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1
Wen, Qingzhi, Peng Sun, Qiang Zhang, and Hu Li. "Nonstationary Ecological Instream Flow and Relevant Causes in the Huai River Basin, China." Water 13, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040484.
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Based on the daily precipitation data during 1960–2016 at 72 stations and the daily streamflow data during 1956–2016 at 7 hydrological stations in the Huai River Basin (HRB), China, eco-surplus and eco-deficit under influences of abrupt streamflow behaviors were analyzed using Flow Duration Curve (FDC). The relations between indicators of hydrological alteration (IHA) and ecological indicators (Shannon Index, SI) were quantified, investigating impacts of altered hydrological processes on the evaluations of the ecological instream flow. Besides, we also quantified fractional contributions of climatic indices to nonstationary ecological instream flow using the Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) framework. While the possible impact of human activities on ecological instream flow will be revealed based on land use changes data. The results indicated that: (1) FDC is subject to general decrease due to hydrological alterations, and most streamflow components are lower than 25% FDC. We found increased eco-deficit and decreased eco-surplus due to altered hydrological processes. The FDC of the streamflow in the main stream of the HRB is lower than that along the tributaries of the HRB. Eco-surplus (eco-deficit) changes are in good line with precipitation anomaly changes during the Spring, Autumn and Winter periods. However, the hydrological alterations due to hydrological regulations by the reservoirs are the primary cause behind the mismatch between ecological instream flow and precipitation anomalies during summer; (2) Annual and seasonal eco-surplus (eco-deficit) is decreasing (increasing) and that during winter season is an exception. Although higher eco-surplus in winter than in other seasons, the eco-surplus is decreasing persistently and the 21st century witnessed the lowest eco-surplus along the main stream of the HRB. Meanwhile, the Shannon index indicated decreased ecological diversity across the HRB; (3) The ecological instream flow is highly sensitive to The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Niño 3.4 Sea Surface Temperature Index (Nino3.4). Meanwhile, the ecological instream flow along the mainstream of the HRB is highly sensitive to climate indices. While the ecological instream flow by GAMLSS model has better fitting performance in describing the extreme values and local trends.
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Wang, Yening, Yuantong Jiang, Yuanmao Zheng, and Haowei Wang. "Assessing the Ecological Carrying Capacity Based on Revised Three-Dimensional Ecological Footprint Model in Inner Mongolia, China." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 4, 2019): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072002.
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Under the concept of green development, accurately mapping ecological carrying capacity to effectively evaluate regional sustainability has already become an important issue in China. This study introduced ecological carrying capacity intensity (ECintensity) based on the revised three-dimensional ecological footprint (3DEF) model to describe the temporal–spatial patterns of three-dimensional ecological carrying capacity (EC3D) in Inner Mongolia in 2010–2016 and to explore factors affecting socioeconomic sustainable development. The results showed that ecological footprint size (EFsize) differed between cities/leagues but changed little during the study period. Ecological footprint depth (EFdepth) far exceeded the original value of 1.00. Ecological carrying capacity (EC) varied in cities/leagues, while ECintensity increased slowly with stronger potential for regional development. Three-dimensional ecological deficits (ED3D) of cities/leagues were divided into five categories: Hohhot, Hulunbuir and Banyannur were in larger ecological surplus; Hinggan was in slight surplus; Baotou, Chifeng, Tongliao, Ulanqab, Xilin Gol and Erdos were in slight deficit; Wuhai was in stronger deficit; and Alxa was in severely intense deficit. Woodland of cities/leagues was continuously in slight ecological surplus, while cropland and grassland had crucial impacts on deficit. There was a significant positive linear correlation between gross domestic product (GDP) and footprint, while a negative correlation was seen with deficit. These results would help coordinate resource utilization and industrial structure adjustment in Inner Mongolia.
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Wei, Wei, Wenlong Li, Yu Song, Jing Xu, Wenying Wang, and Chenli Liu. "The Dynamic Analysis and Comparison of Emergy Ecological Footprint for the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: A Case Study of Qinghai Province and Tibet." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 5587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205587.
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The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is experiencing rapid urbanization and ecological degradation, which have led to unsustainable development. It is urgent to conduct a scientifically rigorous study to evaluate its sustainability. Emergy ecological footprint (EEF) is a new modification of ecological footprint based on ecological thermodynamics. This study applied a modified EEF model and three indicators to analyze the sustainability using data collected from Tibet and Qinghai Province during 1995 to 2014. The grey model (GM) was applied to simulate and predict the ecological status of Qinghai and Tibet. Results showed that: (1) the emergy ecological footprint and ecological deficit of Qinghai province increased in general from 1995 to 2014, while Tibet was still sustainable during this period despite the fact that its ecological surplus decreased; (2) the three sustainability indicators indicate that Qinghai and Tibet are moving away from sustainability; (3) the ecological deficit of Qinghai will keep increasing and the ecological surplus of Tibet will keep decreasing from 2015 to 2024. Finally, several suggestions were proposed to protect the local environment and restore ecological functions in these regions.
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Li, Cheng Ying, Zhi Qi Gong, Rui Ding, Ying Li, and Bo Kun Chen. "The Land Use Sustainability in Xining which Based on Ecological Footprint Model." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1755.
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Based on ecological footprint model, this paper calculated the ecological footprint and the ecological carrying capacity and ecological surplus of 2000 ~ 2012 years in Xining,the results showed that the current land use in Xining City is the absolute ecological deficit,which indicate that the land development in Xining is being away from the sustainability .
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Huang, Feng, and Zhigang Yu. "Fuzzy Evaluation in Planning and Construction of Ecological Small Towns Absorbing Surplus Rural Labor." Open House International 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2018-b0021.
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Ecological small towns can attract a large number of rural surplus labors and ease the population pressure, how to carry out the planning and construction ecological town becomes a hotspot of research. Based on this, planning and construction of ecological small towns absorbing surplus rural labor based on fuzzy evaluation method were proposed. First of all, planning and construction of small towns under the concept of ecology were elaborated; and then the planning and construction strategies of small towns integrating ecological concepts were put forward, including the utilization of water resources, ecological the landscape and transportation planning; at the same time, a project for ecological small town in Hebei Province was taken as an example for the planning and design; in addition, the planning objectives and layout planning were analyzed and evaluated by fuzzy evaluation method, and the results confirmed the success of planning and design.
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Zhang, Ying, and Shan Shan Li. "The Time-Series Study of Xiangjiang River Water Carrying Capacity Based on the Ecological Footprint of Water Resource — The ChangZhuTan Region, for Example." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4362.
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This paper is based on "the method of ecological footprint of water resource" and through establishing "ecological footprint of water resource" model to analyze the water resources utilization of ChangZhuTan region, Xiangjiang River. Time-series is applied to researching the water resources utilization of ChangZhuTan region , Xiangjiang River from 2003 to 2009. Meanwhile, the indicators like ecological footprint of water resource and so on in the following 6 years are predicted. Ecological footprint of water resource per ten thousand yuan GDP is introduced to analyze the water utilization efficiency of ChangZhuTan Region, Xiangjiang River quantitively. The result shows that, from 2003 to 2009, the water resources of ChangZhuTan Region, Xiangjiang River is in the state of ecological Surplus, but the ecological surplus value decreases year by year, which means that the sustainable utilization of Xiangjiang River is getting worse. The prediction also shows that the ecological footprint of water resource per ten thousand yuan GDP will increase year by year in the next 6 years, which means that the water utilization will be less efficient.
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Zhong, Xiaoyong, Dongyan Guo, and Hongyi Li. "Quantitative Assessment of Horizontal Ecological Compensation for Cultivated Land Based on an Improved Ecological Footprint Model: A Case Study of Jiangxi Province, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5 (March 6, 2023): 4618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054618.
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Cultivated land horizontal ecological compensation is an essential means of reconciling agricultural ecosystem protection and regional economic development. It is important to design a horizontal ecological compensation standard for cultivated land. Unfortunately, there are some defects in the existing quantitative assessments of horizontal cultivated land ecological compensation. In order to raise the accuracy of ecological compensation amounts, this study established an improved ecological footprint model based on the ecosystem service function, focused on estimating the value of ecosystem service function, ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, ecological balance index and ecological compensation values of cultivated land in all cities of Jiangxi province. It then analyzed the rationality of ecological compensation amounts in Jiangxi province, which is one of the 13 provinces of major grain-producing areas in China. The results show the following: (1) The total value of soil conservation service function, carbon sequestration and oxygen release service function and ecosystem service function in Jiangxi province showed a spatial distribution trend of “gradually increasing around Poyang Lake Basin”. (2) The cultivated land ecological deficit areas in Jiangxi province are Nanchang City, Jiujiang City and Pingxiang City; ecological surplus areas are Yichun City, Ji’an City and eight other cities; and there is an obvious “Spatial Agglomeration” phenomenon in ecological deficit and ecological surplus areas where ecological deficit areas are mainly concentrated in the northwest region of Jiangxi. (3) The amount needed to attain fair ecological compensation for cultivated land is 5.2 times the payment amount for cultivated land; this indicated there is larger arable land, a favorable condition for agricultural cultivation, and better supply capacity of ecosystem services in most of the cities of Jiangxi. (4) The compensation amount for cultivated land ecological surplus areas in Jiangxi province is generally higher than the cost of ecological protection, and its proportion in GDP, fiscal revenue and agriculture-related expenditure is significantly higher than that in ecological deficit areas; this indicated that the compensation value of cultivated land could play the driving role in the protective behavior for cultivated land. The results provide a theoretical and methodological reference for the construction of horizontal ecological compensation standards for cultivated land.
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Oenema, O., L. van Liere, S. Plette, T. Prins, H. van Zeijts, and O. Schoumans. "Environmental effects of manure policy options in The Netherlands." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 3 (February 1, 2004): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0172.
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This study explores the effects of manure policy options for agricultural land in The Netherlands on nitrate leaching to groundwater, ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere and on eutrophication of surface waters. The implementation of the farm gate balance MINAS at farm level, with levy-free N surpluses in the range of 300 to 40 kg per ha per year, and levy-free P surpluses in the range of 17.5 to 0.4 kg of P per ha per year, have been examined. Results indicate that nitrate concentrations in the upper groundwater are related to N surplus, land use, soil type and groundwater level. On dry sandy soils, the N surplus has to be below 60 to 140 kg of N per ha per year, depending on land use, to decrease the nitrate concentrations in the upper groundwater to below 50 mg nitrate per litre. Decreases of N and P concentrations in surface waters, upon lowering levy-free surpluses appear relatively small. For improving the ecological state of surface waters, we recommend a combination of low levy-free N and P surpluses with dredging P rich sediments, flushing of ditches, and decreasing discharges from other sources.
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Erturk, Emre. "Ecological Surplus and Its Economic Implications: A Three Country Study." International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability: Annual Review 7, no. 3 (2011): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1832-2077/cgp/v07i03/59449.
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Apriyeni, Baiq Ahda Razula. "ANALISIS TAPAK EKOLOGI UNTUK ARAHAN PEMANFAATAN RUANG PULAU LOMBOK." TATALOKA 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.19.1.68-81.
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This study aims to 1) Calculate the ecological footprint in Lombok Island through Supply and Demand approach by GFN (Global Footprint Network), Land Suitability and Spatial Planning, 2) Evaluate and assess the three approaches to calculate the value of the ecological footprint, 3) Formulate the direction of spatial use based on the calculation of the ecological footprint. Based on the calculation of the ecological footprint and biocapasity by three approaches found that the results showed Lombok Island was categorized into three categories deficit ecological area: surplus territory (based GFN approach), surplus territory (based on land suitability approach), and deficit area (based on Spatial Planning approach). Of the three approaches of ecological footprint used, Spatial Planning approach was the most realistic to describe the condition of the ecological footprint in Lombok Island. As for the direction of spatial use based on the ecological footprint in Lombok Island was as follows: 1) Agricultural land needs an additional area of 121,305 ha, 2) Farm land area is reduced by 181,031 ha, 3) Fishery land needs an additional area of 248,429 ha, 4) Forest land needs an additional area of 151,439 ha, 5) Developed land needs an additional area of 159,132 ha, and 6) Land which serve as an sequestration needs an additional area of 14,024 ha
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Yang, Jing, Bing Zheng, and Zhenghua Chen. "Optimization of Tourism Information Analysis System Based on Big Data Algorithm." Complexity 2020 (November 11, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8841419.
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On the basis of ecological footprint theory and tourism ecological footprint theory, the sustainable development indexes such as ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, ecological deficit, and ecological surplus of the research area were calculated and the long-term change pattern of each index was analyzed. This paper shows that the ecological footprint of the research area increases year by year, but the ecological footprint is always smaller than the ecological carrying capacity, indicating that the area is still in the state of sustainable development. However, the per capita ecological surplus shows a decreasing trend year by year, indicating that the sustainable development of the region is getting worse. This paper proposes a reordering method of tourist attractions based on heterogeneous information fusion, and realizes the retrieval and reordering of tourist attractions based on user query and fusion of heterogeneous information, so as to help users make travel decisions. In view of the shortage of tourism commercial websites to passively provide scenic spot information, this paper puts forward a scenic spot retrieval method based on query words to enable users to obtain scenic spot information according to their needs, and constructs a tourist consumer data analysis system. The preprocessing methods and methods adopted by the data preprocessing module are analyzed in detail, and the algorithms used in the travel route analysis and consumer spending ability analysis are described in detail. The data of tourism consumers are analyzed by this system, and the results are evaluated.
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Zhang, Shuhui, Fuquan Li, Yuke Zhou, Ziyuan Hu, Ruixin Zhang, Xiaoyu Xiang, and Yali Zhang. "Using Net Primary Productivity to Characterize the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Ecological Footprint for a Resource-Based City, Panzhihua in China." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 6, 2022): 3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053067.
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An ecological footprint is a primary indicator in measuring the sustainability of regional development, especially in resource-based cities. Here, we built an ecological footprint-based framework to assess the sustainability for a resource-based city of Panzhihua, in China. In this framework, a suite of long-term ecological parameters (2000–2020), essentially including Net Primary Productivity (NPP), land cover, as well as social statistical data, was used as the input indices of a provincial hectare ecological footprint model. The model outputs are composed of the ecological footprint (EF), ecological footprint per capita (PEF), ecological capacity (EC), ecological capacity per capita (PEC), ecological deficit/surplus (ED/S), and per capita ecological deficit/surplus (PED/S). Then the sustainable development capability of the city was comprehensively evaluated using a suite of ecological indices, including the ecological pressure index (EPI), ecological footprint per ten thousand GDP (EFG), ecological sustainability index (ESI), and ecological coordination index (ECI). The study reveals that, from 2000–2020, (1) PEC and PED/S presented an increasing trend (0.2401 hm2/person and 2.1421 hm2/person, respectively), while PEF decreased by 1.9 hm2/person. In the case of the ecological deficit, fossil energy land and forest were the dominant land types in controlling the ecological footprint and ecological capacity, (2) EPI and EFG decreased by 6.6381 hm2/person and 2.2462 hm2/person, respectively, and ESI and ECI increased by 0.3436 hm2/person and 0.2897 hm2/person, respectively. These indices also reflect that the utilization rate of natural resources in Panzhihua City has been improved, with enhanced sustainability, as well as a decline in ecological pressure. This ecological footprint-based framework could work as a template for evaluating the sustainability of resource-based cities from positive and negative ecological footprint indices.
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Sonkar, Gopal. "ASSESSMENT OF SURPLUS CROP RESIDUE BIOMASS ENERGY SECTOR: INDIA." Journal of Global Resources 8, no. 02 (July 30, 2022): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46587/jgr.2022.v08i02.011.
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This paper deals with three issues related to surplus residues biomass energy: 1. the concept of surplus crop residues biomass energy, 2. institutional setup for residues biomass energy policy and planning, and 3. Its achievement at the national level. The choice of surplus crop residues biomass energy is dependent on the institutional framework that shaped its existence in the renewable energy sector. The current study is shaped by various alternative learning-based approaches used by academics and practitioners in the field of renewable energy. The approaches show similarities with Clean Development Management (CDM) goals and reflect the alternative and sustainable development context within which they were framed toward ecological-based energy capacity building. The institutional framework can encourage surplus crop residual biomass energy, and it is one of the few alternative energy resources in which individuals appear eager to invest. However, the surplus crop residues biomass energy initiative is slowly spreading across the country, wait and watch if the surplus crop residues biomass energy approach can prove its merits.
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Wang, Yan, and Shan Shui He. "China's Energy Trade Transformation Theory - A Study Based on the Ecological Footprint Model." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 1904–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1904.
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The implementation of China's export oriented trade policy had brought huge trade surplus at the same time, the ecological deficit was huge in recent years.Therefore, the eighteen Party Congress proposed the building of ecological civilization, to control energy consumption. In this context, this paper used the ecological footprint model to analyze China's energy trade transformation, through the measurement of 2002-2010 years of energy trade, energy trade ecological deficit were found, it provided theoretical basis for China's energy trade transformation. Based on the ecological deficit it puts forward the corresponding countermeasures, developing new energy, strengthen ecological system management and change the trade structure.
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Cui, Guan Nan, and Xuan Wang. "Application of Modified Ecological Footprint Model: A Case Study of Tibet, China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.987.
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To improve the ecological footprint model in aspect of reflecting sustainability of the economic, social and technological, the emergy analysis and socio-economic system development index were introduced into the model. The modified ecological footprint model was applied in the calculation of ecological carrying capacity and ecological footprint in Tibet, China. The ecological carrying capacity/cap is 19.13hm2, and the ecological footprint/cap is 8.96hm2. The result shows that the Tibet region is under the condition of ecological surplus and it is suitable for further programs development to some extent. But the high proportion of energy resources, cement and fertilizer utility should draw attention during the exploitation or construction progress.
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Cui, Li Tuo, Zhi Wei Li, and Hong Sheng Bi. "Nutrient Variation Characteristics of Luanhekou - Beidaihe Ecological Monitoring Marine Area in August." Materials Science Forum 980 (March 2020): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.980.419.
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Data collected from 24 marine monitoring stations in Luanhekou-Beidaihe ecological monitoring marine area from 1999 to 2014 reveal a substantial change in the nutrient of this region. The content of nitrogenous nutrients has increased, but phosphate and silicate have decreased. The average N:P ratios have increased from 4.951 in 1999 to 47.188 in 2014;while the Si:N ratios have decreased. The nutrient structure has substantially changed over a period of 16 years. Before 2004, phosphate was relative surplus but inorganic nitrogen was relative lack, while relative surplus of inorganic nitrogen and relative lack of phosphate after 2004. The water quality changed from low nitrogen and high phosphorus (before 2004) to high nitrogen and low phosphorus (after 2004).This finding shows that the nutrient structure may be related to anthropogenic influence.
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Ji, Zhengxin, Yueqing Xu, and Hejie Wei. "Identifying Dynamic Changes in Ecosystem Services Supply and Demand for Urban Sustainability: Insights from a Rapidly Urbanizing City in Central China." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 3428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083428.
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Identifying the balance and dynamic changes in supply and demand of ecosystem services (ES) can help maintain the sustainability of the regional ecosystem and improve human well-being. To achieve a sustainable ecological management regime in Zhengzhou City, this study presented a comprehensive framework for identifying dynamic changes of ES supply and demand and managing ES. Using land use data of Zhengzhou City in 1995, 2005, and 2015 and incorporating expert knowledge and the ES evaluation matrix, we evaluated the spatiotemporal changes in the ES supply and demand in Zhengzhou. Gradient analysis was conducted to identify urban–rural patterns in the budgets of ES supply and demand. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was employed to identify the hotspot areas of ES surpluses or deficits. The research results show the following: (1) In the past 20 years, the supply-and-demand relationship of ES in Zhengzhou has gradually evolved in a direction where supply falls short of demand. The average budget index of Zhengzhou’s ES supply and demand decreased from 7.30 in 1995 to −4.89 in 2015. Changes in the supply and demand status of ES in Zhengzhou corresponded to the background of rapid urbanization. (2) Urban–rural gradient differences exist in the budgets of ES supply and demand in Zhengzhou. Core development areas, such as the Zhengzhou urban areas, are in deficit, whereas a balance or surplus can be observed in rural areas far from urban centers. (3) The surplus hotspots of ES budgets were mainly distributed in the western and southern mountainous areas of Zhengzhou, and they were scattered and the scope shrank, with a decrease of 2.73 times in 20 years, whereas the deficit hotspots expanded outward with each urban area as the center, with an increase of 5.77%. Ecological management zoning (ecological conservation area, ecological improvement area, and ecological reconstruction area) with the effective guidance of ecological and economic policies could comprehensively improve ES management and achieve urban sustainability. The framework in this study can easily and quickly assess the supply and demand status of ES and provide scientific support for the ecological management in rapidly urbanizing areas.
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Li, Wanting, Yongling Ye, and Yumei Ning. "The Game and Impetus Analysis of Ecological Enrichment of Corporate Citizens." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (September 24, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4893999.
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Ecological enrichment is not the growth of the economic value of a business entity and the use of surplus to fund deficits, but the coordinated growth of corporate citizens’ ecological value and economic value, which is conducive to the positive evolution of ecological beauty and economic vitalization. Through the game model, this paper makes a game analysis of various possibilities of the game of ecological enrichment and further gives a balanced solution to the impetus of ecological enrichment. Positive-sum return, return equilibrium, and dynamic equilibrium are all the necessary conditions for the positive selection of repeated games for corporate citizens’ ecological enrichment and play a decisive role in the impetus of ecological enrichment.
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He, Jia, Yi Li, Lianjun Zhang, Junyin Tan, and Chuanhao Wen. "A County-Scale Spillover Ecological Value Compensation Standard of Ecological Barrier Area in China: Based on an Extended Emergy Analysis." Agriculture 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121185.
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Ecological compensation (EC) is an important way to solve the imbalance of cross-regional economic development and realize regional coordinated development. How to quantify the standard of EC has become a hot research topic. Firstly, this paper selected the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) as the study area, and constructed a cross-regional spillover ecological value measurement model based on the extended emergy analysis. From the perspective of the “ecology–economy–society” complex ecosystem, this paper used emergy to reflect the social, economic, and ecological function and service value of the TGRR, and estimated the ecosystem emergy supply and consumption in the TGRR. Then, comparing the watershed ecosystem emergy supply and consumption, we can judge the status of the ecological surplus and deficit of the TGRR, and transfer the spillover ecological emergy to spillover ecological value (SEV) by using the emergy currency ratio (ECR). Finally, combined with different actual payment level coefficient, we can obtain a relatively objective and robust compensation standard. The results show that the SEV of the TGRR in 2016 is 2.70 × 1011 USD, which indicates that the TGRR is in the state of ecological surplus. The TGRR should get EC about 2.85 × 1011 USD according to the ECR. Based on the research results, it is suggested to expand the transfer payment to the TGRR. At the same time, it is suggested to formulate different ecological compensation standard (ECS) according to regional differences, which has important practical significance to establish the allocation standard of EC, and provides a typical case basis for other large reservoir areas or typical reservoir areas.
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Tian, Jing Yi, Wen Jie Zhang, and Li Hua Huang. "Study on the Regional Environmental Carrying Capacity." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1221.
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The regional Environmental carrying capacity is the support base to achieve the coordinated development between the regional economy, the society and the environment, which is an important criterion to judge whether the strength of resources development is coordinated with the Environmental carrying capacity and that is also a prerequisite to develop the regional ecological planning. In this paper, the index system of Environmental carrying capacity has been established by taking Huludao Economic Development Zone as the example. At the same time, the dynamic characterization parameters of regional environmental carrying capacity have been also introduced--- the concept and the econometric model of the relative surplus rate of regional environmental carrying capacity. It is calculated that the surplus rate of the regional integrated environmental carrying capacity is 0.039, which has provided the basis for developing the ecological planning of Huludao Economic Development Zone.
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Ribeiro, Marcia França, José Antonio Peixoto, and Leydervan De Souza Xavier. "Study of the sustentability indicator ecological footprint: a theoretical-empirical approach." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 7, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v7i1.962.
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This article aims to describe the methodology of Ecological Footprint, a tool to measure, communicate and compare the development of nations, using a theoretical and empirical grounds through a literature search conducted in the literature. The content of the study initially discusses the deinitions, the assumptions adopted, the method for calculating the indicator and the main advantages and disadvantages of using the method of Ecological Footprint. The results for this indicator, in different countries worldwide, shows that Brazil has an ecological surplus, allowing the social and economic development with conservation of natural resources.
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Su, Yongsong, Song Song, Lichun Xie, and Zhenyu He. "The Nitrogen Budget of Coastal Eastern Guangdong in the Last 15 Years." Hydrology 8, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8020081.
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Nitrogen pollution has caused severe ecological and environmental crisis, especially in densely populated coastal regions. Using a mathematical model based on statistical data series from industry, agriculture, environmental protection, and population in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015, this paper aims to estimate the nitrogen income and expenditure of coastal Eastern Guangdong, to reveal the temporal variation of the nitrogen budget in the coastal region with high agriculture intensity, and to suggest a management strategy for the local nitrogen control. The results show that: coastal Eastern Guangdong is a nitrogen surplus region, with nitrogen load and nitrogen flux varying in the range 276.01–299.60 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and 221.26–239.06 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively, during the period 2000–2015; from 2000 to 2015, the overall nitrogen surplus and the nitrogen surplus unit area showed an obvious upward trend, indicating that nitrogen pollution in the area was deteriorating; agricultural used fertilizer serves as the main contributor to nitrogen input, while water nitrogen accounts for the highest portion of nitrogen output; despite the fluctuation of nitrogen input and output, water nitrogen output steadily increased, suggesting a stronger water environment management requirement. This research provides reference for researchers and decision-makers in the ecological and environmental domains.
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Jensen, A. L. "Harvest in a fluctuating environment and conservative harvest for the Fox surplus production model." Ecological Modelling 182, no. 1 (February 2005): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.08.004.
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Kai, Xiao Li, and Liang Min Gao. "Study on Spatial and Temporal Variation of Ecological Compensation in Wuhu." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1461.
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According to the regional sustainable development theory, studied on Wuhu city’s ecological compensation using the ecological compensation framework based on eco-footprint model. The results show that four administrative areas are faced with unsustainable development, the average of the ecological surplus is Wuhu county>urban area>Fanchang county>Nanling county during 2002-2006,the average of the ecological compensation is Wuhu county>Nanling county>Fanchang county>urban area， the ecological compensation of all administrative areas are negative except Fanchang county in 2003, the ecological resources of all administrative areas is not self sufficiency, and should import resource from other area. The research sets the theoretical basis and data support for the distribution of the internal compensate share reasonably in Wuhu city, and rationalizing occupancy of ecological service function.
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Liu, Junti, Wenhui Chen, Aiying Li, and Chencheng Zhou. "Research Assessment on the Supply and Demand for Forest Ecosystem Services: The Case of Zhuxi County." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 3184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043184.
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A refined assessment of small-scale to medium-scale forest ecosystem services based on the unique geographical conditions of Zhuxi County provides a basis for decision-making to create a regional green development strategy for the county. The specifications for assessing forest ecosystem services (GB/T38582-2020) were followed to calculate the supply of forest ecosystem services in Zhuxi County using the physical quantity method and the value quantity method, and the demand was calculated using the standard value comparison method. The total supply value of forest ecosystem services in 2020 in Zhuxi County was 35,677,894,500 yuan·a−1. In terms of the value of each service, the value of water containment was the largest, accounting for 41.08%, and the value of forest recreation was the smallest, accounting for only 1.36%. The value per unit area of the local broadleaf–mixed forest in Zhuxi County was the largest, at 140,658.65 yuan·a−1, while the value of the fir forest was the smallest, at 89,181.32 yuan·a−1. The comprehensive supply–demand ratio of forest ecosystem services in Zhuxi County was 1.54, which means a moderate surplus; the supply–demand ratio of supply services was 1.27, which means a slight surplus; the supply–demand ratio of adjustment services was 1.34, which means a slight surplus; the supply–demand ratio of support services was 1.13, which means a slight surplus; and the supply–demand ratio of cultural services was 6.01, which means a high surplus. The supply–demand ratio of cultural services of forest ecosystem services in Zhuxi County was the largest and that of the support services was the smallest. From an overall perspective, the supply of forest ecosystem services in Zhuxi County in 2020 was relatively abundant and sufficient to meet local people’s demand for forest ecosystem services. In the future, some goals may include: (1) improving management capacity of forest resources and the quality of forest resources; (2) increasing the value of forest ecological services per unit area; (3) using mixed-forest planting to transform low-value tree species; (4) developing the supply capacity of forest ecological services; (5) enhancing the reprocessing industry of forest products; and (6) expanding the output of nonforest products. A good ecological defence must be established to achieve the sustainable management of forest resources.
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Wu, Ming, Yao Yao, Feng Rui Jia, and Lei Wang. "Ecological Footprint Analysis of Resource-Based and Heavy Industrial City Sustainable Development." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 1664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1664.
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The ecological footprint model with food, house, energy and waste as consumption accounts through analysis of urban matter and energy consumption was established. Based on 2000-2009 data of Fushun, a resource-based and heavy industrial city, ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological surplus/deficit of Fushun were analyzed, respectively, and then urban sustainable development status was evaluated. The results show that the urban development state is ecological deficit and ecological deficit index have been increased from 5.227hm2/cap to 6.516hm2/cap during 2000-2009, Fushun is always under an overload condition, which is highly unsustainable. The ecological footprint is 89.39% made up by the fossil energy footprint on average, the main consumption of Fushun's development are fossil energy land. And then urban 104 Yuan GDP ecological footprint index decreased from 5.660 hm2/cap to 2.247hm2/cap during 2000-2009, the urban energy utilizing efficiency have been improved.
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Trathan, P. N., N. Ratcliffe, and E. A. Masden. "Ecological drivers of change at South Georgia: the krill surplus, or climate variability." Ecography 35, no. 11 (April 4, 2012): 983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07330.x.
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Yang, Wenjie, Qianwen Gong, and Xueyan Zhang. "Surplus or deficit? Quantifying the total ecological compensation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region." Journal of Geographical Sciences 30, no. 4 (April 2020): 621–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11442-020-1746-3.
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Liu, Xin Tian, Zheng Fa Sheng, and Ye Liang Wang. "Study on Tourism Ecological Footprint of Loudi City in Hunan “3+5” Urban Agglomeration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 1566–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.1566.
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With the rapid development of tourism in“3+5” urban agglomeration, more and more attention is paid to ecological security triggered by tourism wave. Taking Loudi City in urban agglomeration as an example, conduct empirical study on the application of ecological footprint theories and methods on the quantitative evaluation of sustainable development of regional tourism. The results show: tourism ecological footprint per capita of Loudi was 768.9881×10-5hm2 in 2009 in which transportation taking 55.3156% is the maximum, and food consumption taking 39.7622% is the second one. Tourism ecological capacity per capita was 1520.5170×10-5hm2; tourism ecological surplus per capita was 751.5289×10-5hm2 and ecological security degree was 0.5057 which showed a common condition or could be said as a safer condition. However, with the rapid development of tourism, tourism ecological footprint of Loudi City shows an increasing trend year by year. We should coordinate well the relationship between tourism development and ecological environmental protection.
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Diao, Wei Yang, Bai Ping Tian, Ping Ma, and Xian En Wang. "Trade Ecological Footprint Analysis of China's Agricultural." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 2340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.2340.
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This paper employs the ecological footprint analysis method to analyze the ecological footprint of the import and export trade of major agricultural products during the years of 1990-2009 in China. The results indicate that the footprint of the main agricultural products’ import and export of China presents obvious two-stage characteristics: during the years of 1991-2001, the import and export trade as a whole tended to be stable with ecological deficit; however, during the years of 2001-2009 the import trade increased significantly. The export trade tended to be stable. There was ecological surplus in successive years. In order to promote the sustainable development of China’s major agricultural products, we should optimize the industrial structure of the major agricultural products, implement the technical improvement of crops, ameliorate the ecological environment of crop production, and promote the development strategy of agricultural trade.
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Yang, Chun, Guo Gang Wang, and Ming Li Wang. "A Study on the Sustainability of Chinese Pasturing and Semi-Pasturing Grassland Based on Ecological Footprint Model." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 2578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2578.
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China is a prairie giant, where available grassland area of pasturing and semi-pasturing areas account for 61.5% of national total grassland area. As China is paying more and more attention to ecological environment construction, pasturing and semi-pasturing areas become the key areas of grassland ecological protection, and the grassland sustainability status is attracting more and more attention. Based on ecological footprint model in this study, the relevant data from 2006 to 2013 are used for empirical analysis on per capita ecological footprint and per capita ecological carrying capacity of Chinese pasturing and semi-pasturing grassland. Results show that since 2006, per capita ecological footprint demand of Chinese pasturing and semi-pasturing grassland shows a small growth, while per capita ecological carrying capacity falls slightly. The pasturing and semi-pasturing areas generally present a sustainable development situation, and the per capita ecological surplus of grassland shows an overall growth, but falls slightly over the last two years. Therefore, it is still required to further strengthen the ecological protection of Chinese pasturing and semi-pasturing grassland.
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Kharisma, Resti, Herry Purnomo, and Budi Kuncahyo. "Ecological footprint and biocapacity analysis of upper Cisadane Watershed." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 12, no. 2 (June 12, 2022): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.12.2.197-209.
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The Ecological footprint/EF is used as a tool to measure human consumption of the resource when compared they ability to regenerate. EF measures how much bio-productivity (BC) areas are needed by the population for sustainable resource production activities that are used to meet the needs and absorb the resulting waste. If EF over then BC, overshoot will be happened. Overshoot usually occurs short term but if continuously increasing will cause environmental degradation. Cisadane watershed became study area because it was part of government program to minimize environmental degradation. The purpose of this study was determining the condition of the upstream Cisadane watershed, whether the ecology is surplus or deficit. The result of study explained that upstream Cisadane watershed was ecology deficit from 2016-2020.
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Li, Dan, Pengju Du, and Haizhen He. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Sustainable Development of Smart Heritage Tourism." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (May 30, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5441170.
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World heritage is a kind of affirmation and high honor given by the international community to the important civilization, historical relics, or natural landscape of a country and nation. This paper studies and analyzes the sustainable development of heritage tourism boosted by smart tourism based on big data artificial intelligence. This paper first analyzes big data and then introduces the concept of smart tourism. Smart tourism is a new future-oriented tourism form that serves the public, enterprises, and governments. It uses the Internet of Things, cloud computing, next-generation communication network, high-performance information processing, intelligent data mining, and other technologies in tourism experience, industrial development, administrative management, and other applications, so that tourism physical resources and information resources have been highly systematically integrated and deeply developed and activated. And then, we analyze and discuss artificial intelligence algorithms. Artificial intelligence is a new technological science that is researched and developed on the basis of computer science as a simulation and extension of human intelligence activities. Finally, a comprehensive analysis is made on the tourism ecological footprint of natural heritage sites and the carrying capacity of tourism ecology in natural heritage sites. The experimental results of this paper show that the tourism development of this natural heritage site is in a sustainable state. The reasons are as follows: First, the average tourist ecological footprint of the place is 0.009466 hm2, the average tourism ecological carrying capacity is 0.032861 hm2, and there is an average ecological surplus of 0.02339 hm2; secondly, the average tourist natural footprint is 18285.93 hm2, the average tourism environmental carrying capacity is 40421.97 hm2, and the average ecological surplus is 22136.04 hm2. To sum up, it shows that its tourism development is in a state of sustainable development.
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Zhai, Tianlin, Linke Wu, Yuanmeng Chen, Mian Faisal Nazir, Mingyuan Chang, Yuanbo Ma, Enxiang Cai, et al. "Ecological Compensation in the Context of Carbon Neutrality: A Case Involving Service Production-Transmission and Distribution-Service Consumption." Land 11, no. 12 (December 17, 2022): 2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122321.
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Carbon ecological compensation is essential to coordinate regional environmental protection, reduce the gap between the economic development of protected areas and beneficiary areas, and achieve carbon neutrality. This paper proposed a theoretical framework for ecological compensation using the theories of carbon balance, externality, ecosystem services, and carbon trading mechanisms. Based on the analysis of the ecological compensation priority sequence in Henan Province, the suppliers and consumers of carbon sequestration were identified, and cross-regional ecological compensation was realized through ecosystem services flow. The results showed that the carbon sequestration supply in Henan Province was characterized as being high in the west and low in the east, while the demand was the opposite. Affected by the suitable environmental conditions, many areas had an ecological surplus pattern, and the carbon sequestration supply was more significant than the demand. Central and south-western Henan Province were distinct ecological compensation payment areas and receiving areas, respectively. Nanyang, which had the largest carbon sequestration flow and the largest ecological contribution to other regions, received the highest ecological compensation fund of CNY 4.069 billion. This study can provide decision support for carbon ecological compensation in the context of carbon neutrality.
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Djaja, Irba, P. Purwanto, H. R. Sunoko, and Muslihudin Muslihudin. "The Analysis of Ecological Footprint at Farming Production Centre Cluster of MIFEE Program in Merauke Papua." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912502011.
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The heading Ecological footprint is one of the methods developed to respond sustainable development issue expected to measure the availability and usage of natural resources affecting the ecology of environment. The purpose of this study is to count the value of ecological footprint at Farming Production Centre Merauke through the supply and demand approach based on GFN (Global Footprint Network) and count the capacity of environment. The method used was Global Footprint Network, and counting capacity method. The results of ecological footprint counting was 29.9536 gha/inhabitant and the value of bio-capacity (supply) was gha/inhabitant, so the ecology (environmental support) value was 1,1936gha/inhabitant. The results show that the Farming Production Centre is categorized into ecological surplus and the capacity is 36,8964inhabitants/ ha. The value shows that the environment and ecosystem condition in the development area of Farming Production Centre in Merauke, Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate, is able to accommodate the needs and support the people living in the area (ecological debt).
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Zhang, Daowei, Ying Lin, and Jeffrey P. Prestemon. "From Deficit to Surplus: An Econometric Analysis of US Trade Balance in Forest Products." Forest Science 63, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/fs-2016-018.
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Dwarkasing, Chandni, Gonzalo Vitón, and Victoria Silva Sánchez. "An eco-Marxist reinterpretation of formal abstraction in Ecological Economics." Relaciones Internacionales, no. 46 (February 28, 2021): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2021.46.002.
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In the field of economics, the two main branches that deal with the analyses of economy-ecology interactions are Environmental and Resource Economics (ERE) and Ecological Economics (EE). The latter is typically characterized as being fundamentally at odds with ERE’s negligence of biophysical constraints to economic activity. EE has proceeded to develop as a pluralist and trans-disciplinary field whose literature engages in the stipulation of previously overlooked considerations. For some, this pluralism represents the biggest strength: its success hinges on both the acceptance of multiple and incommensurable epistemologies that detect fissures in the dominant epistemology and the debate that arises out of the different delineations of dissent. Others argue that over the course of EE’s existence, pluralism has been insufficiently able to rid the field from mainstream, particularly neoclassical, economic epistemologies and formalisms. The aim of this paper is to provide recommendations for the development of an alternative to the current formal abstractions of ecology-economy configurations. This is done through a reinterpretation of the natural capital concept from an eco-Marxist perspective. After introducing the natural capital concept and discussing how the treatment thereof differs across ERE and EE, we isolate strong sustainability as one of the main attributes of EE when it comes to formalization practices. Strong sustainability’s prescription to treat natural capital as a complementary input in economic production functions has led to the implementation of various strategies concerning natural capital conservation. The bulk of these strategies has subsequently relied on monetary valuation for the purpose of embedding conservation strategies within the broader rationale of the market. In this paper we discuss monetary valuation in light of planetary boundaries, such as atmospheric sink capacities, and ecosystem services such as the habitat provision for endangered species. Critical studies have identified the monetary valuation of biophysical and ecological processes as commodification and we address both the theorized and experienced contradictions it is associated with. In our view, the logic behind the exchange value assessment of ecological processes can easily be traced back to the underlying assumptions of mathematical formalization in EE. In order to dissect these assumptions, we find it fruitful to draw on ecological Marxism. After introducing the reader to the gist of Marx’s ecological insights we discuss the concept of dualism in ecological Marxism and economics. We contend that our explicit focus on mathematical formalization forecloses a complete rejection of dualism since the specification of variables requires a process of conceptual distinction. This is why we adopt the notion of duality; where the separation and opposition between two essential elements is replaced by interdependence. Having positioned ourselves in the eco-Marxist debate on dualism, we then proceed with a discussion of Marx’s labour process theory and Moore’s world-ecology. The labour process is subject to two elements: ‘purpose realisation’ and ‘material metabolism’. The first refers to labour as an imposition of human intention; causing nature to capitulate to humanity’s will. ‘Material metabolism’ describes labour as an exchange or mediation between itself and nature. World-ecology offers an ecological interpretation of capital accumulation over the course of history. One of the concepts used to distinguish historical ecology-economy configurations, or world-ecological regimes, over capitalism’s long-dureé is the ecological surplus. This is a ratio between the system-wide appropriation and capitalization of both human and extra-human inputs. High ecological surpluses allow capital accumulation to proceed by means of labour productivity gains which are facilitated by appropriated labours, entities and processes. Low ecological surpluses hamper accumulation and trigger investments in new sources of appropriation, cheaper capitalized inputs or efficiency increasing technologies. How do these two eco-Marxist insights facilitate a reinterpretation of the assumptions underlying the practice of mathematical formalization in EE? Through the concept of the ecological surplus, world-ecology allows us to consider the commodification of ecological processes as an instance of capitalization. When valuation techniques disclose the benefit of an ecological process in monetary terms, said ecological process can be treated as an input in the production function. But according to world-ecology, an increase in capitalization also diminishes the ecological surplus which subsequently hampers capital accumulation. This begs us to question why the capitalization of ecological processes is a dominant strategy in response to ecological degradations. We argue that capitalization is a fruitful strategy in the face of future constraints to accumulation, such as diminished labour or human-made capital productivity and/or future opportunities for accumulation through for example, greenwashing. Marx’s labour process theory allows us to further argue that the incentives which capitalization aim to foster can be seen as desired alternations to the ‘material metabolism’ element of the labour process. The socially defined set of ‘purpose realisations’ on the other hand remains faithful to “the endowment of natural objects with humanistic forms for the purpose not of use value creation, but exchange value accumulation”. This leads us to conclude that the depiction of economy-ecology configurations by means of natural capital which enters the production function supports the underlying assumption that ecological sustainability is best achieved when capital bargains on behalf of nature. Furthermore, by explicitly focusing on capitalized ecological processes, the status-quo of formal abstraction in EE presumes dualism and is therefore incomplete. We argue that a more comprehensive portrayal requires the consideration of appropriated ecological processes in order to capture reciprocity and the unified management of interdependent flows which reproduce metabolic value. To this end, we introduce a trivial conceptual framework which summarizes the (proposed) mathematical formalization of economy-ecology configurations across ERE, EE and Ecological Marxism. The formal abstraction we propose from an eco-Marxist perspective is not only based on the consideration of appropriated ecological processes but also imposes duality instead of dualism between the ‘societal’ and ‘natural’ elements of production. The contribution of Ecological Marxism in this paper should not be seen as the formulation of an alternative to capitalization. Our proposed formal abstraction is based on the assumption that the ‘purpose realisation’ element of the labour process facilitates the goal of exchange value accumulation. Instead, we hope our contribution has shown that Ecological Marxism provides useful insights which can stretch the current confines of EE’s mathematical formalization; allowing for a more comprehensive portrayal of economy-ecology configurations.
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Zhai, Tianlin, Jing Wang, Ying Fang, Longyang Huang, Jingjing Liu, and Chenchen Zhao. "Integrating Ecosystem Services Supply, Demand and Flow in Ecological Compensation: A Case Study of Carbon Sequestration Services." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041668.
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Through the implementation of ecological compensation policy, it is of great significance to protect ecosystems, coordinate regional development, and achieve sustainable development goals. This study selected the carbon sequestration service in Yantai as an example and carried out a study on the measurement of ecological compensation based on the ecosystem services supply and demand. Moreover, this study clarified the whole process of the generation, circulation and social demand docking of ecological benefits from the perspective of “nature-society”, proposed a spatial flow characterization method for carbon sequestration services, and described the “externality” spillover of ecosystem services. The results showed that most areas of Yantai belonged to the ecological surplus area, which were important sources of carbon sequestration services. Ecological compensation was needed, with a total amount of about 2.2 billion yuan. Qixia, Muping and Penglai had greater comparative ecological radiation force (CERF), and the total amount of carbon sequestration services transferred to the external areas was large. Although the carbon sequestration flows of Yantai showed a spatial decay law, there were significant differences in the direction of different districts and cities. The study can provide a reference for achieving sustainable development of Yantai and formulating ecological compensation policy.
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Małek, Arkadiusz, Jacek Caban, and Łukasz Wojciechowski. "Charging electric cars as a way to increase the use of energy produced from RES." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (March 8, 2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0009.
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AbstractThe article contains an analysis of charging electric cars as a way to increase the use of energy produced from a photovoltaic system. A photovoltaic system is described, consisting of two micro installations, with a power output of up to 40 kWp each, supplying two sectors of the building of the Lublin Science and Technology Park. An internet platform for monitoring the operation of a photovoltaic system is presented. Next, an innovative system for monitoring, consumption and production analysis of electric energy in individual building sectors is described. A surplus of energy produced in one of the sectors was found. It was proposed that this excess energy would be used to charge electric vehicles. An analysis of the surplus power generated by the photovoltaic system in excess of the energy consumed by the building sector was used to determine the power available to the wall charger. The surplus of energy produced was used for calculations related to the amount of charging the electric vehicle required and the cost of traveling 100 km. Charging an electric car not only provides a faster return on investment in the installation, but also presents drivers with a very ecological and economical transport solution.
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Joshi, Chetan. "A Review on EcoSan (Ecological Sanitation)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 20, 2021): 1806–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36687.
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In today’s world about 2.4billion people from urban and rural areas do not have suitable access to sanitation services. In upcoming 20 years, it is estimated that a surplus of 2 billion will get migrated to urban areas, probably in developing countries, necessitating sanitation. Still greater than 90% of sewage in developing countries is discharged unprocessed polluting water bodies. Traditional sanitation ideas are neither ecofriendly nor cost-effective for developing countries. Ecological Sanitation (EcoSan) is a sanitation system having a cycle of sustainable closed-loop system, which winds up the breach between sanitation and agriculture. The EcoSan technique is resource minded and characterize a universal approach towards ecofriendly and economically healthy sanitation. The primary goal is to close water and nutrient cycle with minimum expenses on energy and material to subsidize a sustainable development. Human excreta is treated as resource and are generally handled on-site and treated off-site. The nutrient contents in excreta are reutilized by using them in agriculture. EcoSan is a complete methodology. Single practices are only measures to termination and may range from near-natural wastewater treatment techniques to compost toilets, uncomplicated domestic installations to complex, mainly decentralized systems. These technologies are not ecofriendly but only in relation with witnessed environment. They are chosen from complete range of available conventional, traditional and modern techniques merging them to EcoSan system.
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Liang, Dongzhe, Hongwei Lu, Liyang Feng, Lihua Qiu, and Li He. "Assessment of the Sustainable Utilization Level of Water Resources in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area Based on a Three-Dimensional Water Ecological Footprint Model." Water 13, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 3505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243505.
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The shortage and overexploitation of water resources restrict the sustainable development of metropolitan areas. To evaluate the sustainable utilization level of water resources, we identified the occupancy of natural capital stock and the consumption of natural capital flow by water resources consumption and analyzed the factors influencing water resources consumption in metropolitan area development. We took the Wuhan Metropolitan Area in China from 2010 to 2019 as the research object and introduced footprint depth and size, the water ecological footprint (WEF) model was expanded into the three-dimensional WEF model. Based on this model, an evaluation system for the sustainable utilization level of water resources was constructed with five indices—water ecological deficit, water ecological surplus, water ecological pressure, WEF depth, and WEF size. Finally, the driving factors of WEF change were analyzed using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index. The evaluation of the sustainable utilization level of water resources showed that the Wuhan Metropolitan Area as a whole experienced water ecological surplus from 2010 to 2019, but there were different degrees of water ecological deficit in its inner urban areas, and the most serious cumulative deficit was 5.02 ha/cap in Ezhou. In 2011 and 2019, the sustainable utilization level of water resources in the metropolitan area reached a relatively unsustainable state. Xianning was the urban area with the most sustainable utilization level of water resources. During the study period, the metropolitan area did not occupy the natural capital stock of water resources, and the natural capital flow of water resources in the inner urban areas could meet the demand of the current consumption of the region in 2010 and 2016. The analysis of the driving factors of WEF change showed that economic development effect and population pressure effect had a positive driving effect on WEF change, while WEF intensity effect and water resources carrying capacity effect had the opposite effect. Finally, according to the research results, it can be seen that improving the efficiency of water resources utilization, protecting the natural capital stock of water resources, realizing differentiated regional development through the market economy and developing water policy can be helpful to improve the level of sustainable water resources utilization.
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Young, Kyle A. "Managing the decline of Pacific salmon: metapopulation theory and artificial recolonization as ecological mitigation." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 1700–1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-113.
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Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Pacific Northwest of North America have suffered regional declines and local extinctions primarily because of freshwater habitat destruction and overexploitation by fisheries. Management efforts to reverse this trend have correctly focused on habitat restoration and enhancement and stricter regulation of fisheries. Metapopulation theory and the ecology of the genus suggest that the addition of management efforts that artificially increase the rate of colonization of presently unoccupied habitats may promote the recovery and persistence of Pacific salmon in an ecologically realistic way. Such programs are conceptually and operationally different from traditional stock transfer and enhancement programs, which aimed to maintain a harvestable surplus of salmon in the face of habitat destruction and overfishing. I argue that artificial recolonization programs should be viewed as ecological mitigation, aimed at hastening the return of natural demographic and evolutionary processes, and hope here to promote an open discussion of their merits and risks as such.
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Liu, Yunlong, Leiyu Chen, and Chengfeng Huang. "A Tripartite Evolutionary Game and Simulation Analysis of Transportation Carbon Emission Reduction across Regions under Government Reward and Punishment Mechanism." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 10562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710562.
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Pollution and carbon reduction is a key strategic direction for ecological civilization in China, and a hot issue of concern for the government and the whole society. The main goal of this paper was to consider the regional externalities of traffic emissions and clarify the relationship between provincial and central government strategies under the government reward and punishment mechanism. This paper considers the unevenness of regional transportation emissions, constructs a three-party evolutionary game model among transportation carbon deficit provinces, transportation carbon surplus provinces, and the central government, discusses the evolutionary stability of the game under different strategies of the three parties, and analyzes the influence of each element on the game structure. The study shows that: Environmental losses can increase the evolutionary speed of active emission reduction in transportation carbon deficit provinces, and the probability of supporting cross-regional carbon emission reduction in transportation carbon surplus provinces decreases slightly with the increase and the probability of central government regulation increases. The central government has a certain binding effect on transportation carbon deficit provinces and carbon surplus provinces through fines, and cross-zone cooperation subsidies are conducive to promoting carbon deficit provinces to actively reduce emissions. The cross-region compensation of carbon deficit provinces can promote the governments of carbon surplus provinces to support cross-region carbon emission abatement, and the cost of regulation will reduce the probability of central government regulation. Finally, Matlab simulation is used to verify the conclusions and provide countermeasures and suggestions for cross-regional abatement of regional transportation emissions by the central government.
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Rojas, Carlos. "A Surplus of Fish: Language, Literature, and Cultural Ecologies in Ng Kim Chew’s Fiction." International Journal of Taiwan Studies 4, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24688800-20201150.
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Abstract This essay uses an examination of intertwined thematics of fish and text in the fiction of the ethnically Malaysian Chinese author Ng Kim Chew in order to reflect on a broader set of ecological concerns, including issues relating to the natural ecology of the Southeast Asian regions depicted in Ng’s works, together with the overlapping literary ecosystems within which his works are embedded. In particular, the essay is concerned with the ways in which Ng’s fiction reflects on the relationship between the field of Southeast Asian Sinophone literature and the partially overlapping ecosystem of world literature.
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Halstead, Paul. "Farming and feasting in the Neolithic of Greece: the ecological context of fighting with food." Documenta Praehistorica 31 (December 31, 2004): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.31.11.
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Fine Neolithic ceramics from Greece are widely interpreted in terms of ceremonial eating and drinking, while the spatial organisation of settlement suggests that such commensality played a significant role in shaping social relationships. Faunal evidence implies consumption of many domestic animals inlarge-scale commensality and supports the view that this promoted competition as well as solidarity. This paper explores the ecological context of such 'fighting with food'. Feasting, and ceremonial consumption of livestock, was enabled by and helped to reinforce domestic strategies of surplus production and labour mobilisation that were driven as much by 'economic' as 'political' imperatives.
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Farinella, Domenica, and Giulia Simula. "Land, sheep, and market: how dependency on global commodity chains changed relations between pastoralists and nature." Relaciones Internacionales, no. 47 (June 28, 2021): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2021.47.005.
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In this article, we present a historical analysis on how Sardinian pastoralism has become an integrated activity in global capitalism, oriented to the production of cheap milk, through the extraction of ecological surplus from the exploitation of nature and labour. Pastoralism has often been looked at as a marginal and traditional activity. On the contrary, our objective is to stress the central role played by pastoralism in the capitalist world-ecology. Since there is currently little work analysing the historical development of pastoralism in a concrete agro-ecological setting from a world-ecology perspective, we want to contribute to the development of the literature by analysing the concrete case of Sardinian pastoralism. To do so, we will use the analytical framework of world-ecology to analyse the historical dialectic of capital accumulation and the production of nature through which pastoralism -understood as a socio-cultural system that organises nature-society relations for the reproduction of local rural societies- became an activity trapped in the production of market commodities and cheap food exploiting human (labour) and extra-human factors (e.g. land, water, environment, animals etc.). Looking at the exploitation of extra-human factors, the concept of ecological surplus allows us to understand how capital accumulation and surplus was possible thanks to the exploitation of nature, or rather the creation of cheap nature and chap inputs for the production of cheap commodities. We analyse historical pastoralism to understand how geopolitical configurations of global capitalism interact with the national and local scales to change pastoral production, nature and labour relations. We will pay particular attention to the role of land and the relationship between pastoralists and animals. The article is based on secondary data, historical material and primary data collected from 2012 to 2020 through qualitative interviews and ethnographic research. We identify four main cycles of agro-ecological transformation to explore the interactions between waves of historical capitalist expansion and changes in the exploitation of agroecological factors. The first two phases will be explored in the first section of the paper: the mercantilist phase during the modern era and the commodification of pastoralist products, which extend from the nineteenth century to the Second World War. In the mercantilist phase, the expansion of pastoralism finds its external limits in the trend of international demand (influenced by international trade policies that may favour or hinder exports) and its internal limits in the competition/complementarity with agriculture for the available land that results in a transhumant model of pastoralism. In this phase, the ecological surplus needed for capitalist accumulation is produced by nature as a gift, or nature for free, which results in the possibility of producing milk at a very low cost by exploiting the natural pasture of the open fields. The second cycle, “the commodification of pastoralist products”, started at the end of the nineteenth century, with the introduction on the island of the industrial processing of Pecorino Romano cheese, and which was increasingly in demand in the North American market. This pushed pastoralism towards a strong commodification. Shepherds stopped processing cheese on-farm and became producers of cheap milk for the Pecorino Romano processing industry. Industrialists control the distribution channels and therefore the price of milk. Moreover, following the partial privatisation of land and high rent prices, shepherds progressively lose the ecological surplus that was guaranteed by free land and natural grazing, key to lower production costs and to counterbalance the unequal distribution of wealth within the chain. At the beginning of the twentieth century, although the market for Pecorino Romano was growing, these contradictions emerged and the unfair redistribution of profits within the chain (which benefited industrialists, middlemen and landowners to the detriment of shepherds) led to numerous protests and the birth of shepherds' cooperatives. The second section of the paper will explore the third agro-ecological phase: the rise of the “monoculture of sheep-raising” through the modernisation policies (from the fifties until 1990s). The protests that affected the inland areas of Sardinia, as well as the increase in banditry, signal the impossibility of continuing to guarantee cheap nature and cheap labour, which are at the basis of the mechanism of capitalist accumulation. On the basis of these pressures, the 1970s witnessed a profound transformation that opened a new cycle of accumulation: laws favouring the purchase of land led to the sedenterization of pastoralism, while agricultural modernisation policies pushed towards the rationalisation of the farm. Land improvements and technological innovations (such as the milking machine and the purchase of agricultural machinery) led to the beginning of the “monoculture of sheep raising”: a phase of intensification in the exploitation of nature and the extraction of ecological surplus. This includes a great increase of the number of sheep per unit of agricultural area, thanks to the cultivated pasture replacing natural grazing and the production and purchase of stock and feed. Subsidised agricultural modernisation and sedentarisation can once again "sustain" the cost of cheap milk that is the basis of the industrial dairy chain. However, agricultural modernisation results in the further commodification of pastoralism, which becomes increasingly dependent on the upstream and downstream market, making pastoralists less autonomous. Moreover, given the impossibility of further expanding the herd, the productivity need of keeping low milk production costs has to be achieved through an increase in the average production per head. Therefore, there are higher investments in genetic selection to increase breed productivity, higher investments to improve animal feeding and a more intensive animal exploitation to increase productivity. These production strategies imply higher farm costs. In this context, the fourth phase, the neoliberal phase (analysed in the third section of the paper) broke out in Sardinia in the mid-1990s. With the end of export subsidies and the opening of the new large-scale retail channel in which producers are completely subordinate, it starts a period of increased volatility in the price of milk. In order to counter income erosion and achieve the productivity gains needed to continue producing cheap milk, pastoralists have intensified the exploitation of both human (labour) and non-human (nature) factors, with contradictory effects. In the case of nature, the intensive exploitation of land through monocultural crops has reduced biodiversity and impoverished the soil. In the case of labour, pastoralists have intensified the levels of self-exploitation and free family labour to extreme levels and have also resorted to cheaply paid foreign labourers. Throughout the paper, we reconstruct the path towards the production of "cheap milk" in Sardinia, processed mainly into pecorino romano for international export. We argue that the production of ecological surplus through the exploitation of nature and labour has been central to capital accumulation and to the unfolding of the capitalist world ecology. However, we have reached a point of crisis where pastoralists are trapped between rising costs and eroding revenues. Further exploitation of human (cheap labour) and extra-human (nature and animals) factors is becoming unsustainable for the great majority, leading to a polarization between pastoralists who push towards further intensification and mechanisation and pastoralists who increasingly de-commodify to build greater autonomy.
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McCool, Weston C., Kenneth B. Vernon, Peter M. Yaworsky, and Brian F. Codding. "Subsistence strategy mediates ecological drivers of human violence." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): e0268257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268257.
Full textAbstract:
Inter-personal violence (whether intra- or inter-group) is a pervasive yet highly variable human behavior. Evolutionary anthropologists suggest that the abundance and distribution of resources play an important role in influencing differences in rates of violence, with implications for how resource conditions structure adaptive payoffs. Here, we assess whether differences in large-scale ecological conditions explain variability in levels of inter-personal human violence. Model results reveal a significant relationship between resource conditions and violence that is mediated by subsistence economy. Specifically, we find that interpersonal violence is highest: (1) among foragers and mixed forager/farmers (horticulturalists) in productive, homogeneous environments, and (2) among agriculturalists in unproductive, heterogeneous environments. We argue that the trend reversal between foragers and agriculturalists represents differing competitive pathways to enhanced reproductive success. These alternative pathways may be driven by features of subsistence (i.e., surplus, storage, mobility, privatization), in which foragers use violence to directly acquire fitness-linked social payoffs (i.e., status, mating opportunities, alliances), and agriculturalists use violence to acquire material resources that can be transformed into social payoffs. We suggest that as societies transition from immediate return economies (e.g., foragers) to delayed return economies (e.g., agriculturalists) material resources become an increasingly important adaptive payoff for inter-personal, especially inter-group, violence.
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Guo, Shanshan, Yinghong Wang, Huping Hou, Changyue Wu, Jing Yang, Wei He, and Lan Xiang. "Natural Capital Evolution and Driving Forces in Energy-Rich and Ecologically Fragile Regions: A Case Study of Ningxia Province, China." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020562.
Full textAbstract:
Ningxia Province is rich in energy but fragile in ecology. How to coordinate sustainable utilization of natural capital and the fragile ecological environment is a significant guarantee for social-economic development. This study uses the improved three-dimensional ecological footprint to characterize the utilization status of natural capital flows and stocks in Ningxia Province from 2004 to 2017. Additionally, the driving factors behind changes in the natural capital stock are revealed by the partial least squares method (PLS). The results are as follows: (1) From 2004 to 2017, ecological footprint increased rapidly in Ningxia Province at an annual rate of 4.52%, resulting in a increase of the ecological deficit from 1.64 to 3.85 gha/cap at an annual rate of 6.8%, among which, Yinchuan city and Shizuishan city had the largest ecological deficit, while Guyuan city basically maintained ecological surplus. The fossil energy land and cropland were the main components of ecological footprint. (2) The consumption of capital stock in Ningxia Province continued to grow at an annual rate of 3.12%, from a value of 2.28 times overusing the existing area in 2004, increasing to 3.41 times in 2017. While the EF size increased slightly with an annual rate of 1.95%. The capital stock consumption was concentrated in Yinchuan and Shizuishan, and the capital flow consumption was concentrated in Wuzhong, Guyuan, and Zhongwei. (3) The capital flows of forest land and built-up land basically meet consumption demand, while the capital stock occupation of grassland, water and fossil energy land was serious. By 2017, the capital flow of cropland could basically satisfy people’s consumption demand. (4) The urbanization rate, GDP, the secondary industry output value and per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents were the main influence factors on the natural capital stock consumption. These findings not only are of real significance in promoting the coordinated development between economy and natural capital utilization in Ningxia Province but also have policy implications in improving the utilization efficiency of natural capital in energy-rich ecologically fragile regions.
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Wang, Ye-Ning, Qiang Zhou, and Hao-Wei Wang. "Assessing Ecological Carrying Capacity in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Based on a Three-Dimensional Ecological Footprint Model." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 9705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229705.
Full textAbstract:
As one of the most developed and competitive metropolitan areas in the world, the contradiction between resource depletion and sustainable development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GHMGBA) has become a crucial issue nowadays. This paper analyzed the natural capital utilization patterns in GHMGBA during 2009–2016 based on a three-dimensional ecological footprint model. Ecological carrying capacity intensity (ECintensity) was calculated to optimize the accounting of ecological carrying capacity (EC). Ecological footprint depth (EFdepth) and ECintensity were quantitatively investigated and influencing factors were further explored based on a partial least squares (PLS) model. Results showed that GHMGBA had been operating in a deficit state due to the shortage of natural capital flow and accumulated stock depletion. The highest EFdepth occurred in Macao (17.11~26.21) and Zhongshan registering the lowest (2.42~3.58). Cropland, fossil energy and construction land constituted the most to total ecological deficit, while woodland was continuously in a slight surplus. Natural capital utilization patterns of 11 cities were divided into four categories through hierarchical clustering analysis. Driving factors of EFdepth, ECintensity and three-dimensional ecological deficit (ED3D) were mainly students in primary and secondary education, disposable income, consumption expenditure, R&D personnel and freight volume. Our findings could provide guidance for decision-makers to develop resource utilization portfolios in GHMGBA.
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Zhang, Junfeng, Anlu Zhang, and Min Song. "Ecological Benefit Spillover and Ecological Financial Transfer of Cultivated Land Protection in River Basins: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 7085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177085.
Full textAbstract:
The ecological benefit of cultivated land is the non-market value or ecological service value created by cultivated land protection. Based on the trinity concept of comprehensive protection of quantity, quality, and ecology of cultivated land, this study calculates the ecological benefits of cultivated land protection in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Through the theory of ecological supply and demand balance, the study estimated the ecological benefit spillover of cultivated land protection in the basin. The amounts and paths of ecological financial transfers for cultivated land are then examined by balancing the protection responsibilities and financial power of cultivated land. We found that overall the ecological benefits of cultivated land protection in the Yangtze River Economic Belt increased, reaching 773.224 billion RMB in 2017. Therein the upper, middle, and lower reaches compose 20.81%, 53.89%, and 25.30% of the ecological benefits. There are significant differences in the ecological benefits, respectively. There are significant differences in the ecological benefits and their variations of cultivated land within the River Basins. The ecological benefits of cultivated land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt demonstrated spatial spillovers within and between the upper, middle, and lower reaches. The middle reaches of the economic belt are the main ecological surplus areas of cultivated land. The ecological deficit areas of cultivated land are mainly distributed in the lower reaches. The spillover effect of the ecological benefits is evident between provinces. The increase of regional economy and ecological compensation policy for cultivated land can effectively stimulate the ecological benefits whereas the pressure of cultivated land protection and power spillovers are adverse to cultivated land ecological protection. The vertical and horizontal fiscal transfers in 2017 respectively amounted to 230.14 billion RMB and 27.24 billion RMB. Particularly, the upper, middle, and lower reaches received 13.07%, 58.41% and 28.52% of the ecological fiscal transfers, respectively. It is important to strengthen spatial spillovers and improve the horizontal and vertical ecological fiscal transfers for protecting ecology of cultivated land.