Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ecological risk assessment Philippines'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Ecological risk assessment Philippines.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Ecological risk assessment Philippines.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Davis, Ryan Scott. "An ecological risk assessment for mosquito insecticides." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/davis/DavisR0507.pdf.
Full text
2
Hazlerigg, Charles Rupert Edward. "Fish population ecology and ecological risk assessment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9678.
Full textAbstract:
Density-dependent processes are crucial in the regulation of fish populations and strongly influence their resilience to exploitation and exposure to toxic chemicals. Multiple density-dependent processes occur at different stages in the life-cycle of fish, and a general pattern of such processes in the ontogeny of fish has been suggested but not clearly demonstrated in natural populations. This thesis aimed to provide a detailed experimental assessment of density-dependent processes through the entire life-cycle, using laboratory and semi-natural populations of zebrafish, Danio rerio, and to explore the implications of these processes for the ecological risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals using an individual-based population model. Results clearly demonstrate the importance of density-dependent mortality in the early juvenile life-stage and density-dependent growth in the late juvenile and adult life-stages consistent with evidence from wild populations of much larger wild species, suggesting the existence of general ontogenetic patterns of density dependence that are invariant to maximum size. Patterns of density dependence found in populations of zebrafish under semi-natural conditions in Bangladesh were similar to those observed in the laboratory, except that the absolute strength of density dependence was higher and consequently, carrying capacity lower, by about two orders of magnitude in the semi-natural populations. A conclusion from these studies is that these patterns of density dependence are applicable generally across the teleost taxa due to developmental similarities. The population model incorporating these patterns of density dependence showed that density dependence compensated for reasonably high levels of disruption for many individual-level endpoints currently used in risk assessment, including fecundity and sex ratio. This indicates that current risk assessment practices are highly conservative and the inclusion of population models such as developed here for zebrafish, could enhance the scientific basis and ecological realism of laboratory derived data used in risk analysis.
3
Pokhrel, Lok R., and Phillip R. Scheuerman. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2962.
Full text
4
Pokhrel, Lok R., Brajesh Dubey, and Phillip R. Scheuerman. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2951.
Full text
5
Chen, Limei. "Nonparametric assessment of safety levels in ecological risk assessment (ERA)." FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2135.
Full textAbstract:
In ecological risk assessment (ERA), it is important to know whether the exposure that animal species receive from a chemical concentration exceeds the desired safety level. This study examined several statistical methods currently being used in ecological risk assessment and reviewed several statistical procedures related to this subject in the literature. Two large sample nonparametric tests were developed for this study. Monte Carlo study showed that these tests performed well even when the sample size was moderately large. A real data set was used to show that the new methodologies provide a good method for assessing the potential risks of pesticides residues at an investigated site.
6
Whittle, Don. "Stream mesocosms in ecological risk assessment : experimental, analytical and ecological considerations." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339940.
Full text
7
Hayes, Keith Robert. "Quantitive ecological risk assessment a ballast-water case study." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1230.
Full text
8
Ip, Tsz-kin Derek. "Ecological risk assessments for marine mammals in Hong Kong." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37120694.
Full text
9
Oliveira, Paulo Alexandre da Silva. "Ecological risk assessment of pesticides in maize and tomato crops." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17946.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Proteção das plantas - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaFoi realizado um estudo das comunidades de zooplâncton presentes na água de irrigação das culturas de milho e tomate em condições mediterrâneas portuguesas, a fim de vincular possíveis relações entre a exposição a pesticidas e as respostas biológicas. Este trabalho é uma contribuição para melhorar a relevância ecológica da Avaliação do Risco Ambiental de Pesticidas. Um total de 37 espécies de rotiferos e 2 famílias de cladóceros foram identificadas. Os principais componentes do zooplâncton em todos os locais de amostragem foram nauplios e rotíferos que parecem ser menos afetados pelos pesticidas. A concentração de 12 ug / l de clorpirifos reduz o número de macrozooplâncton, permitindo o aumento das densidades de rotiferos. Valores de 3,5-4,7 ug / l de clorantrinaprole e 0,96 ug / l de metribuzina parecem afetar negativamente o tamanho da comunidade de copépodos. As comunidades de Cladóceros e Ostracodes parecem diminuir quando os valores do glifosato estão na faixa de 2,3-3,9 ug / l. Os valores de glifosato (0,66 ug / l), Ampa (0,88 ug / l) e Fosfato (2,38 mg / l) parecem estar ligados a valores mais baixos de índice de riqueza de espécies
N/A
10
DUARTE, Heitor de Oliveira. "A methodology for quantitative ecological risk assessment for industrial accidents." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5960.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:42:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
arquivo7684_1.pdf: 3197582 bytes, checksum: e9a5a1df323907fb05bb3c1b206c2fd5 (MD5)
license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Recentes acidentes industriais, como vazamentos tóxicos, têm causado danos catastróficos ao meio ecológico (i.e. plantas e animais), de modo que um método efetivo para analisar riscos ecológicos tem sido demandado. Em primeiro lugar, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma metodologia capaz de quantificar riscos ecológicos inerentes a eventos raros como acidentes industriais. Utiliza-se a modelagem populacional para simular futuras mudanças na abundância populacional de espécies-chave em risco e, assim, estimar a probabilidade de extinção ou declínio, tempo para extinção e outras medidas, para cada cenário acidental. Assim, foi possível desenvolver uma abordagem que combina os danos ecológicos (previstos através da modelagem populacional) com a frequência de ocorrência do cenário acidental (estimada através de dados históricos e análise de confiabilidade). O resultado é uma curva de risco FN (similar ao resultado de uma análise de risco a humanos), onde N é o declínio populacional médio e F a frequência acumulada de acidentes com declínio maior ou igual a N. Em segundo lugar, o trabalho apresenta uma aplicação da metodologia para quantificar os riscos ecológicos provenientes de acidentes associados ao transporte e manuseio de petróleo que abastece uma refinaria no Complexo Industrial Portuário de Suape-PE, no Nordeste do Brasil. Esta instalação está localizada próxima a um rico ecossistema aquático de alta biodiversidade. A população de uma espécie nativa foi estrategicamente escolhida para representar o ecossistema, alguns cenários de derramamento de petróleo foram simulados e suas frequências de ocorrência estimadas. Para cada cenário acidental, a concentração de óleo que atinge a população foi prevista via modelagem de destino e transporte. Os riscos ecológicos foram quantificados e apresentados em uma curva FN. Uma análise de sensibilidade foi feita para explorar como mudanças em parâmetros específicos causam mudanças nas medidas de risco. Além disso, a incerteza foi medida como um intervalo (limite superior e inferior) para as medidas de riscos com base em cenários pessimistas e otimistas. Finalmente, a metodologia mostrou-se viável, eficiente, conveniente e flexível, apesar de que algumas melhorias ainda podem ser feitas e estas foram propostas para trabalhos futuros
11
Silva, Emília Cardoso Moura da. "Approaches to improve the ecological risk assessment of pesticides in freshwaters." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9255.
Full textAbstract:
Doutoramento em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaOne of the most important ways of improving agricultural production is the use of plant protection products. As this type of pesticides is used within the catchment area of freshwaters there is a potential for side-effects to occur in aquatic ecosystems. New challenges for risk assessment were addressed to achieve good chemical and ecological status in European water bodies. Site-specific and ecologically-based approaches were developed and applied to three important Portuguese river basins. Better criteria for the assessment of the ecological and chemical status of water bodies was provided by calculating groundwater threshold values for pesticides and by focusing on river basin specific pollutants. A list of priority pesticide mixtures that might pose aquatic risks was obtained by employing risk quotients based on concentration addition as a ‘screening level’ risk assessment of pesticide mixtures, and the multi-substance potentially affected fraction, representing a higher tier, with more practical usefulness and relevancy for risk management. For an integrated assessment of pesticide stress in freshwaters, and moving toward a more holistic approach, chemical analysis were used in combination with effect-based tools, in order to provide a link between chemical and ecological assessments. The results contribute for reducing the risks of pesticides in freshwaters
FCT
12
Su, Yang. "Development of an Ecological Risk Assessment Tool for Trace Organic Compounds." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1428653300.
Full text
13
Subida, Ronald Dollete. "Environmental health risk assessment of particulate air pollution and mortality in metropolitan Manila, Philippines." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2004. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682322/.
Full textAbstract:
Key Words: Metropolitan Manila, Environmental Health Risk Assessment, Life Expectancy, Age, Educational Level, Particulate Air Pollution, PM10 Background and Objectives: Metropolitan Manila is considered a Mega-City with approximately 10 million people as of 1995. Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, environmental health problems including air pollution have become very prominent. In this study, the potential magnitude of environmental health inequalities with particular reference to particulate air pollution in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines has been assessed in terms of mortality by adapting the risk assessment method. Utilizing various indicators of mortality such as life expectancy and years of life lost, modification of the chronic health impact by markers of population heterogeneity particularly age and educational attainment has been explored In addition, the impact of various pollution reduction scenarios were evaluated. Methodology: Published Environmental Health Risk Assessment methods were adapted and applied for estimating chronic mortality effects of PM10 pollution in the city of Metropolitan Manila. Pooled estimates derived from the exposure-response coefficients of the two US longitudinal epidemiological studies on PM10 and chronic mortality were used primarily. These pooled estimates which signify increases in mortality with incremental increase in PM10 were applied to the indicators of mortality. Hence, the methodology involved a life table approach using age-specific mortality rates from Metropolitan Manila in 1995. Annual averages of PM10 for the whole of Metropolitan Manila and for the cities within were also used. Life expectancies using two pollution reduction scenarios were compared with the 1995 life table to determine pollution reduction benefits. All causes and cardio-respiratory causes of deaths were evaluated. Apart from gains in life expectancy, other effect measures such as years of life loss and number of deaths were also assessed. Findings: Health impact as a result of particulate pollution reduction by 10 μg/m3 resulted in gains in life expectancies of approximately five months for both males and females. Inclusion of effects on the elderly in the model did not make much of a difference in terms of life expectancy gains. However, with the addition of the effects on infants in the model and retaining the effects on adults and the elderly, life expectancy gains, years of life lost and attributable deaths increased. Life expectancy gains were also estimated to be more for the low education level as compared to the middle and high education levels. The overall life expectancy gains for a reduction to the international annual guideline of 50 μg/m3 PM10 scenario were 2.22 years for males and 1.88 years for females. By educational level, the life expectancy gains at age 25 years old in the same pollution reduction scenario, range from 0.74 years for males and 0.59 years for females in the high educational level to more than four years for males and more than three and half years for females in the low educational level. Improvements in the cardio-respiratory causes of death alone contributed most to the life expectancy gains. The estimates that resulted from this assessment were found to be sensitive to the exposure-response coefficients used, the exposure reduction scenarios, the measures of heterogeneity (particularly age and educational level), baseline rates and the time period of effect. In addition, geographic differences in gains in life expectancy within Metropolitan Manila were like wise assessed. Higher gains in life expectancy were seen in the cities in the north where pollution levels are also greater than in the cities in the south. Implication: The air pollution studies have found relatively small exposure response coefficients. However, the impact on public health is quite substantial and relevant to prioritising intervention to control air pollution. The results in this study could be used in several aspects of public policy as discussed in the thesis. These results were presented to decision-makers in the government and the responses summarised.
14
Ip, Tsz-kin Derek, and 葉子健. "Ecological risk assessments for marine mammals in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39849132.
Full text
15
Sinnett, Danielle. "Application of ecological risk assessment to community greenspace establishment on contaminated land." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525132.
Full text
16
DUARTE, Heitor de Oliveira. "A novel quantitative ecological and microbial risk assessment methodology: theory and applications." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17633.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-05T15:07:47Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
20160404 Tese final Duarte catalogada formato digital.pdf: 4026733 bytes, checksum: d6ac5259ffcea51116ee53e1ba8c164a (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T15:07:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 20160404 Tese final Duarte catalogada formato digital.pdf: 4026733 bytes, checksum: d6ac5259ffcea51116ee53e1ba8c164a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18
CNPq
The environment is a complex system where human, ecological environment (e.g., plants, animals, microbes), materials (eg, pollutants, medical), and meteorological/oceanographic conditions interact. The human impact has potential to cause significant damage to the ecological environment (e.g., potential oil spills on the coast cause risk to coastal ecosystems, tuna industrial fishing cause risk to sharks that are bycaught). Similarly, the human impact may turn against the human itself by favoring the growth of populations of unwanted species (e.g., poor sanitation favors the growth of microbial populations that cause risk of an excessive proportion of sick humans). Therefore, it has been demanded an efficient method of quantifying the risks in systems where plant, animals or microbes populations are involved in order to give support to risk management in environmental issues, fisheries management and public health. First, this paper proposes a methodology capable of quantifying ecological risks (i.e., likelihood of adverse effects on the ecosystem, in the long term, due to exposure to stressors such as chemical, fishing, etc.) or microbial risks (i.e., likelihood of adverse effects in humans, in the long term, due to exposure to microbial pathogens). It uses population modeling to simulate future changes in populations of ecologically important species (e.g., fish, corals, sharks), or undesirable (e.g., parasites), under conditional scenarios simulating the influence humans impacting and/or managing the risks. The risk is calculated in terms of probability of extinction or decline, explosion or growth of these populations over time. Second, the methodology is applied to four case studies in Brazil. Each of them have their specific conclusions, as follows. (1) Ecological Risk Assessment caused by potential maritime accidents in the transportation of oil to the port of Suape. Conclusion: low but significant ecological risk. (2) Ecological Risk Assessment caused by potential maritime accidents in the passage of oil tankers nearby Fernando de Noronha. Conclusion: negligible ecological risk, although a more detailed analysis is required due to limited data. (3) Microbial Risk Assessment to Porto de Galinhas community inherent to sanitation and medical treatment program. Conclusion: high microbial risk, the current sanitation level is not enough to contain the spread of schistosomiasis disease, and periodic treatment of patients is not efficient to reduce risks significantly. (4) Ecological Risk Assessment of tuna industrial fishing in Brazilian waters. Conclusion: industrial tuna fishing does not cause significant risks to the population of Mako sharks in the South Atlantic Ocean. In each case study, several conditional scenarios were simulated for the next 100 years, including adverse scenarios and scenarios with risk control measures. Thus, it was possible to quantify the added risk caused by each adverse condition as well as the reduced risk caused by each control measure. In this way, the manager has objective information to prioritize scenarios and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of control measures. The general conclusion of this work is that the proposed methodology has proven to be practicable, useful and efficient.
O meio-ambiente é um sistema complexo onde interagem humanos, meio ecológico (e.g., plantas, animais, micróbios), materiais (e.g., poluentes, medicinais) e condições meteorológicas/oceanográficas. O impacto humano tem potencial para causar danos significativos ao meio ecológico (e.g., potenciais vazamentos de petróleo na costa causam risco ao ecossistema costeiro, pesca industrial de atum causa risco aos tubarões que são pescados por acidente). Similarmente, o impacto humano pode se voltar contra o próprio humano ao favorecer o crescimento de populações de espécies indesejáveis (e.g., saneamento básico precário favorece o crescimento de populações de micróbios que causam risco de haver uma excessiva parcela de humanos doentes). Portanto, tem sido demandado um método eficiente de quantificar os riscos inerentes a sistemas onde populações de plantas, animais ou micróbios estejam envolvidas, de forma a dar suporte para o gerenciamento dos riscos em problemas de gestão ambiental, gestão pesqueira e saúde pública. Em primeiro lugar, este trabalho propõe uma metodologia capaz de quantificar riscos ecológicos (i.e., probabilidade de ocorrência de efeitos adversos no ecossistema, no longo prazo, devido à exposição a estressores como químicos, pesca, entre outros) ou microbianos (i.e., probabilidade de ocorrência de efeitos adversos em humanos, no longo prazo, devido à exposição a patógenos microbianos). Utilizase a modelagem populacional para simular futuras mudanças nas populações de espécies ecologicamente importantes (e.g., peixes, corais), ou indesejáveis (e.g., parasitas), quando condicionadas a cenários que simulam a influência do humano causando impacto e/ou gerindo os riscos. O risco é calculado em termos de probabilidade de extinção ou declínio, explosão ou crescimento, dessas populações ao longo do tempo. Em segundo lugar, aplica-se a metodologia para avaliar o risco inerente a quatro estudos de caso no Brasil. Cada um deles tem sua conclusão específica, como segue. (1) Análise de Risco Ecológico causado por potenciais acidentes marítimos no transporte de petróleo para o porto de Suape. Conclusão: baixo risco ecológico, porém significativo. (2) Análise de Risco Ecológico causado por potenciais acidentes marítimos na passagem de navios petroleiros ao largo de Fernando de Noronha. Conclusão: risco ecológico negligenciável, mas uma análise mais detalhada é necessária devido à escassez de dados. (3) Análise de Risco Microbiano à comunidade de Porto de Galinhas inerentes ao sistema de saneamento básico e programa de tratamento medicinal. Conclusão: alto risco microbiano, o nível de saneamento básico atual não é suficiente para conter a proliferação da doença esquistossomose, e o tratamento periódico de doentes não é eficiente para reduzir os riscos significativamente. (4) Análise de Risco Ecológico causado pela pesca industrial de atum em águas brasileiras. Conclusão: a pesca industrial de atuns não causa riscos significativos à população de tubarões Mako no oceano Atlântico Sul. Em cada estudo de caso, foram simulados diversos cenários condicionais para os próximos 100 anos, incluindo cenários adversos e cenários com medidas de controle dos riscos. Assim, foi possível quantificar a adição do risco causada por cada cenário adverso e a redução do risco causada por cada medida de controle. Desta forma, o gestor tem informação objetiva para priorizar cenários e avaliar o custo-benefício das medidas de controle. A principal conclusão deste trabalho é que a metodologia proposta provou-se ser praticável, útil e eficiente.
17
Sanchez, André Luís. "Ecological risk assessment in pesticide contamination scenarios: from individuals to ecosystems responses." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-06102016-101708/.
Full textAbstract:
Ecological risk assessment (ERA) studies are important to assess environmental changes that have been caused by anthropogenic activities. These integration models show the estimation of adverse risk effects across the levels of biological organization potentially exposed to perturbation, including a better understanding of the ecosystems complexity. It is well known that the pesticide have severe environment effects contributing to biodiversity loss and trophic levels changes. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ecological risk assessment in pesticide contamination scenarios for aquatic and terrestrial compartments. To attempt it direct and indirect effects on individual response for different biological organization and for multi trophic interactions responses with ecosystems models were evaluated. Thus the environmental impacts in relation to losses and changes of the ecosystems functions and services were analyzed. For this purpose, a risk scenario was designed to compare the Ivermectin contamination exposure routes, via dermal (soil) and oral (food) on Eisenia fetida reproduction tests. An experimental approach was constructed to characterise the effects of the fungicide Scala® (Pyrimethanil) in spraying application comparing to homogenous soil application on a constructed soil multi-species test system. n experiment was performed to reported the effects of the fungicide Mythos® (Pyrimethanil) with terrestrial plant test followed by elutriate test with non-targets freshwater organisms and avoidance test with soil invertebrates and quantify the ecosystems services framework. A holistic higher tier fungicide risk assessment was done with terrestrial and aquatic responses and trophic levels with multitrophic interactions in ecosystem models and supplementary with individuals\' responses. The results obtained suggest that the analyzed reproduction parameters for earthworms were affected with the increase of ivermectin concentrations with statistical significant differences between the contamination exposure routes. The fungicide pyrimethanil has adverse effect on soil invertebrates\' response for the application and spatial distribution with the habitat preferences and foraging abilities has affected directly or indirectly by the fungicide toxicity. The impacts by the runoff and leaching pesticides into adjacent water bodies and surrounding soil showed changes in the organism\'s structure with changes and loss in the provisioning, regulatory and supporting services. The integrated holistic four-tiered fungicide risk assessment showed the possible impacts and the adverse effects on the terrestrial and aquatic organisms, ecosystems and processes in the simulate scenarios. From the results, it is possible to conclude that the experiments performed crossed the multiple aspects of contaminations and show the individuals to ecosystems responses approaches using the exposure routes of contamination, multi trophic interactions of experimental ecosystems models, behavioral, individual and some comparatives responses with aquatic and terrestrial compartments in risk assessment. Furthermore, this study are an important register for the deleterious effects and responses to impacts of pesticides, prompting the possible environmental losses and changes of the ecosystems functions and services in disturbances areas.Os estudos de avaliação de risco ecológico consistem em avaliar os riscos ecológicos ocasionados pelas diversas atividades antropogênicas a um determinado sistema. Essa abordagem de integração reporta a estimativa dos efeitos de risco adverso através dos níveis de organização biológica potencialmente expostos a pertubação, incluindo assim uma melhor compreensão da complexidade dos ecossistemas. É bem conhecido que os pesticidas possuem efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente, contribuindo para a perda de biodiversidade e mudanças nos níveis tróficos. A partir dessa análise, o objetivo geral desse estudo foi uma avaliação de risco ecológico em cenários de contaminação por pesticidas em relação aos compartimentos terrestres e aquáticos. Para tanto, foram avaliados os efeitos diretos e indiretos sobre as respostas individuais para diferentes níveis de organização biológica e para as interações multitróficas através de modelos ecossistêmicos. Assim, foram analisados os impactos ambientais em relação as perdas e mudanças das funções e serviços dos ecossistemas. Para esse propósito, foram desenvolvidos cenários de risco em relação as rotas de exposição do antiparasitário Ivermectin para a minhoca Eisenia fetida em relação a testes de reprodução, através da via dermal (solo) e oral (comida). Foi construída uma abordagem experimental para caracterizar os efeitos do fungicida Scala® (Pyrimethanil), comparando a aplicação através de pulverização por spray com a aplicação homogênea no solo em um sistema terrestre multiespécies. Experimentos foram realizados para reportar os efeitos do fungicida Mythos® (Pyrimethanil) em plantas terrestres alvo, seguidos por teste com elutriato com organismos de água doce não-alvo e testes de fuga com invertebrados terrestres não-alvo e uma quantificação dos serviços ecossistêmicos. Foi realizada uma avaliação de risco holística do fungicida pyrimethanil com respostas dos organismos terrestres e aquáticos e das interações tróficas através dos modelos ecossistêmicos e complementados com respostas individuais. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os parâmetros de reprodução para as minhocas foram afetados com o aumento das concentrações de ivermectina com diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as rotas de exposição a contaminação. O fungicida pyrimethanil mostrou efeitos adversos sobre os invertebrados terrestres para as aplicações do pesticida e para a distribuição espacial, sendo as preferências de habitat e habilidade de forageio direta ou indiretamente afetadas pela toxicidade do fungicida. Os possíveis impactos do runoff e lixiviação nos corpos de água e solos adjacentes mostram mudanças na estrutura da comunidade com mudanças e perdas nos serviços ecossistêmicos de provisão, regulação e suporte. A avaliação de risco holística mostrou os impactos e efeitos adversos sobre os organismos terrestres e aquáticos, ecossistemas e processos nos diferentes cenários de simulação. Ao analisar os dados obtidos é possível concluir que os experimentos realizados permeiam os múltiplos aspectos da contaminação por pesticidas, mostrando respostas de indivíduos a ecossistemas através das rotas de exposição da contaminação, interações multitróficas a partir dos experimentos de modelos ecossistêmicos, respostas individuais, comportamentais e comparativas com os sistemas terrestres e aquáticos em avaliações de risco ecológico. Portanto, esse estudo se apresenta como um importante registro dos efeitos deletérios e das respostas dos impactos por pesticidas, levando a possíveis perdas e mudanças das funções e serviços ecossistêmicos em áreas com distúrbios.
18
Leitão, Sara Pais de Almeida da Silva. "New improvements on pesticide ecological risk assessment on the soil-water interface." Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6449.
Full textAbstract:
Doutoramento em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaImproving knowledge to evaluate and reduce pesticide impacts in the environment is a present concern to achieve their sustainable use. With the aim of increasing ecological relevance on the environmental risk assessment of pesticides (ERA), an integrated approach was undertaken linking pesticide fate and effects on aquatic and terrestrial non-target organisms under irrigated crop-based scenarios in Mediterranean realistic conditions, for which there is a lack of studies. Pesticides fate and effects were assessed by adopting an innovative approach embracing different levels of ERA complexity: a refined first-tier with the use of natural soil in ecotoxicological testing, instead of the conventional artificial soil; a refined higher-tier level performing simulations of cropbased agricultural scenarios of maize, potato and onion crops, with the application of the fungicides azoxystrobin and chlorothalonil and the insecticide ethoprophos, using a new semi-field methodology; and an higher tier field study incorporating biological interactions and dynamics of soil fauna communities and environmental factors that determine the effects of pesticides in the field under realistic agricultural practices. This study will increase the knowledge on ecological risks of pesticides under field situations improving decision making towards a sustainable use of pesticides and ecological protection
19
Arumugam, Anandkumar. "Ecological risk assessment of the Miri coast, Sarawak, Borneo: A biogeochemical approach." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/698.
Full textAbstract:
Ecological risk assessment was made along the Miri coast based on trace element concentrations (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Zn) in the seawater, sediments, and aquatic biota (fish, shrimp, crabs, and bivalves). Prevailing major geochemical processes were identified. Contamination and risk assessment indices were estimated. Sediments were contaminated by Cu and Zn, but in the marine life the remaining metals were within the permissible limits set by international and national guidelines.
20
Ward, Daniel John. "An ecological assessment of secondary poisoning risk in the Australian sugarcane industry." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/31325/1/Daniel_Ward_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Rodenticide use in agriculture can lead to the secondary poisoning of avian predators. Currently the Australian sugarcane industry has two rodenticides, Racumin® and Rattoff®, available for in-crop use but, like many agricultural industries, it lacks an ecologically-based method of determining the potential secondary poisoning risk the use of these rodenticides poses to avian predators. The material presented in this thesis addresses this by: a. determining where predator/prey interactions take place in sugar producing districts; b. quantifying the amount of rodenticide available to avian predators and the probability of encounter; and c. developing a stochastic model that allows secondary poisoning risk under various rodenticide application scenarios to be investigated. Results demonstrate that predator/prey interactions are highly constrained by environmental structure. Rodents used crops that provided high levels of canopy cover and therefore predator protection and poorly utilised open canopy areas. In contrast, raptors over-utilised areas with low canopy cover and low rodent densities, but which provided high accessibility to prey. Given this pattern of habitat use, and that industry baiting protocols preclude rodenticide application in open canopy crops, these results indicate that secondary poisoning can only occur if poisoned rodents leave closed canopy crops and become available for predation in open canopy areas. Results further demonstrate that after in-crop rodenticide application, only a small proportion of rodents available in open areas are poisoned and that these rodents carry low levels of toxicant. Coupled with the low level of rodenticide use in the sugar industry, the high toxic threshold raptors have to these toxicants and the low probability of encountering poisoned rodents, results indicate that the risk of secondary poisoning events occurring is minimal. A stochastic model was developed to investigate the effect of manipulating factors that might influence secondary poisoning hazard in a sugarcane agro-ecosystem. These simulations further suggest that in all but extreme scenarios, the risk of secondary poisoning is also minimal. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that secondary poisoning of avian predators associated with the use of the currently available rodenticides in Australian sugar producing districts is minimal. Further, the ecologically-based method of assessing secondary poisoning risk developed in this thesis has broader applications in other agricultural systems where rodenticide use may pose risks to avian predators.
21
JIANG, HUAN. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Salts in Swedish Freshwater Ecosystem : A preliminary assessment for invertebrates and vertebrates." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16578.
Full text
22
Negreiros, Gustavo Hees de. "Understanding and modeling ecological processes controlling flammability in seasonally dry evergreen forests of the Brazillian Amazon /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5528.
Full text
23
Takacs, P. "Evaluation of probabilistic ecological risk assessment methodology using aquatic microcosms and azinphos-methyl." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ43226.pdf.
Full text
24
Pham, Vivian G. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Content in the Hatillo River, Costa Rica." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/571.
Full textAbstract:
Rivers all around the world have become increasingly polluted with heavy metals, largely due to industrialization and urbanization. Organisms exposed to high concentrations of heavy metals have shown evidence of biotoxicity and physical deformities. With biomagnification in mind, the possibility that this contamination may soon directly affect humans is a real concern, and policies in manufacturing industries worldwide may have to be reformed. In this study, we measured the concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in the Hatillo River and compared these values to those measured in the Tarcoles River, a highly polluted river, and Terciopelo Creek, a relatively clean river. The results showed that the Hatillo River had significantly lower levels of most detected heavy metals than both the Tarcoles and Terciopelo. Overall, sediments in all rivers showed high levels of heavy metal content--especially in chromium, copper, nickel, and lead--which could build up and affect organisms over a long period of time.
25
Gerber, Liezel. "Biodiversity risk assessment of South Africa’s municipalities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1614.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc (Botany and Zoology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.South Africa is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world and even with conservation initiatives in place continues to face biodiversity loss. There is a need to prioritise areas for conservation as resources for conservation purposes are limited in South Africa. From prioritisation methods reviewed it was found that prioritisation indices normally use one or a combination of variables that measure stock; and/or variables that measure threat.
26
Rose, Robyn Ilene. "An ecological risk assessment of BT transgenic sweet corn on non-target arthropod communities." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2451.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Entomology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
27
Mellet, Bernice. "Ecological risk assessment of fisheries on sea turtles in the South Western Indian Ocean." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9957.
Full textAbstract:
The SWIO is an area of great biodiversity and included in the diverse species that occupy the region are five species of sea turtles that include green turtles, hawksbills, leatherbacks, loggerheads and olive ridleys. Despite considerable conservation efforts at sea turtle rookeries in the South Western Indian Ocean, only green and loggerhead turtle populations have shown an increase in population size in recent years (<10 years), whereas leatherbacks remained stable and hawksbills and olive ridleys declined. This begs the question if fisheries (or other offshore pressures) are responsible for slowing the recovery of these populations in the region, and if so, which specific fisheries are responsible for this trend? Several offshore (mostly industrial) and coastal (mostly artisanal) fisheries overlap with sea turtle distribution at sea. Industrial fisheries that are globally known to have a demonstrable impact on sea turtle populations are longline and to a lesser extent purse seine fisheries, whilst prawn trawl, gillnet and beach seine fisheries are coastal fisheries with a known negative impact on sea turtle populations. Holistic conservation strategies should be developed that include both land and sea protection for sea turtle species. It is thus necessary to identify and manage offshore threats including fisheries activities, particularly those fisheries that are showing the highest risk to sea turtle populations. This prompted an investigation into the bycatch rates and mortality of all sea turtle species that occur in the SWIO region in several offshore and coastal fisheries including both industrial (longline, purse seine and prawn trawl) and artisanal (including gillnet and beach seine) fisheries. The specific aims were (i) to identify and quantify the interactions (and if possible mortality) of sea turtle species in fisheries and (ii) to identify vulnerable species/populations to fishing operations using a semi-quantitative Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) in the form of a Productivity-Susceptibility Analysis (PSA). Published information, online databases and technical reports were used as data sources to establish a database containing essential information regarding fishing effort and sea turtle bycatch in the region. The existing information was used to map fisheries extent and effort within the region, and to perform bycatch calculations. Interactions and mortality rates for sea turtles in five fisheries were quantified using bycatch rates from regional studies. Between 2000 – 2011, industrial longline and purse seine fisheries captured sea turtles at a rate of 4 388 indiv.y-1, with the mortality rate being 189 indiv.y-1. The bulk of these interactions were in the longline industry that captured 4 129 ± 1 376 indiv.y-1, with a corresponding mortality rate of 167 ± 53 indiv.y-1. The most commonly caught species (in longlines) were loggerheads and leatherback turtles, but the greatest impact is expected to be on the leatherback population due to the high interaction rate relative to population size. The bycatch (259 ± 34 indiv.y-1) and mortality (20 ± 2 indiv.y-1) rates of sea turtles in the purse seine fishery was considerably lower than the longline fishery. The purse seine fishery thus does not seem to have a significant impact on sea turtle populations in the SWIO. The impact of all forms of fish aggregation devices were excluded from the analysis as the impacts of these are poorly documented. Coastal prawn trawl, gillnet and beach seine fisheries captured an estimate of between 50 164 - 52 370 indiv.y-1 from 2000-2011. The highest bycatch rate was estimated for gillnet fisheries (40 264 indiv.y-1) followed by beach seine fisheries (9 171 indiv.y-1) and prawn trawl fisheries (at 1089 – 2795 indiv.y-1). The gillnet fishery could be responsible for slowing the recovery rate of green turtle and leatherback populations in the SWIO due to the high capture rates in this fishery compared to the population sizes of the species. Beach seine and prawn trawl fisheries are not expected to be hamper the recovery rate of any of the populations in the SWIO due to the low levels of interactions and low mortality rates compared to the population sizes. There are however very few data available regarding the bycatch of sea turtle species within these fisheries, highlighting the need for further research regarding this. A productivity-Susceptibility Analysis (PSA) was used to evaluate the relative vulnerability of species to fisheries, and is frequently applied in data poor situations. Limited data on sea turtle life history characteristics and population dynamics of species in the SWIO prompted the use of a PSA to determine the species most vulnerable to fisheries in the region. Results of the PSA indicated that gillnet fisheries poses the largest fishery-related threat to sea turtle populations, specifically the green and leatherback populations. The longline fishery that poses a particular threat to the leatherback population in the SWIO is also a particular concern. A cumulative impact assessment (combining fisheries and other threats) indicated that the SWIO leatherback population is extremely vulnerable to the combination of threats that influence this population in the SWIO. Even though individual fisheries may pose a small threat, the cumulative impacts of the fisheries can lead to severe impacts on populations such as slowing the recovery rate of populations. There are however significant data gaps that require attention in order to fully assess the impact of these fisheries on sea turtle populations. Despite the fact that fisheries are not implicated as a mayor reason for the decline in the hawksbill and olive ridley populations in the region, these two species are in decline indicating that there are other factors responsible for the decline not yet identified. It however remains imperative to reduce the mortality from all sources to ensure the continued viability of sea turtle populations in the region.
28
Claassen, Marius. "The development and application of ecological risk assessment in South African water resource management." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006177.
Full textAbstract:
The provision of goods and services by aquatic ecosystems plays an important role in socio-economic development and livelihoods in the southern African region. Water resource management in South Africa developed from an agrarian and pastoral focus up to 1956 to also supporting mining and industrial activities. This led to the introduction of the resource water quality objectives and pollution prevention approaches, which balanced the needs for development and protection. Prior to 1994, access to water resources was limited to riparian property owners and a minority of the population who controlled industrial and mining activities. The establishment of a democratic government amplified the need for accelerated socio-economic development, with equity, efficiency and sustainability being the principles of such development. New approaches were needed, which could achieve these development objectives and secure the resource base for future generations. An overview of the scientific process highlighted a risk based approach as potentially supporting the much needed balance between development and protection. The aims of this thesis is to develop a framework and process for the application of ecological risk assessment to water resource management in South Africa, to use case studies to draft guidelines for ecological risk assessment and to assess the degree to which ecological risk assessment can contribute to effective water resource management in South Africa. The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s guidelines for ecological risk assessment were identified amongst international best practice as meeting the requirements for local application. A framework was drafted for ecological risk assessment in South Africa, with the main phases being to agree on objectives, formulate the analysis plan, analyse information, characterise risk and manage risk. Modifications from the Environmental Protection Agency’s process include the order of activities in the first phase, the explicit testing of hypotheses and clarification of the evaluation of existing data or collection of new data. An industrial effluent case study was used to assess the applicability of the proposed framework. The case study dealt specifically with the assessment of risks posed by current conditions and long term licence conditions. The framework was found to be useful to identify weaknesses in the established monitoring programme and to evaluate lines of evidence to assess the degree to which the stated conditions would have unacceptable consequences. The study highlighted several weaknesses in the suggested framework, of which the most critical is the interpretation of the risk hypothesis as a testable null hypothesis. It became clear that cause-effect relationships should be stated as the risk hypothesis, whereas the assessment should evaluate expressed or expected conditions against a risk profile for a given stressor to benefit fully from the risk assessment approach. Changes to the framework terminology were suggested as well as nested feedback loops to allow for iterative processes where new information becomes available. The proposed guidelines incorporate the learning from the case study application as well as feedback from a peer review process. The guidelines incorporate the suggested actions under each phase as well as notes providing the rationale for each step. Three case study outlines were provided to assist users with the interpretation of the guidelines in different applications. The proposed guidelines are applied in an ecological Reserve determination case study, which specified the ecological water quality requirements. The study found that a risk-based approach was followed in the development of the water resource management policy, but the Reserve determination method is generally hazard based, with site specific modifications of the target values being allowed on a conservative basis. The case study highlighted a lack of readiness of water resource managers to accommodate scientific results expressed as probability distributions in support of management decisions. The thesis is concluded with a discussion of the key learning points of the ecological risk assessment development process. The evaluation highlights the move from stating and testing a null hypothesis to stating the risk hypothesis and evaluating the stated conditions against a risk profile. Several implementation challenges are highlighted, with specific recommendations made for adopting the proposed guidelines.
29
Kapo, Katherine E. "Eco-Epidemiological Analysis for Screening-Level Ecological Risk Assessment: A Geographic Information Systems Approach." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1246903901.
Full text
30
Duodu, Godfred Odame. "Characterisation, source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of some pollutants in Brisbane river sediment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/103672/1/Godfred%20Odame_Duodu_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents the first simultaneous analysis of heavy metals and organic residues in Brisbane River sediment after the 2011 and 2013 floods. New methods for rapid analysis of elements in sediment and assessment of ecological risk were developed. The thesis provides crucial information regarding levels, distribution, sources and ecological risks of the pollutants in the sediment. This will assist in risk management and formulation of effective pollution mitigation. The generic outcomes of this thesis are expected to provide essential guidance for monitoring and regulation of pollutants in urban waterways worldwide.
31
Sorenson, Mary T. "Deterministic vs probabilistic ecological risk assessment modeling at hazardous waste sites : a comparative case study." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25303.
Full text
32
Schad, Thorsten [Verfasser]. "Xplicit – a modelling framework for ecological risk characterisation at landscape-scales in regulatory risk assessment and risk managementof plant protection products / Thorsten Schad." Landau : Universitätsbibliothek Landau, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037920015/34.
Full text
33
Doyle, James. "Mass Balance Tracer Techniques for Integrating in situ Soil Ingestion Rates into Human and Ecological Risk Assessments." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20557.
Full textAbstract:
Quantitative soil ingestion studies employing a mass balance tracer approach have been used to determine soil ingestion rate for use in human health risk assessments (HHRAs). Past studies have focused on soil ingestion in populations living in urban/suburban environments and the results have been highly variable. Moreover, there is a paucity of reliable quantitative soil ingestion data to support human health risk assessments of other lifestyles that may be predisposed to ingesting soil, such as indigenous populations following traditional lifestyles. Thus, the primary objective of the research was to determine if populations following lifestyles typical of traditional land use practices in rural or wilderness areas ingest more soil than populations living in urban or suburban environments. Further, the research investigated the use of alternative mass balance tracers, specifically isotopes of the 238U and 232Th decay series, to reduce soil ingestion estimate variability. Mass balance tracer methods were developed and validated in a pilot canine study, and methods using isotope tracers were adapted to permit quantification of sediment ingestion in the benthic fish Moxostoma macrolepidotum (Shorthead Redhorse Sucker). A pilot human soil ingestion study of 7 subjects from an Aboriginal community in British Columbia was conducted over a 3-week period. The mean soil ingestion rate calculated using the daily means of the 4 elemental tracers with the lowest food-to-soil ratios (i.e., Al, Ce, La, Si) was observed to be approximately 74 mg d-1 (standard deviation 91 mg d-1), The median soil ingestion rate was 60 mg d-1, and the 90th percentile was 196 mg d-1. These soil ingestion rate estimates are higher than those currently recommended for HHRAs of adults, and higher than those obtained in most previous studies of adults. However, the estimates are much lower than the earlier qualitative assessments for subsistence lifestyles (i.e., 330-400 mg d-1). The study results also demonstrated that isotopes of the 238U and 232Th decay series radionuclide are not reliable mass balance tracers for estimating soil ingestion in humans; however, they may be useful for quantifying soil and sediment ingestion in wildlife.
34
Säterberg, Torbjörn. "Minimum Ecologically Viable Populations : Risk assessment from a multispecies perspective." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18959.
Full textAbstract:
The extinction risk of threatened species has traditionally been assessed by the use of tools of Population Viability Analysis (PVA). Species interactions, however, have seldom been accounted for in PVA:s. The omission of species interactions in risk assessments may further lead to serious mistakes when setting target sizes of populations. Even a slight abundance decrease of a target species may result in changes of the community structure; in the worst case leading to a highly impoverished community. Of critical importance to conservation is therefore the question of how many individuals of a certain population that is needed in order to avoid this kind of consequences. In the current study, a stochastic multispecies model is used to estimate minimum ecological viable populations (MEVP); earlier defined as “the minimum size of a population that can survive before itself or some other species in the community becomes extinct”. The MEVP:s are compared to population sizes given by a single species model where interactions with other species are treated as a constant source incorporated in the species specific growth rate. MEVP:s are found to be larger than the population sizes given by the single species model. The results are trophic level dependent and multispecies approaches are suggested to be of major importance when setting target levels for species at the basal level. Species at higher trophic levels, however, are altogether more prone to extinction than species at the basal level, irrespective of food web size and food web complexity.
35
Preston, Benjamin Lee. "Toxicant interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment of freshwater rotifers : implications for ecological risk assessment." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25217.
Full text
36
Carlisle, Margaret. "Lead poisoning in the Spanish eagle population of the Doñana, SW Spain : an ecological risk assessment." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419652.
Full textAbstract:
Doñana National Park in south-west Spain is one of the last remaining strongholds of the Spanish Imperial eagle Aquila adalberti, which is one of the world’s rarest birds with only around 150 pairs remaining. Lead poisoning is known to be a problem that affects other eagle species, and the purpose of this thesis is to determine whether this is a potential problem for the Doñana population of eagles. Bird exposure to lead in this area is estimated to come from two main sources, soil and sediment lead from upriver mining operations including the 1998 Aznalcollar toxic spill, and resident lead shot due to long-term hunting activity. a soil lead distribution model is constructed for the whole Doñana, using known principles of pollution deposition in combination with satellite imagery analysis and a training dataset of soil samples dating from 1983 to the present. A lead shot distribution model is also constructed for the whole Doñana, using a simple rule-based approach to estimate the maximum niche of availability for this lead source. A Monte Carlo simulation model is developed to model the processes of transfer of lead to eagles via their prey species Greylag geese Anser anser and Mallard ducks Anas platyrhynchos. The model predicts potentially high (5.2%) probability of an eagle being lead poisoned. A GIS-based ecological risk assessment model quantifies the spatial pattern of lead shot ingestion for Greylag geese and Mallard ducks and grades each of Doñana’s eagle territories according to their lead risk value. The sensitivity, uncertainty and error for all of the above models are assessed in detail. Finally, future research needs are identified, conservation actions prioritised and management decisions recommended.
37
Sciera, Katherine Lynne. "Quantifying the effects of land use change on stream ecosystems for use in ecological risk assessment." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1233081388/.
Full text
38
Hau, Jorge Luis. "Toward environmentally conscious process systems engineering via joint thermodynamic accounting of industrial and ecological systems." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117650243.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxii, 306 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 290-306). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
39
Mattson-Hansen, Kimberly M. "Modeling Ecological Risks at a Landscape Scale: Threat Assessment in the Upper Tennessee River Basin." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78611.
Full textAbstract:
There is no single methodology toward freshwater conservation planning, and few analytical tools exist for summarizing ecological risks at a landscape scale. I constructed a relative risk model, the Ecological Risk Index (ERI), to combine the frequency and severity of human-induced stressors with mappable land and water use data to evaluate impacts to five major biotic drivers: energy sources, physical habitat, flow regime, water quality, and biotic interactions. It assigns 3 final risk rankings based on a user-specified spatial grain. In a case study of the 5 major drainages within the upper Tennessee River basin (UTRB), U.S.A, differences in risk patterns among drainages reflected dominant land uses, such as mining and agriculture. A principal components analysis showed that localized, moderately severe threats accounted for most of the threat composition differences among watersheds. Also, the relative importance of threats is sensitive to the spatial grain of the analysis.
An evaluation of the ERI procedures showed that the protocol is sensitive to how extent and severity of risk are defined, and threat frequency-class criteria strongly influenced final risk rankings. Multivariate analysis tested for model robustness and assessed the influence of expert judgment by comparing my original approach to a quantile-based approach. Results suggest that experts were less likely to assign catchments to high-risk categories than was the quantile approach, and that 3 final risk rankings were appropriate.
I evaluated the influence of land use on freshwater ecosystems by studying the relationship between land cover changes and the persistence of freshwater mussels. First, historical species data were collected and the Upper Tennessee River Mussel Database (UTRMD) was constructed. The UTRMD contains >47,400 species records from 1963-2008 distributed across nearly 2,100 sampling sites.
My study suggests that 30 years of land cover change does not explain observed freshwater mussel declines. Quantitative surveys are recommended basin-wide to provide more accurate information about mussel distribution and abundance. Lastly, results suggest that streams with repeated mussel surveys have increasing populations, including active recruitment in several beds. Additional quantitative surveys since 2004 have probably provided more accurate species and population counts, although actual population sizes are still uncertain.Ph. D.
40
Huang, Yanran. "Exposure and risk assessment of organic UV filters : from environmental occurrence to human biomonitoring study." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/740.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the studies of emerging contaminants have received growing concerns due to their ambiguous fate and unclear effect to the water environment, aquatic organisms or even human. With the development of the analytical techniques, the increase detection rate of emerging contaminants is at a rapid pace that many of their fates and influence are still pending investigation. In this work, a group of organic UV filters, which is one of the vital categories of emerging contaminants are monitored. Organic UV filters, used as the major components in not only sunscreens but also other cosmetics products, have a widespread usage and large production volume for more than 80 years, causing the massive input towards the aquatic environment. To first investigate their environmental behaviours and impacts, the regional distribution of total nine commonly used organic UV filters was monitored along the southeast coastline of Shenzhen, which is the most rapid developing city in China with large population with the consideration of seasonal variation. In addition, the Shenzhen reservoirs, as the major sources of drinking water in Shenzhen, was also monitored together with the city tap water. The results indicated the extensive distribution of certain kinds of UV filters with obvious seasonal pattern, which may cause medium to high risk to aquatic organisms. And the incomplete removal of them in drinking water supply system resulting trace amount of UV filters to be detected in city tap water, may cause a general exposure of these UV filters towards all populations. Therefore, a quantitative analytical method for simultaneous detecting multiple classes UV filters in human urine samples has been developed and applied on more than 100 real samples for determining internal exposure. Similar UV filters were also detected in human urine samples compared with surface water while one of the most commonly used organic UV filters, Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate exhibited much lower detection rate and concentration in human urine. Then, biotransformation of Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate was examined in rats for the purpose of selecting suitable metabolites as exposure biomarkers. Several metabolites have been identified in urine and plasma by UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Two of its metabolites, 4-methoxycinnamic acid and 4' -methoxyacetophenone, were unambiguously identified by comparing with commercial standard. Excretion trend of Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and its two metabolites confirmed that most of the parent compound were quickly metabolized and excreted through urine samples. Herein, these three targeted compounds were further evaluated in two populations - female university students and school-aged children. Although Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate was not detected in 49 female university students, significant internal correlations were discovered among these three analytes in school-aged students and extensive detection of metabolites instead of parent compound was also confirmed. The third part of this thesis is to comprehensively monitor the internal exposure of UV filters and their metabolites, and also discover their potential adverse health impacts - obesity in Shanghai children and adolescents. Urinary concentration of certain kinds of UV filters were significantly higher in girls than in boys. However, further associations have been found with urinary Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate concentration and reduced adiposity outcomes only in boys, indicating it may have the potential to influence the metabolism in male population during growing stage. In short, a complete study of organic UV filters is presented in this thesis, from their environmental occurrence to metabolism in animal models, and finally to human exposure and potential health impacts. The widespread exposure and significant associations with adiposity outcomes can form a solid base for future comprehensive risk assessment of UV filters towards human health
41
Arteaga, Jorge Lobo. "Evaluation of the potential of translocated common cockle for ecological risk assessment studies: bioaccumulation and biomarkers test." Master's thesis, FCT - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/2504.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted to the Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia to obtain the Master’s degree in Environmental Engineering, profile in Ecological EngineeringSediment–bound contamination is a major concern factor in estuaries and other confined coastal water bodies, frequently subjected to anthropogenic sources of pollution. In order to investigate the effects and responses of the common cockle (Cerastoderma edule, L. 1558, Bivalvia: Cardiidae) to sediment contaminants and to assess the species’ potential as an indicator organism, the bivalve was subjected to a laboratorial translocation assay with sediments collected from distinct sites of the Sado Estuary (Portugal). Cockles were collected from a mariculture site of the Sado estuary (Portugal), herewith identified as site A, and exposed through 28–day, semi–static laboratorial essays, to sediments collected from three other sites (B, C and D) of the estuary that revealed different levels of metals, organic contaminants and physico–chemical properties and that ranged from globally unimpacted to moderately impacted levels when compared to available sediment quality guidelines. The animals were surveyed for bioaccumulation of metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) and organic contaminants (PAHs, PCBs and DDTs). Two sets of potential biomarkers were employed to assess toxicity: whole–body metallothionein (MT) induction and digestive gland histopathology. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and the biota-to-soil accumulation factor(BSAF) were estimated as ecological indices of exposure to metals and organic compounds. Significant positive correlations between BSAF and MT were found for PHAs, and between each factor (BSAF and BAF) and MT were found for Cd. Histopathological alterations were found in cockles exposed to all sediments where they were translocated. The digestive gland integrity was found to be especially compromised in cockles from sediment B and C and at day 28 from sediment A. Results allowed concluding that C. edule responds to sediment–bound contamination and is capable to regulate and eliminate both types of contaminants and might, therefore, be suitable for biomonitoring. Still, the sediment contamination levels do not explain the variation in bioaccumulation and MT levels, which may result from the moderate contaminant concentrations found in sediments and, more importantly, from yet unexplained xenobiotic interaction effects.
42
Ching, C. Y. Terrance, and 程振英. "Deriving critical tissue concentrations of trace metals in fishes for ecology risk assessment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013718.
Full text
43
Plevrakis, Viktor. "Comparison of risk assessment methods for polluted soils in Sweden, Norway and Denmark." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-109376.
Full textAbstract:
Land contamination is an acknowledged problem around the world due to its potentially adverse impacts on human health and the environment. Specifically in Europe there are estimated to be 2,500,000 potentially contaminated sites. The risk that contaminated sites pose is investigated by risk assessments. The methods and the models though used in risk assessments, vary both on a national and an international level. In this study, the risk assessment methods and models for polluted soils used in Scandinavia and issued by the Environmental Protection Agencies were compared. The comparison aimed to (i) identify similarities and differences in the risk assessment methodology and risk assessment methods and to (ii) investigate to which extend these differences can impact the results of the models and the implications regarding mitigation measures. The method and model comparison showed that Sweden and Norway have great similarities in assessing risks for contaminated soil. However, there are differences with Denmark on a conceptual level. When a common hypothetical petrol station with 20 soil samples was assessed, the results and the conclusions of the three risk assessments were quite different; the site was seen as posing risk to human health with the Danish model when complied with the quality criteria issued by the Norwegian model. The Swedish risk assessment concluded that the contaminant concentration in 3 out of 20 samples was potentially harmful for the environment but not for human health. The demonstrated divergence of the conclusions of risk assessments has major implications and shows great interest for mainly four groups: Land-owners who may be called to cover the expenses for remedial action. Consultants and companies who perform risk assessments and land remediation. The countries that have to meet national and international environmental goals and can also share/ or cover the cost for remedial action. The people exposed to such environments that could be deemed as potentially harmful by a neighboring country. The study was conducted in collaboration with URS Nordic.
44
Pereira, Ana Carina Santos. "Linking exposure of mediterranean freshwater ecosystems to pesticides mixtures with their environmental side-effects." Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14958.
Full textAbstract:
Doutoramento em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaIn freshwater ecosystems associated with agricultural areas, organisms are exposed to a multitude of toxicologically and structurally distinct pesticides in concentrations that may fluctuate over time. However, the environmental risks of chemicals are traditionally evaluated and regulated on the basis of single substance. Understanding and improving the link between effects and exposure assessment is an important step in the current challenges of risk assessment in order to increase its ecological relevance. To this end, integrated approaches of different hierarchical levels of complexity and ecological realism have been developed and applied, including: exposure modelling, laboratory testing with individual organisms, species sensitivity distribution, ecosystem models and assessment of aquatic community interactions to evaluate the effects of realistic pesticide combinations on water bodies associated with rice, tomato and maize typical agroecosystems of Mediterranean conditions. Contributing to the overall knowledge of the adequacy of the prospective risk assessment and demonstrating that pesticide risk may be underestimated during the actual registration procedure. The data generated in the present study contributed to the derivation of optimized programs of measures under the scope of European legislation; the identification of sites with the highest expected impacts of pesticide mixtures; the evaluation of the major pesticide compounds that contributed mostly to the identified aquatic risks. Furthermore contribute to a deeper knowledge and unravel the effects of co-occurring chemicals, environmental and biological stressors in aquatic ecosystems considering the effects of biotic and abiotic interactions at community and ecosystem levels. The results contribute to reducing the risks of pesticides in freshwater
N/A
45
Marshall, Dale. "An ecological risk assessment of dioxins and furans discharged by Fraser and Thompson River pulp and paper mills." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0025/MQ51411.pdf.
Full text
46
Sutherland, Glenn D. "Risk assessment for conservation under ecological uncertainty, a case study with a stream-dwelling amphibian in managed forests." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0012/NQ61179.pdf.
Full text
47
Murcia, Silvia. "Myxobolus cerebralis in native Cutthroat trout of three spawning tributaries to Yellowstone Lake a qualitative ecological risk assessment /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/murcia/MurciaS0808.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Most environments impose periodic or stochastic stress on natural populations, which increase susceptibility to diseases. Infection by Myxobolus cerebralis (exotic parasite causing salmonid whirling disease) is strongly influenced by a stream\'s physicochemical attributes and stressors, which may also affect host pathology. Susceptibility to M. cerebralis varies greatly among different species and subspecies of the salmonid host, but little is known about lesion severity or location of infection among the native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri). In 2002 and 2003 we performed a series of 10-day sentinel cutthroat fry exposures and habitat assessments in various sites of three M. cerebralis-positive tributaries to Yellowstone Lake: the Yellowstone River, Pelican Creek, and Clear Creek. At 90 and 150 days post-exposure, fry were examined by polymerase chain reaction and histology to determine prevalence, severity, and location of infection. The goal was to identify spatiotemporal patterns of infection, and physicochemical features of the streams influencing it, and potentially facilitating parasite invasion and establishment. Results on fish (young and adult) host infection data, environmental attributes, and tubificid host presence/absence data in the study streams were used to develop an ecological risk assessment for parasite establishment and whirling disease in this ecosystem. Results from our qualitative risk ranking systems suggest that the cutthroat trout of the Yellowstone Lake basin are highly susceptible to M. cerebralis infection, with the most severe lesions in cartilage of the cranium and jaws, especially in systems with high water temperatures and ionic content. Our results also suggest that such environmental features are most conducive to parasite establishment, especially in tributaries of the lake basin used by cutthroat trout as spawning and rearing habitats. Thus, this study has implications for both ecology and parasitology as it reveals that environmental components can affect when and where a pathogen resides within the host, and thereby affect manifestation of disease. Recognition of the specific environmental attributes most conducive to parasite establishment, and disease, can increase future diagnostics, detection, and management efforts, strengthening the likelihood of correctly predicting M. cerebralis\' and similar pathogenic invasions and establishment in unsampled sites.
48
Ho, Chi-fai, and 何志輝. "Ecological risk assessment and management of invasive freshwater fish species from aquarium and ornamental trades in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194580.
Full textAbstract:
Since globalization have promoted the ornamental trade and accelerated the movement of freshwater fishes around the world, non-native species pose a high potential to be released into local freshwater habitats, and to spread and establish as invasive and nuisance species with adverse ecological, economic and social impacts. This study aimed to investigate the potential of the ornamental freshwater fish trade as an invasion pathway in Hong Kong, assess the ecological risk of common aquarium freshwater fish species being traded in the local market, identify species of concern and recommend ways for their management with a view to minimizing biological invasion risk associated with the aquarium trade. Based on a series of systematic market surveys through visiting 46 major aquarium shops in Hong Kong, about 167 freshwater fish species were found in the local aquarium trade between summer 2012 and spring 2013. Twenty-five species were randomly selected to go through two standard ecological risk assessment protocols (i.e., FISK & IFRA). The assessment results indicated that the goldfish (Carassius auratus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) and Wel’s catfish (Silurus glanis) have a high invasive risk in Hong Kong. The ornamental trade is one of the significant sources of freshwater fish invasions in Hong Kong. An integrated invasive species management plan is recommended to apply and implement in Hong Kong. The key elements of this management plan include (1) development of law and regulation on invasive species, (2) establishment of an early detection programme (like the current study), (3) implementation of control and eradication measures, (4) setting up invasive species handling guidelines and (5) fostering public education programs on biological invasion prevention. The plan should involve the participation of all stakeholders, such as government, industry, social community organization and public in order to engage them to jointly effectively tackle and manage invasive species and thereby conserve Hong Kong’s aquatic biodiversity.published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
49
Babendreier, Justin Eric. "Hydrologic-Based Ecological Risk Assessment of Urban, Agriculture, and Coal Mining Impacts Upon Aquatic Habitat, Toxicity, and Biodiversity." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28470.
Full textAbstract:
Urban, agriculture and coal mining land use/cover impacts upon aquatic habitat, toxicity and biodiversity were investigated in Leading Creek, a 388 km2 watershed in southeastern Ohio. Abandoned strip mine land (ASML) and active deep underground mines were examined along with abandoned near-surface underground mine land (AUML). The work focused on assessment of aquatic toxicity, water quality, and biodiversity through investigation of associated ecological responses for both treated and untreated AMD. Relations were examined among land use/cover, chemistry, and various ecological and toxicological endpoints. Sources of data (scale 1:24000) included Landsat5 imaging from 1988 and 1994, and directly digitized extents of underground mining activities dating to the 19th century, with more recently created strip mines. USEPA and Ohio EPA qualitative habitat scoring protocols were used. Land use/cover thresholds were established using ASML=3%, AUML=2% to 10%, Urban=3% to 5%, and Bare Soil=3%. Biodiversity was assessed using qualitative benthic macroinvertebrate taxon richness and abundance, for total and EPT groups, respectively.
A better understanding of acid mine drainage (AMD) was demonstrated linking land use/cover, coal bed, sediment, and water column chemistry to aquatic ecotoxicity through examination of the origin and fate of sulfate, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc. Key findings in risk assessment of Leading Creek indicated that (1) abandoned near-surface underground mine lands (AUML) were associated with >90% of untreated AMD reaching Leading Creek; (2) degradation to aquatic ecology was primarily associated with water quality degradation due to AMD, not with sediment quality degradation; (3) modest habitat destruction, especially sedimentation effects, were observed for ASML>3%, and urbanization>5% in small subsheds; (4) unique chemical signatures differentiated mining techniques instream; and (5) in situ Corbicula fluminea growth rates were dependent upon drainage area.
Sporadic signs of agricultural and urban impacts were indicated from acute toxicity with Ceriodaphnia dubia and chronic in situ toxicity testing with C. fluminea. Both the ecotoxicological tests were shown to be reliable indicators of AMD impact from AUML, on watershed and subwatershed scales. AMD was strongly associated with depressed biodiversity, low pH, and elevated zinc. Ecotoxicity monitoring supported interconnections found between sediment and water chemistry, land use/cover, and biodiversity.Ph. D.
50
Kulkarni, Devdutt [Verfasser]. "A combined approach of experiments and modelling for the implementation of freshwater copepods in ecological risk assessment / Devdutt Kulkarni." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052162770/34.
Full text