Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ecological disturbances

Academic literature on the topic 'Ecological disturbances'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ecological disturbances"

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Dornelas, Maria. "Disturbance and change in biodiversity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1558 (November 27, 2010): 3719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0295.

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Understanding how disturbance affects biodiversity is important for both fundamental and applied reasons. Here, I investigate how disturbances with different ecological effects change biodiversity metrics. I define three main types of disturbance effects: D disturbance (shifts in mortality rate), B disturbance (shifts in reproductive rates) and K disturbance (shifts in carrying capacity). Numerous composite disturbances can be defined including any combination of these three types of ecological effects. The consequences of D , B and K disturbances, as well as of composite DBK disturbances are examined by comparing metrics before and after a disturbance, in disturbed and undisturbed communities. I use simulations of neutral communities and examine species richness, total abundance and species abundance distributions. The patterns of change in biodiversity metrics are consistent among different types of disturbance. K disturbance has the most severe effects, followed by D disturbance, and B disturbance has nearly negligible effects. Consequences of composite DBK disturbances are more complex than any of the three types of disturbance, with unimodal relationships along a disturbance gradient arising when D, B and K are negatively correlated. Importantly, regardless of disturbance type, community isolation enhances the negative consequences and hinders the positive effects of disturbances.
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Lugo, Ariel E. "Effects of Extreme Disturbance Events: From Ecesis to Social–Ecological–Technological Systems." Ecosystems 23, no. 8 (February 18, 2020): 1726–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00491-x.

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AbstractEcologists addressed the effects of disturbances from the onset of the field by focusing on ecesis, which is the process by which organisms migrate and establish under the environmental conditions created by disturbances. Ecesis is the onset of succession, a self-organizing process whose nature, speed, and outcome depend in part on the outcomes of ecesis and the residual legacies remaining after disturbances. A by-product of succession after a disturbance is the reorganization of species dominance, or novelty. The degree of novelty in the outcome increases with the severity of the disturbance event. Initially, ecologists focused mostly on non-anthropogenic disturbances, but as human activity intensified and became a global force, more attention was given to the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on ecosystems. Today, anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic disturbances and their interactions are increasingly affecting ecosystems, particularly those exposed to extreme disturbance events. Extreme disturbance events are complex and low probability events composed of several disturbance forces that individually and in synergy affect different sectors of ecosystems, including the conditions that drive ecesis. I review the literature on disturbance research including the effects of extreme disturbance events on social–ecological–technological systems (SETSs). A SETS is an ecosystem defined by the flow and accumulation of energy through the medium of organisms, constructed infrastructure, institutions, and their environment. Human intentions, values, and capacities are part of the functioning of SETS, and they can drive ecological processes as do non-anthropogenic forces. Moreover, human-directed activities after an extreme disturbance event affect whole landscapes. The passage of hurricane María over the Puerto Rico SETS established that extreme disturbance events are of such power and complexity that they can influence the level and kind of relationship between humans and the environment, including the structure and species composition of the ecological systems within SETS. However, extreme disturbance events such as hurricanes have not changed the successional trajectory originally impulsed by anthropogenic disturbances. Thus, the species composition and functioning of novel forests in Puerto Rico are tied to economic activity in the social and technological sectors of SETS. It is no longer possible to interpret ecosystem functioning without considering the synergy between anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic extreme disturbances.
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Zhang, H., Z. Zhang, X. Guo, J. Zhao, and Y. Shan. "UNDERSTANDING THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN OF FIRE DISTURBANCE IN THE EASTERN MONGOLIA USING MODIS PRODUCT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 1921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-1921-2018.

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Fire disturbance plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance, biodiversity and self-renewal. In this paper, the spatio-temporal pattern of fire disturbances in eastern Mongolia are studied by using the ArcGIS spatial analysis method, using the MCD45A1 data of MODIS fire products with long time series. It provides scientific basis and reference for the regional ecological environment security construction and international ecological security. Research indicates: (1) The fire disturbance in eastern Mongolia has obvious high and low peak interleaving phenomenon in the year, and the seasonal change is obvious. (2) The distribution pattern of fire disturbance in eastern Mongolia is aggregated, which indicates that the fire disturbance is not random and it is caused by certain influence. (3) Fire disturbance is mainly distributed in the eastern province of Mongolia, the border between China and Mongolia and the northern forest area of Sukhbaatar province. (4) The fire disturbance in the eastern part of the study area is strong and the southwest is weaker. The spreading regularity of fire disturbances in eastern Mongolia is closer to the natural level of ecosystem.
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Crausbay, Shelley D., and Patrick H. Martin. "Natural disturbance, vegetation patterns and ecological dynamics in tropical montane forests." Journal of Tropical Ecology 32, no. 5 (July 14, 2016): 384–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000328.

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Abstract:Disturbance is a central process in forest dynamics, yet the role of natural disturbance in tropical montane forests (TMFs) has not been systematically addressed. We posit that disturbance in TMFs has a wider role than commonly acknowledged and its effects are distinctive because: (1) TMFs often have very low rates of productivity due to low resources, and so recovery from disturbance may be slow, (2) montane forests have marked environmental heterogeneity which interacts with disturbance, (3) a large percentage of TMFs are regularly exposed to high energy windstorms and landslides, and (4) TMFs contain a biogeographically rich mixture of tree species with divergent evolutionary histories that interact differently with different disturbance types. We reviewed the literature on natural disturbance in TMFs and found 119 peer-reviewed papers which met our search criteria. Our review shows that disturbance is widespread in TMFs with pronounced effects on structure, function, composition and dynamics. Disturbance is also evident in the ecology of TMF biota with clear examples of plant life-history traits adapted to disturbance, including disturbance-triggered germination, treefall gap strategies and resprouting ability. Important aspects of TMF disturbances are stochastic and site-specific, but there are broad patterns in disturbance type, frequency and severity along latitudinal, altitudinal and environmental gradients. Compared with the lowland tropics, TMF disturbances are more spatially structured, TMFs experience more disturbance types in a given area due to environmental complexity, and TMFs are much more prone to small-scale yet severe landslides as well the large and potentially catastrophic disturbances of cyclones, forest die-back and fire. On the whole, natural disturbance should assume a larger role in models of ecosystem processes and vegetation patterns in TMFs. An improved understanding of what creates variation in disturbance severity and post-disturbance recovery rates, how composition and diversity feedback on disturbance type and likelihood, and how global change will alter these dynamics are important priorities in future TMF ecology research.
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Pompa-García, Marín, Jan Altman, Daniela Sarahi Paéz-Meráz, and José Alexis Martínez Rivas. "Spatiotemporal Variability in Disturbance Frequency and Severity across Mexico: Evidence from Conifer Tree Rings." Forests 14, no. 5 (April 27, 2023): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14050900.

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It is critical to understand the ecological processes of forest dynamics by identifying past forest disturbances to take appropriate management actions. Tree-rings are commonly used for this purpose due to their reliability and accuracy. Here, we used a network of ring-width data distributed along a broad ecological gradient for the spatiotemporal identification of forest disturbances in 15 species of 13 sites of young Mexican conifers. We found different spatial and temporal patterns in the occurrence of forest disturbance. The species with the highest disturbance rates were Pinus patula (Ppa; El Jacalón), Pinus montezumae (Pmo; La Cueva), Pinus hartwegii (Phc; Cerro El Moro), and Pinus teocote (Pts; Rancho Joyas del Durazno) of the Gulf of Mexico, and Pinus ayacahuite (Pay; Corral de los Borregos) of the Mexico Center. The highest number of disturbances was found in 1953, 1956, 1976, and 1980; however, we noted that the number of disturbances tended to increase from 1975 to 1990 and particularly from 2000 onwards. The species close to the Gulf of Mexico presented a higher frequency and severity of disturbances than those located close to the Pacific Ocean. Thus, our results demonstrate a spatiotemporal pattern of disturbance events, which deserves further analysis, including regarding the drivers of disturbance. This knowledge is crucial for a better understanding of the dynamics of contemporary species.
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Kang, Hojeong, Sunghyun Kim, Keunyea Song, Min-Jung Kwon, and Jaehyun Lee. "Intermediate Disturbances Enhance Microbial Enzyme Activities in Soil Ecosystems." Microorganisms 12, no. 7 (July 11, 2024): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071401.

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The Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) posits that maximal plant biodiversity is attained in environments characterized by moderate ecological disturbances. Although the applicability of the IDH to microbial diversity has been explored in a limited number of studies, there is a notable absence of experimental reports on whether soil microbial ‘activity’ demonstrates a similar response to the frequency or intensity of environmental disturbances. In this investigation, we conducted five distinct experiments employing soils or wetland sediments exposed to varying intensities or frequencies of disturbances, with a specific emphasis on disturbances associated with human activity, such as chemical contamination, hydrologic changes, and forest thinning. Specifically, we examined the effects of bactericide and heavy metal contamination, long-term drainage, tidal flow, and thinning management on microbial enzyme activities in soils. Our findings revealed that microbial enzyme activities were highest at intermediate disturbance levels. Despite the diversity in experiment conditions, each trial consistently demonstrated analogous patterns, suggesting the robustness of the IDH in elucidating microbial activities alongside diversity in soils. These outcomes bear significant implications for ecological restoration and management, as intermediate disturbance may expedite organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycles, crucial for sustaining ecosystem services in soils.
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Drever, C. Ronnie, Garry Peterson, Christian Messier, Yves Bergeron, and Mike Flannigan. "Can forest management based on natural disturbances maintain ecological resilience?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-132.

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Given the increasingly global stresses on forests, many ecologists argue that managers must maintain ecological resilience: the capacity of ecosystems to absorb disturbances without undergoing fundamental change. In this review we ask: Can the emerging paradigm of natural-disturbance-based management (NDBM) maintain ecological resilience in managed forests? Applying resilience theory requires careful articulation of the ecosystem state under consideration, the disturbances and stresses that affect the persistence of possible alternative states, and the spatial and temporal scales of management relevance. Implementing NDBM while maintaining resilience means recognizing that (i) biodiversity is important for long-term ecosystem persistence, (ii) natural disturbances play a critical role as a generator of structural and compositional heterogeneity at multiple scales, and (iii) traditional management tends to produce forests more homogeneous than those disturbed naturally and increases the likelihood of unexpected catastrophic change by constraining variation of key environmental processes. NDBM may maintain resilience if silvicultural strategies retain the structures and processes that perpetuate desired states while reducing those that enhance resilience of undesirable states. Such strategies require an understanding of harvesting impacts on slow ecosystem processes, such as seed-bank or nutrient dynamics, which in the long term can lead to ecological surprises by altering the forest's capacity to reorganize after disturbance.
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Ojha, Santosh K., Kozma Naka, and Luben D. Dimov. "Assessment of Disturbances across Forest Inventory Plots in the Southeastern United States for the Period 1995–2018." Forest Science 66, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 242–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz072.

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Abstract Disturbances of varying frequency and intensity shape the species composition, stand structure, and functions of forests. This study assessed the frequency and distribution of disturbances caused by eight agents (insects, diseases, fire, animals, weather, other vegetation, human, and unknown) in the forests of the southeastern United States from 1995 to 2018. We used data from 88,722 inventory measurements of 33,531 plots from the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis database to assess disturbance among different forest types and to different canopy strata. Disturbances were detected in approximately 14 percent of the plots, located mostly in pine-dominated forest types. Fire was the most frequent disturbance agent (occurring 6 percent of the time), followed by weather and animal agents. The agents that caused the highest mortality rate during the period for saplings were silvicultural treatments (8.6 percent), other vegetation (5.6 percent), and fire (4.4 percent), whereas for trees they were silvicultural treatments (9.8 percent), weather (1.9 percent) and insects (1.7 percent). The forest type that appeared to have been most affected by disturbances was longleaf–slash pine of the Coastal Plain. These results are useful for understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of disturbance events in different southeastern forest types and locations and for guiding forest management activities to mitigate potential impacts.
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Konôpka, Bohdan, Peter Zach, and Ján Kulfan. "Wind – an important ecological factor and destructive agent in forests." Forestry Journal 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2016-0013.

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AbstractWind is both an ecological provider and disturbance facilitator influences trees and other organisms in forests. Impacts of wind on induvidual trees and forests mainly depend on the strength (or intensity) of the wind and the stability of the trees. Wind causes large-scale damage to forests and serious economical losses for the forestry sector within Europe. Therefore, knowledge of interactions between wind and trees and/or forests provides the baseline for developing adequate prevention or mitigation of the negative consequences associated with wind disturbances in forest ecosystems. Herein, we analyse the wind as an ecological and disturbance factor in forests in Europe, emphasising forests in Slovakia. Here, strong winds destroy mostly spruce dominated forests in the following regions; Orava, High and Low Tatra Mountains, Great Fatra Mountains, Pohronie, Poľana Mountains and Slovak Ore Mountains. Increasing volumes of timber damaged by windstorms have been documented since 1961, with the maximum damage recorded in 2004. Yearly volumes of damaged timber of approximately 2.5 mil. m3are predicted from 2016 to 2030. This highlights the data requirement regarding wind disturbances for integrated forest protection against dangerous winds and other disturbance agents in forest ecosystems in Slovakia and other European countries.
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Whicker, April D., and James K. Detling. "Ecological Consequences of Prairie Dog Disturbances." BioScience 38, no. 11 (December 1988): 778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310787.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ecological disturbances"

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Christianou, Maria. "Interaction strength and responses of ecological communities to disturbances /." Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2006/tek1002s.pdf.

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Dogwiler, Toby J. "Fluvial disturbances in karst streams /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060093.

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Yang, Jian. "Spatially explicit and stochastic forest landscape model of fire disturbance and succession." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4174.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (November 14, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Morgan, Michael Boyce. "Assessing coral stress responses at the level of gene expression." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27985.

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Pearson, Audrey F. "Natural disturbance patterns in a coastal temperate rain forest watershed, Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5513.

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Pankey, Joel Robert. "Centaurea in the Columbia basin ecoregion : disturbance, invasion, and competition." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/j_pankey_042109.pdf.

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Owusu-Afriyie, Kennedy. "Forest fire incidence, damage and control measures in Ghana." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=26030.

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Sun, Wei. "Velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina) encroachment and ecosystem CO₂ exchange in semiarid grassland insights from stable isotope measurements /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1960208391&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thomas, Jonathan Armstrong White Joseph Daniel. "Modeling canopy foliar traits and disturbance interactions in central Texas woodlands." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5337.

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Kariuki, Maina. "Modelling dynamics including recruitment, growth, and mortality for sustainable management in uneven-aged mixed-species rainforests." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/27/.

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Books on the topic "Ecological disturbances"

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Yāsīn, Aḥmad Āl. Zīr-i āsmān-i zamīn. Langarūd: Intishārāt-i Samarqand, 2004.

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1941-, Shigesada Nanako, and Tsuyuzaki Shirō 1961-, eds. Kakuran to senʼi no shizenshi: "akichi" no shokubutsu seitaigaku. Sapporo-shi: Hokkaidō Daigaku Shuppankai, 2008.

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1941-, Shigesada Nanako, and Tsuyuzaki Shirō 1961-, eds. Kakuran to senʼi no shizenshi: "akichi" no shokubutsu seitaigaku. Sapporo-shi: Hokkaidō Daigaku Shuppankai, 2008.

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P, Kershaw A., ed. Northern environmental disturbances. Edmonton, Alberta: Boreal Institute for Northern Studies, University of Alberta, 1988.

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Pelt, Jean-Marie. Les dons précieux de la nature. Paris: Fayard, 2010.

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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. An investigation of the interrelation of Everglades hydrology and Florida Bay dynamics to ecosystem processes in south Florida. [Reston, Va.?: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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Goigel, Turner Monica, and Bogucki D. J, eds. Landscape heterogeneity and disturbance. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Richling, Andrzej, and Michał Osowiec. Landscape ecological methods for strongly transformed areas. Warsaw: Warsaw University, Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, 2001.

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Poff, Boris. Threats to western United States riparian ecosystems: A bibliography. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2012.

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National Silvicultural Workshop (1999 Kalispell, Mont.). Proceedings, National Silvicultural Workshop: October 5-7, 1999, Kalispell, Montana. Edited by Barras Stanley J and Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fort Collins, Colo.). Fort Collins, CO: Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ecological disturbances"

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Bräuchler, Birgit. "Ecological Disturbances." In Plural Ecologies in Southeast Asia, 112–31. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003368182-7.

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Schiel, David R. "Multiple Stressors and Disturbances." In Ecological Studies, 281–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b76710_20.

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Roy, Suvendu. "Ecological Disturbances by Transportation Infrastructure." In Disturbing Geomorphology by Transportation Infrastructure, 189–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37897-3_8.

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Shorohova, Ekaterina, Tuomas Aakala, Sylvie Gauthier, Daniel Kneeshaw, Matti Koivula, Jean-Claude Ruel, and Nina Ulanova. "Natural Disturbances from the Perspective of Forest Ecosystem-Based Management." In Advances in Global Change Research, 89–121. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15988-6_3.

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AbstractNatural disturbances drive forest dynamics and biodiversity at different spatial and temporal scales. Forests in the boreal biome are shaped by several types of disturbance, including fire, windthrow, and insect outbreaks, that vary in frequency, extent, severity, and specificity. In managed forests, disturbances also affect the amount and quality of available timber. Ecosystem management uses information on disturbance regimes as a guide to finding a balance between ecological, economic, and social viewpoints. In this chapter, we review current knowledge on disturbance regimes in boreal forests and discuss some implications for managing the impact and risk of disturbances in the context of forest ecosystem management and restoration.
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Agnew, David J., and Stephen Nicol. "Marine disturbances: Commercial fishing." In Foundations for Ecological Research West of the Antarctic Peninsula, 417–35. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ar070p0417.

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Hjältén, Joakim, Jari Kouki, Anne Tolvanen, Jörgen Sjögren, and Martijn Versluijs. "Ecological Restoration of the Boreal Forest in Fennoscandia." In Advances in Global Change Research, 467–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15988-6_18.

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AbstractMixed-severity disturbances have historically shaped boreal forests, creating a dynamic mosaic landscape. In Fennoscandia, however, intensive even-aged forest management has simplified the forest landscape, threatening biodiversity. To safeguard this biodiversity, we therefore need to restore structural complexity in hitherto managed forests. Knowledge generated from relevant case studies on natural disturbance emulation–based ecological restoration suggests that prescribed burning positively affects many early-successional organisms. Gap cutting benefits some insects and wood fungi but has a limited effect on birds, bryophytes, and vascular plants. Restoration of deciduous forests appears to benefit light- and deciduous tree–associated insect species and some forest birds.
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Park, Pil Sun. "Effects of Climate and Rehabilitation on Forests and Forest Disturbances in Korea." In Forests as Complex Social and Ecological Systems, 137–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88555-7_7.

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Hovick, Torre J., Courtney J. Duchardt, and Cameron A. Duquette. "Rangeland Biodiversity." In Rangeland Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, 209–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34037-6_8.

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AbstractIn its simplest form, biodiversity is defined as species richness (the number of species in a given area). More complex definitions include the variety of life on Earth, from genes to ecosystems, and include the ecological and evolutionary processes that sustain that life. As in other ecosystems, biological communities in rangelands are influenced by a number of different abiotic and biotic drivers or “filters” at both broad and fine scales, and an understanding of these processes is critical for maintaining ecosystem services as well as addressing widespread biodiversity declines. In rangeland ecosystems specifically, the primary threats to biodiversity are habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation through mismanagement, which includes suppression or mis-application of historical disturbance regimes. Restoring heterogeneity to rangelands by mimicking historical disturbance regimes has been shown to benefit biodiversity, but the exact role of disturbance varies widely throughout North American rangelands. As such, careful consideration of the type, duration/periodicity, intensity, and spatial and temporal extent and configuration of these disturbances is necessary when managing for site-specific biodiversity outcomes. It is important to consider the effects of both inherent (i.e., either natural or historical) and human-caused variability on rangeland plant and wildlife communities. In the future, practitioners should promote management practices that maintain and enhance biodiversity to maximize ecosystem functions and services that improve the quality and quantity of economic (e.g., livestock production, carbon banking) and ecological (e.g., biodiversity, sustainability) outcomes in North American rangelands.
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Nishita, Tatsuki, Wataru Makino, Takao Suzuki, and Jotaro Urabe. "Ecological Responses of Macrobenthic Communities in Tidal Flats to Disturbances by the Great East Japan Earthquake." In Ecological Impacts of Tsunamis on Coastal Ecosystems, 151–64. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56448-5_11.

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Yu, Xiubo, Yu Liu, Shuli Niu, Wei Zhao, Chao Fu, and Zhi Chen. "Structure, Functions, and Interactions of Dryland Ecosystems." In Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Changing Environments, 69–107. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9375-8_3.

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AbstractUnderstanding the interactions between the structures and functions underlying regime shifts in dryland social-ecological systems (SESs) and how they respond to climate change is critical for predicting and managing the future of these ecosystems. Due to the high spatiotemporal variability and sensitivity of drylands ecosystem to natural and anthropogenic disturbances, it is challenging to predict the state shifts of dryland SESs. This theme delves into the mechanisms and geographical heterogeneity of resilience and the maintenance of the stability of dryland SESs that involve threshold behaviors. We emphasized the importance of considering both biotic and abiotic factors to identify the factors that drive the evolution of ecosystem structures and functions in drylands. The research frontier involves understanding how ecohydrological and socioeconomic processes drive the evolution of dryland SESs in a geographically diverse and scale-dependent context, developing comprehensive indicators, models, and multivariable approaches, and the development of effective management strategies that can maintain the sustainability of dryland SESs in the face of ongoing global environmental changes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ecological disturbances"

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Layton, Astrid, Bert Bras, and Marc Weissburg. "Ecological Robustness as a Design Principle for Sustainable Industrial Systems." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47560.

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Ecology has acted as a source for sound design principles and studies have examined how ecological principles can enhance sustainability in human industrial networks. Engineered systems are often designed for maximum performance, but in many cases robustness is sought with respect to unwanted variations in input or other parameters. Taguchi’s signal to noise ratio and other quality engineering principles are well known fundamentals in the field of robust design. In this paper, we will introduce flow-based equations from ecological network analysis (ENA) to determine how to modify the flows and connections in industrial systems to balance efficiency and robustness against disturbances. In ENA, the robustness of a system is given by the relationship of flow path diversity to system efficiency. Systems with diverse flows are more resilient to a disturbance since there are redundant pathways, but are inefficient precisely because they contain many flow paths with the same endpoints. Efficient systems have increased capacity to transfer material and energy, but this is at the cost of fewer pathways so the system is brittle. Thus, given a disturbance, a robust system balances redundancy with efficiency/capacity. Ecological systems seem to occupy a narrow range of states that balance efficiency and resilience to confer robustness. Human networks, like trade networks, water reclamation facilities, etc. have been analyzed using these robustness principles and methods for flow based ecological network analysis. These analyses show that human networks may be more brittle than their ecological counterparts because of insufficient flow path diversity.
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Rogozhina, Lyudmila D. "Educating ecological culture in children, teenagers and adults at the library." In The libraries and ecological education: Theory and practice. Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/978-5-85638-227-2-2020-244-246.

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Increasing ecosystem disturbances have made education of ecological culture one of key vectors of library work. Different approaches are needed for different age groups. The perception of ecological information by kids, teenagers and adults is characterized. The most efficient sociocultural activities in ecology targeted at different user age groups are reviewed.
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Baggio, Jacopo A., and Vicken Hillis. "Success biased imitation increases the probability of effectively dealing with ecological disturbances." In 2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2016.7822218.

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Bonchkovskyi, O., P. Ostapenko, V. Shvaiko, and A. Bonchkovskyi. "A Comprehensive Methodological Approach to Assessing War-Induced Soil Disturbances in the Kharkiv Region, Ukraine." In 17th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2023520068.

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Jiang, Z. H., L. H. Shu, and B. Benhabib. "Reliability Analysis of Non-Constant-Size Part Populations in Design for Remanufacture." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dfm-8935.

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Abstract Remanufacture offers significant economic and ecological advantages over other end-of-life options. The goal of this research is to enable estimation of cost due to replacement of parts in systems undergoing remanufacture. In our previous work, a novel repairable-system reliability model that allows system modifications was developed to describe a population of systems undergoing remanufacture. In this paper, the reliability model is modified to accommodate population size changes during the replacement process. The effects of two types of disturbances to population size, pulse and continuous, on the replacement rate behavior are studied. Analysis of actual industrial data is presented as an example of population replacement under continuous disturbance. This example confirms that a simulation using the reliability model proposed in this paper yields an estimation for replacement rate with acceptable error bound.
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Gerling, Heather S. "Minimizing the Impacts of Pipeline Development on Native Prairie Ecosystems: A Public Land Manager’s Perspective." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2124.

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Native prairie is recognized in Alberta for its significant ecological, cultural and economic value. Much of the remaining prairie in Alberta is under public ownership and is managed for multiple uses and values. This paper illustrates how public land managers and industry cooperate to minimize disturbance to this valuable resource. The emphasis at the planning stage is proper inventory and identification of sensitive landscape, plant and animal features on proposed alignments, followed by appropriate realignment or mitigative action. At the pre-construction phase, environmental training of staff has raised awareness about the value of the prairie resource. During construction, the implementation of traffic control plans, shut down criteria and innovative soil handling techniques have reduced the overall impact of activities. Use of special equipment, erosion control techniques and revegetation strategies during reclamation can enhance the recovery of prairie disturbances. Proper monitoring is an important component of successful reclamation, and can lead to modifications of methods and equipment that give better future protection to this valuable landscape.
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Chen, Zhaohua, Bill Jefferies, Paul Adlakha, Bahram Salehi, and Des Power. "Automatic Linear Disturbance Footprint Extraction Based on Dense Time-Series Landsat Imagery." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33172.

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Linear disturbances from the construction of pipelines, roads and seismic lines for oil and gas extraction and mining have caused landscape changes in Western Canada; however these linear features are not well recorded. Inventory maps of pipelines, seismic lines and temporary access routes created by resource exploration are essential to understanding the processes causing ecological changes in order to coordinate resource development, emergency response and wildlife management. Mapping these linear disturbances traditionally relies on manual digitizing from very high resolution remote sensing data, which usually limits results to small operational area. Extending mapping to large areas is challenging due to complexity of image processing and high logistical costs. With increased availability of low cost satellite data, more frequent and regular observations are available and offer potential solutions for extracting information on linear disturbances. This paper proposes a novel approach to incorporate spectral, geometric and temporal information for detecting linear features based on time series data analysis of regularly acquired, and low cost satellite data. This approach involves two steps: multi-scale directional line detection and line updating based on time series analysis. This automatic method can effectively extract very narrow linear features, including seismic lines, roads and pipelines. The proposed method has been tested over three sites in Alberta, Canada by detecting linear disturbances occurring over the period of 1984–2013 using Landsat imagery. It is expected that extracted linear features would be used to facilitate preparation of baseline maps and up-to-date information needed for environmental assessment, especially in extended remote areas.
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Vasiliev, Denis, Rodney Stevens, Richard Hazlett, and Lennart Bornmalm. "NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF GIS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN FOREST RESTORATION." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/3.1/s14.45.

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Forest restoration programmes take place globally and lay a pivotal role in addressing climate change and biodiversity loss. Often restoration programmes are based on simple plantation schemes, evenly planting trees that later on might contribute to economic activity. This, however, does not seem to be sufficient for supporting biodiversity. Recent research suggests that successful restorations should match original ecological patterns in any particular landscape, assuming that severe erosion and changing soil conditions have not taken place during disturbances. This means that understanding natural historic patterns is vital. However, achieving such understanding is often challenging, given the fact that historic satellite imagery is generally available only for relatively short time periods. It is therefore important, if possible, to model former landscape ecological patterns. Modelling might be based on different site-specific approaches and historical records. However, most powerful tools available today include deep learning and artificial intelligence. Construction and training of neural networks might allow simulation of historical forest patterns in cases when satellite imagery is not available for long time periods. Application of this technique is very likely to have important practical implications.
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Hassan, Hadear, Emily Payne, and Astrid Layton. "Quantifying the Sustainability and Robustness of Manufacturing Systems Using Energy and Ecological Network Analyses." In ASME 2023 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2023-116490.

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Abstract Global issues, such as supply chain disruptions, have increased awareness of the importance of manufacturing systems being able to quickly bounce back from disturbances. This necessary response is in addition to the importance of mitigating climate change, maintaining market competitiveness, and eliminating unnecessary waste. Two analysis types are compared here: 1) a thermodynamic exergy analysis to quantify a manufacturing system’s energy and material efficiency and 2) an ecological network analysis as a quantitative representation of the system’s sustainability and robustness. Several manufacturing structures, including different processes ranging from the traditional to advanced, like injection molding and binder jetting, are examined in terms of the system response to changes. The findings indicate that the thermodynamic approach efficiently evaluates the efficacy of energy and resource conversion to create a final product. The ecological network approach was also found to provide useful insights on both the environmental efficiency of the systems as well as the resilience. These results are useful when combined for suggesting system layouts and operations that holistically improve a manufacturing system’s design. The findings indicate that existing manufacturing infrastructure needs to be redesigned to better withstand and recover from unforeseen disruptions. Introducing features such as recyclability and combining multiple types of manufacturing processes can enhance the overall resilience of the system. The work suggests that the bio-inspired systems analysis approach when coupled with connectivity and energy-related factors can lead to enhanced manufacturing system designs.
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Chatterjee, Abheek, and Astrid Layton. "Bio-Inspired Human Network Design: A Multi-Currency Robustness Metric Inspired by Ecological Network Analysis." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98235.

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Abstract The Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) metric ecological robustness quantifies the unique balance that biological food webs have between their pathway efficiency and redundancy, enabling them to maximize their robustness to system disturbances. This robustness is a potentially desirable quality for human systems to mimic. Modeling the interactions between actors in human networks as predator-prey type exchanges (of a medium or currency rather than caloric exchanges) enables an ENA analysis. ENA has been shown to be a useful tool in improving the design of human networks because it allows the characteristics of biological networks to be mimicked. The application of these metrics is, however, limited to networks with only one flow type. Human networks are composed of many different types of flow interactions and thus a biologically-inspired indicator of total system robustness must take into account all of these interactions. This work further develops the traditional ENA ecological robustness metric to accommodate various flows between actors in multi-currency human networks. Two novel methods for quantifying multi-currency flow network robustness are introduced. The mathematical formulation for these new metrics is presented. The water network for the Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) is used as a case study to determine the benefits of the proposed robustness metrics. The results obtained using the single-currency robustness and the two multi-currency robustness metrics are compared using the case study. Based on the analysis of the results obtained at the system level, as well as at the sub-levels, both multi-currency metrics showed the ability to predict systems characteristics for the multi-currency Kalundborg EIP. While both of these are promising, more research regarding these metrics is needed in order to develop an elegant and comprehensive total system robustness metric.
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Reports on the topic "Ecological disturbances"

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Leis, Sherry, and Lloyd Morrison. Plant community trends at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve: 1998–2018. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294512.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network monitors plant communities at Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve and evaluates a variety of environmental variables that affect vegetation patterns, including climate and ecological disturbances such as fire and grazing. Here we report on 2002–2018 trends in management actions (fire and grazing) and key plant community indicators. Temperature has increased over the past 50 years in the region. Precipitation and a standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index included a high degree of interannual variability and did not demonstrate directional change. We documented a decline in disturbance intensity (i.e., less frequent prescribed fire and lower stocking rates) since 2006. A preserve goal is to maintain 30 to 60% of the area as bare ground (soil and rock) for ideal greater prairie-chicken habitat. Bare areas have been in decline and minimally meet the goal preserve wide. Bare areas vary by pasture and year, with bare areas exceeding the threshold in earlier years and Big Pasture and Red House Pasture falling short in some recent years. Although the preserve-scale mean minimally met the objective, there was a great deal of heterogeneity across monitoring sites. Litter cover and depth were greater than ecological recommendations for the greater prairie-chicken, especially in 2018. Litter depth demonstrated a great deal of variability and included deep litter. Woody plants were targeted to remain below 5% cover. Preserve- and pasture-scale cover means were well below this threshold but are increasing. Species richness on a per site basis (alpha diversity) and preserve-wide richness (gamma diversity) showed no apparent directional change when corrected for differences in sample size. Comparison of native species composition between 2002 and 2018 revealed a 36.9% difference in the Sørensen Index, although observer error accounted for almost 2/3 of this apparent change. The preserve continues to have characteristic tallgrass prairie species, and nonnative species continue to be low. Similar to targeted invasive plant monitoring, we found the target species Kentucky bluegrass to be below park thresholds. Continued evaluation of fire frequency and grazing intensity will be critical to achieving ecological goals including conserving the greater prairie-chicken. Development of a grazing plan may assist with prescribing stocking rates that are consistent with the preserve’s ecological and cultural objectives and could include alternative herbivores, such as goats or expansion of bison.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947062.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites and their associated state–and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level, based on ecological sites and state-and-transition models that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for the selection of management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6818230.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6876399.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947060.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6965584.ch.

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Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Bingham, Sonia, and Craig Young. Sentinel wetlands in Cuyahoga Valley National Park: I. Ecological characterization and management insights, 2008–2018. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296885.

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Sentinel wetlands at Cuyahoga Valley National Park (NP) comprise a set of twenty important management areas and reference sites. These wetlands are monitored more closely than other wetlands in the wetlands monitoring program and are the focus of the volunteer monitoring program for water levels. We used the Ohio Rapid Assessment Method (ORAM) to evaluate habitat in the sentinel wetlands. A total of 37 long-term sample plots have been established within these wetlands to monitor biological condition over time using vegetation as an indicator. Vegetation is intensively surveyed using the Vegetation Index of Biotic Integrity (VIBI), where all plant species within the plot are identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible (genus or species). Sample plots were surveyed twice from 2008 to 2018 and the vegetation data were evaluated using five metrics: VIBI, Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI), percent sensitive plant species, percent invasive graminoids, and species richness. These metrics are discussed for each location. This report also highlights relevant land use histories, common native plant species, and invasive species of concern at each wetland. This is the first report in a two-part series, designed to summarize the results from intensive vegetation surveys completed at sentinel wetlands in 2008–2018. Boston Mills, Virginia Kendall Lake, Stumpy Basin, Columbia, and Beaver Marsh are all in excellent condition at one or more plots. They have unique habitats with some specialized plant species. Fawn Pond is in good condition at most plots and scores very high in comparison to other wetlands within the riverine mainstem hydrogeomorphic class. Metric scores across mitigation wetlands were low. Two of the three wetlands (Brookside and Rockside) are not meeting the benchmarks originally established by the United States Army Corps of Engineers and Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. Krejci is still a young mitigation site and success will be determined over time. Park-supported invasive species control efforts will be crucial for long-term success of these sites and future mitigation/restoration projects. The wetlands monitored because of proposed ecological restoration projects (Pleasant Valley, Stanford, and Fawn Pond) have extensive invasive plant communities. These restoration sites should be re-evaluated for their feasibility and potential success and given an order of prioritization relative to the newer list of restoration sites. Cuyahoga Valley NP has added many new areas to their list of potential wetland restoration sites after these areas were selected, and there may be better opportunities available based on restoration objectives. Restoration goals should be based on the park's desired future conditions, and mitigation goals of outside partners may not always be in line with those. The multiple VIBI plots dispersed throughout the large wetlands at Cuyahoga Valley NP detected and illuminated spatial patterns in condition. Many individual wetlands had a wide range of VIBI scores within their boundaries, sometimes reflecting localized disturbances, past modifications, and management actions. Most often, these large fluctuations in condition were linked to local invasive plant infestations. These infestations appear to be the most obvious and widespread threat to wetland ecosystems within the park, but also the most controllable threat. Some sensitive species are still present in some of the lowest scoring plots, which indicates that invasive plant species control efforts may pay off immediately with a resurgence of native communities. Invasive plant control at rare habitat sites would have large payoffs over time by protecting some of the park's most unique wetlands. Reference wetlands would also be good demonstration sites for park managers to try to maintain exemplary conditions through active management. Through this work, park managers can evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and scalability of management practices required to maintain wetland condition.
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Franklin, Jerry F., Robert J. Mitchell, and Brian J. Palik. Natural disturbance and stand development principles for ecological forestry. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-19.

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Boyle, Maxwell. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cape Lookout National Seashore: 2022 data summary. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303636.

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Parks within the Southeast Coast Network (SECN) host a diverse assemblage of plants and terrestrial vegetation communities. Vegetation communities are dynamic entities whose species composition, abundance, distribution, and structure are influenced by environmental factors and impacted over time by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Determining trends in vegetation communities over time and identifying plant stressors is vital to understanding the ecological health of terrestrial ecosystems within SECN parks. Like most barrier islands along the southeastern coast, the vegetation communities along Cape Lookout National Seashore range from open beach and foredune grasslands on the ocean-facing side to tidal marshes on the sound-facing side. Between is a mixture of interdune swales, backdunes, and enclosed wetlands. Open upland vegetation is found on foredunes and occasional backdunes within the seashore. Cape Lookout National Seashore ecosystems are subjected to high frequencies of storm-, wind-, tide-, and wave-driven processes. Historic and current vegetation composition and structure are largely a result of these highly dynamic processes. Current vegetation patterns and processes across the Outer Banks are impacted and will continue to be impacted by rising sea-levels. Vegetation communities are vulnerable to overwash, which moves sand from the island?s ocean-side to the sound-side, brought on by more frequent and higher intensity storms. In 2019, Hurricane Dorian produced significant storm surge from the sound-side that overwashed the island and deposited sand into the ocean. Sand was scoured out from over 54 major cuts in the island, creating current ponds that are in various stages of succession. 2022 marked the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Cape Lookout National Seashore. Forty-nine vegetation plots were established throughout the park in May and June. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass estimates. Data were stratified across four dominant broadly defined habitats within four park subunits: North Core Banks, South Core Banks, Cape Lookout, and Shackleford Banks. Broadly defined habitats monitored included: Open Upland Vegetation, Upland Forests and Shrublands, Nontidal Wetland Vegetation and Tidal Wetlands. One hundred and eighty-six vascular plant taxa were detected during this monitoring effort, including 11 taxa not detected in previous lists. Human-caused disturbances (e.g., historical plowing, shifting fire regimes, and altered hydrology) affecting plant communities within other SECN parks were not observed within these plots during this survey effort. Stunted plant growth was observed on several plots of Shackleford Banks and is likely caused by feral horse grazing. It is unclear from these data if grazing has impacted overall vegetation diversity and structure patterns across the island.
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Schweiger, E., Joanna Lemly, Dana Witwicki, Kirk Sherrill, Ruth Whittington, Lewis Messner, Erin Cubley, Katherine Haynes, and Sonya Daw. Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument wetland ecological integrity: 2009?2019 synthesis report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300778.

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Wetlands at Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument (FLFO) are important because they are biodiversity hotspots and support iconic wildlife. They also provide valuable ?ecosystem services? such as attenuating floods, storing water, recharging aquifers, stabilizing and sequestering sediment, storing carbon, enhancing water quality, and cycling nutrients. This report summarizes 11 years (2009?2019) of wetland monitoring in three sentinel wetland complexes in FLFO. Monitoring included annual samples of 10 wet meadow and fen wetland sites in these complexes. We partition the data into a baseline period encompassing the first three years of our work for which we estimate conditions using a variety of indicators, or vital signs. We then estimate trend across the whole period of record. Results are compared to assessment points that allow us to interpret results in a management relevant context. We collected data on vascular plant species composition, woody species stand structure and damage and mortality of woody stems, soil chemistry, groundwater chemistry, and depth to water at shallow groundwater wells in each complex. We also documented human disturbance in and around each wetland complex. Projections suggest that climate change will likely reduce the number and extent of wetlands in the park and cause declines in the condition of associated flora and fauna and critical ecological functions, such as carbon and water storage. Human use can cause disturbance to wetlands across multiple scales and has well documented relationships with wetland condition. Wetlands at FLFO were impacted by over a century of cattle ranching and other human uses that increased soil erosion, altered hydrology, and made the area more susceptible to invasion by exotic plant species. Disturbance indicators at both a landscape and smaller scale generally showed an intermediate level of disturbance in and around our sentinel sites. Across all sites and indicators, we generally saw lower groundwater levels in response to drought conditions in 2010?2013 and in 2017?2018. However, groundwater at the Hornbek complex responded differently, potentially benefiting from a restoration project that filled incised channels in late summer 2012. Vegetation indicators showed relatively stable and healthy conditions in the park, except for native species cover, which was in intermediate condition.
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