Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ecological competition models

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Ecological competition models'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ecological competition models"

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Kandler, Anne, and James Steele. "Ecological Models of Language Competition." Biological Theory 3, no. 2 (June 2008): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/biot.2008.3.2.164.

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Mealey, Linda. "Evolutionary models of female intrasexual competition." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 2 (April 1999): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99451817.

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Female competition generally takes nonviolent form, but includes intense verbal and nonverbal harassment that has profound social and physiological consequences. The evolutionary ecological model of competitive reproductive suppression in human females, might profitably be applied to explain a range of contemporary phenomena, including anorexia.
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Jensen, A. L. "Simple models for exploitative and interference competition." Ecological Modelling 35, no. 1-2 (February 1987): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(87)90093-7.

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Il’ichev, Vitaly G. "Analysis of competition models in periodic medium." Ecological Modelling 216, no. 2 (August 2008): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.03.007.

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Haefner, James W., Geoffrey C. Poole, Patrick V. Dunn, and Richard T. Decker. "Edge effects in computer models of spatial competition." Ecological Modelling 56 (January 1991): 221–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(91)90201-b.

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van der Hoff, Quay, Johanna C. Greeff, and Temple H. Fay. "Defining a stability boundary for three species competition models." Ecological Modelling 220, no. 20 (October 2009): 2640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.07.027.

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Good, Benjamin H., Stephen Martis, and Oskar Hallatschek. "Adaptation limits ecological diversification and promotes ecological tinkering during the competition for substitutable resources." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 44 (October 15, 2018): E10407—E10416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807530115.

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Microbial communities can evade competitive exclusion by diversifying into distinct ecological niches. This spontaneous diversification often occurs amid a backdrop of directional selection on other microbial traits, where competitive exclusion would normally apply. Yet despite their empirical relevance, little is known about how diversification and directional selection combine to determine the ecological and evolutionary dynamics within a community. To address this gap, we introduce a simple, empirically motivated model of eco-evolutionary feedback based on the competition for substitutable resources. Individuals acquire heritable mutations that alter resource uptake rates, either by shifting metabolic effort between resources or by increasing the overall growth rate. While these constitutively beneficial mutations are trivially favored to invade, we show that the accumulated fitness differences can dramatically influence the ecological structure and evolutionary dynamics that emerge within the community. Competition between ecological diversification and ongoing fitness evolution leads to a state of diversification–selection balance, in which the number of extant ecotypes can be pinned below the maximum capacity of the ecosystem, while the ecotype frequencies and genealogies are constantly in flux. Interestingly, we find that fitness differences generate emergent selection pressures to shift metabolic effort toward resources with lower effective competition, even in saturated ecosystems. We argue that similar dynamical features should emerge in a wide range of models with a mixture of directional and diversifying selection.
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Griffiths, Jason I., Dylan Z. Childs, Ronald D. Bassar, Tim Coulson, David N. Reznick, and Mark Rees. "Individual differences determine the strength of ecological interactions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 29 (July 6, 2020): 17068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000635117.

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Biotic interactions are central to both ecological and evolutionary dynamics. In the vast majority of empirical studies, the strength of intraspecific interactions is estimated by using simple measures of population size. Biologists have long known that these are crude metrics, with experiments and theory suggesting that interactions between individuals should depend on traits, such as body size. Despite this, it has been difficult to estimate the impact of traits on competitive ability from ecological field data, and this explains why the strength of biotic interactions has empirically been treated in a simplistic manner. Using long-term observational data from four different populations, we show that large Trinidadian guppies impose a significantly larger competitive pressure on conspecifics than individuals that are smaller; in other words, competition is asymmetric. When we incorporate this asymmetry into integral projection models, the predicted size structure is much closer to what we see in the field compared with models where competition is independent of body size. This difference in size structure translates into a twofold difference in reproductive output. This demonstrates how the nature of ecological interactions drives the size structure, which, in turn, will have important implications for both the ecological and evolutionary dynamics.
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Lobry, Claude, Frédéric Mazenc, and Alain Rapaport. "Persistence in ecological models of competition for a single resource." Comptes Rendus Mathematique 340, no. 3 (February 2005): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crma.2004.12.021.

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Larsen, Lawrence C., and William A. Williams. "Fitting De Wit competition models with general nonlinear regression programs." Ecological Modelling 41, no. 1-2 (April 1988): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(88)90051-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ecological competition models"

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Vuuren, Jan H. van. "Permanence and asymptotic stability in diagonally convex reaction-diffusion systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294385.

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Hill, Russell Anthony. "Ecological and demographic determinants of time budgets in baboons : implications for cross-populational models of baboon socioecology." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366387.

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Hoeksema, Jason Dale. "Mutualism and competition in ecological communities : biological market models and experiments with conifer seedlings and mycorrhizal fungi /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Mandai, Camila Yumi. "Simulações Computacionais em Ecologia de Comunidades: uma Interface Intuitiva entre Modelos Verbais e Matemáticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-01022016-085828/.

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Hipóteses e sistemas ecológicos podem ser descritos pelos mais variados tipos de modelos teóricos. Modelos teóricos por sua vez descrevem sistemas idealizados e podem ser construídos sob diferentes abordagens. A ecologia foi profundamente influenciada por modelos ou hipóteses verbais construídos em uma abordagem predominantemente indutiva. Apesar de inspiradoras, tais hipóteses podem apresentar previsões que são logicamente falhas, uma vez que sistemas ecológicos são altamente complexos cujas trajetórias são difíceis de se prever intuitivamente. Neste sentido modelos teóricos quantitativos podem ser usados como ferramentas para traduzir hipóteses e deduzir previsões que podem ser confrontadas com dados reais. Modelos matemáticos são a forma mais tradicional e aceita de abordagem quantitativa. Apesar das vantagens analíticas da aplicação de modelos matemáticos, eles apresentam limitações para tratar de sistemas mais complexos e em escalas mais basais. Além disso, eles podem se tornar rapidamente complicados não só em termos de tratamento matemático mas também de entendimento por parte de um público mais biológico e empírico. Essa dificuldade de entendimento pode estar impedindo que estudos empíricos sejam fortemente embasados em teoria. Neste sentido, modelos computacionais pode ser uma solução promissora. Modelos computacionais podem ser criados para descrever sistemas virtuais que além de ser mais fáceis de serem desenvolvidos e entendidos por biólogos, permitem a inclusão de vários processos, variáveis e interações. Neste trabalho desenvolvemos um modelo baseado em indivíduos (IBM) para descrever comunidades com estocasticidade demográfica, interações intra e inter-específicas e dispersão. Com essa composição de modelo é possível combinar de diferentes maneiras três dos quatro processos presentes em hipóteses e teorias em ecologia, a saber: deriva, seleção e dispersão. No primeiro capítulo descrevemos os detalhes do modelo e como foi sua concepção e implementação. Ainda no neste capítulo simulamos o modelo explorando um espaço de parâmetros arbitrário, i.e. sem especificar um grupo ou sistema de estudo e analisamos o comportamento do modelo em relação à proporção de espécies persistentes ao fim da simulação e comparamos com a previsão do modelo determinístico de competição sem dispersão. No segundo capítulo aplicamos o modelo em uma versão não espacializada para avaliar dentro das premissas do modelo a consistência lógica das previsões da Hipótese da perturbação intermediária (IDH). No terceiro capítulo simulamos o modelo explorando um espaço de parâmetros baseados em dados empíricos de aves e avaliamos quais características das espécies as tornavam mais ou menos suscetíveis à extinção em paisagens com destruição de habitat. Por fim, discutimos brevemente sobre como o modelo apresentado o modelo apresentado e explorado aqui pode ser usado para diferentes propósitos e responder diferentes perguntas dentro dos contextos teóricos de cada capítulo da tese. E concluímos com algumas considerações finais sobre quais foram as contribuições de se desenvolver um modelo computacional e aplicá-lo a diferentes contextos nesta tese para a formação da doutoranda.
Ecological systems and hypothesis can be described by many different kinds of theoretical models. Theoretical models, on the other hand, are idealized descriptions of real systems that can be constructed under different approaches. Ecology was deeply influenced by verbal models or hypothesis under a inductive approach. Although inspiring, such hypothesis can be logically flawed, since ecological systems are highly complex which trajectories are difficult to predict by intuition. Accordingly quantitative theoretical models can be used as tools to translate hypotheses and deduce predictions that can be confronted with empirical data. Mathematical models are most traditional and well-accepted quantitative approach. Despite of the analytical advantages of using mathematical models , they have limitations to address the complexity of biological systems in lower scales. Furthermore, they become rapidly complicated not only in terms of mathematical treatment but also in terms of comprehension by a biological and empirical audience. This difficulties might prevent that theoretical studies predictions play its role of ground empirical studies. In this sense, computer simulation models can be a promising solution. Computer simulation models are more flexible to include various processes, variables and interaction than mathematical models. Furthermore, they create virtual systems that are easier to be developed and understood by biologists. Here, we developed an individual based model (IBM) to describe communities with stochastic demography, intra and inter-specific interactions and dispersion. With this configuration we can build models combining of different manners three of the four processes present in hypotheses and theories in ecology: drift, selection and dispersal. In the first chapter we describe the model details of implementation and conceptions. We also simulated the model to explore a broad parameter space of competing systems, without specifying a group or system of study; we then analyze the model behavior regarding the proportion of persistent species in the end of the simulation and compared the results with the predictions of deterministic model with competition, without dispersion. In the second chapter we apply the model in a non spatialized version of it to assess the logical consistency of the predictions of the Intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH). In the third chapter we used the model to describe fragmented landscapes. We explored a parameter parameters based on empirical data of birds and we evaluate which characteristics of the species made them more or less susceptible to extinction in landscapes with habitat destruction. Finally, we discussed briefly how the model can be used for different purposes and some of the future directions within the theoretical contexts of each chapter of the thesis. We conclude the thesis with a reflexion on how the development and exploration of computer model in this thesis contributed to the student ecological background.
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Lozano, Jarque Demetrio. "Análisis del comportamiento táctico ofensivo en alto rendimiento en balonmano." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283756.

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L'objectiu d'aquest estudi és analitzar el comportament tàctic ofensiu en l’alt rendiment d´handbol i la seva relació amb els diferents factors del rendiment en els contextos sistèmic-ecològic-competitius. Per a la seva anàlisi s'ha utilitzat la metodologia observacional, creant un instrument d'observació ad hoc (SOCTO) i un instrument de registre construït en el software LINCE, que ens ha permès l'observació i el registre de 10 criteris i 48 categories identificades com factors de rendiment rellevants en handbol. Es van analitzar els partits més importants de les competicions internacionals sènior masculines d'handbol, en un total de 38 enfrontaments de les fases finals del Campionat d'Europa, Campionat del Món i Jocs Olímpics disputats entre gener del 2011 i agost del 2012, registrant un total de 2134 possessions de pilota, definides com unitats d'observació, compostes per 3245 seqüències de comportaments tàctics ofensives. El tractament de les dades es va realitzar mitjançant el paradigma de Mixed Methods, combinant l'anàlisi estadístic descriptiu i anàlisi de T-patterns, realitzant diferents proves estadístiques de distribució percentual, chi-cuadrado y residuos ajustados con el software SPPS y Theme 6. Les conclusions evidencien les relacions entre els diferents factors de rendiment , posant de manifest l'elevada complexitat del sistema i els principis d'autoorganització no lineal de la dinàmica de joc , destacant la importància dels mitjans tàctics bàsics , com un recurs necessari per complementar la contínua utilització de mitjans tàctics complexos en alt rendiment en handbol.
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el comportamiento táctico ofensivo en alto rendimiento en balonmano y su relación con los diferentes factores de rendimiento en contextos sistémico-ecológico-competitivos. Se ha utilizado la metodología observacional, creando un instrumento de observación ad hoc (SOCTO) y un instrumento de registro construido en el software LINCE, que permite la observación y el registro de 10 criterios y 48 categorías identificados como factores de rendimiento. Se analizaron 38 enfrentamientos de las fases finales del Campeonato de Europa, Campeonato del Mundo y Juegos Olímpicos disputados entre enero del 2011 y agosto del 2012, registrando un total de 2134 posesiones de balón, definidas como unidades de observación, compuestas por 3245 comportamientos tácticos ofensivos registrados secuencialmente. El tratamiento de los datos se realizó el paradigma de Mixed methods, combinando el análisis descriptivos y análisis de T-patterns, realizando diferentes pruebas estadísticas de distribución porcentual, chi-cuadrado y residuos ajustados con el software SPPS y Theme 6. Las conclusiones evidencian las relaciones entre los diferentes factores de rendimiento, poniendo de manifiesto la elevada complejidad del sistema y los principios de auto-organización no lineal de la dinámica de juego, destacando la importancia de los medios tácticos básicos, como un recurso necesario para complementar la continua utilización de medios tácticos complejos en alto rendimiento en balonmano.
The aims of this study are to analyze the offensive tactical behavior in high performance in handball and its relation with the different performance factors in systemic-ecological-competitive contexts. For its analysis has been used the observational methodology, creating an observation instrument ad hoc (SOCTO) and an instrument of record constructed in the software LINCE, which allows the observation and the record of 10 criteria and 48 categories identified like excellent performance factors. There analyzed the most important parties of the international competitions senior masculine of handball, in a whole of 38 clashes of the final phases of the Championship of Europe, Championship of the World and Olympic Games disputed between January, 2011 and August, 2012, registering a whole of 2134 possessions of ball, defined as units of observation, composed by 3245 offensive tactical behavior sequences. The treatment of the information was realized by the Mixed methods paradigm, combining the analysis descriptive and analysis of T-patterns, realizing different statistical tests of percentage distribution, chi-square and residues fitted with the software SPPS and Theme 6. The conclusions demonstrate the relations between the different performance factors, revealing the high complexity of the system and the beginning of not linear auto-organization of the dynamics of game, emphasizing the importance of the basic tactical means, like a necessary resource to complement the continuous use of complex tactical means in high performance in handball.
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Ferreira, Tiago Finkler. "O papel das macrófitas submersas sobre a qualidade da água, restauração e conservaçao de lagos rasos subtropicais : estudo de caso, a Lagoa Mangueira, RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18978.

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O objetivo desta Tese foi avaliar o papel da macrófitas submersas em relação à qualidade da água, interações com o fitoplâncton e ciclagem biogeoquímica na Lagoa Mangueira, um grande lago raso subtropical, no sul do Brasil. Para alcançar estes objetivos, este trabalho conta com uma série de abordagens, como: levantamentos de campo, etapas experimentais e uso de modelos ecológicos para avaliar a influência de macrófitas sobre a dinâmica do ecossistema de estudo, cujas águas são intensamente exploradas para suprir a cultura de arroz em sua área de entorno. Ao longo de seus 200km de perímetro litorâneo, a Lagoa apresenta maciços estandes submersos de vegetação. A análise de qualidade da água e estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica ao longo de um gradiente de vegetação submersa, partindo da zona litorânea para a zona pelágica (sem vegetação), revelou menor disponilibidade de nutrientes como orto-fosfato (PO4) e menor concentração de clorofila-a (Clo-a), na área com vegetação submersa. Na zona pelágica, os maiores valores de Clo-a foram corroborados pela maior biomassa fitoplanctônica, sendo representada principalmente por espécies de cianobactérias. Tais evidências sugerem o efeito antagônico entre macrófitas e fitoplâncton, como a competição por nutrientes e alelopatia. Em laboratório, estes mecanismos puderam ser comprovados em experimentos de coexistência realizados em microcosmos com 4 espécies de macrófitas nativas e uma cepa da cianobactéria Microcystis aeruginosa. Os testes envolveram níveis distintos de intensidade luminosa e concentração de PO4 visando determinar limiares para a ocorrência de alelopatia. As espécies Cabomba caroliniana e Myriophyllum spicatum se demonstraram potencialmente alelopáticas enquanto que as espécies Ceratophyllum demersum e Egeria densa apresentaram elevada capacidade de absorção de PO4 (±0,35 mg.g-1d-1) reduzindo rapidamente a concentração deste nutriente a valores abaixo de 0,05 mg.L-1. Outra abordadem experimental foi conduzida para parametrizar a cinética da liberação de nutrientes e carbono de 5 espécies de macrófitas durante o processo de decomposição. Com o auxílio de modelos ecológicos, foi simulado o crescimento de macrófitas submersas em lagos subtropicais e temperados. Isto foi realizado visando avaliar a possibilidade de aumento da resilência do estado de dominância por macrófitas em lagos de baixa latidude devido ao crescimento contínuo da vegetação, ao contrário de lagos temperados, onde as plantas morrem sazonalmente em função do inverno rigoroso. Além disso, foram simulados cenários considerando a possibilidade de colapso da vegetação submersa na Lagoa Mangueira em função de intensa tomada da água da Lagoa para irrigação. Com base na modelagem, foi possível estimar limiares de eutrofização para a proliferação do fitoplâncton. Em suma, os resultados comprovaram os mecanismos de retroalimentação positiva de macrófitas submersas sobre a qualidade da água e importância de suas funções ecológicas para o estado trófico e gestão da Lagoa Mangueira. Além disso, este conjunto de informações constitui uma base teórico-prática para o manejo, restauração e conservação de lagos rasos subtropicais e tropicais.
The aim of this Thesis was to evaluate the role of the submerged macrophytes with respect to water quality and, interactions with phytoplankton and nutrient cycling in the large shallow subtropical Lake Mangueira, southern Brazil. To achieve these goals, this work counts with approaches in situ, in laboratory and aplication of ecological modelling to verifify the influence of the submerged vegetation over the dynamics of the ecosystem, whose water is intensively explored to irrigate rice crops around its surrounding area. Over the 200km of the lake littoral perimeter, several submerged macrophyte beds are established. The analysis of water quality and phytoplankton structure along a macrophyte-pelagic gradient revealed lower concentration of orto-phosphate (PO4) and chlorophyll-a (Chlo-a) in the vegetated area. At the pelagic zone, the higher Chlo-a values were corroborated by the higher biomass of phytoplankton, which was mostly composed by cyanobacteria species. Such evidences suggest the antagonistic relantionship between macrophytes and phytoplankton as nutrient competition and allelopathy. Experiments of coexistance, in microcosms, with 4 native submerged macrophytes and a toxic strain of the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa proved the occurrence of these mechanisms. The experiments included different levels of light intensity and orto-phosphate concentration (PO4) in the medium aiming to identify thresholds in which allelopathy is likely to occur. The macrophytes Cabomba caroliniana and Myriophyllum spicatum showed allelopathic potential while the species Ceratophyllum demersum and Egeria densa showed a high capacity for PO4 absorption (±0.35 mg.g-1d-1), being able to reduce this nutrient to lower levels than 0.05 mg.L-1. Another experimental approach was carried out to parameterize the leaching of nutrients and carbon from 5 macrophytes under decaying process. Moreover, ecological modelling was utilized to simulate the growth of submerged macrophytes in subtropical and temperate lakes. This was done aiming to evaluate the possibility of resilience enhancement of the clear water state in lakes of low latitude because the plants can grow continuously, in contrast with temperate lakes, where they die seasonally due to rigorous winter. In addition, simulation of scenarios considering the collapse of the vegetation in Lake Mangueira because of water uptake for rice crops were carried out in oder to provide elements for the ecosystem management. Through this approach, it was possible to forecast possible eutrophication thresholds for phytoplankton blomming. In conclusion, the results proved the the postive feed-back mechanisms exerted by the submerged macrophytes on the water quality and the importance of their ecological functions to the trophic state of Lake Mangueira. In addition, such information serve as theoretical and practical basis for the management, restoration and conservation of subtropical and tropical shallow lakes.
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Lucas, D. Pulane. "Disruptive Transformations in Health Care: Technological Innovation and the Acute Care General Hospital." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2996.

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Advances in medical technology have altered the need for certain types of surgery to be performed in traditional inpatient hospital settings. Less invasive surgical procedures allow a growing number of medical treatments to take place on an outpatient basis. Hospitals face growing competition from ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). The competitive threats posed by ASCs are important, given that inpatient surgery has been the cornerstone of hospital services for over a century. Additional research is needed to understand how surgical volume shifts between and within acute care general hospitals (ACGHs) and ASCs. This study investigates how medical technology within the hospital industry is changing medical services delivery. The main purposes of this study are to (1) test Clayton M. Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation in health care, and (2) examine the effects of disruptive innovation on appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and bariatric surgery (ACBS) utilization. Disruptive innovation theory contends that advanced technology combined with innovative business models—located outside of traditional product markets or delivery systems—will produce simplified, quality products and services at lower costs with broader accessibility. Consequently, new markets will emerge, and conventional industry leaders will experience a loss of market share to “non-traditional” new entrants into the marketplace. The underlying assumption of this work is that ASCs (innovative business models) have adopted laparoscopy (innovative technology) and their unification has initiated disruptive innovation within the hospital industry. The disruptive effects have spawned shifts in surgical volumes from open to laparoscopic procedures, from inpatient to ambulatory settings, and from hospitals to ASCs. The research hypothesizes that: (1) there will be larger increases in the percentage of laparoscopic ACBS performed than open ACBS procedures; (2) ambulatory ACBS will experience larger percent increases than inpatient ACBS procedures; and (3) ASCs will experience larger percent increases than ACGHs. The study tracks the utilization of open, laparoscopic, inpatient and ambulatory ACBS. The research questions that guide the inquiry are: 1. How has ACBS utilization changed over this time? 2. Do ACGHs and ASCs differ in the utilization of ACBS? 3. How do states differ in the utilization of ACBS? 4. Do study findings support disruptive innovation theory in the hospital industry? The quantitative study employs a panel design using hospital discharge data from 2004 and 2009. The unit of analysis is the facility. The sampling frame is comprised of ACGHs and ASCs in Florida and Wisconsin. The study employs exploratory and confirmatory data analysis. This work finds that disruptive innovation theory is an effective model for assessing the hospital industry. The model provides a useful framework for analyzing the interplay between ACGHs and ASCs. While study findings did not support the stated hypotheses, the impact of government interventions into the competitive marketplace supports the claims of disruptive innovation theory. Regulations that intervened in the hospital industry facilitated interactions between ASCs and ACGHs, reducing the number of ASCs performing ACBS and altering the trajectory of ACBS volume by shifting surgeries from ASCs to ACGHs.
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"Persistence for "Kill the Winner" and Nested Infection Lotka-Volterra Models." Doctoral diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.40772.

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abstract: In recent decades, marine ecologists have conducted extensive field work and experiments to understand the interactions between bacteria and bacteriophage (phage) in marine environments. This dissertation provides a detailed rigorous framework for gaining deeper insight into these interactions. Specific features of the dissertation include the design of a new deterministic Lotka-Volterra model with n + 1 bacteria, n/n + 1 phage, with explicit nutrient, where the jth phage strain infects the first j bacterial strains, a perfectly nested infection network (NIN). This system is subject to trade-off conditions on the life-history traits of both bacteria and phage given in an earlier study Jover et al. (2013). Sufficient conditions are provided to show that a bacteria-phage community of arbitrary size with NIN can arise through the succession of permanent subcommunities, by the successive addition of one new population. Using uniform persistence theory, this entire community is shown to be permanent (uniformly persistent), meaning that all populations ultimately survive. It is shown that a modified version of the original NIN Lotka-Volterra model with implicit nutrient considered by Jover et al. (2013) is permanent. A new one-to-one infection network (OIN) is also considered where each bacterium is infected by only one phage, and that phage infects only that bacterium. This model does not use the trade-offs on phage infection range, and bacterium resistance to phage. The OIN model is shown to be permanent, and using Lyapunov function theory, coupled with LaSalle’s Invariance Principle, the unique coexistence equilibrium associated with the NIN is globally asymptotically stable provided that the inter- and intra-specific bacterial competition coefficients are equal across all bacteria. Finally, the OIN model is extended to a “Kill the Winner” (KtW) Lotka-Volterra model of marine communities consisting of bacteria, phage, and zooplankton. The zooplankton acts as a super bacteriophage, which infects all bacteria. This model is shown to be permanent.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Applied Mathematics 2016
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Shih, Chia-Lung, and 石佳隴. "Effects of Ecological Competition on Assessing Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) Stocks in the Atlantic Ocean by Production Model with a Bayesian Approach." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60857273690338923136.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
海洋研究所
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Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) stocks in the Atlantic Ocean are mainly distributed in the tropical waters. These two stocks spawn in the Gulf of Guinea during summer. When they are in their juvenile stage, these two stocks mix in the surface waters. In addition, the stomach contents of these two stocks show dietary overlap. Thus, we hypothesized that these two stocks may show the effects of ecological competition on both. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of ecological competition on assessing yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna stocks by using the surplus production model with a Bayesian approach. In the analysis of Taiwanese longline fishery data, the results showed that there were two fishing types in the fishery. One fishing type was using lower number hooks of per basket (8-11 hooks), operating majorly in the higher latitude of waters (north of 15oN and south of 20oS), targeting on albacore and called as regular longline fishery. Another fishing type was using higher number hooks per basket (15-18 hooks), operating majorly in the lower latitude of waters (15oN-20oS), targeting on bigeye tuna and bycatching yellowfin tuna, and called as deep longline fishery. The standardized yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna abundance indexes of this study showed extreme high CPUEs in 1994 and 1995, and highly temperal variation. In the sensitivity analysis of Bayesian approach, the results showed that unreasonable priors setting and questionable country fishery abundance indexes would result in bias of stock assessment. While input data included bigeye tuna abundance indexes of Taiwanese longline fihsery, the estimated parameters of production model showed a slight diference. In the analysis of the effects of competition on assessing yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna stocks, the results showed that the competition exist in the two stocks. Yellowfin tuna stock could obviously decrease the biomass of bigeye tuna stock (w2=0.2304) and bigeye tuna stock would lightly decrease the biomass of yellowfin tuna stock (w1=0.0981). The estimated parameters of yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna stocks estimated by the model with competition became smaller than these estimated by the single-species model, but the maximum sustainable yield (73,000 tons) of bigeye tuna estimated by the model with competition were smaller than that (maximum sustainable yield: 95,000 tons) estimated by the single-species model. Thus, we suggested that the total allowable catch of yellowfin tuna stock could be maintained at the current catch level (110,000 tons), whereas that of bigeye tuna stock should be decreased from 85,000 tons to 40,000 tons to avoid overexploiting this stock.
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Freire, Catarina Suzano. "Comparação entre o modelo nacional de gestão de resíduos de embalagens e o modelo implementado na Alemanha." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21737.

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Os resíduos são uma preocupação crescente e transversal a toda a sociedade. A sua gestão enfrenta novos desafios todos os dias, com os países obrigados a adotar novas medidas e estratégias como resposta. Neste estudo é elaborada uma comparação entre Portugal e Alemanha, ao nível dos seus modelos de gestão de resíduos de embalagem, com o intuito de retirar possíveis medidas a implementar que permitam a melhoria do desempenho do modelo nacional. Inicia-se o estudo por uma revisão de literatura sobre a gestão de resíduos e respetivos sistemas e sobre o Princípio da Responsabilidade Alargada do Produtor, princípio este fundamental nos modelos de gestão de resíduos. Aborda-se ainda a questão da presença de monopólios e quais os efeitos da concorrência entre as Organizações de Responsabilidade do Produtor - ORP’s. Seguidamente, desenvolve-se uma investigação qualitativa para avaliar os modelos de gestão de resíduos de embalagem, consoante a sua configuração, performance e concorrência. Os resultados revelaram que Portugal necessita de tomar medidas urgentes para conseguir alcançar as metas de reciclagem e valorização impostas pela UE até 2025. Nesse sentido, apresentam-se possíveis estratégias que podem contribuir para o cumprimento das metas. Por fim, efetua-se uma análise particular ao sistema português, avaliando as consequências da introdução de concorrência entre as ORP’s. Para tal, irá aferir-se qual o impacto no número de embalagens declaradas, na produção de resíduos de embalagem produzidos e respetiva retoma, bem como na prestação financeira Ecovalor e ao nível do investimento em sensibilização e Investigação & Desenvolvimento.
The waste is a growing concern that affects the society. Its management faces new challenges every day, with countries forced to adopt new measures and strategies in response to face it. In this study, a comparison is made between Portugal and Germany, in terms of their packaging waste management models, to take possible measures to be implemented that allow the improvement of the Portuguese’s system performance. The research begins with a literature review about waste management and their respective systems, and the Principle of Extended Producer Responsibility, this is a fundamental principle of waste management models. It also discusses the issue of the presence of monopolies, and what are the effects of competition between Producer Responsibility Organizations - PRO's. Subsequently, a qualitative investigation is carried out to evaluate the packaging waste management models, depending on their configuration, performance, and competition. The results of this investigation revealed that Portugal needs to take urgent measures to achieve the recycling and recovery targets imposed by the EU until 2025. In this sense, possible strategies are presented that can contribute to the achievement of the goals. Finally, a particular analysis is conducted to the Portuguese system, assessing the consequences of the introduction of competition between PRO's. It will try to quantify the impact on the number of packages declared, on the production of packaging waste produced and the respective recovery, as well as on the financial provision (Ecovalor) and on the level of investment in awareness and Research & Development.
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Books on the topic "Ecological competition models"

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Hirsch, Ben T., and Matthew E. Gompper. Causes and consequences of coati sociality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0028.

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Coati species exhibit a level of sociality uncommon among carnivores, and coatis can provide a valuable test of models relating ecology to social behaviour. This chapter draws principally on the authors’ research in Panama (Nasua narica) and Argentina (Nasua nasua), but also discuss insights gained from work conducted in the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Brazil. Based on these comparisons, the authors posit that predation and feeding competition have been two of the strongest forces shaping coati social patterns and discuss how socio-ecological pressures affect almost every aspect of coati biology, including; morphology, feeding ecology, reproduction, demography, and disease spread.
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Hass, Christine C., and Jerry W. Dragoo. Competition and coexistence in sympatric skunks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0024.

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Ecological niches of three species of skunks (Mephitidae: Conepatus leuconotus, Mephitis mephitis, M. macroura) in and near their overlap zone in the American Southwest were studied to determine if competition may be limiting distribution of these species. A species distribution model developed in MaxEnt was used to identify suitable habitat for each species, from which contact zones for each species pair were identified. Principal components derived from habitat and climate variables inside and outside of contact zones for each species, and between species pairs within the contact zone were then compared. Species differed in environmental space inside and outside of contact zones, but species pairs did not differ within contact zones, indicating no evidence of competitive exclusion, and possible niche convergence at a broad spatial scale
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Bateman, Benjamin. The Modernist Art of Queer Survival. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676537.001.0001.

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This book explores an archive of modernist literature that conceives survival as a collective enterprise linking lives across boundaries of race, time, class, species, gender, and sexuality. As social Darwinism promoted a selfish, competitive, and combatively individualistic understanding of survival, the four modernists examined here countered by imagining how postures of precarity, vulnerability, and receptivity can breed pleasurably and environmentally sustainable modes of interdependent survival. These modes prove particularly vital and appealing to queer bodies, desires, and intimacies deemed unfit, abnormal, or unproductive by heterosexist ideologies. Henry James’s “The Beast in the Jungle” opposes “survival of the fittest” doctrines and Progressive-era masculinity with a feminist-inspired cultivation of ecological humility and interspecies collaboration. Oscar Wilde develops an autobiographical form that expresses collective subjectivity in De Profundis, an epistolary testament to the constitutive role of suffering in queer community formation. E. M. Forster imagines, in Howards End, how queer ideas and intimacies survive courtesy of invitations that awaken both inviters and invitees to unexpected relational possibilities freed from conventional timelines of development and realization. In Forster’s A Passage to India, the pursuit of “queer invitations” models an evolutionary succession defined by careful attention to creaturely inheritance and by ethical responses to the countless lives, including those obfuscated by imperial privilege, required for the successful survival of any individual life. Finally, Willa Cather’s short and long fiction, including “Consequences,” Lucy Gayheart, and The Professor’s House, argues for suicide as a way of life as it transforms the impulse to throw life away into an ethical alternative to the greedy logics of capitalism.
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Book chapters on the topic "Ecological competition models"

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Caswell, Hal, and Joel E. Cohen. "Communities in Patchy Environments: A Model of Disturbance, Competition, and Heterogeneity." In Ecological Studies, 97–122. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3062-5_6.

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Liu, Jianguo, and Weiping Wu. "Coevolutionary Optimization Algorithm: With Ecological Competition Model." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 68–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24282-3_10.

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Kuebbing, Sara E. "How direct and indirect non-native interactions can promote plant invasions, lead to invasional meltdown and inform management decisions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 153–76. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0153.

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Abstract In 1999, Daniel Simberloff and Betsy Von Holle introduced the term 'invasional meltdown'. The term and the concept have been embraced and critiqued but have taken a firm hold within the invasion biology canon. The original formulation of the concept argued two key points: first, biologists rarely study how non-natives interact with one another. Second, nearly all the conceptual models about the success and impact of invasive species are predicated on the importance of competitive interactions and an implicit assumption that non-natives should interfere with establishment, spread and impact of other non-natives. In response, Simberloff and Von Holle called for more research on invader interactions and proposed an alternative consequence of non-native species interactions - invasional meltdown - where facilitative interactions among non-natives could increase the invasion rate or ecological impacts in invaded systems. This chapter outlines the primary pathways in which direct and indirect interactions among non-natives could lead to invasional meltdown. It provides examples of how different types of interactions among non-natives could lead to net positive effects on the invasion success of non-native plants or the impact of non-native plants on invaded ecosystems. Direct effects are by far the most commonly explored form of non-native- non- native interaction, primarily focusing on plant mutualisms with pollinators, seed dispersers or soil microbial mutualists. There are, however, also examples of non-native plants that benefit from commensal and even herbivorous interactions with other non-natives. Indirect interactions among non-natives are very infrequently studied. Although examples are scarce, non-natives may indirectly benefit other non-native plants through trophic cascades, apparent competition and indirect mutualisms. It remains unclear whether indirect effects are important pathways to invasional meltdown. More work is needed on studying ecosystems that are invaded by multiple non-native species and we need to consider the full range of interactions among non-natives that could either stymie or promote their spread, population growth and impact. Only then can we address how common facilitative interactions are relative to competitive interactions among non-natives or provide robust suggestions on how to manage ecosystems.
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"Competition." In Population Parameters: Estimation for Ecological Models, 216–43. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470757468.ch8.

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Doebeli, Michael. "Adaptive Diversification Due to Resource Competition in Asexual Models." In Adaptive Diversification (MPB-48). Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691128931.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on evolutionary branching in niche position due to frequency-dependent competition. When the majority phenotype of a population is competing for one type of resource, selection may favor minority phenotypes that consume different types of resources, which could result in phenotypic differentiation and divergence. The idea of divergence due to competition is also the basis for the well-known concept of ecological character displacement, although here the focus is not so much on the origin of diversity arising in a single species, but rather on the evolutionary dynamics of existing diversity between different and already established species. Ecological character displacement embodies the possibility that competition between species can drive divergence in characters determining resource use. However, there are alternative evolutionary scenarios for phenotypic diversification. In the context of resource competition, one such alternative is that individuals diversify their diet by evolving a wider niche.
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Jørgensen, Sven Erik, and Yuri M. Svirezhev. "Models of ecosystems: thermodynamic basis and methods. II. Competition and trophic level." In Towards a Thermodynamic Theory for Ecological Systems, 189–219. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044166-5/50008-2.

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Doebeli, Michael. "Adaptive Diversification Due to Resource Competition in Sexual Models." In Adaptive Diversification (MPB-48). Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691128931.003.0004.

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This chapter examines evolutionary branching in sexual populations. As sexual populations converge to what would be a branching point in clonal models, splitting obviously becomes a problem, because mating between different marginal phenotypes generally creates intermediate phenotypes. Through segregation and recombination, sexual reproduction can prevent the establishment of diverging phenotypic clusters in randomly mating populations. To allow for a phenotypic split, mating needs to be assortative with respect to the ecological trait that is under disruptive selection. Thus, the question of evolutionary branching in sexual populations, that is, of adaptive speciation, is intimately tied to questions about the evolution of assortative mating. If evolutionary branching occurs in sexual populations due to the presence of assortative mating mechanisms, the diverging phenotypic clusters will show prezygotic reproductive isolation at least to some extent, and hence they can be viewed as representing incipient species.
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Hackney, Donald D., Daniel L. Friesner, and Matthew Q. McPherson. "Incorporating Culture and Competition for Status into Quantitative Financial Epidemiology Models." In Developing Business Strategies and Identifying Risk Factors in Modern Organizations, 1–17. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4860-9.ch001.

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This chapter extends the financial epidemiology literature as it applies to the acquisition of consumer debt. A recent manuscript provided a very simple model to illustrate how conspicuous consumption within a community (in the vernacular, “keeping up with the Joneses”) can lead to situations where a contagion of financial insolvency may occur (Friesner, McPherson, & Hackney, 2014). However, that model simply illustrates the feasibility of modeling both conspicuous consumption and financial contagions in a single framework. It does not explicitly incorporate most of the epidemiological, socio-cultural, and psychological factors that drive decisions to use debt to finance conspicuous consumption. In this chapter, the authors build a much more detailed model of financial epidemiology that includes (or can be extended to include) most of the salient ecological characteristics advanced by financial economists (neoclassical or heterodox) and epidemiologists. The model can be used to illustrate specific characteristics that promote (or inhibit) consumer behavior that pushes the household into financial exigency. The results can therefore provide a more informative basis for policy makers to reduce the prevalence of bankruptcy or other financial insolvency within a community as a whole.
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Mittelbach, Gary G., and Brian J. McGill. "Community ecology’s roots." In Community Ecology, 1–8. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835851.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces the field of community ecology and reviews its history. The first community ecologists were botanists who noted what appeared to be repeated associations between plant species along environmental gradients. From these studies arose the concept of ecological succession. Laboratory and field studies of animal populations generated the important concepts of density-dependence, the competitive exclusion principle, and the ecological niche. The idea that interspecific competition limited the membership of communities to certain kinds of species produced the historically important theory of limiting similarity, which specified how different species must be in their niche in order to coexist. This theory appeared to provide a framework for predicting both the number and types of species found in natural communities, however, it failed to deliver on its promise. The failure of simple competition-based models to explain community diversity led to important new directions that continue to influence how ecologists study communities today.
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Kéfi, Sonia. "Ecological networks: From structure to dynamics." In Theoretical Ecology, 143–60. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824282.003.0010.

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Ecological systems are undeniably complex, including many species interacting in different ways with each other (e.g., predation, competition, facilitation, parasitism). One way of visualizing, describing, and studying this complexity is to represent them as networks, where nodes are typically species and links are interactions between these species. The study of these networks allows understanding of the rules governing the topology of their links, and assessing how network structure drives ecological dynamics. Studies on different types of ecological networks have suggested that they exhibit structural regularities, which in turn affect network dynamics and resilience to perturbations. Although the use of networks to represent ecological communities dates back to the early stages of the discipline, the last two decades have seen rapid progresses in our understanding of ecological networks, as data are collected at a faster rate and better resolution, as metrics are continuously developed to better characterize network structure and as numerical simulations of mathematical models have allowed investigating how network structure and dynamics are related in more comprehensive and realistic ecological networks. This chapter describes some of the recent developments and challenges related to the study of ecological networks. After defining networks in general, and ecological networks more specifically, recent results regarding the structure of different types of ecological networks, and what is known about their dynamics and resilience, are presented.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ecological competition models"

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Vasileva, Inessa, Natalia Morozova, and Ildus Yusupov. "The Role of Modern Industrial Complexes in Ensuring Ecological and Economic Sustainability of Territories." In Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.075.

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Ishbirdin, Airat, Maya Ishmuratova, Guzel Gabidullina, and Zulfiya Baktybaeva. "Ecological and Hygienic Assessment of the State of the Recreational Lake in the City of Ufa." In Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.022.

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Borisov, Nikolay, and Oleg Klepikov. "Assessment of the Impact of Technology-Related Factors of Urban Environment on Population and Long-Term Environmental Tasks for Business." In Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.001.

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Anopchenko, Tatiana, Roman Revunov, and Anton Murzin. "Mechanism for Stimulating the Development of Tourist and Recreational Potential of the Republic of Crimea." In Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.002.

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Velieva, Svetlana, Igor Kozhanov, Artem Veliev, and Anna Pavlova. "Regional Model for Early Intervention Service in the Chuvash Republic." In Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.003.

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Smirnov, Valeriy, Vladislav Semenov, Anna Zakharova, and Galina Dulina. "Analysis of the Potential of Digital Youth Entrepreneurship Development in Russia." In Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.004.

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Rezer, Tatiana, Lyudmila I. Voronina, and Irina Turgel. "Implementation of the Regulatory Mechanism for Developing the Educational Potential of Senior Citizens in Russia and Abroad." In Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.005.

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Vasina, Anastasia, Yuliya Glushkova, Svetlana Golubeva, and Maria Golubnichenko. "Implementation of Digital Technologies into Projects in Area of Creative Industries." In Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.006.

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Kasianova, Tatiana, Tatiana Radchenko, Lyudmila I. Voronina, and Irina Turgel. "Success Factors of Social and Professional Adaptation of Senior Citizens in the Modern Labor Market." In Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.007.

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Yakushev, Aleksey, and Sergey Filin. "Human Capital as an Accelerator with Synergistic Effect of Scientific and Technological Progress." In Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.008.

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