Academic literature on the topic 'Ecolog'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ecolog"
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Byrne, Fionn. "Phantom Ecolog y: Aesthetics, Ethics, and Ecology." Landscape Architecture Frontiers 5, no. 6 (2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-laf-20170614.
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Rauch, Franz, and Günther Pfaffenwimmer. "The Austrian ECOLOG-schools programme: History, structure, lessons learned, and impact of a network." Hungarian Educational Research Journal 9, no. 4 (December 2019): 589–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/063.9.2019.4.51.
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This chapter describes networking for education for sustainable development within the Austrian ECOLOG-schools network. It discusses theoretical concepts of Education for Sustainable Development and school development from an Austrian perspective, as well as networks in education in general and the organization of the ECOLOG-network in particular. Furthermore, the international Environment and School Initiatives (ENSI) network is described as an influential stimulus for the development of ECOLOG. Based upon these foundations, the concept and results of evaluation studies of ECOLOG-schools are described and reflected. The impact of ECOLOG on the developments in environmental education/education for sustainable development in Austria is described and reflected. The paper concludes with a summary of the evaluation process and with an outlook for the future development of the network.
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Ehrenfeld, Joan G., and Louis A. Toth. "Restoration Ecolog y and the Ecosystem Perspective." Restoration Ecology 5, no. 4 (December 1997): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.1997.00544.x.
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Inouye, David W. "ECOLOG-L's Function in the Ecological Community." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 99, no. 3 (June 29, 2018): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bes2.1408.
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Ito, Akio, and Yoshifumi Takahashi. "Ecolog ical Footprint Analysis using Input-Output Table." Input-Output Analysis 14, no. 1 (2006): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11107/papaios.14.27.
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OGINO, Kazuhiko. "Ten years of Japan Society of Tropical Ecolog." Tropics 11, no. 4 (2002): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3759/tropics.11.187.
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Berlyant, A. M. "CARTOGRAPHIC AND REMOTE SENSING METHODS IN ECOLOG ICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH." Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing 28, no. 1 (January 1991): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07493878.1991.10641822.
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Shchennikova, I. N., and L. P. Kokina. "Perspectives of barley breeding for the conditions of the Volgo-Vyatka region (analytical review)." Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 22, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2021.22.1.21-31.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the structure of sown areas and characteristics of barley varieties zoned in the Kirov region for 2020. In 2019 in the Kirov region the varieties cultivated in production for more than 20 years had the largest specific weight – 50.1 % of the acreage occupied with barley. Those cultivated for more than 10 years had 36.1 %; from 5 to 10 years – 13.8 %. Certified sowings varied from year to year in percentage to the occupied area. There is a gradual decrease in unsorted sowings of barley from 3.0 thousand hectares in 2017 up to 1.18 thousand hectares in 2019. The areas sown with barley varieties bred in Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North East named N. V. Rudnitsky (FARC North-East) in the structure of sown areas in 2019 were from 21.5 % in the southern zone up to 57.8 % in the northern zone of the Kirov region. For the whole of the region the greatest distribution was recorded among Belarussian cultivars Zazersky 85 (39.3 % of the areas sown with barley), and cultivars bred in FARC North-East: Ecolog (10.8 %), Rodnik Prikamiya (7.1 %) and Novichok (7.0 %). In northern districts of the region the ratio changed: Ecolog – 27.2 %, Rodnik Prikamiya – 18.9 %, Novichok – 9.0 %, Zazersky 85 – 7.7 %. High productivity (4.22-4.79 t/ha in average), resistance to lodging and diseases characterize the zoned cultivars. The main disadvantage of barley assortment offered for zoning is the lack of stable yield and differences in duration of the growing season among the varieties. All cultivars belong to the group of mid-season, except for the mid-late cultivar Zazersky 85. The region is short of the sources of high-quality raw materials for forage production; only 30.7 % of all assortment of barley in the region are presented by cultivars with high grain quality (Ecolog, Belgorodsky 100, Rodnik Prikamiya and Pamyati Rodinoy). Currently, the trend for developing high-yield early, resistant to lodging and diseases barley varieties of high grain quality is to become the key factor in breeding work.
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YOSHIMI, Takayuki, Shigeo OISHI, Satoshi OKUBO, Hiroshi MORITA, and Tetsuro SHIBUKAWA. "Development of Limited Coolant Supplying Technology in Grinding (ECOLOG Grinding TYPEII." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 75, no. 6 (2009): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.75.686.
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YOSHIMI, Takayuki. "Development of Limited Coolant Supplying Technology in Grinding (ECOLOG Grinding TYPE Ⅱ)." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 82, no. 2 (2016): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.82.126.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Ecolog"
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Haberstrau, Marianne. "Ecolog : un environnement pour la programmation en logique contrainte." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112448.
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Dans cette these nous presentons ecolog, un environnement concu pour la definition et l'experimentation de langages de programmation en logique contrainte, que nous avons implante. L'objectif est de pouvoir definir en ecolog logiques et systemes de contraintes, de pouvoir les combiner et enfin de pouvoir ecrire des specifications dans les logiques contraintes ainsi definies et les executer. Le mecanisme d'execution se fonde d'une part sur les regles de deduction specifiees dans la logique (contrainte) et d'autre part sur les regles de resolution de contraintes. Nous decrivons tout d'abord le langage permettant de specifier la synthaxe des formules et des contraintes. La particularite des grammaires d'ecolog est leur parametrisation par la specification. Puis nous decrivons le langage permettant de specifier les regles de resolution de contraintes. Les regles de resolution de contraintes sont des schemas de regles de reecriture dans une algebre de formules. Nous definissons ensuite le langage d'expression des regles de deduction de la logique. Les differences essentielles avec la resolution de contraintes sont liees au non-determinisme et a la terminaison. Enfin, etant donnees une logique contrainte et la specification d'un programme et d'une requete dans cette logique contrainte, il nous faut definir un mecanisme d'execution. Cela revient a preciser une strategie d'utilisation des regles de deduction et de resolution de contraintes. Pour cette partie, nous nous sommes inspires des tactiques du demonstrateur isabelle. Nous terminons notre expose en presentant quelques logiques (logique equationnelle, clauses de horn) et systemes de resolution de contraintes (disunification, regles d'unification avec sortes ordonnees) deja implantes en ecolog
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Achotegui, Castells Ander. "The role of terpenes in the defensive responses of conifers against herbivores and pathogens." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/323095.
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La condició sèssil de les plantes ha fet que desenvolupin un ampli ventall de defenses físiques i químiques per fer front a herbívors i patògens. Moltes plantes tenen reserves permanents de productes químics (defenses constitutives) per fer front a les agressions biòtiques immediatament, però aquestes defenses també poden augmentar o canviar proporcionalment davant d’un atac (defenses induïdes). Per altra part, podem distingir entre defenses directes, que frenen les agressions intoxicant o reduint el creixement d’herbívors i patògens, i defenses indirectes, que atreuen antagonistes dels atacants, normalment a partir d’emissions de volàtils. Dels més de 100.000 compostos químics que juguen papers defensius en les plantes, uns 20.000 són terpens, un tipus d’hidrocarburs amb un ampli ventall d’estructures i funcions. Les coníferes tenen els terpens com una de les seves principals defenses.
Aquesta tesi té per objectiu descriure i aprofundir en el rol defensiu dels terpens en dues interaccions mediterrànies: pi roig (Pinus sylvestris) - processionària del pi (Thaumetopoaea pityocampa), i xiprer (Cupressus sempervirens) – xancre del xiprer (Seiridium cardinale). S’hi analitzen els terpens de teixits de plantes i fongs amb cromatografia de gasos – espectrometria de masses (GC-MS) i s’hi estudia l’expressió gènica de les sintases terpèniques amb qPCR. També s’han realitzat tests de laboratori per determinar l’impacte dels terpens sobre el creixement i la supervivència de la processionària i del xancre del xiprer.
En el primer capítol es mostra que les concentracions foliars de terpens disminueixen i les emissions s’incrementen quan el pi roig és atacat per la processionària. Per saber si aquesta disminució de concentracions és deguda a la pèrdua per emissions o a una baixa biosíntesi de terpens, en el segon capítol s’estudia l’expressió gènica de dues sintases terpèniques, i es mostra que la defoliació causada per la processionària tendeix a disminuir l’expressió gènica d’aquestes sintases, fet que és poc habitual. En concordança, s’observa que les concentracions de terpens en fulles també disminueixen, suggerint una dèbil resposta defensiva del pi roig davant l’atac. En el capítol 3 s’estudien els canvis terpènics i nutricionals en fulles noves que han crescut després d’un episodi de defoliació, en dues subespècies diferents de pi roig. Una subespècie reacciona augmentant concentracions de terpens, canviant emissions i reduïnt nutrients, mentre que l’altra no mostra canvis significatius en cap paràmetre. Sorprenentment, aquestes reaccions tan diferents no semblen tenir efectes sobre la supervivència de la processionària, suggerint que aquest herbívor està adaptat a les respostes defensives dels pins.
En el 4t capítol es monitoren les reaccions terpèniques en el floema i les fulles de xiprers infectats per Seiridium cardinale. Els resultats mostren fortes induccions de terpens en el floema, incloent la formació de terpens de novo i canvis en les proporcions d’aquests compostos. També es poden constatar canvis en les emissions foliars de terpens. En el 5è i últim capítol es comparen les respostes en el floema d’arbres resistents i no resistents al xancre del xiprer, i s’observa que la inducció terpènica és més forta en els arbres resistents. També es presenten els tests realitzats per veure la capacitat d’inhibició fúngica dels terpens del xiprer. En els resultats es pot apreciar que els terpens induïts per l’atac són molt inhibidors i que aquesta inhibició és més dependent de la concentració que en els terpens constitutius. Així mateix, es demostra que el fong és capaç de biotransformar i detoxificar tres terpens del xiprer, suggerint mecanismes d’adaptació a les defenses de l’arbre.
Aquesta tesi aporta nova i valuosa informació sobre el rol dels terpens en dues interaccions mediterrànies, alhora que aprofundeix en alguns aspectes encara poc estudiats del rol defensiu dels terpens en les coníferes.Plants, due to their sessile condition, have developed a plethora of physical and chemical defences to make front to herbivores and pathogens. Chemical defences are very versatile: permanent reserves of chemical compounds (constitutive defences) are useful to face aggressions immediately, but these defences can also increase or change when biotic aggressions are detected (induced defences). We can also distinguish between direct defences, which fight the aggressions by intoxicating or slowing the growth of the insects and pathogens, and indirect defences, which attract antagonists of the agents attacking the plant, usually by volatile cues. Terpenes, a type of hydrocarbons that has a very wide range of structures and functions, are known to be very important chemical defences of conifers. This thesis aimed to describe and deepen in the role that terpenes play in two Mediterranean interactions: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) – pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa, PPM) and Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) – cypress canker (Seiridium cardinale). We analyzed the terpenes from plant and fungal tissues with Gas Cromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantified the gene expression of terpene synthases with qPCR. We also conducted laboratory bioassays that determined the impact that these defences have on survival and growth of insects and pathogens. In the first chapter we observed that two Scots pine subspecies coexisting in natural stands decrease their needle terpene concentrations and increase their foliar emissions when PPM feeds on them. To know wether the lower concentrations were due to a decrease in terpene biosynthesis or to high terpene emission losses, in chapter 2 we made use of qPCR, and we observed that PPM feeding tended to reduce the gene expression of terpene synthases of local and systemic needles. This was unexpected, as synthases are usually up-regulated in front of herbivory. Accordingly, needle terpene concentrations also decreased, suggesting a weak terpene response of Scots pine needles to PPM infestations. In chapter 3, conducted in the same study site as chapter 1, we studied the terpene and nutritional responses of new Scots pine needles to previous defoliation by the PPM. One Scots pine subspecies grew new needles with increased terpene concentrations, changes in terpene emissions and decreased concentrations of nutrients. Contrarily, the other subspecies did not show any clear response, indicating contrasting reactions to herbivory between the subspecies. Surprisingly, these contrasting reactions did not produce any difference in the survival of young PPM larvae, suggesting that PPM, a specialist herbivore, may be adapted to the defensive responses of pines. In the 4th chapter we monitored the reactions in the phloem and the leaves of cypresses infected by Seiridium cardinale. Results showed strong increases of terpene concentrations in infected phloem and foliar terpene emission increases after infection. Results suggested thus that terpenes play an important role in the defence of the Italian cypress. The 5th and final chapter compared the terpene phloem responses of resistant and non-resistant cypresses, observing a more intense response in resistant trees. We also tested the growth inhibition caused by Italian cypress defences, and found that many of the induced terpenes were very inhibitory and had more concentration-dependent inhibitions than the major, constitutive terpenes. We finally investigated the biotransformation capacities of S. cardinale, and observed that this fungus can biotransform and detoxify three cypress, indicating adaptation to tree defences. This thesis provides thus new and valuable information about two important Mediterranean interactions, but also deepens in some understudied features of terpene conifer defence, such as variety resistance, systemic defences or terpene biotransformation capacities of conifer pathogens.
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Caraballo, López Tatiana. "The ecology of colonial phytoplankton = Ecología del fitoplancton colonial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129683.
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Phytoplankton embraces a large diversity of life forms, from pioneer oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacteria to a broad spectrum of phylogenetically distant eukaryotic organisms. In many of the evolutionary branches, colonial organisms have appeared. The evolutionary reasons for the transition to larger sizes are not yet fully understood, but multicellularity is thought to be one of its consequences. Phytoplankton ecological success or failure, under certain conditions is the result of a balance between gains and losses. Unicellular and colonial organisms have to adapt their respective functional traits related to photosynthesis, resource acquisition, and predation, to changes in the environment. The advantages of a certain life-form (unicellular or colonial), could, hence, rely in the relevance of gain processes (light, nutrient related traits), or of losses as main drivers of phytoplankton evolution.
Despite coloniality could suppose an opportunity in finding new paths to succeed, previous knowledge pointed to larger phytoplankton cells as worse competitors for nutrients than smaller cells and hence, as the size of the colonies may start to become a constraint for nutrient uptake and utilization. However, other issues changing with size can become advantageous for colonial phytoplankton. For example, large flagellate colonies can move and hence cover a greater space of resources likely to be exploited than small unicellulars, and also can have a larger storage capacity. Large cells (and colonies in particular) can take more advantage of the production of external enzymes since colonial forms, specially mucilaginous ones, could maintain exoenzymes close to the cells in this external matrix. In summary, any strategy by which there is not a proportional increase in the need for nutrients as body size enlarges can be regarded as a competitive advantage for colonial organisms. Besides, a possible advantage for large unicellulars and colonies could be related to the top-down control of the systems by grazers, as smaller unicellulars are subject of grazing by both, small and large filter feeders, whereas large colonies can override the edible size spectrum of some. Also the aggregation of cells to form large colonies harder to gulp or filter by zooplankton is considered a relative widespread defense strategy. The ubiquitousness of colonial forms of phytoplankton and its endurance until today is the basis for believing that there has been a significant selection for it in the ancient unicellular world. Yet it is difficult to guess what the main drivers for coloniality have been,
Can we find out the selective forces favoring multicellular colonial forms in phytoplankton?
Understanding the ecological advantage that colonial forms could hold in phytoplankton was the main objective of this thesis.Los orígenes de los organismos que componen la comunidad fitoplanctónica se remontan a distintos eventos endosimbióticos; por ello, una de las principales características del fitoplancton es una enorme diversidad que atañe tanto en sus atributos morfológicos y fisiológicos como en sus formas de vida. A pesar de que la multicelularidad en algunas especies de fitoplancton podría suponer una estrategia para asegurar la conservación de la línea germinal, o para generar un medio interno estable que proteja a las células que forman la colonia del cambiante ambiente que la rodea, actualmente se desconoce el motivo que pudo haber favorecido la transición desde la unicelularidad a la colonialidad. Sin embargo, la existencia de organismos coloniales evolutivamente más avanzados en los que se observa una diferenciación celular y división de tareas, podrían empezar a definir una estrategia de vida compleja y jerarquizada más allá de la simple agregación celular. La gran variedad de formas, tamaños y configuraciones presentadas por las células y colonias, es una muestra de que no hay una estructura óptima, sino un gran abanico de posibilidades exitosas para afrontar los obstáculos a los que estos organismos se enfrentan durante su ciclo de vida. Por otro lado, el paso de una forma de vida unicelular a una colonial en los organismos fitoplanctónicos, implica un número de condicionantes ecológicos que determinan cuándo y cómo las formas coloniales pueden ser más viables. En cualquier caso, el hecho de que las formas unicelulares y coloniales sean ubicuas en el fitoplancton y hayan perdurado durante millones de años, nos da a entender que deben existir ciertas ventajas ecológicas conferidas por la colonialidad. Este trabajo se centra en investigar en qué modo los organismos coloniales han llegado a compensado las desventajas derivadas de la agregación para haberse convertido en una alternativa evolutivamente exitosa a la unicelularidad.
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Marí, Marí Teresa. "Changes in soil biodiversity and activity along management and climatic gradients." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457976.
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Els anomenats “rangelands” són àrees sense cultivar, àmpliament pasturades per animals domèstics i salvatges, actualment amenaçats pels canvis climàtic i en l’ús del sòl. Els microorganismes del sòl tenen un paper clau tant en la descomposició com en diversos processos de l’ecosistema, fet pel qual composició i funció de la comunitat microbiana han estat utilitzats durant molt temps com a índexs de fertilitat del sòl.
Els rangelands europeus i africans comparteixen un origen antropogènic comú, però el clima i la gestió del sòl els afecten d’una manera diferent. És per això que aquesta tesi pretén analitzar la comunitat microbiana d’ambdós tipus d’ecosistemes, per tal d’observar els efectes d’algunes de les amenaces comunes des d’una perspectiva més global.
Mentre que la sobrepastura va demostrar tenir l’efecte més perjudicial sobre la funció microbiana en sòls kenyans, es va trobar un efecte més fort del clima sobre els prats europeus. Els fongs i els bacteris van covariar al llarg de gradients altitudinals i climàtics, però la comunitat bacteriana va mostrar una recuperació més ràpida després de les pertorbacions biològiques i físico-químiques del sòl.
Aquest conjunt d’estudis afegeix nous coneixements sobre l’estructura i funció dels rangelands africans i europeus, i convida a explorar noves línies de recerca que incloguin tant bacteris com fongs alhora d’estudiar la comunitat microbiana del sòl.Los llamados "rangelands" son áreas sin cultivar, ampliamente pastoreadas por animales domésticos y salvajes, actualmente amenazados por los cambios climático y de uso del suelo. Los microorganismos del suelo tienen un papel clave tanto en la descomposición como en diversos procesos del ecosistema, por lo que composición y función de la comunidad microbiana han sido utilizados durante mucho tiempo como índices de fertilidad del suelo. Los rangelands europeos y africanos comparten un origen antropogénico común, pero el clima y la gestión del suelo les afectan de una manera diferente. Es por ello que esta tesis pretende analizar la comunidad microbiana de ambos tipos de ecosistemas, a fin de observar los efectos de algunas de las amenazas comunes desde una perspectiva más global. Mientras que el sobrepastoreo demostró tener el efecto más perjudicial sobre la función microbiana en suelos kenianos, se encontró un efecto más fuerte del clima sobre los prados europeos. Los hongos y las bacterias covariaron a lo largo de gradientes altitudinales y climáticos, pero la comunidad bacteriana mostró una recuperación más rápida después de las perturbaciones biológicas y físico-químicas del suelo. Este conjunto de estudios añade nuevos conocimientos sobre la estructura y función de los rangelands africanos y europeos, e invita a explorar nuevas líneas de investigación que incluyan tanto bacterias como hongos en el estudio de la comunidad microbiana del suelo.
Rangelands are uncultivated areas extensively grazed by wild and domestic animals, currently threatened by land use and climatic changes. Soil microorganisms play a key role in decomposition and several ecosystem processes and the composition and function of the microbial community have been long used as indices of soil fertility. African and European rangelands share a common anthropogenic origin, but climate and management affect them in a different way. That is why this thesis aimed to analyze the microbial community of both in order to observe the effects of some common threats from a more global perspective. While overgrazing proved to have the most detrimental effect on the soil microbial function in Kenyan soils, a stronger effect of climate was found to affect European grasslands. Fungi and bacteria co-varied along altitudinal and climatic gradients, but the bacterial community showed a fast recovery after biological and soil physico-chemical disturbances. This group of studies adds new knowledge on the structure and function of the African and European rangelands, and invite to explore new lines of research including both fungal and bacterial consortia when studying the soil microbial community.
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Mata, Luis. "Heteroptera ecology, biodiversity and conservation = Ecología, biodiversidad y conservación de heterópteros." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128959.
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Heteropteran bugs make an important contribution to the hyperdiversity of insects. As with other insect taxa, the proper species identification of heteropteran bugs requires diagnostic dichotomous keys. Faunistic studies can considerably benefit from the use of in-situ photographic records and biodiversity web resources, these two new taxonomical tools have the potential to expedite conservation-oriented research and engage the general public in the conservation of nature.
Faunistic syntheses such as catalogs and datasets are essential for documenting where species occur and how they are distributed, and may effectively contribute to overcome the ‘Wallace shortfall’ associated with large scale distributional data. The establishment of a research-oriented ‘Heteropteran Bug Monitoring Scheme’ may prove to be an effective faunistic tool that guarantees the constant flow of fine-grain, high-value species data. The gap between taxonomy and conservation may be bridged by explicitly coupling faunistic survey efforts to the monitoring of state variables relevant to ecological research.
The hierarchical view is an approach to quantitative ecology with the potential to simultaneously account for the stochasticity associated with the ecological and observation processes. Multi-species site occupancy models are effective quantitative tools that estimate species-specific probabilities of detection and occurrence, from which the size of the community (ie, species richness) may also be estimated. One important advantage of multi-species site occupancy models is the ease by which covariates are specified into the linear predictors of both the ecological and observation process levels.
Bayesian methods are powerful inferential tools for the conduction of quantitative research. Estimation of a given parameter under a Bayesian approach results in a posterior probability distribution that provides not only the mean but most importantly its associated uncertainty. The Bayesian mode of inference allows researchers to focus on effect sizes rather than statistical significance. Results from Bayesian analyzes can be communicated clearly and effectively to conservation policy-makers.
Species are imperfectly detected. The methods we use to survey insects are important sources of uncertainty that must be taken into account when studying their patterns of occupancy and species richness. Survey protocols should be specifically designed to include spatial and/or temporal replicates from which detection data can be estimated.
Heteropteran bugs, as a group, are relatively common across spatial extents, and their communities, as observed at fine grains of resolution, include many rare species that are difficult to detect. The assumption that this pattern holds at bioregional or even larger spatial extents requires more empirical investigation. A properly replicated study, resolved at the municipality or shire level, could contribute to address this gap in knowledge.
Novel grassland ecosystems supporting ruderal or spontaneous vegetation are rich depositories of heteropteran bug biodiversity. In urban landscapes, oldroughs and unmanaged urban herbaceous margins may play an important role in the conservation of heteropteran bug species and other insect taxa. Within urban green areas such as golf courses, the complexity of the vegetation structure has a positive effect on heteropteran bug species richness and the species-specific occurrence probabilities of most species.
Heteropteran bug species respond to the surrounding landscape. In viticulture landscapes, the proportion of natural habitat surrounding vineyards has a positive effect on mean herbivorous guild-level probability of occurrence. This positive effect is more uncertain for the predatory-guild. In the urban landscapes, species richness of both herbivores and predators decreased along a gradient of increasing urbanization. Almost all species were ‘urban avoiders’, experiencing on average very large decreases in their probabilities of occurrence along the urbanization gradient.
Heteropteran bugs in the Iberian Peninsula have a low probability of being detected. This probability varies markedly from family to family and from species to species. Macroecological variables have positive (area, altitudinal range, mean annual temperature and population density) or negative (mean annual precipitation) effects on the mean heteropterofauna detection probability. Methodologies that explicitly account for the observation process may prove fundamental for disentangling which components of species distributions at large bioregional scales are a consequence of imperfect detection as opposed to true patterns of occupancy.Los heterópteros contribuyen de forma importante a la hiperdiversidad de los insectos. La elaboración de claves dicotómicas actualizadas, ajustadas a la región de estudio y basadas en caracteres de fácil observación, facilita la correcta identificación de los ejemplares. Los estudios faunísticos pueden beneficiarse considerablemente de la existencia de registros fotográficos in-situ y recursos electrónicos de registro de la biodiversidad, ya que ambas herramientas taxonómicas tienen el potencial de favorecer la investigación dirigida a la conservación, así como de implicar al público general en dicho proceso. Las síntesis, los catálogos y las bases de datos faunísticas son esenciales para registrar la ocurrencia y distribución de las especies. La utilización conjunta de estos recursos junto con variables ambientales relevantes para la ecología es clave para acortar la distancia que existe entre ciencias como la taxonomía y la conservación. La visión jerárquica supone una aproximación a la ecología cuantitativa, que tiene el potencial de incluir la estocasticidad asociada a los procesos ecológicos y de observación humana de la naturaleza. Los “modelos de ocupancia de lugar multiespecíficos (msSOM)“ suponen herramientas quantitativas efectivas para estimar la probabilidades de detección y ocurrencia específicas de especies y lugares, así como el tamaño de la comunidad. Los métodos bayesianos de inferencia estadística son herramientas poderosas para realizar análisis cuantitativos. La estimación de los parámetros viene asociada a su incertidumbre y al cálculo del “tamaño del efecto”. Y los resultados pueden comunicarse de forma clara y efectiva a los responsables de desarrollar políticas de conservación. Los heterópteros son detectados de forma imperfecta. Una buena fuente de incertidumbre depende de los métodos que utilicemos para muestrearlos, por lo que debe tenerse en cuenta el proceso de observación a la hora de analizar patrones de ocupancia y riqueza específica. Los protocolos de muestreo deberían estar diseñados de forma que incluyan réplicas espaciales y/o temporales que permitan calcular la detectabilidad. Los insectos heterópteros son relativamente comunes a lo largo de grandes áreas, y sus comunidades incluyen especies raras sólo detectables a pequeña escala. La asumpción de este patrón para la escala bioregional y superiores requiere mayor investigación. Los sistemas herbáceos noveles con vegetación ruderal o espontánea contienen una gran diversidad de insectos heterópteros. Como parte del paisaje urbano, los márgenes herbáceos y otras formaciones poco o nada gestionadas representan zonas importantes para conservar la diversidad de heterópteros y otros insectos. En cuanto a zonas verdes urbanas, como los campos de golf, la complejidad en la estructura de la vegetación tiene un efecto positivo en la biodiversidad de insectos. Los heterópteros se ven influenciados por el paisaje. En paisajes vitivinícolas, la ocurrencia de insectos herbívoros está favorecida por la proporción de hábitat natural favorable. En paisajes urbanos, la urbanizacion tiene un efecto negativo en la presencia de herbívoros y predadores. Ambos estudios, a partir de análisis distintos, convergen hacia una única conclusión.
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Cadena, Mendoza Gissela de la. "Eliminación de impedimentos taxonómicos y ecológicos en "hot-spots" de biodiversidad mediante herramientas moleculares: los Chrysomelidae y sus asociaciones tróficas en el bosque seco tropical de Nicaragua." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402736.
Full textAbstract:
El bosque seco tropical estacional (BSTE), con una gran riqueza de especies y endemismos, suele estar integrado en hotspots de biodiversidad y, debido a las amenazas por actividades antropogénicas, ha sido catalogado como uno de los bioma terrestre más amenazado del planeta. Se estima que a nivel global queda menos de un 2% de su distribución original, por lo cual su estudio es prioritario para poder acometer su restauración y conservación. El objetivo general de esta tesis fue aplicar protocolos para evaluar de forma rápida y eficiente la diversidad biológica en áreas tropicales. Para este propósito, se integraron herramientas y métodos moleculares con taxonomía y ecología para delimitar el número de especies, así como las asociaciones tróficas de dos grandes grupos de Chrysomelidae en el BSTE de Nicaragua, donde la riqueza de insectos es abrumadora y aún desconocida. Específicamente, para analizar la diversidad de crisomélidos, el trabajo se centró en dos subfamilias especialmente ricas en especies, Cassidinae y Galerucinae sensu lato. El muestreo se realizó en cuatro localidades de BSTE en el rango de distribución en Nicaragua, y se procesaron 1.320 individuos pertenecientes a 251 morfoespecies. Utilizando dos métodos objetivos de delimitación de especies a partir de filogenias de un gen mitocondrial (cox1)—el modelo Generalizado Mixto de Yule y Coalescencia y el modelo de Árboles por Procesos de Poisson—se infirieron hasta 265 especies putativas. Los linajes evolutivos independientes que se identificaron fueron contrastados con evidencia morfológica y en general fueron altamente congruentes con ésta y entre métodos. Los estimadores de riqueza de especies, mostraron que nuestro muestreo no describió la diversidad total, y alcanzó a representar el 64 % de la biodiversidad esperada para crisomélidos de BSTE. Las cuatro comunidades de crisomélidos estudiadas fueron muy diferentes, y en buena parte debido al reemplazamiento de especies (ßsor > 0,681). Adicionalmente, se aplicaron metodologías moleculares para inferir las asociaciones tróficas de los crisomélidos a partir de la amplificación de secuencias cloroplásticas hipotéticamente provenientes de la dieta de los animales, y cuyo ADN estaría presente en sus extracciones de ADN total. Tras evaluar la posibilidad de contaminación ambiental sesgando las inferencias de dieta, pudimos aprovechar fragmentos cloroplásticos para 872 ejemplares de 257 especies putativas, a partir de los que se realizaron 1.133 inferencias de dieta sobre 188 especies vegetales de 43 órdenes, siendo Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Cordiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, y muy en particular Fabaceae, las familias que representaron el mayor número de interacciones con las comunidades de Chrysomelidae en el BSTE de Nicaragua. Se aplicaron varias medidas descriptoras de las interacciones tróficas entre crisomélidos y sus plantas hospederas, las cuales permitieron mejorar la compresión de esta interacción, y mostraron que una localidad (Reserva Miraflores-Moropotente) sería la más afectada ante alteraciones del hábitat, al contar con plantas que sustentan muchas interacciones. Finalmente, se exploraron variables ambientales, ecológicas, florísticas y geográficas para evaluar el grado de influencia que éstas podrían tener para explicar las diferencias en composición de las comunidades de crisomélidos en el BSTE en Nicaragua. Los análisis de correlación múltiple entre estas variables mostraron que las diferencias en flora explicarían el 92 % de la variación respecto a las diferencias en las comunidades de crisomélidos, con escasa contribución del componente climático. Una visión de conjunto sobre nuestros resultados sugiere que propuestas de conservación sobre zonas de bosque con los niveles más altos de diferenciación en su composición florística, promoverían la conservación de comunidades únicas y muy ricas de los coleópteros herbívoros que habitan en estos fragmentos de bosque.The seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) with high species richness and endemism, is usually integrated in biodiversity hotspots. Due to several threats by anthropogenic activities, has been listen as one of the world’s most endangered terrestrial biomes. It is estimated that globally only remains less than 2% of its original distribution, so their study is priority to undertake its restoration and conservation. The general objective of this thesis was to implement protocols to assess quickly and efficiently biodiversity in tropical areas. For this purpose, tools and molecular methods were integrated with taxonomy and ecology, to define the number of species and their trophic associations of two large groups of Chrysomelidae in Nicaraguan STDF, where the richness of insects is overwhelming and unknown. Specifically, to analyse the diversity of beetles, this work focused on two subfamilies especially rich in species: Cassidinae and Galerucinae sensu lato. Sampling was conducted at four locations of SDTF in Nicaragua, and 1320 individuals belonging to 251 morphospecies were processed. Using two objectives methods of species delimitation from mitochondrial gene phylogenies (cox1)—the Generalized Mixed Yule and Coalescence model and the Poisson Tree Processes model—they were inferred up to 265 putative species. Those independent evolutionary lineages were compared with morphological evidence and were generally highly consistent with this and between methods. The estimators of species richness showed that our sampling did not describe the total diversity, reaching to represent 64% of the expected leaf beetles biodiversity of SDTF. Four well-studied Chrysomelidae communities were very different, and largely due to the turnover of species (ßsor > 0,681). Additionally, molecular methodologies for inferring Chrysomelidae trophic associations from chloroplast sequences retrieved from gut contents were applied. After evaluating possible environmental contamination skewing inference diets, we could use chloroplastic fragments from 872 individuals belonging to 257 putative species. From these species, we obtained 1133 diet inferences on 188 plant species of 43 orders. Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, and Malvaceae accounted for the largest number of interactions with Chrysomelidae communities in the SDTF of Nicaragua. Several descriptive measures of trophic interactions between leaf beetles and their host plants were applied, and it showed that one locality (Miraflores-Moropotente Reserve) would be the most affected to habitat alterations, by having plants that support many interactions. Finally, environment, ecological, floristic, and geographical variables were explored to assess the degree of influence they might have to explain differences in community composition of leaf beetles in SDTF of Nicaragua. The multiple correlation analyses between these variables showed that differences in flora explain 92% of the variation from differences in leaf beetles communities with little contribution of climate component. A overview of our results suggest that conservation proposals on forest areas with the highest levels of differentiation in its floristic composition, promote the conservation of unique and very rich communities of herbivorous beetles that inhabit these forest fragments.
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Barberán, Torrents Albert. "Microbial Macroecology understanding microbial community pattems using phylogenetic and multivariate statistical tools." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/101511.
Full textAbstract:
El estudio de los microorganismos en cultivo puro ha propiciado el desarrollo de la genética, la bioquímica y la biotecnología. Sin embargo, la ecología ha permanecido reticente a incorporar a los microorganismos en su acervo teórico y experimental, principalmente debido a las dificultades metodológicas para observar a los microbios en la naturaleza, y como resultado de los caminos divergentes que han trazado las disciplinas de la microbiología y la ecología general. Esta tesis trata de demostrar que los patrones ecológicos de comunidades microbianas son susceptibles de ser analizados mediante la combinación de técnicas filogenéticas y herramientas de estadística multivariante. El uso de técnicas filogenéticas permite solventar, o al menos paliar, el hecho de la no independencia de los organismos vivos debido a la ascendencia común. Con la información ambiental adicional (como reflejo del determinismo abiótico) y la información espacial (como amalgama de eventos históricos y de dispersión), es posible explorar los posibles mecanismos que subyacen a la estructura y a la diversidad de las comunidades microbianas.The study of microorganisms in pure laboratory culture has delivered fruitful insights into genetics, biochemistry and biotechnology. However, ecology has remained reluctant to incorporate microorganisms in its experimental and theoretical underpinnings mainly due to methodological difficulties in observing microorganisms in nature, and as a result of the different paths followed by the disciplines of microbiology and general ecology. In this dissertation, I argue that novel insights into microbial community patterns arise when phylogenetic relatedness are used in conjunction with multivariate statistical techniques in the context of broad scales of description.
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Diniz, Suzana. "Influência da complexidade arquitetural de ramos vegetativos na riqueza e abundância de aranhas e outros artrópodes." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316023.
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Orientadores: João Vasconcellos Neto, Gustavo Quevedo RomeroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A estrutura do hábitat tem sido um tema recorrente na literatura, havendo diversos estudos que correlacionaram uma maior complexidade estrutural do hábitat à riqueza e abundância dos mais variados taxa. Contudo, este é um tema de difícil generalização e as abordagens experimentais ainda são raras. A vegetação é um elemento que proporciona complexidade estrutural ao hábitat devido às diversas organizações arquiteturais de seus módulos. Diversos estudos demonstraram que os artrópodes associados às plantas são um dos grupos mais afetados pela arquitetura da vegetação, particularmente as aranhas. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os possíveis efeitos da arquitetura da vegetação sobre a abundância e riqueza de guildas de artrópodes, com ênfase na comunidade de aranhas. O estudo foi dividido em duas partes: (1) uma pesquisa exploratória, cujo objetivo foi correlacionar diferentes elementos arquiteturais das plantas com a comunidade de artrópodes, de forma a avaliar se determinados grupos de artrópodes são mais ou menos abundantes em determinadas configurações arquiteturais da vegetação; (2) uma pesquisa experimental, cujo objetivo foi manipular a arquitetura vegetal agrupando e espaçando os ramos vegetativos, de forma a avaliar os efeitos da densidade vegetal sobre a comunidade de artrópodes. Um total de 17 espécies de plantas e oito características arquiteturais foi utilizado na pesquisa exploratória. Já o experimento foi feito para três espécies de plantas e repetido em duas estações climáticas diferentes (seca e chuvosa) para avaliação dos efeitos sazonais sobre a resposta da comunidade de artrópodes à manipulação arquitetural da vegetação. Todos os dados de abundância e riqueza de artrópodes foram expressos por unidade de biomassa de planta e a disponibilidade de presas para os predadores (i.e., o total de artrópodes exceto o grupo de predadores sendo estudado) foi colocada como co-variável. Os padrões de abundância da comunidade de aranhas foram fortemente correlacionados à arquitetura da vegetação, tanto na pesquisa experimental quanto na exploratória. Já as guildas de outros artrópodes, com algumas exceções, foram pouco afetadas pela arquitetura da vegetação. Algumas guildas de fitófagos tiveram padrões consistentes de distribuição em plantas com diferentes arquiteturas. Estes padrões, por sua vez, ocorreram tanto na pesquisa exploratória quanto na experimental. A abundância de parasitóides e predadores (exceto aranhas) foi mais explicada pela disponibilidade de presas do que pela arquitetura per se. O padrão de distribuição das aranhas sobre as plantas pode ser explicado, em grande medida, pelo favorecimento que determinadas arquiteturas proporcionam aos hábitos de forrageio de cada guilda. Já o padrão de abundância das guildas de fitófagos em plantas com diferentes arquiteturas provavelmente decorre de uma modulação da taxa de predação, uma vez que a arquitetura da planta está vinculada à disponibilidade de refúgios
Abstract: Habitat structure has been a recurrent subject in literature and there have been several researches that correlated a greater structural complexity of habitat to the richness and abundance of diverse taxa. However, this represents a subject of hard generalization and experimental approaches are still rare. Vegetation is an element that provides structural complexity to habitat due to diverse architectural organization of their modules. Many researches demonstrated that arthropods associated to plants are one of the most affected groups by the vegetation architecture, especially the spiders. Thus, the objective of present research was to evaluate possible effects of vegetation architecture on the richness and abundance of arthropod guilds, with special emphasis on spider community. The research was divided in two parts: (1) a survey research, whose objective was to correlate diverse architectural traits of plants with the arthropod community, this in order to assess whether certain groups of the arthropod community are more or less abundant in certain plant architectural configurations; (2) an experimental research, whose objective was to manipulate plant architecture by grouping and spacing the vegetative branches in order to evaluate the effects of plant density on the arthropod community. A total of 17 plant species and eight architectural traits was used in survey research, whereas the experiment was performed in three plant species and repeated in two seasons (dry and wet) for evaluation of seasonal effects on the arthropod community response to manipulation of the plant architecture. All data referring to arthropod abundance and richness were given per unit of plant biomass and the prey availability for predators (i.e., all arthropods except the group of predators being studied) was set as a covariate. The abundance patterns of spider community were strongly correlated to the plant architecture, both in experimental and in survey research. Nevertheless, the other arthropod guilds, with some exceptions, were weakly affected by vegetation architecture. Some phytophagous guilds had consistent patterns of distribution on plant with different architectural traits. These patterns, by the way, occurred as in survey as in experimental research. The abundance of parasitoids and predators (except spiders) was more explained by the prey availability than by the plant architecture per se. Patterns of spider distribution on plants can be quite explained by the advantages that some plant architectures provide to the foraging habits of each guild. Abundance patterns of phytophagous guilds on plants with different architectural traits, nevertheless, were probably due to modulation of predation rates, since the plant architecture could determine refuge availability
Mestrado
Mestre em Ecologia
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Fernández, Guerra Antonio. "Ecology and evolution of microbial nitrifiers / Ecología y evolución de los microorganismos nitrificantes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108001.
Full textAbstract:
Ammonia oxidation, the first and the rate-limiting step in nitrification, is one of the cornerstones of the cycle. Members from the bacterial and archaeal domains are key players in ammonia oxidation in many different environ- ments. Usually these organisms are found coexisting but the most recent studies suggests that archaeal ammonia oxidizers show an incredible ability to adapt and oxidize ammonia under different environmental conditions and have displaced their bacterial counterparts in terms of importance in the global biogeochemical cycle, providing an avalanche of AOA molecular data (16S rDNA and amoA gene sequences) from very diverse environments worldwide. As far as we don’t have enough genomic data to perform an holistic approach using population genomics and reverse ecology to unveil the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms driving the adaptation; we focused our experiments on the amoA gene sequence. Because ammonia monooxygenase is supposed to be the key enzyme in the ammonia oxidation, we applied a combination of community ecology and molecular evolution methods to understand the mechanisms of the diversification patterns observed in the amoA gene. Another unsolved question in the archaeal ammonia oxidation is the unusual biochemistry found in the genome sequences from cultured archaeal ammonia oxidizers. In archaea, all the elements of the bacterial ammonia oxidizing pathway are missing but the genes coding for the presumptive AMO. To unveil missing pathways in this process, we have developed a powerful approach based on graphical models to capture all the functional associations present in metagenomes based in their ecological co-ocurrence.
The results of the analyses revealed for the first time a global picture of the phylogenetic community structure of ammonia- oxidizing assemblages. Our study unveiled larger phylogenetic richness in AOA with more dissimilar communities and clear monophyletic groups for the different habitats. The rates of diversification in AOA were higher than in AOB and the archaeal diversification dynamics showed an unusual feature, with an initial diversification process followed by a long period of stasis and a final burst of diversification. The variations observed between AOB and AOA in terms of community structure, phylogenetic diversity, diversification patterns, and habitat dispersion were unexpected just a very few years ago, and the community phylogenetics approach has nicely captured these differences.
Understand the diversification processes observed in AOA and their successful performance under a myriad of different environmental conditions such as low pH, different ammonia concentrations, high hydrostatic pressures, high light exposure, low oxygen availability among others, needs however of a deeper insight adding the evolutionary processes. Individual changes at the level of nucleotides were translated to the global diversification patterns of archaeal ammonia oxidizers. Thus, this resulted in a step further from the results obtained after applying community phylogenetics methods providing precise evolutionary information behind the phylogenetic patterns observed within an ecological context. We will gain the full picture once the results can be integrated in a comparative genomics framework.
After applying methods of reverse engineering of regulatory the associations between the known and the unknown fraction were reconstructed offering a pioneering fresh view for microbial ecology. One especially relevant result obtained from this approach on AOA was the reconstruction of the association network of the different AMO subunits to the other proteins previously reported in the marine AOA Nitrosopumilus. The information recovered from metagenomics combined with available genomes fuels hypothesis for the particular and yet unknown biochemistry of ammonia oxidation in Archaea.La oxidación del amonio es una de las piezas clave del ciclo del Nitrógeno. Tanto las bacterias como las arqueas oxidadoras del amonio se pueden encontrar coexistiendo a lo largo de diferentes ambientes. Pero cuando la primera arquea oxidadora del amonio fue aislada, se puso en relevancia la importancia de estas en comparación con las bacterias en los ciclos biogeoquímicos globales. Desde entonces hemos sido inundados por una avalancha de secuencias génicas de estas arqueas, mostrando una gran capacidad de diversificación y adaptación a ambientes diferentes. Al no disponer de suficientes datos para realizar una aproximación holistica utilizando genómica de poblaciones y de ecología inversa para poder discernir los mecanismos ecológicos y evolutivos relacionados con la adaptación; nos hemos centrado en estudiar la secuencia del amoA. La amonio monooxigenasa es la enzima responsable de la oxidación del amonio, para su estudio hemos aplicado una combinación de técnicas de ecología de comunidades y de evolución molecular con el objetivo de entender los mecanismos de los patrones de diversificación observados. Por otra banda, otro de los misterios asociados a la oxidación del amonio por parte de las arqueas, es su inusual bioquímica para realizar la oxidación del amonio. En arqueas faltan todos los elementos necesarios para llevar a cabo la oxidación del amonio a excepción del AMO. Para poder aportar algo de luz a este misterio hemos desarrollado un potente método basado en modelos gráficos para capturar todas las asociaciones funcionales presentes en los metagenomas basado en sus co-ocurrencias ecológicas.
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Gamble, Amandine. "Écologie de la circulation des agents infectieux dans les populations d'oiseaux coloniaux : inférence par l’utilisation de la sérologie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG045.
Full textAbstract:
Malgré leur importance reconnue pour la santé publique et la conservation, les études sur l’écologie et l’évolution des maladies infectieuses dans les populations sauvages souffrent de contraintes sur la disponibilité de données permettant l’identification des processus impliqués dans les systèmes considérés. Les méthodes sérologiques (i.e., détection d’anticorps dans des échantillons biologiques) permettent de retracer l’exposition à des agents infectieux spécifiques mais leur interprétation est complexe. Par exemple, la prévalence d’individus séropositifs dans une population résulte d’une combinaison de dynamiques épidémiologiques (ex. : l’incidence de la maladie) et démographiques (ex. le taux de renouvellement de la population). Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette thèse est de montrer comment les processus sous-jacents à la circulation d’agents infectieux en populations sauvages peuvent être inférés à partir de données sérologiques. Tout d’abord, j’illustre comment les études transversales focalisée sur une espèce sentinelle à l’interface entre populations sauvages et humaines peuvent permettre d’efficacement décrire informer sur les patterns d’exposition à une hiérarchie d’échelles spatiales. Ensuite, je compare les avantages et inconvénients de ce type d’approches transversales à ceux d’approches longitudinales basées sur les suivis d’individus marqués et je propose une solution pour intégrer ensemble ces deux types de données pour quantifier les dynamiques éco-épidémiologiques. Finalement, en utilisant une population menacée d’oiseaux longévifs régulièrement touchée par des épizooties de choléra aviaire comme cas d’étude, j’illustre les bénéfices de combiner la sérologie avec d’autres approches. Ce travail souligne la valeur des études à long-terme de l’exposition d’hôtes à des agents infectieux en milieu naturel, où les processus écologiques et évolutifs sont clés pour comprendre les dynamiques éco-épidémiologiques et peuvent avoir d’importantes implications pour la conservation de la biodiversitéDespite their increasingly recognized interest for public health and biodiversity conservation, investigations on the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases in wildlife have been hampered by the difficulty of collecting data allowing efficient inference of underlying processes. Serology (i.e., detection of antibodies in biological samples) is a useful tool to detect past exposure to specific infectious agents. Still, interpreting serological data is not straightforward. For instance, the prevalence of seropositive individuals in a population is driven by a combination of epidemiological (e.g., disease incidence) and demographic (e.g., population turnover) dynamics. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to show how processes underlying infectious agent circulation in wild populations can be inferred from serological data. First, I illustrate how cross-sectional studies focusing on a sentinel species at the wildlife-human interface can efficiently inform on patterns at a hierarchy of scales. Then, I compare the pros and cons of such cross-sectional approaches to longitudinal sampling designs involving marked individuals when attempting to quantify the dynamics of infectious agents and I propose a way to integrate those two approaches in future studies. Finally, using avian cholera epizootics in a threatened long-lived seabird on an isolated island as a case study, I illustrate the benefits of combining serology with other approaches. This work notably highlights the value of detailed long-term studies of host exposure to infectious agents in the wild, where ecological and evolutionary processes are likely critical drivers of disease dynamics and can have important implications for biodiversity conservation
Books on the topic "Ecolog"
1
J, Baldwin, ed. Whole earth ecolog: The best of environmental tools & ideas. New York: Harmony Books, 1990.
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Țîrdea, Teodor N. Educația ecologică în contextul dezvoltării durabile: Omagiu savantului filosof-ecolog-bioetician Teodor N. Țîrdea--70. Chișinău: Editura Universul, 2008.
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Ion, Dediu. Ecologia populațiilor =: Population ecology, demecology. Chișinău: Academia Națională de Științe Ecologice, 2007.
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Ion, Dediu. Ecologie sistemică, său ecosistemologie =: Systemic ecology, ecosystemology. Chișinău: Academia Națională de Științe Ecologice, 2007.
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Odum, Eugene Pleasants. Ecology: A bridge between science and society. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 1997.
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J, Crawley Michael, ed. Plant ecology. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1997.
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A, Burgman Mark, and Ginzburg Lev R, eds. Applied population ecology: Principles and computer exercises using RAMAS EcoLab 2.0. 2nd ed. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 1999.
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Scoccianti, Carlo. Amphibia, aspetti di ecologia della conservazione: Amphibia, aspects of conservation ecology. Firenze: Guido Persichino grafica, 2001.
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Allen, T. F. H. Toward a unified ecology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.
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W, Hoekstra Thomas, ed. Toward a unified ecology. USA: Columbia UP, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ecolog"
1
Rauch, Franz, and Günther Pfaffenwimmer. "The Austrian ECOLOG-Schools Programme – Networking for Environmental and Sustainability Education." In Green Schools Globally, 85–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46820-0_6.
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Pickett, S. T. A., and M. L. Cadenasso. "Urban Ecology urban ecology." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 11324–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_325.
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Punzo, Fred. "Ecology." In The Biology of Camel-Spiders, 107–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5727-2_5.
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South, A. "Ecology." In Terrestrial Slugs, 242–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2380-8_10.
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Melle, Ullrich. "Ecology." In Contributions to Phenomenology, 148–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5344-9_34.
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Schiebel, Ralf, and Christoph Hemleben. "Ecology." In Planktic Foraminifers in the Modern Ocean, 209–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50297-6_7.
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LaCaille, Lara, Anna Maria Patino-Fernandez, Jane Monaco, Ding Ding, C. Renn Upchurch Sweeney, Colin D. Butler, Colin L. Soskolne, et al. "Ecology." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 649. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_100531.
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Lauesen, Linne Marie. "Ecology." In Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility, 885–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_381.
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Kull, Tiiu. "Ecology." In Orchid Biology: Reviews and Perspectives, VIII, 139–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2500-2_3.
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Prasher, I. B. "Ecology." In Wood-rotting non-gilled Agaricomycetes of Himalayas, 635–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9858-7_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Ecolog"
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Kawanuma, Daiki, Yuta Kashiwabara, Toshiaki Uemura, and Takashi Tomii. "Data Analysis Framework for Visualizing Correlation of Energy Consumption and Transit Time in Road Sections using the ECOLOG database." In MOBIQUITOUS 2016: Computing Networking and Services. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3004010.3004045.
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Zolotukhin, S., and Anna Ilunina. "THE INFLUENCE OF AUTOMOBILE TRAFFIC ON THE ECOLOGY." In Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_60-62.
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The article deals with the use of automobiles as one of the most important reasons of intoxication of environment. The damage to ecology consists in the toxic property of the waste and noise. The factors of climatic changes and classification of human diseases due to chemical pollution of automobile transport are being analyzed. Several innovations developed to optimize the data of ecologic damage of traffic are proposed.
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Chen, Hsinchung, Yi Lin Chen, Chia Hsun Wu, Mohammad A. Al Faruque, and Pai H. Chou. "EcoLoc." In IoTDI '17: International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3054977.3055000.
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Chen, Hsinchung, Yi Lin Chen, Chia Hsun Wu, Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque, and Pai H. Chou. "EcoLoc." In IoTDI '17: International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3054977.3057311.
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HALLAM, T. G., L. J. GROSS, and S. A. LEVIN. "Mathematical Ecology." In Autumn Course Research Seminars International Centre for Theoretical Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814541961.
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Reilly, Derek, and Bonnie MacKay. "Annotating ecology." In the 15th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2493190.2493245.
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Drossos, Konstantinos, Andreas Floros, and Nikolaos-Grigorios Kanellopoulos. "Affective acoustic ecology." In the 7th Audio Mostly Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2371456.2371474.
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Ryan, William, Erik Stolterman, Heekyoung Jung, Martin Siegel, Tonya Thompson, and William R. Hazlewood. "Device ecology mapper." In the 27th international conference extended abstracts. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1520340.1520661.
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Costa, Carlos J., Manuela Aparicio, Sofia Aparicio, and Joao Tiago Aparicio. "Gamification usage ecology." In SIGDOC '17: The 35th ACM International Conference on the Design of Communication. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3121113.3121205.
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Prowse, Terry, and Hung Tao Shen. "River Ice Ecology." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)258.
Full textReports on the topic "Ecolog"
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Weitkamp, Tristan. Understanding Local Jazz Ecology. Portland State University Library, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.106.
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Jorgensen, Jane, and Philippe Rossignol. Information Assurance Cyber Ecology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411943.
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DeAngelis, D. L., C. T. Jr Garten, and M. G. Turner. (International meetings on ecology). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6536985.
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Bowman, K. (International meeting of ecology). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6606247.
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Wike, L., D. Doug Martin, E. Eric Nelson, N. Nancy Halverson, J. John Mayer, M. Michael Paller, R. Rodney Riley, and M. Michael Serrato. SRS ECOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION DOCUMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/891666.
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Considine, Timothy J., Christopher Jablonowski, Donita M. M. Considine, and Prasad G. Rao. The industrial ecology of steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810269.
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Beck, D., K. Boyack, and M. Berman. Industrial ecology Prosperity Game{trademark}. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/661662.
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Valenzuela, Nicole M. Evolutionary Ecology of Freshwater Turtles. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-298.
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Kastenberg, W. E., and M. D. Lowenthal. Industrial ecology analysis - final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5774.
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Brown, J. H., and J. Roughgarden. Ecology for a changing earth. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6500784.
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