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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Eco Roof'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Moody, Seth S. "Development of Dynamic Thermal Performance Metrics For Eco-roof Systems." Thesis, Portland State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1535587.

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In order to obtain credit for an eco-roof in building energy load calculations the steady state and time-varying thermal properties (thermal mass with evapotranspiration) must be fully understood. The following study presents results of experimentation and modeling in an effort to develop dynamic thermal mass performance metrics for eco-roof systems. The work is focused on understanding the thermal parameters (foliage & soil) of an eco-roof, further validation of the EnergyPlus Green Roof Module and development of a standardized metric for assessing the time-varying thermal benefits of eco-roof systems that can be applied across building types and climate zones.

Eco-roof foliage, soil and weather parameters were continuously collected at the Green Roof Integrated PhotoVoltaic (GRIPV) project from 01/20/2011 to 08/28/2011. The parameters were used to develop an EnergyPlus eco-roof validation model. The validated eco-roof model was then used to estimate the Dynamic Benefit for Massive System (DBMS) in 4 climate-locations: Portland Oregon, Chicago Illinois, Atlanta Georgia and Houston Texas.

GRIPV30 (GRIPV soil with 30% soil organic matter) was compared to 12 previously tested eco-roof soils. GRIPV30 reduced dry soil conductivity by 50%, increased field capacity by 21% and reduced dry soil mass per unit volume by 60%. GRIPV30 soil had low conductivity at all moisture contents and high heat capacity at moderate and high moisture content. The characteristics of the GRIPV30 soil make it a good choice for moisture retention and reduction of heat flux, improved thermal mass (heat storage) when integrating an eco-roof with a building.

Eco-roof model validation was performed with constant seasonal moisture driven soil properties and resulted in acceptable measured - modeled eco-roof temperature validation. LAI has a large impact on how the Green Roof Module calculates the eco-roof energy balance with a higher impact on daytime (measured - modeled) soil temperature differential and most significant during summer.

DBMS modeling found the mild climates of Atlanta Georgia and Houston Texas with eco-roof annual DBMS of 1.03, 3% performance improvement above the standard building, based on cooling, heating and fan energy consumption. The Chicago Illinois climate with severe winter and mild spring/summer/fall has an annual DBMS of 1.01. The moderate Portland Oregon climate has a below standard DBMS of 0.97.

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2

Moody, Seth Sinclair. "Development of Dynamic Thermal Performance Metrics for Eco-roof Systems." PDXScholar, 2013. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/666.

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In order to obtain credit for an eco-roof in building energy load calculations the steady state and time-varying thermal properties (thermal mass with evapotranspiration) must be fully understood. The following study presents results of experimentation and modeling in an effort to develop dynamic thermal mass performance metrics for eco-roof systems. The work is focused on understanding the thermal parameters (foliage & soil) of an eco-roof, further validation of the EnergyPlus Green Roof Module and development of a standardized metric for assessing the time-varying thermal benefits of eco-roof systems that can be applied across building types and climate zones. Eco-roof foliage, soil and weather parameters were continuously collected at the Green Roof Integrated PhotoVoltaic (GRIPV) project from 01/20/2011 to 08/28/2011. The parameters were used to develop an EnergyPlus eco-roof validation model. The validated eco-roof model was then used to estimate the Dynamic Benefit for Massive System (DBMS) in 4 climate-locations: Portland Oregon, Chicago Illinois, Atlanta Georgia and Houston Texas. GRIPV30 (GRIPV soil with 30% soil organic matter) was compared to 12 previously tested eco-roof soils. GRIPV30 reduced dry soil conductivity by 50%, increased field capacity by 21% and reduced dry soil mass per unit volume by 60%. GRIPV30 soil had low conductivity at all moisture contents and high heat capacity at moderate and high moisture content. The characteristics of the GRIPV30 soil make it a good choice for moisture retention and reduction of heat flux, improved thermal mass (heat storage) when integrating an eco-roof with a building. Eco-roof model validation was performed with constant seasonal moisture driven soil properties and resulted in acceptable measured - modeled eco-roof temperature validation. LAI has a large impact on how the Green Roof Module calculates the eco-roof energy balance with a higher impact on daytime (measured - modeled) soil temperature differential and most significant during summer. DBMS modeling found the mild climates of Atlanta Georgia and Houston Texas with eco-roof annual DBMS of 1.03, 3% performance improvement above the standard building, based on cooling, heating and fan energy consumption. The Chicago Illinois climate with severe winter and mild spring/summer/fall has an annual DBMS of 1.01. The moderate Portland Oregon climate has a below standard DBMS of 0.97.

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3

Boldrin, David. "Understanding plant water relations and root biomechanics for hydro-mechanical reinforcement of slopes." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2018. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a6fda4a3-48b1-469b-ace7-655dda5d7c86.

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Vegetation stabilises slopes via both mechanical reinforcement (through root anchorage) and hydrologic reinforcement (through transpiration-induced soil matric suction). However, relatively little is known about the effectiveness of different plant species in stabilising soil slopes via the two reinforcing mechanisms, and so decisions on species selection are seldom made with optimisation of slope reinforcement in mind. In this thesis, a comprehensive testing programme including laboratory, glasshouse and field experiments is designed and implemented, with the aim to quantify and investigate the transpiration-induced hydrologic reinforcement and root biomechanical properties during the early plant establishment of selected woody species, widespread under European temperate climate. Ten species native to Europe (Buxus sempervirens L.; Corylus avellana L.; Crataegus monogyna Jacq.; Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link; Euonymus europaeus L.; Ilex aquifolium L.; Ligustrum vulgare L.; Prunus spinosa L.; Salix viminalis L. and Ulex europaeus L.) were investigated in a glasshouse experiment to understand any relation of transpiration induced hydrologic reinforcement with above- and below-ground plant traits (e.g. specific leaf area; root length density). The ten species showed large differences in terms of water uptake, which translated to significant differences in matric suction and soil strength. Species with the largest water uptake increased soil strength more than ten times that in fallow soil. Specific leaf area, root length density and root:shoot ratio were best correlated with the induced hydrologic reinforcement provided by the ten tested species. These results supplied essential species information for designing the subsequent experiments. Based on the previous findings, three representative yet contrasting species (Corylus avellana, Ilex aquifolim and Ulex europaeus) were selected and planted in 1-m soil columns to investigate the effects of season (i.e. summer vs winter), plant functional type (i.e. deciduous vs evergreen) and soil depth on the magnitude and distribution of transpiration-induced matric suction and the associated soil strength gain. Evergreens could slowly induce matric suction and hence potentially stabilise soil during winter. However, there were very large differences between the tested evergreens (I. aquifolium and U. europaeus). Indeed, only U. europaeus provided matric suction and soil strength gain along the entire depth-profile because of its fast growth (above- and below-ground). A full-scale field experiment was also performed to provide ground-truth data on the extent of variation in hydrologic reinforcement among species, hence validating the glasshouse results obtained in the first two studies. The two-year field experiment yielded a similar ranking to the glasshouse experiments in terms of the species ability to rapidly develop matric suction and soil strength. In particular, the evergreen U. europaeus induced large matric suction (e.g. ≥ 70 kPa at 0.5 m depth) even during the early establishment period. Furthermore, this field research highlighted the greater (compared to other tested species) temporal effectiveness of U. europaeus, which was able to provide matric suction on the slope from early spring to late autumn. The greater ability of U. europaeus in inducing and preserving matric suction can be attributed to its large water uptake, which supports its fast growth, as well as to the notable interception loss provided by its canopy. Therefore, U. europaeus can represent a very suitable species for slope stabilisation under the temperate climate context. Root biomechanical properties, including tensile strength and Young's modulus, were investigated in the laboratory for the same ten species. The results highlighted a large variability in the tensile strength-diameter relations during the early stage establishment of plants, especially in thin roots with diameter ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 mm. The root tensile strength-diameter relationships highlighted three different trends. The common negative power relation between root tensile strength and diameter existed only for two out of the ten tested species (i.e. E. europaeus and U. europaeus). B. sempervirens, I. aquifolium and P. spinosa showed a slight increase in tensile strength with increasing root diameter. C. avellana, C. monogyna and L. vulgare consistently showed an initial increase in root tensile strength with increasing root diameter, reaching peak strength between 1.0 and 2.5 mm diameter. Beyond the peak strength, a reduction in strength was observed with increasing root dimeter. These bimodal trends might be partially explained by the differences in the development stage of root primary and secondary structures. Root moisture content can be one of the factors inducing the observed large variability in root tensile strength. Therefore, the last part of this thesis assessed the effects of root drying on the root biomechanical properties of U. europaeus. Root strength and stiffness showed an abrupt increase when root water content dropped below 0.5 g g-1. The strength increase can be explained by the reduction in root diameter and by changes in root properties induced by the root water potential drop. Moreover, root water loss and root strength gain were diameter-dependent because of the relatively larger evaporative surface per volume of thin roots.

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4

Lodi, Chiara, Antti Seitsonen, Elena Paffumi, Gennaro Michele De, Thomas Huld, and Stefano Malfettani. "Reducing CO2 emissions of conventional fuel cars by vehicle photovoltaic roofs." Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73237.

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The European Union has adopted a range of policies aiming at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from road transport, including setting binding targets for tailpipe CO2 emissions for new light-duty fleets. The legislative framework for implementing such targets allows taking into account the CO2 savings from innovative technologies that cannot be adequately quantified by the standard test cycle CO2 measurement. This paper presents a methodology to define the average productivity of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic roofs and to quantify the resulting CO2 benefits for conventional combustion engine-powered passenger cars in the European Union. The method relies on the analysis of a large dataset of vehicles activity data, i.e. urban driving patterns acquired with GPS systems, combined with an assessment of the shading effect from physical obstacles and indoor parking. The results show that on average the vehicle photovoltaic roof receives 58% of the available solar radiation in real-world conditions, making it possible to reduce CO2 emissions from passenger cars in a range from 1% to 3%, assuming a storage capacity of 20% of the 12 V battery dedicated to solar energy. This methodology can be applied to other vehicles types, such as light and heavy-duty, as well as to different powertrain configurations, such as hybrid and full electric.

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5

Kondo, Motohiko. "Improvement of productivity of rice under water stress in rainfed upland conditions in the tropics with emphasis on root eco-physiology." Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148334.

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6

Eck, Thomas Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Raupach, Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] [Hegger, and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Breitenbücher. "Tragverhalten unbewehrter Betonwände für den Lastfall exzentrische Normalkraft mit Biegung / Thomas Eck ; Michael Raupach, Josef Hegger, Rolf Breitenbücher." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1180731298/34.

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7

Eck, Thomas [Verfasser], Michael Akademischer Betreuer] Raupach, Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] [Hegger, and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Breitenbücher. "Tragverhalten unbewehrter Betonwände für den Lastfall exzentrische Normalkraft mit Biegung / Thomas Eck ; Michael Raupach, Josef Hegger, Rolf Breitenbücher." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1180731298/34.

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8

Mikhailitchenko, Serguei, and na. "The Australian Housing Market: Price Dynamics and Capital Stock Growth." Griffith University. Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, 2008. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20100729.074134.

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This study was motivated by the desire to contribute to the understanding of the movement of house prices and the role of the so-called economic fundamentals in the housing market, especially within an Australian context. The core objective of this thesis is to aid understanding of the economic and other mechanisms by which the Australian housing market operates. We do this by constructing an analytical framework, or model, that encompasses the most important characteristics of the housing market. This thesis examines two important aspects of the Australian housing market: movements of house prices and changes in the net capital stock of dwellings in Australia. Movements of house prices are modelled from two perspectives: firstly, using the fundamental approach, which explains the phenomena by changes in such fundamental explanatory variables as income, interest rates, population and prices of building materials, and secondly, by analysing spatial interdependence of house prices in Australian capital cities. Changes in stock of dwellings were also modelled on the basis of a fundamental approach by states and for Australia as a whole...

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9

Goetze, Stefan [Verfasser]. "On the Combination of Systems for Listening-Room Compensation and Acoustic Echo Cancellation in Hands-Free Teleconference Systems / Stefan Goetze." Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060623382/34.

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Ecco, Leonardo Luiz Verfasser], and Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ernst. "Architecture and Performance Analysis of a Multi-Generation SDRAM Controller for Mixed Criticality Systems / Leonardo Luiz Ecco ; Betreuer: Rolf Ernst." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1175814571/34.

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11

Nguyen, Ngoc Hung, Majid Dowlatnia, and Azhar Sarfraz. "Implementation of the LMS and NLMS algorithms for Acoustic Echo Cancellationin teleconference systemusing MATLAB." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-6368.

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In hands-free telephony and in teleconference systems, the main aim is to provide agood free voice quality when two or more people communicate from different places.The problem often arises during the conversation is the creation of acoustic echo. Thisproblem will cause the bad quality of voice signal and thus talkers could not hearclearly the content of the conversation, even thought lost the important information.This acoustic echo is actually the noise which is created by the reflection of soundwaves by the wall of the room and the other things exist in the room. The mainobjective for engineers is the cancellation of this acoustic echo and provides an echofree environment for speakers during conversation. For this purpose, scientists designdifferent adaptive filter algorithms. Our thesis is also to study and simulate theacoustics echo cancellation by using different adaptive algorithms.

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12

Carlo, Diego Di. "Echo-aware signal processing for audio scene analysis." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S075.

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La plupart des méthodes de traitement du signal audio considèrent la réverbération et en particulier les échos acoustiques comme une nuisance. Cependant, ceux-ci transmettent des informations spatiales et sémantiques importantes sur les sources sonores et des méthodes essayant de les prendre en compte ont donc récemment émergé.. Dans ce travail, nous nous concentrons sur deux directions. Tout d’abord, nous étudions la manière d’estimer les échos acoustiques à l’aveugle à partir d’enregistrements microphoniques. Deux approches sont proposées, l’une s’appuyant sur le cadre des dictionnaires continus, l’autre sur des techniques récentes d’apprentissage profond. Ensuite, nous nous concentrons sur l’extension de méthodes existantes d’analyse de scènes audio à leurs formes sensibles à l’écho. Le cadre NMF multicanal pour la séparation de sources audio, la méthode de localisation SRP-PHAT et le formateur de voies MVDR pour l’amélioration de la parole sont tous étendus pour prendre en compte les échos. Ces applications montrent comment un simple modèle d’écho peut conduire à une amélioration des performances
Most of audio signal processing methods regard reverberation and in particular acoustic echoes as a nuisance. However, they convey important spatial and semantic information about sound sources and, based on this, recent echo-aware methods have been proposed. In this work we focus on two directions. First, we study the how to estimate acoustic echoes blindly from microphone recordings. Two approaches are proposed, one leveraging on continuous dictionaries, one using recent deep learning techniques. Then, we focus on extending existing methods in audio scene analysis to their echo-aware forms. The Multichannel NMF framework for audio source separation, the SRP-PHAT localization method, and the MVDR beamformer for speech enhancement are all extended to their echo-aware versions

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Correia, José Alfredo Henriques. "A sustentabilidade financeira da segurança social em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2840.

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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira
Neste estudo analisa-se a sustentabilidade do sistema de Segurança Social em Portugal, investigando as determinantes da despesa de forma a propor políticas de gestão da mesma, susceptíveis de assegurar a sua sustentabilidade financeira. O estudo utiliza dados anuais de 1960 a 2002, estimando um modelo de correcção do erro que toma em consideração a cointegração de Johansen e de Engle-Granger, bem como testes de raízes unitárias. Enquadra-se este estudo no contexto institucional do sistema de Segurança Social em Portugal e na revisão da literatura feita sobre esta matéria.
This study analyses the sustainability of the social security system in Portugal, examining the origin of social security expense, so that we can offer policies that allow administrating social security expenses, permitting their financial sustainability. This study uses data from 1960 until 2002 and it develops an Error Correction Model (ECM) that takes into consideration the Johansen and the Engle-Granger cointegration as well as unit root tests. The present study fits in the institutional context of the Portuguese Social Security System and in the literature review made about this subject.

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Xiong, Tiantian. "Biodisponibilité des métaux et métalloïdes de particules micro- et nanométriques en relation avec leur phytotoxicité." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0081/document.

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Des particules ultrafines y compris nanométriques, enrichies en métaux (PM) sont émises dans l'atmosphère en zones industrielles et urbaines, puis sont transférées vers les écosystèmes terrestres et aquatiques, avec des conséquences sur la qualité des plantes et la santé humaine. Dans un contexte socio-scientifique mondial où la réglementation sur l’impact (éco)toxicologique des substances et les pressions de l'espace public se renforcent, des études d'impacts environnement-santé sur tout le cycle de vie des PM sont indispensables. La thèse visait tout d'abord l’étude du devenir et de l’impact des métaux des PM: leur cinétique de transfert, les mécanismes de phytodisponibilité, phytotoxicité, et les risques pour la santé humaine lors de l’ingestion de végétaux pollués. Ensuite, à travers le cas de potagers urbains en Chine, une étude socio-scientifique a été réalisée afin de proposer des moyens de gestion durable des risques environnement-santé. Les légumes peuvent accumuler des quantités importantes de métaux par absorption foliaire lorsque des PM pénètrent par les stomates. Des PM de PbO et des nano-CuO induisent une forte phytotoxicité (réduction de la biomasse et des échanges gazeux, nécroses). La phytotoxicité n’est pas simplement régie par la concentration totale en métaux car des bio-transformations se produisent et modifient les formes chimiques des métaux. L’analyse par résonance paramagnétique électronique (EPR) a mis en évidence un changement de spéciation du cuivre dans les tissus des feuilles. Par ailleurs, une influence significative de la nature du métal, de l’espèce végétale et du type d’exposition (foliaire/racinaire) sur la bioaccessibilité gastro-intestinale des éléments a été démontrée. A proximité d’un incinérateur de déchets ou d’une autoroute, l’absorption foliaire des PM induit des concentrations élevée en métaux dans les plantes, en plus du transfert sol-plante. Une bioaccessibilité humaine relativement élevée (60-79%) a été mesurée, suggérant un risque potentiel pour la santé en cas de consommation régulière. Les jardins potagers étudiés présentent un risque sanitaire faible (cas de l’incinérateur) ou modéré (cas de l’autoroute) à l'égard de la consommation humaine des légumes étudiés. Mais, une exposition à différents polluants organiques en plus des métaux est souvent possible. Cette thèse souligne l'importance de prendre en compte l'influence de l'atmosphère en plus de la qualité du sol pour estimer la qualité des plantes consommées cultivées en zones anthropisées (fermes et jardins urbains), pour la gestion durable des agricultures urbaines
Ultrafine particles including nanosized enriched with metal(loid)s (PM) are emitted into the atmosphere of industrial or urban areas, these PM can transfer into soil and water ecosystems and have consequences on plant quality and human health. In a global socio-scientific context that regulation on (eco)toxicity of chemicals and public space pressures are recently increased, studies of environmental and health impacts throughout the life cycle of PM are of crucial sanitary concern. The PhD aims first to study metal(loid)s present in the PM: their transfer kinetic and mechanism of phytoavailability, phytotoxicity, and human health risks-ingestion bioaccessibility. Then, through the case of vegetable gardens near an incinerator and a highway in China, a socio-scientific study was performed in order to give suggestions for sustainable environmental and health risk management for these sites. Vegetables can significantly accumulate metal(loid)s by foliar uptake when PM directly enter into leaves through stomata apertures. Ultrafine PbO and nano-CuO particles caused serious phytotoxicity (reduced biomass and gaseous exchange, and necrosis) after interaction with leaf surface. Phytotoxicity of metal(loid)s is not simply governed by their total concentration, but also depended on the potential bio-transformation. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis clearly evidenced copper speciation change in leaf tissues. Moreover, a significant influence of the nature of metal, plant species and the exposure pathways (foliar/root) on gastro-bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s had been demonstrated. For a social-scientific study near waste incinerator and roadside, we found that atmosphere PM fallouts can induce significant metal foliar uptake in addition to soil-plant transfer. The relatively high human bioaccessibility of metal (60-79%) was measured, suggesting a potential health risk in the case of regular consumption of polluted vegetables. Vegetable gardens present a low (waste incinerator) or moderate (highway) health risk with respect to human consumption quantity of the investigated vegetables, but exposure to different organic pollutants in addition to metals is often possible. Our studies highlight the importance of taking atmosphere and soil quality into account for estimating the quality of consumed plants grown in anthropic areas (farms and kitchen gardens), and for sustainable management of urban agricultures

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Ghestem, Murielle. "Quelles propriétés racinaires et quelles espèces-outils pour la stabilisation des points chauds de dégradation en Chine du Sud ?" Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00855792.

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La Chine est actuellement confrontée à de sérieux problèmes environnementaux et est listée parmi les pays qui contribuent le plus à la pollution et à la destruction de l'environnement mondial. En particulier, la Chine du Sud est une zone naturellement sujette aux glissements de terrain à cause de conditions tectoniques, climatiques et anthropiques particulièrement défavorables. Depuis la fin des années 1990, l'Etat chinois a mis en place des politiques de reforestation de grande envergure. mais il existe des lacunes de connaissances qu'il convient de combler. En particulier, le choix des espèces les plus adaptées n'est pas aisé parce que les processus par lesquels les plantes stabilisent les pentes ont besoin d'être mieux compris.En introduction, afin de mieux préciser les périmètres qui cadrent cette thèse, sont présentées la situation de la Chine du Sud au regard des glissements de terrain, la discipline d'éco-ingénierie et les solutions qu'elle peut apporter. Ainsi, ce travail (i) se concentre sur des espèces végétales locales, (ii) se limite aux glissements de terrain superficiels, et (iii) concerne à la fois les processus mécaniques et hydriques entre le sol et les racines. A l'intérieur de ces cadres, la thèse a pour objectif de répondre à la question scientifique : quels sont les propriétés racinaires qui influencent la stabilisation des pentes ? La réflexion est ensuite appliquée aux plantes de Chine du Sud afin d'identifier les meilleures espèces-outils. Pour répondre à cette question, à la fois les données de terrain (en Chine du Sud), les expériences de laboratoire (en France) et la formulation de concepts sont mobilisées. Les résultats sont organisés en deux chapitres. Le premier pose la question de l'efficacité de la présence de racines pour stabiliser les pentes, tous d'abord sous l'angle des processus mécaniques, puis sous l'angle des processus hydriques. Le deuxième chapitre permet d'identifier un panel de traits pertinents et non redondants évaluant l'efficacité d'une espèce pour la stabilisation des pentes puis s'appuie sur ce panel afin de sélectionner les espèces chinoises les plus efficaces. Enfin, la discussion aborde les limites de ce travail et propose de nouvelles pistes de recherche.Du point de vue mécanique comme du point de vue hydrique, c'est la conjonction des effets des racines de structure et des racines fines qui importe. Les racines de structure sanas racines fines ne sont pas optimales et peuvent même faire apparaître des lignes de fragilité. Plus précisément, les racines de structure sont particulièrement bienvenues vers l'aval de la pente pour des raisons à la fois mécaniques et hydriques. Les racines fines seules ne sont pas optimales non plus, elles peuvent faire apparaître localement des zones de faiblesse qui, si elles sont proches, participeront au déclenchement d'un glissement de terrain. Des ramifications racinaires denses améliorent la stabilité mécanique. Orientées vers l'aval de la pente, elles améliorent la stabilité hydrique. Les autres traits racinaires pertinents pour évaluer l'efficacité des racines à stabiliser le sol sont la contrainte et la déformation maximale en tension, la concentration en azote et la concentration en sucres solubles.

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Liese, Rebecca [Verfasser], Ina Christin [Akademischer Betreuer] Meier, Ina Christin [Gutachter] Meier, Andrea [Gutachter] Carminati, Hermann [Gutachter] Behling, Michaela [Gutachter] Dippold, Markus [Gutachter] Hauck, and Stefan [Gutachter] Scheu. "The effect of the mycorrhizal type on root-rhizosphere interactions in AM and ECM tree species: field studies and mesocosm experiments / Rebecca Liese ; Gutachter: Ina Christin Meier, Andrea Carminati, Hermann Behling, Michaela Dippold, Markus Hauck, Stefan Scheu ; Betreuer: Ina Christin Meier." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1178792072/34.

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Liese, Rebecca [Verfasser], Ina Christin [Akademischer Betreuer] Meier, Ina Christin Gutachter] Meier, Andrea [Gutachter] [Carminati, Hermann Gutachter] Behling, Michaela [Gutachter] Dippold, Markus [Gutachter] [Hauck, and Stefan [Gutachter] Scheu. "The effect of the mycorrhizal type on root-rhizosphere interactions in AM and ECM tree species: field studies and mesocosm experiments / Rebecca Liese ; Gutachter: Ina Christin Meier, Andrea Carminati, Hermann Behling, Michaela Dippold, Markus Hauck, Stefan Scheu ; Betreuer: Ina Christin Meier." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E59D-C-2.

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18

Jian, Yi Siang, and 簡毅翔. "A Study of Eco-Green Roof for Planting Design- The Case in Roof of the Fu Jen Catholic University College of Arts." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70773384837634149528.

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碩士
輔仁大學
景觀設計學系碩士班
101
Nowadays, Taiwan had a highly urbanized density , however, when the natural environment turned into the concrete jungle, causing serious imbalance in the ecosystem. In order to improve the deteriorating environment and construct ecology city, government , academic organization and private organizations in Taiwan began to promote the concept of Green Roof ,thereby, they improve the urban environment. However, the development of Taiwan’s Green Roof is in the experimental stage, lack for using ecological angle to research in plant design of Green Roof, lead exotic plant to oppressed native species. It make exotic plant repress the living of native plants. and brings potential threat for local ecosystem. Up to present, the database of Taiwan’s Green Roof is limited, so that the species and height of plant are monotonous, can’t attract organism and design an abundant and colorful landscape of Green Roof from multiple layers vegetation to plant. As the result, this research will explore Taiwan 's Green Roof from an angle of ecological design, the selection of native plants and ecological planting design, As supporting, the case in roof of the Fu Jen catholic university college of arts is used in this research. Research purposes is divided into three: 1. Understanding green roof development and problems in Taiwan through national & abroad cases and past history records. 2. To explore suitable native plants for Taiwan Green roof with experiment on the growth of the plant, results in various of plant selection plan. 3. According to the discussion of the case and with the experimental results , so the ecological planting design of the Green Roof is established. Research was started through discussion on the Green Roof’s past ecological design & other reference historical records. These information was used as a referral & the body on this research. According to the record & the sample experiment, native plant and shrub plays a very important part in the ecological design. Thus, this research was done by experimenting 6 different herbaceous plants & shrubs from the starting date: 2011/08/01 to 2012/1/1. The result of this research shows that the herbaceous plant suits for intensive green roof methods are: Gomphrena globosa,Ajuga pygmaea,Uraria crinite,Indigofera spicata Forsk; plants that suits for extensive green roof method are:Belamcanda chinensis,Sesuvium portulacastrum. For shrubs that suits for semi intensive green roof method are:Crossostephium chinense,Rhodomyrtus tomentosa,Serissa japonica ,Myoporum bontioides, Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim; shrub suits for extensive method is Schefflera arboricola Hayata. With the issues & resolutions found in initial design process, we can concludes that Green Roof ecological design is best with various kind of native & animal/insect-lure plants that built in multi-layer. This research also suggests various planting method for Green Roof and hoping to be the supporting force of our national Green roof design & development.

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Cottle, Louis E. "Urban regeneration: Urban renewal through eco-systemic design." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30058.

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The systemic relationship between the human entity and its environment, under the constraint of its function, were used as the perfect example to design and create the systemic relationship of an urban regenerative building with its economical, environmental and social context in the Inner City of Pretoria.
Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Architecture
unrestricted

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Wahyuni, Irma, and 吳怡柔. "The effect of eco-roof in reducing energy consumption: case study of building in Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v8537d.

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碩士
國立中央大學
營建管理研究所
102
Eco-roof is green construction structure consisting of medium soil and plants on top of a building. This research is motivated by the fact that forests and agricultural lands are replaced with impervious surfaces due to urban development in Taiwan, the countermeasures of the green-act should be done soon in order to preserve the health of the environment. Eco-roof technology is one of the appropriate response to cope with this issue. Establishing plant material on rooftops provide numerous ecological and economic benefits including mitigate urban heat island effect, control storm water run-off, reduce sound reflection and transmission, and lower heating and cooling costs, as well as sustain local wildlife. The main objective of this research is to model the influence of eco-roof retrofitting in term of annual energy reduction for a whole building in Taiwan through case study. The method use in this thesis involve whole building simulation model for residential and institutional building. Different type of eco-roof, soil thickness and distinct section assignment of the plant on the roof are parameters used for this research. Results show that different thickness do not directly affect annual energy consumption in the building but more likely has an indirect effect to energy reduction in relation to plants’ selection, in the other word, the larger types of plants the ticker soil need to be applied. Intensive type with the thinner soil layer gives better insulation compare to extensive and even for bare roof. Plants selection and eco-roof coverage design are the biggest factors to lower energy consumption, in this study cases for 5-storey institutional building could reduce energy as much as 24-36% and for 11-storey residential building decrease energy demand around 6-11%.

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Liao, Ya-Ping, and 廖雅萍. "The building energy efficiency of eco-roof in urban area–A case study of Taichung City." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25905016770823497264.

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碩士
康寧大學
資產管理與城市規劃研究所
100
Abstract Due to the growing phenomenon of global warming, and increasing of air conditioning load in urban areas, it is a very important issue to reduce air conditioning energy consumption effectively and to improve the building energy consumption today. In this study (the fifth floor apartment in Taichung City), the simulated case we use energy simulation software Ecotect to the numerical simulation, such as the different modules of the roof garden, air conditioning situation and the timetable for the simulation project. Then take concrete roof as the comparison, we summed up the best combination of insulation and energy efficiency, and we extended the simulation results to the originalTaichung City for the energy efficiency assessment later. In the generally moderate electricity situations (17-8) of urban housing in Taiwan, the result of research shows 1.The energy efficiency of eco-roof up to 19.5% in full air-conditioning mode. 2.The energy efficiency of eco-roof up to 13.9% in cooling only mode. 3. The energy efficiency of eco-roof up to 23.3% in mixed-mode. 4. If there are 70% of the housing roofs with eco-roofs that we can save maximum of 231,678,021 kWh per year, and consequential to save of NT 906,770,000 dollars. It also reduced the carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of 145,030 metric tons. We can found in this study that the efficiency to save the energy of eco-roof is high,setting the roof garden in the city can save energy effectively and reduce air conditioning load. Keywords：Energy Simulation, Ecotect, Air Conditioning Load, Numerical Limulation.

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Simões, Renato Caldas. "“Cultivar no edifício”: sustentabilidade das hortas urbanas integradas nas coberturas e fachadas verdes." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/69014.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura (área de especialização em Construção / Tecnologia)
A biosfera é um organismo vivo onde tudo está interligado. Cada ação tem seu efeito, a gerar um resultado que não tem como ser precisamente previsto. O atual sistema político-socioeconômico faz com que adotemos a idéia de que nossas vidas sejam análogas às máquinas, o que nos impede de ver a magia dos ecossistemas, a magnitude das nossas vidas e a harmonia necessária no todo. Diante de um cenário urbano mundial altamente industrializado e sobrecarregado, em que a relação entre seres humanos e meio ambiente foi degradada pela mentalidade do lucro e pelos processos de produção extrativos contemporâneos, surgem algumas questões: Como resolver o dilema de sustentabilidade causado pela ganância que gera impactos ambientais sem consciência? O que a arquitectura pode fazer para reverter os processos de degradação ambiental? Como superar os prováveis problemas futuros, causados seja pela poluição, desmatamento, superpopulação, ocupação sem planejamento, pandemias, e outras dificuldades ainda irão surgir no caminho da nossa evolução? Estimulados pela consciência ambiental, e evidências de que as emissões de carbono e a ocupação incessante do espaço aumentam a temperatura local e global, examinaremos neste estudo o aspecto arquitetônico de aproveitamento das coberturas e fachadas dos edifícios como um espaço mitigador à poluição, gerador de benefícios para a eficiência do edifício e cabível de produzir, não sendo apenas uma proteção contra intempéries. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo reunir e questionar os modelos projetados e os sistemas construtivos atuais, bem como suas funções adicionais, como a capacidade produtiva das fazendas urbanas e seus benefícios para o meio ambiente e seus habitantes. A agregar valor cientifico, foram analisados dois casos de estudo, sendo um deles na cidade portuguesa de Guimarães e outro na cidade brasileira do Rio de Janeiro, onde se apresenta a proposta de analisar os dados climaticos, conforto térmico e a produção de vegetação e alimentos sobre os protótipos criados para a pesquisa. Certamente, a aplicação da consciêntização ambiental nas etapas de planejamento, na escolha dos materiais, na elaboração do projeto, construção, manutenção e uso sustentável, a obrigação dos arquitectos e engenheiros, a contribuir com a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas na edificação, na cidade, no país e no mundo.
The biosphere is a living organism where everything is interconnected. Each action has its effect, generating a result that cannot be precisely predicted. The current political-socio-economic system makes us adopt the idea that our lives are analogous to machines, which prevents us from seeing the magic of ecosystems and the magnitude of our lives and the necessary harmony in the whole. Faced with a highly industrialized and overburdened global urban scenario, in which the relationship between human beings and the environment has been degraded by the profit mentality and by contemporary production processes, some questions arise: How to solve the sustainability dilemma caused by greed that generates impacts environmental? What can architecture do to reverse the processes of environmental degradation? How to overcome the probable future problems, caused either by pollution, overpopulation, unplanned occupation, pandemics, and other difficulties will still arise in the path of our evolution? Stimulated by environmental awareness, fostered by the Paris Agreement, as well as various laws, protocols, and evidence that carbon emissions and incessant occupation of space increase local and global temperature, in this study we will examine the architectural aspect of using roofs and building facades as a pollution-mitigating and productive space, not just a protection against bad weather. This dissertation aims to gather and question the projected models and the current construction systems, as well as their additional functions, such as the productive capacity of urban farms and their benefits for the environment, cities and their inhabitants. Adding scientific value, two studie of cases were analyzed, one in the Portuguese city of Guimarães and the other in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro, where we propose to analyze the climatic data, thermal comfort and the production of food allowed on the prototypes. Certainly, in the application of environmental awareness in the stages of planning, choice of materials, preparation of the project, construction, maintenance and sustainable use, we will be as architects and engineers, contributing to improving the quality of life of people in the building, in the city, in the country and into the world.

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23

Pedersen, Kimberly N. "Meadows in the sky : contemporary applications for eco-roofs in the Vancouver region." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11448.

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In Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, issues once thought isolated to large metropolitan areas such as Los Angeles, Tokyo, and Mexico City—increased storm water runoff, the urban heat island effect, deterioration of air and water quality, and loss of habitat and biodiversity—now threaten a region once described as "lotus-land" (Wynn and Oke, 1992, xi). European research supports the ability of green roofs to mitigate many of these ill effects of urbanization. The investigation undertaken by this thesis explores the role green roofs might play in the Greater Vancouver's transition to sustainable design and development. The thesis limits the scope of its investigation to inaccessible, extensive systems, alternately known as eco-roofs, which are relatively lightweight and low-maintenance. The paper reviews the historical and contemporary development of eco-roofs, including past and present motivations for their use and the evolution of construction methods. It then summarizes the potential impacts—aesthetic improvements, increased biodiversity, protection of the roof membrane, meso and microclimate mitigation, improved building insulation, and stormwater management—currently attributed to green roof implementation. The remainder of the thesis evaluates which of these potential impacts apply to Vancouver, in light of the city's physical contextual setting, and the ambient influences of the Greater Regional District The reported benefits of green roofs are numerous, and incremental contributions to improving environmental conditions should not be discounted or trivialized, however, in Vancouver and its region, eco-roofs' greatest impact, and consequently financial feasibility, resides in the mitigation of stormwater volumes. Eco-roofs' detain rainfall and slow runoff from the roof during and immediately following a storm event. This reduces peak flows, and corresponding CSO and flooding problems, and encourages a more natural hydrology by increasing the chances for stormwater infiltration. Storm runoff, and issues related to it, constitutes a persistent and growing problem in the GVRD. The ability of an eco-roofs even thin profile to mitigate this pressing issue could result in widespread, and even unforeseen, positive ramifications.

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Elungi, Konis. "Studies of integrated control of selected root diseases of sunflowers using Trichoderma harzianum (ECO-T®) and silicon." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/592.

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The soil-borne fungi Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum De Bary are ubiquitous plant pathogens with a wide host range. They are among the most widespread and destructive diseases of many crops, including sunflowers. Although in many cases, the use of chemicals appears to be the most economical and efficient means of controlling plant pathogens, their environmental concerns and the development of tolerance in pathogen populations have led to drastic reduction in their usage and increased the need to find alternative means of disease control. The potential benefits of applying Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and silicon (Si) nutrition to plants have been extensively reviewed. In this study, the ability of T. harzianum (Eco-T®), soluble silicon, and their combination was evaluated on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), for their potential to suppress pathogenic strains of R. solani and S. sclerotiorum. The ability of this crop to take up and accumulate Si in different plant parts was also investigated. In vitro assessment of fungal responses to Si in PDA showed that both R. solani and S. sclerotiorum were inhibited in the presence of Si. More inhibition was observed as the Si concentration increased with a relative increase in pH. Maximum growth inhibition was observed at 3000 mg ;-1 – 6000 mg ;-1 of PDA. No difference in inhibition between the two pathogens was observed, thus confirming the fungitoxic/suppressive ability of high Si concentrations to fungal growth. In addition, in vivo trials showed that the Si concentration of 200 mg ;-1 applied weekly significantly increased the dry weight of plants inoculated with R. solani and S. sclerotiorum and was therefore considered the optimum concentration. Assessments on in vitro antifungal activities of Eco-T® on R. solani and S. sclerotiorum, showed that Eco-T® significantly inhibited mycelial growth, in both dual culture methods and volatile and non-volatile compounds produced by Eco-T®. In addition, the combination of Eco-T® and Si was most effective in suppressing damping-off and increasing plant dry weight of sunflower seedlings in the greenhouse. The combination of Si and Eco-T® significantly increased percentage germination, number of leaves and head dry weight of the sunflower cultivars tested. Silicon alone increased growth but was unable to control R. solani and S. sclerotiorum effectively. Rhizotron studies showed that S. sclerotiorum infected the host through the roots and the stem, whereas R. solani only infected the host through the roots. A study on Si uptake and distribution showed that sunflower accumulates Si in various plant tissues. Analysis of plant tissues revealed that more Si was accumulated in leaves > stems > roots, with the Si levels in leaves being significantly higher than in stems and roots. In conclusion, Si alone could be used to increase growth but was unable to control R. solani and S. sclerotiorum. However, Si together with Eco-T® provides an environmentally friendly alternative for the control of R. solani and S. sclerotiorum, and enhanced plant growth and yield.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009.

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Jiang, Yu-Pei, and 江煜培. "The Cancellation of Acoustic Echo in Room by using IIR Filtering Response." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84286165175275769768.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
94
ABSTRACT Upon the digital signal processing and adaptively active control, this study adopts the (IIR) infinite impulse response digital filter as the systematic structure which combines with the (NLMS) normalized least-mean-square algorithm so as to carry on an optimize operation. To set up the acoustic-echo cancellation system for this study, the combination of the LabVIEW program and A/D-D/A converter data acquisitive equipment with personal computer is used as the required platform. For the experiment of the acoustic-echo cancellation, an enclosure with highly reflective walls is used as the experimental site, and the selected input signals both of pure-tones and random. The system performances are identified by comparing the methods to set up the parameter of system, its operation performance and their influence on the effectiveness of echo cancellation for various frequencies. Experimental results show that the ERLE by 20 to 50 decibels for various frequencies form low to high pure-tone sounds are reached. The reductions of echo power spectrum by more than 60 decibels are reached. As regards to the case of randomly acoustic echo, either the ERLE by 2 to 10 dB or the reduction of centre frequency by 3 to 15 dB is achieved. Moreover, for the case of narrow-band acoustic echo, either the ERLE by 13 to 18 dB or the reduction of centre frequency by 10 to 17 dB is achieved.

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26

Chen, Chih Hung, and 陳志宏. "Growth and Characterization of Thin-Oxide Grown Near Room-Temp by ECR Oxidation." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80245690898767972158.

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Chen, Tzu-Hsu, and 陳慈煦. "Echo Labeling for Room Shape Estimation Achieved by Alternating Coordinate Descent, Quasi-Newton and Trust-region Methods." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3563ux.

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碩士
國立交通大學
應用數學系數學建模與科學計算碩士班
106
"Can one hear the shape of a room?" is asked and investigated by Dokmanic et al.. In this thesis, Dokmanic et al.'s original way of echo labeling by alternating coordinate descent is compared with quasi-Newton and trust-region methods. To test performance of the methods, a sound-emitting device arbitrarily connecting four receivers that hear the echoes is placed in three different rooms in simulation. Under the assumptions that the room impulse responses could be successfully estimated and their peaks could be perfectly selected, the whole process for the room shape estimation is tested with 100 random settings. The estimated shape of the rooms via the three methods are roughly characterized as "good", "bad", or "failed". They are compared in different performance indices, including the execution time, the magnitude of error for non-failed results and the frequency of occurrences of failed results. Other implementation details like the termination criteria, the handling of multiple solutions, and the error estimation are also reported.

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Lee, Shih-Wei. "Lock Maker: Improving Room-level Localization Using Spatial Constraints." 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2008200721595400.

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Chen, Jhong-Min. "Chemical investigation of the root bark of Bombax malabarica DC." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2907200813003300.

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30

Liese, Rebecca. "The effect of the mycorrhizal type on root-rhizosphere interactions in AM and ECM tree species: field studies and mesocosm experiments." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E59D-C.

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31

Yang, Yu-jen. "A Room of One's Own: Space and Self in Samuel Richardson's Pamela." 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0002-2601200715482800.

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Liao, Ken-Hsuan. "Application of Thermoplastic Polyurethane and Urethane-acrylate in Dental Root Canal Material." 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2905200712553300.

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Chang, Su-Jen. "Professional Growth of Resource Room Teacher for the Students with Disabilities in Elementary Schools." 2003. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0021-2603200719134504.

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34

Tsai, Chung-Ting. "Application of Low Hydrolysis Polyurethane and Dual Curing Urethane-acrylate in Root Canal Filling Material." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2807200803112700.

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35

Jia-Rui, Huang. "Study of Room-temperature Spin Injection in Ni80Fe20/AlOx/GaAs-based QW (MIS Spin-LED) System." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2807200516254100.

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36

Wei-Ko, Lin. "Biomechanical stress analysis of root structure of mandibular first premolar with different post diameter-finite element stress analysis." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0011-2903200614042109.

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37

Ro-Ting, Lin. "The Effects of Ergonomic Intervention Program on Reducing Musculoskeletal Risk Factors and Symptoms among Female Semiconductor Fabrication Room Workers." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2206200518070900.

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38

Kuang-Wen, Tseng. "The Role of Neuronal Intermediate Filament in the Dorsal Root Ganglion and Spinal Motor Neurons of Dystonia musculorum Mice." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-3011200610280500.

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39

Mahembe, Edmore. "Foreign direct investment inflows and economic growth in SADC countries : a panel data approach." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14232.

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This dissertation examines the causal relationship between inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth (GDP) in SADC countries. The study investigates, within a panel data context, whether causation is short-term, long-term or both; and explores whether the causal relationship between the two variables differs according to income level. The study covered a panel of 15 SADC countries over the period 1980-2012. In order to assess whether the causal relationship between FDI inflows and economic growth is dependent on the level of income, the study divided the SADC countries into two groups, namely, the low-income and the middleincome countries. The study used the recently developed panel data analysis methods to examine this causal relationship. It adopted a three stage approach, which consists of panel unit root, panel cointegration and Granger causality to examine the dynamic causal relationship between the two variables. Panel unit root results show that both variables in the two SADC country groups were integrated of order one. Panel cointegration tests showed that the variables for low-income country group were not cointegrated, while the variables for the middle-income countries were cointegrated. Since the low-income country group panels were not cointegrated, Grangercausality tests were conducted within a VAR framework, while causality tests for the middleincome country group were conducted within an ECM framework. Panel Granger causality results for the low-income countries showed no evidence of causality in either direction. However, for the middle-income countries’ panel, there was evidence of a unidirectional causal flow from GDP to FDI in both the long- and short- run. The study concludes that the FDI-led growth hypothesis does not apply to SADC countries. The results imply that the recent high economic growth rates recorded in the SADC region, especially middle-income countries, have been attracting FDI. In other words, it is economic growth that drives FDI inflows into the SADC region, and not vice versa. These findings have profound policy implications for the SADC region at large and individual countries.
Economics
MCOM (Economics)

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