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1
Waris, Idrees, and Waqar Ahmed. "Empirical evaluation of the antecedents of energy-efficient home appliances: application of extended theory of planned behavior." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 31, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 915–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-01-2020-0001.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to predict the antecedents of consumers' purchase intention of energy-efficient home appliances. This study incorporated two additional constructs (knowledge of eco-labels and knowledge of eco-labels) in the model of the theory of planned behavior. Consumers' enhanced trust for energy-efficient products is crucial to purchase intention. The second construct is consumers' knowledge of eco-labels. Knowledge of eco-labels would help to assess consumers' tendency toward environmental problems and intention to purchase energy-efficient home appliances.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a quantitative approach using a survey (questionnaire) method to collect data of respondents. Non-probability quota based on age and convenience sampling techniques were employed to select the participants of this study.FindingsThe findings of the study revealed that consumer knowledge of eco-labels, green trust, subjective norm, attitude and perceived behavioral control have positive influence on purchase intention of energy-efficient home appliances.Originality/valueEco-labels are served as a marketing tool to distinguish producer's products from others. Prior studies have only focused on consumers' general knowledge. This study helps marketers to understand and design strategies to generate more value for green consumers. This study also contributes to the literature on green marketing by employing the theory of planned behavior.
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Pusztai, Zoltán, Péter Kőrös, Ferenc Szauter, and Ferenc Friedler. "Implementation of Optimized Regenerative Braking in Energy Efficient Driving Strategies." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 13, 2023): 2682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062682.
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In this paper, determination of optimized regenerative braking-torque function and application in energy efficient driving strategies is presented. The study investigates a lightweight electric vehicle developed for the Shell Eco-Marathon. The measurement-based simulation model was implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and used to establish the optimization. The optimization of braking-torque function was performed to maximize the recuperated energy. The determined braking-torque function was applied in a driving strategy optimization framework. The extended driving strategy optimization model is suitable for energy consumption minimization in a designated track. The driving strategy optimization was created for the TT Circuit Assen, where the 2022 Shell Eco-Marathon competition was hosted. The extended optimization resulted in a 2.97% improvement in energy consumption when compared to the result previously achieved, which shows the feasibility of the proposed methodology and optimization model.
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Bautista-Montesano, Rolando, Renato Galluzzi, Zhaobin Mo, Yongjie Fu, Rogelio Bustamante-Bello, and Xuan Di. "Longitudinal Control Strategy for Connected Electric Vehicle with Regenerative Braking in Eco-Approach and Departure." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2023): 5089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13085089.
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The development of more sustainable urban transportation is prompting the need for better energy management techniques. Connected electric vehicles can take advantage of environmental information regarding the status of traffic lights. In this context, eco-approach and departure methods have been proposed in the literature. Integrating these methods with regenerative braking allows for safe, power-efficient navigation through intersections and crossroad layouts. This paper proposes rule- and fuzzy inference system-based strategies for a coupled eco-approach and departure regenerative braking system. This analysis is carried out through a numerical simulator based on a three-degree-of-freedom connected electric vehicle model. The powertrain is represented by a realistic power loss map in motoring and regenerative quadrants. The simulations aim to compare both longitudinal navigation strategies by means of relevant metrics: power, efficiency, comfort, and usage duty cycle in motor and generator modes. Numerical results show that the vehicle is able to yield safe navigation while focusing on energy regeneration through different navigation conditions.
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Scheepens, Arno, and Joost Vogtländer. "Insulation or Smart Temperature Control for Domestic Heating: A Combined Analysis of the Costs, the Eco-Costs, the Customer Perceived Value, and the Rebound Effect of Energy Saving." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 3231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093231.
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Calculating the environmental benefits of energy saving systems in dwellings in a life cycle assessment (LCA) has two major issues, namely: how to deal with the customer behaviour and how to deal with rebound effects. Both issues are important for sustainable strategies. From a user-centred design perspective, two fundamentally different strategies are observed, namely: a ‘passive’ end-user, who invests in insulating the building and maintaining their preferred behaviour routines, versus an ‘active’ end-user; who must change his or her behaviour in order to save energy. A combined analysis of cost, (market) value, and eco-burden is used to compare and evaluate the two strategies; by applying the methods of eco-costs/value ratio (EVR) and eco-efficient value creation. Simulation software is applied to calculate the results for the active end-user approach (by means of home energy management systems [HEMS]). The energy savings for a passive user approach (applying thermal insulation) are calculated with straightforward heat loss calculations. The rebound effect of energy savings is taken into consideration. From the environmental point of view, the optimal insulation thickness is calculated, by comparing the energy savings with the environmental burden of the insulation materials. This analysis shows that HEMS are effective for poorly insulated houses, but not for well insulated houses. Governmental policies that focus only on insulation, however, lack the urgency of greenhouse gas reduction; the HEMS for existing houses is an indispensable tool for a fast transition to less domestic energy consumption.
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Moya-Salazar, Jeel, and Víctor Rojas-Zumaran. "Eco-Pap: The Ecological Modification of the Papanicolaou Stain for Sustainable Cervical Cancer Diagnosis." Acta Cytologica 63, no. 1 (October 23, 2018): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493113.
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Objectives: To validate the ecological modification of the Papanicolaou stain (Eco-Pap) for the diagnosis of cervical cancer. Study Design: A prospective study was performed at the Mother and Child “San Bartolomé” Hospital, Lima, Peru. Reagent handling strategies were divided into three phases: we used (1) Harris progressive hematoxylin (for nuclear staining), (2) a polychromatic solution (a mix of EA-36/Orange G-6 to suppress the use of several alcohol baths), and (3) direct mounting (with Entellan® solution). The cellular details were analyzed by the staining quality index, an external quality control, and the Bethesda System 2014. Results: We evaluated 72,901 cervical smears stained with the Eco-Pap. The validation of the Eco-Pap against the conventional Pap stain was optimal (κ = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.87–0.92), showing a sensibility and specificity of 88.3% (95% CI: 85.1–90.0) and 98.7% (95% CI: 98–99.2), respectively. The Eco-Pap dramatically reduced the environmental pollution caused by 72 L of xylene, hydrochloric acid, and ammonia (6 L each) and mercury oxide. Conclusion: The Eco-Pap is an innovative and efficient staining method reducing the use of toxic reagents with carcinogenic potential during cervical cancer screening by exfoliative cytology.
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Shailbala, Shailbala, and Amarendra Kumar. "Eco-friendly management of late blight of potato– A review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1282.
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Late blight of potato caused by fungus Phytophthora infestans responsible for Irish famine in the year 1845, is one of the most dramatic episode caused by plant pathogen in human history. One million people died due to famine in Ireland. So eco-friendly management of potato late blight disease is a necessary goal to be accomplished.During last many years, management strategies solely relied upon the application of fungicides due to rapid development of late blight epidemics. However, indiscriminate use of fungicide posesses a serious threat to the environment and human health. It is also responsible for built up of resistance in the pathogen and have adverse effect on beneficial organisms such as nitrogen fixers, resident antagonism and mycorrhizal fungi. So to minimize the fungicide use, eco-friendly means for late blight management are required on a priority basis. In recent years, significant changes in isolates of late blight fungus have been recorded including changes in aggressiveness to the crop also. Since, late blight is a community disease so, effective eco-friendly management must be adopted by the all producers, farmers, gardeners and growers with the help of government agencies, extension specialist and crop consultants etc. The strategy to control late blight is the prevention of establishment of Phytophthorainfestans in potato crop. In this context, disease management by cultural practices is the first line of defense while forecasting system, physiological strategies, biological control, host plant resistance and bio-technological approach are essential for efficient, effective and eco-friendly management of late blight of potato.
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Alruwaili, Reem F., Nourah Alsadaan, Abeer Nuwayfi Alruwaili, and Afrah Ghazi Alrumayh. "Unveiling the Symbiosis of Environmental Sustainability and Infection Control in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review." Sustainability 15, no. 22 (November 8, 2023): 15728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152215728.
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This systematic review explores the intricate relationship between environmental sustainability and infection control in healthcare. A comprehensive examination of twelve selected studies reveals key themes, including the pivotal role of leadership in motivating sustainable practices within healthcare facilities and the integration of sustainable design strategies for effective infection prevention and control. The review emphasizes the significance of strong leadership in driving a culture of environmental responsibility, fostering staff engagement, and ensuring the success of sustainability initiatives. Sustainable design strategies, such as energy-efficient building practices and eco-friendly materials, emerge as essential components of both environmental sustainability and infection control. By creating synergy between these objectives, healthcare facilities can simultaneously reduce their environmental footprint and enhance patient safety. This study underscores the importance of leadership commitment and sustainable design in shaping the future of healthcare toward a more environmentally responsible and infection-resistant paradigm.
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Akbar, Fazal. "CURRENT STATUS OF PEACH LEAF CURL DISEASE IN PAKISTAN AND FUTURE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES." Agrobiological Records 12 (June 2023): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47278/journal.abr/2023.012.
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Peach leaf curl disease (PLCuD) is a devastating fungal disease that poses a significant threat to peach production globally, and its impact is also evident in Pakistan's fruit industry. The disease is caused by phyto-parasitic fungi from the Taphrinaceae family, primarily the genus Taphrina. Chemical fungicides are the most common method for controlling the disease; however, their use presents health and environmental concerns and can lead to resistance over time. As a result, alternative control strategies that are both cost-effective and environmentally friendly are essential. Unfortunately, there is a significant gap in knowledge about PLCuD in Pakistan, and the actual cause of the disease remains unidentified, making management impossible. Therefore, discovering novel biological control methods is crucial to combat this disease effectively. Recent advances in biotechnology have shown promising results in developing biological control agents, such as microbial inoculants, bio-fungicides, and bio-pesticides. These agents can specifically target the fungi responsible for the disease, leading to more efficient and sustainable control measures. The review highlights the urgent need to develop sustainable and effective biological control methods to combat PLCuD in Pakistan and to provide innovative and eco-friendly solutions for managing this devastating disease and ensuring the long-term sustainability of the peach industry in Pakistan.
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Gleiss, Adrian C., Jean Potvin, and Jeremy A. Goldbogen. "Physical trade-offs shape the evolution of buoyancy control in sharks." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1866 (November 8, 2017): 20171345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1345.
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Buoyancy control is a fundamental aspect of aquatic life that has major implications for locomotor performance and ecological niche. Unlike terrestrial animals, the densities of aquatic animals are similar to the supporting fluid, thus even small changes in body density may have profound effects on locomotion. Here, we analysed the body composition (lipid versus lean tissue) of 32 shark species to study the evolution of buoyancy. Our comparative phylogenetic analyses indicate that although lean tissue displays minor positive allometry, liver volume exhibits pronounced positive allometry, suggesting that larger sharks evolved bulkier body compositions by adding lipid tissue to lean tissue rather than substituting lean for lipid tissue, particularly in the liver. We revealed a continuum of buoyancy control strategies that ranged from more buoyant sharks with larger livers in deeper ecosystems to relatively denser sharks with small livers in epipelagic habitats. Across this eco-morphological spectrum, our hydrodynamic modelling suggests that neutral buoyancy yields lower drag and more efficient steady swimming, whereas negative buoyancy may be more efficient during accelerated movements. The evolution of buoyancy control in sharks suggests that ecological and physiological factors mediate the selective pressures acting on these traits along two major gradients, body size and habitat depth.
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Peralta, M. Estela, Nuria Alcalá, and Víctor M. Soltero. "Weighting with Life Cycle Assessment and Cradle to Cradle: A Methodology for Global Sustainability Design." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 9042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199042.
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Sustainable product design uses methodologies focused on eco-effectiveness and eco-efficiency for the proposal of innovative technological solutions and for the control of environmental impacts during the product life cycle. One of the main drawbacks of such techniques is their qualitative nature, associated with a decision-making process that is sometimes arbitrary, or with unverifiable data; this means that several complementary tools are currently being used to reduce the error in the results obtained. This situation makes the unification of procedures necessary. In this context, this research develops a methodology for the sustainable design of industrial products that integrates life cycle assessment (in its environmental, economic and social application) and cradle-to-cradle techniques. For this purpose, a new assessment process is proposed, based on damage, developing LCA+C2C endpoint indicators. The methodology is subsequently verified in a case study of products for sustainable mobility (city trike electric). The results show that an integrated LCA+C2C assessment can help to propose more balanced sustainable strategies and would be a suitable method to measure tradeoffs between economic, social and environmental results, for practical purposes and future redesigns. The unified method provides a procedure to design a solution with a trade-off between eco-efficient and eco-effective criteria; it also simplifies the design phases, facilitates the interpretation of the results and provides a quantitative scope to the cradle-to-cradle framework.
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Negi, Archana, Roopali Sharma, Nandani Shukla, Sourav Kumar Modak, Manjari Negi, and Bhupesh Chandra Kabdwal. "Mycotoxin management through transformations – A review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 2214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1514.
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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolic products of various fungi, mainly belonging to the genera Fusarium (Trichothecenes, Zearalenone), Aspergillus (Aflatoxin) and Penicillium (Ochratoxin) and can be found in almost 25% of the world’s agricultural commodities. These compounds are toxic to humans, animals and plants and therefore, efforts should be made to avoid mycotoxin contamination in food and feed. It has been estimated that at least 300 of these fungal metabolites are potentially toxic to animals and humans. In India 50% losses of agricultural commodities are due to postharvest losses. A number of physical and chemical approaches have already been taken to reduce the effect of mycotoxins, but due to certain limitations of physical and chemical strategies prompted search for other solutions to the mycotoxin hazards. Thus, there is an increasing public pressure for a safer and eco-friendly alternative to control these organisms. Consequently, a new approach is applied for managing mycotoxins through transformations that offer specific, efficient and eco-friendly way for detoxification of mycotoxins. This review aims to brings about the up-to-date management strategies mainly through transformation (genetic and bio) to pre-vent or reduce post harvest damages to the crops caused by storage fungi and the contamination of food and feed by mycotoxins. It will make aware of the new technologies or management methods for mycotoxins through transformation. The transformation methods may become the technology of choice, as they offer a specific, irreversible, efficient and environment friendly way of detoxification that leaves neither toxic residues nor any undesirable by-products.
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Stabile, Pietro, Federico Ballo, Giorgio Previati, Giampiero Mastinu, and Massimiliano Gobbi. "Eco-Driving Strategy Implementation for Ultra-Efficient Lightweight Electric Vehicles in Realistic Driving Scenarios." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031394.
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This paper aims to provide a quantitative assessment of the effect of driver action and road traffic conditions in the real implementation of eco-driving strategies. The study specifically refers to an ultra-efficient battery-powered electric vehicle designed for energy-efficiency competitions. The method is based on the definition of digital twins of vehicle and driving scenario. The models are used in a driving simulator to accurately evaluate the power demand. The vehicle digital twin is built in a co-simulation environment between VI-CarRealTime and Simulink. A digital twin of the Brooklands Circuit (UK) is created leveraging the software RoadRunner. After validation with actual telemetry acquisitions, the model is employed offline to find the optimal driving strategy, namely, the optimal input throttle profile, which minimizes the energy consumption over an entire lap. The obtained reference driving strategy is used during real-time driving sessions at the dynamic driving simulator installed at Politecnico di Milano (DriSMi) to include the effects of human driver and road traffic conditions. Results assess that, in a realistic driving scenario, the energy demand could increase more than 20% with respect to the theoretical value. Such a reduction in performance can be mitigated by adopting eco-driving assistance systems.
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Youssef, Rekabra, Md Sazzad Hosen, Jiacheng He, Mohammed AL-Saadi, Joeri Van Mierlo, and Maitane Berecibar. "Thermal Performance Improvement for Different Strategies of Battery Thermal Management Systems Combined with Jute—A Comparison Study." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030873.
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Jute is a cheap, eco-friendly, widely available material well-known for its cooling properties. In electric vehicles (EVs), dissipating a huge amount of the heat generated from lithium-ion batteries with an efficient, light, and low-power consumption battery thermal management system (BTMS) is required. In our previous study, jute fibers were proposed and investigated as a novel medium to enhance the cooling efficiency of air-based battery thermal management systems. In this paper, as the first attempt, jute was integrated with a phase change material (PCM) passive cooling system, and the thermal performance of a 50 Ah prismatic battery was studied. Temperature evolution, uniformity, and cooling efficiency were investigated. A comparison between the thermal behavior of the air-based BTMS and PCM-assisted cooling system was performed. The results indicated that adding jute to the BTMS increased the cooling efficiency and especially decreased the temperature development. Furthermore, the temperature difference (ΔT) efficiency was enhanced by 60% when integrating jute with PCM, and temperature uniformity improved by 3% when integrating jute with air-based BTMS. This article compared the integration of jute with active cooling and passive cooling; thus, it shed light on the importance of jute as a novel, eco-friendly, lightweight, cheap, available, and nontoxic material added to two strategies of BTMS. The setup was physically made and experimentally studied for the purpose of BTMS optimization.
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V, Maksimov I., Sorokan A. V, Burkhanova G. F, Veselova S. V, Alekseev V. Yu, Shein M. Yu, Avalbaev A. M, et al. "Mechanisms of Plant Tolerance to RNA Viruses Induced by Plant-Growth-Promoting Microorganisms." Plants 8, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120575.
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Plant viruses are globally responsible for the significant crop losses of economically important plants. All common approaches are not able to eradicate viral infection. Many non-conventional strategies are currently used to control viral infection, but unfortunately, they are not always effective. Therefore, it is necessary to search for efficient and eco-friendly measures to prevent viral diseases. Since the genomic material of 90% higher plant viruses consists of single-stranded RNA, the best way to target the viral genome is to use ribonucleases (RNase), which can be effective against any viral disease of plants. Here, we show the importance of the search for endophytes with protease and RNase activity combined with the capacity to prime antiviral plant defense responses for their protection against viruses. This review discusses the possible mechanisms used to suppress a viral attack as well as the use of local endophytic bacteria for antiviral control in crops.
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Cui, Jia-Qi, Qing-Sheng He, Ming-Hui Liu, Hong Chen, Ming-Bo Sun, and Jian-Ping Wen. "Comparative Study on Different Remediation Strategies Applied in Petroleum-Contaminated Soils." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051606.
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Due to the increasing pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs), it is an important task to develop eco-friendly and highly efficient methods for remediating petroleum-contaminated soils. In this study, bioremediation technology was applied to remediate PHs contaminated soils, and the bacterial community structure and physicochemical characteristics of the soil treated using different bioremediation regimens were analyzed. Compared with the control condition (S0), the PHs removal efficiency of biostimulation (S2) and bioaugmentation (S3) was increased significantly. Combined biostimulation with bioaugmentation (S4) had the highest PHs removal efficiency, up to 60.14 ± 4.12%. Among all the selected remediation strategies (S1–S4, S1: soil moisture content: 25–30%), the bacterial alpha-diversity was higher than in S0. The genera Acinetobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides, Microbacterium, and Parabacteroides were found to greatly contribute to PHs’ degradation. In the group S4, the PH-degraders and soil enzyme activity were higher than in the other remediation regimens, and these indices gradually decreased in the mid-to-later periods of all remediation tests. Additionally, the abundance of alkB and nah genes was increased by improving the environmental condition of the microorganism communities. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) had a positive correlation with total PHs degradation. This study offers insights into the microbial community response to environmental factors during bioremediation, which shows a promoting effect in enhancing the efficiency of PHs remediation.
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Ferreira-Sánchez, Antonio, and Madelyn Marrero. "Waste Management of Emergency Construction Work. Case Study: 40 Dwellings in Seville (Spain)." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 11, no. 1 (February 14, 2017): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801711010110.
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Eco-efficient rehabilitation of buildings and neighbourhoods should include strategies to reduce the potential environmental impact of buildings under consideration for demolishment. In this case, good construction and demolition (C&D) waste management can represent a doubly eco-efficient approach: advantage is taken of much of the building and the volume of waste is reduced during construction and demolition work. Construction and demolition waste management in emergency situations is a subject yet to be studied in the construction sector. This kind of work, although not very common, involves major building damages and the need for punctual, partial or total demolitions. The amount of C&D waste can be a major problem to deal with, and its management during the critical first phases can determinate the progress of the rehabilitation. Conditioned by a greater number of factors than normal construction works, the lack of time for the identification, quantification, and evaluation of C&D waste renders this type of extremely useful study. In this work, from the case study of the emergency repair of a residential building of 40 dwellings in Seville (Spain) seriously affected by a soil displacement, Generated C&D waste are identified and the waste reduction techniques used are shown. These techniques contributed to achieve the planned objectives and to control in advance the cost. Finally, the most important data, C&D waste quantification and the managing cost are presented in order to serve as reference for similar circumstances in the future because there areno clear references to be used.
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Ayaz, Muhammad, Cai-Hong Li, Qurban Ali, Wei Zhao, Yuan-Kai Chi, Muhammad Shafiq, Farman Ali, et al. "Bacterial and Fungal Biocontrol Agents for Plant Disease Protection: Journey from Lab to Field, Current Status, Challenges, and Global Perspectives." Molecules 28, no. 18 (September 21, 2023): 6735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186735.
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Plants are constantly exposed to various phytopathogens such as fungi, Oomycetes, nematodes, bacteria, and viruses. These pathogens can significantly reduce the productivity of important crops worldwide, with annual crop yield losses ranging from 20% to 40% caused by various pathogenic diseases. While the use of chemical pesticides has been effective at controlling multiple diseases in major crops, excessive use of synthetic chemicals has detrimental effects on the environment and human health, which discourages pesticide application in the agriculture sector. As a result, researchers worldwide have shifted their focus towards alternative eco-friendly strategies to prevent plant diseases. Biocontrol of phytopathogens is a less toxic and safer method that reduces the severity of various crop diseases. A variety of biological control agents (BCAs) are available for use, but further research is needed to identify potential microbes and their natural products with a broad-spectrum antagonistic activity to control crop diseases. This review aims to highlight the importance of biocontrol strategies for managing crop diseases. Furthermore, the role of beneficial microbes in controlling plant diseases and the current status of their biocontrol mechanisms will be summarized. The review will also cover the challenges and the need for the future development of biocontrol methods to ensure efficient crop disease management for sustainable agriculture.
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Kadoić Balaško, Martina, Katarina M. Mikac, Renata Bažok, and Darija Lemic. "Modern Techniques in Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) Control and Resistance Management: History Review and Future Perspectives." Insects 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090581.
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Colorado potato beetle, CPB (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), is one of the most important pests of the potato globally. Larvae and adults can cause complete defoliation of potato plant leaves and can lead to a large yield loss. The insect has been successfully suppressed by insecticides; however, over time, has developed resistance to insecticides from various chemical groups, and its once successful control has diminished. The number of available active chemical control substances is decreasing with the process of testing, and registering new products on the market are time-consuming and expensive, with the possibility of resistance ever present. All of these concerns have led to the search for new methods to control CPB and efficient tools to assist with the detection of resistant variants and monitoring of resistant populations. Current strategies that may aid in slowing resistance include gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi, besides providing an efficient tool for gene functional studies, represents a safe, efficient, and eco-friendly strategy for CPB control. Genetically modified (GM) crops that produce the toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have many advantages over agro-technical, mechanical, biological, and chemical measures. However, pest resistance that may occur and public acceptance of GM modified food crops are the main problems associated with Bt crops. Recent developments in the speed, cost, and accuracy of next generation sequencing are revolutionizing the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and field of population genomics. There is a need for effective resistance monitoring programs that are capable of the early detection of resistance and successful implementation of integrated resistance management (IRM). The main focus of this review is on new technologies for CPB control (RNAi) and tools (SNPs) for detection of resistant CPB populations.
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Nguyen, Ngoc Tri Huynh, Pham Huong Huyen Nguyen, Hoang Thien Khoi Nguyen, and Khanh Son Nguyen. "Eco-friendly method of biocementation for soil improvement and environmental remediation in the context of Viet Nam: a state-of-the-art review." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 61, no. 6 (December 15, 2023): 917–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/18516.
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Scientists have been using microorganisms to improve soil strength and durability through a process called biocementation. This technique involves inducing mineral precipitation to form a cement-like material that enhances soil properties. Biocementation has been successful in various applications, including soil stabilization, erosion control, and groundwater remediation. Researchers are optimizing nutrient concentrations and ratios to create a favorable environment for microbial activity and promote efficient mineral formation. Different microorganisms have varying abilities to induce mineralization, and cycle treatments have shown promise in stimulating biomineralization processes. Biocementation is a sustainable and eco-friendly technique that can stabilize and immobilize contaminants in soil and groundwater, preventing the spread of pollutants. Despite these challenges, biocementation holds great potential for innovative soil improvement and environmental remediation. Recent studies, experiments, testing devices, and results from research groups in the world and Vietnam in recent years were reviewed to gain insight into this promising approach. Ongoing research aims to develop cost-efficient and sustainable methods for large-scale production and application of biocementing agents. Further research is needed to uncover the intricate mechanisms and identify optimal strategies for applications and environmental conditions.
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Ma, Zhipeng, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen, and Zheng Grace Ma. "A Scoping Review of Energy-Efficient Driving Behaviors and Applied State-of-the-Art AI Methods." Energies 17, no. 2 (January 19, 2024): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17020500.
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The transportation sector remains a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. The understanding of energy-efficient driving behaviors and utilization of energy-efficient driving strategies are essential to reduce vehicles’ fuel consumption. However, there is no comprehensive investigation into energy-efficient driving behaviors and strategies. Furthermore, many state-of-the-art AI models have been applied for the analysis of eco-friendly driving styles, but no overview is available. To fill the gap, this paper conducts a thorough literature review on ecological driving behaviors and styles, and analyzes the driving factors influencing energy consumption and state-of-the-art methodologies. With a thorough scoping review process, thirty-seven articles with full text were assessed, and the methodological and related data are compared. The results show that the factors that impact driving behaviors can be summarized into eleven features including speed, acceleration, deceleration, pedal, steering, gear, engine, distance, weather, traffic signal, and road parameters. This paper finds that supervised/unsupervised learning algorithms and reinforcement learning frameworks have been popularly used to model the vehicle’s energy consumption with multi-dimensional data. Furthermore, the literature shows that the driving data are collected from either simulators or real-world experiments, and the real-world data are mainly stored and transmitted by meters, controller area networks, onboard data services, smartphones, and additional sensors installed in the vehicle. Based on driving behavior factors, driver characteristics, and safety rules, this paper recommends nine energy-efficient driving styles including four guidelines for the drivers’ selection and adjustment of the vehicle parameters, three recommendations for the energy-efficient driving styles in different driving scenarios, and two subjective suggestions for different types of drivers and employers.
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Kannaiyan, Surender, and Neeraj Dhanraj Bokde. "Performance of Parabolic Trough Collector with Different Heat Transfer Fluids and Control Operation." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 7572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207572.
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Electricity generation from solar energy has become very desirable because it is abundantly available and eco-friendly. Mathematical modeling of various components of a Solar Thermal Power plant (STP) is warranted to predict the optimal and efficient operation of the plant. The efficiency and reliability of STPs are maximized based on different operating strategies. Opting for proper Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF), which is proposed in this paper, helps in reducing operating complexity and lowering procurement cost. The Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) is the heart of STP, where proper focusing of PTC towards solar radiation is the primary task to maximize the outlet temperature of HTF. This maximum temperature plays a major factor due to diurnal solar radiation variation, and its disturbance nature, with the frequent startup and shutdown of STP, is avoided. In this paper, the PTC component is modeled from the first principle, and, with different HTF, the performance of PTC with constant and quadratic solar disturbances is analyzed along with classical control system designs. Through this, the operator will be able to choose proper HTF and resize the plant components depending on plant location and weather conditions. Furthermore, the thermal energy is collected for therminol oil, molten salt, and water; and its performance with different inputs of solar radiation is analyzed along with closed-loop controllers. Thermal energy extracted by therminol oil, molten salt, and water with constant solar radiation results in 81.7%,73.7% and 18.7%, respectively.
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Bagade, Sonal Santosh, Shashidhar Patel, M. M. Malik, and Piyush K. Patel. "Recent Advancements in Applications of Graphene to Attain Next-Level Solar Cells." C 9, no. 3 (July 19, 2023): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c9030070.
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This paper presents an intensive review covering all the versatile applications of graphene and its derivatives in solar photovoltaic technology. To understand the internal working mechanism for the attainment of highly efficient graphene-based solar cells, graphene’s parameters of control, namely its number of layers and doping concentration are thoroughly discussed. The popular graphene synthesis techniques are studied. A detailed review of various possible applications of utilizing graphene’s attractive properties in solar cell technology is conducted. This paper clearly mentions its applications as an efficient transparent conducting electrode, photoactive layer and Schottky junction formation. The paper also covers advancements in the 10 different types of solar cell technologies caused by the incorporation of graphene and its derivatives in solar cell architecture. Graphene-based solar cells are observed to outperform those solar cells with the same configuration but lacking the presence of graphene in them. Various roles that graphene efficiently performs in the individual type of solar cell technology are also explored. Moreover, bi-layer (and sometimes, tri-layer) graphene is shown to have the potential to fairly uplift the solar cell performance appreciably as well as impart maximum stability to solar cells as compared to multi-layered graphene. The current challenges concerning graphene-based solar cells along with the various strategies adopted to resolve the issues are also mentioned. Hence, graphene and its derivatives are demonstrated to provide a viable path towards light-weight, flexible, cost-friendly, eco-friendly, stable and highly efficient solar cell technology.
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Alvarez-Risco, Aldo, Alfredo Estrada-Merino, Marc A. Rosen, Annia Vargas-Herrera, and Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales. "Factors for Implementation of Circular Economy in Firms in COVID-19 Pandemic Times: The Case of Peru." Environments 8, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8090095.
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The circular economy can contribute to the eco-efficient use of resources. Firms can obtain relevant benefits if they implement a circular economy. In Peru, the circular economy would create benefits, but it is not fully clear what factors explain the acceptance of firms of implementing a circular economy. Following the theory of planned behavior, the current research assesses the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral norms, intentions, and pressures on behaviors towards the circular economy. A total of 71 medium-size firms based in Peru participated in an online survey. Six questions were focused on general information, and forty-seven questions evaluated the circular economy behavior of firms. A partial least square structural equation modeling technical analysis was used. It was found that attitudes (0.144), subjective norms (0.133), and perceived behavioral control (0.578) had a positive influence on intentions; also, perceived behavioral control (0.461) had a positive influence on behaviors towards the circular economy. Finally, pressures had a positive influence (0.162) on behaviors towards the circular economy. The model explained 64.3% of the behaviors towards the circular economy. The outcomes of the bootstrapping test were used to evaluate if the path coefficients are significant. This study showed that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral norms, intentions, and pressures explained circular economy behaviors. This information can help firms develop strategies to move forward a circular economy and provide governments information about the current situation of circular economy implementation to generate new norms and strategies for more implementation of circular economy measures in enterprises. The novelty is based on using the PLS-SEM technique.
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Han, Kai-Ru, Wen-Wen Wang, Wen-Qin Yang, Xian Li, Tong-Xian Liu, and Shi-Ze Zhang. "Characterization of CrufCSP1 and Its Potential Involvement in Host Location by Cotesia ruficrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an Indigenous Parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China." Insects 14, no. 12 (December 1, 2023): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14120920.
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Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are a class of soluble proteins that facilitate the recognition of chemical signals in insects. While CSP genes have been identified in many insect species, studies investigating their function remain limited. Cotesia ruficrus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) holds promise as an indigenous biological control agent for managing the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China. This study aimed to shed light on the gene expression, ligand binding, and molecular docking of CrufCSP1 in C. ruficrus. A RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of CrufCSP1 was higher in the wings, with male adults exhibiting significantly higher relative expression levels than other developmental stages. A fluorescence competitive binding analysis further demonstrated that CrufCSP1 has a high binding ability with several host-related volatiles, with trans-2-hexenal, octanal, and benzaldehyde showing the strongest affinity to CrufCSP1. A molecular docking analysis indicated that specific amino acid residues (Phe24, Asp25, Thr53, and Lys81) of CrufCSP1 can bind to these specific ligands. Together, these findings suggest that CrufCSP1 may play a crucial role in the process of C. ruficrus locating hosts. This knowledge can contribute to the development of more efficient and eco-friendly strategies for protecting crops and managing pests.
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Aruchamy, Kanakaraj, Athinarayanan Balasankar, Subramaniyan Ramasundaram, and Tae Hwan Oh. "Recent Design and Synthesis Strategies for High-Performance Supercapacitors Utilizing ZnCo2O4-Based Electrode Materials." Energies 16, no. 15 (July 25, 2023): 5604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155604.
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ZnCo2O4 has emerged as a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications due to its unique properties and potential for high-performance energy storage. As a transition metal oxide, ZnCo2O4 offers eco-friendly characteristics and favorable diffusion properties, making it an attractive candidate for sustainable energy storage systems. However, the poor conductivity and low surface area of ZnCo2O4 have posed challenges for its optimal utilization in supercapacitors. Various innovative approaches have been explored to overcome these limitations, including the development of ZnCo2O4 with different morphologies such as core-shell and porous structures. This review work aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of diverse synthesis methods employed in recent studies, including hydrothermal growth, solvothermal synthesis, wet chemical methods, and miscellaneous synthesis techniques, each offering unique advantages and influencing the properties of the synthesized materials. The synthesis conditions, such as precursor concentrations, temperature, annealing time, and the incorporation of dopants or additional materials, were found to play a crucial role in determining the electrochemical performance of ZnCo2O4-based supercapacitor electrodes. Core-shell heterostructures based on ZnCo2O4 exhibited versatility and tunability, with the choice of shell material significantly impacting the electrochemical performance. The incorporation of different materials in composite electrodes, as well as doping strategies, proved effective in enhancing specific capacitance, stability, surface area, and charge transfer characteristics. Controlled synthesis of ZnCo2O4 with diverse morphologies and porosity was crucial in improving mechanical strength, surface area, and ion diffusion capabilities. The findings provide valuable insights for the design and engineering of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes based on ZnCo2O4, and suggest exciting avenues for further exploration, including advanced characterization techniques, novel doping strategies, scale-up of synthesis methods, and integration into practical supercapacitor devices. Continued research and development in this field will contribute to the advancement of energy storage technologies and the realization of efficient and sustainable energy storage systems.
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De Corato, Ugo. "Towards New Soil Management Strategies for Improving Soil Quality and Ecosystem Services in Sustainable Agriculture: Editorial Overview." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 9398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229398.
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The major issues related to indiscriminate land use are overall related to topsoil depletion, groundwater contamination, plant disease outbreaks, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, global vision focused on the environmental impact and use of eco-friendly strategies are increasing. The design of new agroecosystems and food systems are fundamental to make more sustainability in soil management systems by improving the release of advanced ecosystems services for farmers. Sustainable agriculture utilizes natural renewable resources in the best way due to their intrinsic features by minimizing harmful impact on the agroecosystems. Farmers should sustain or even increase the soil organic matter (SOM) content overall in depleted, semiarid and arid soils. Nutrients recycled from agro-waste into the soil using residual biomass sources should be endorsed by diversified agriculture and governmental policies in which livestock and crop production are spatially integrated. Many good agricultural practices that growers may use to promote soil quality and soil health by minimizing water use and soil pollution on farms are yet available from past years. Exploration of the natural soil biodiversity and manipulation of soil microbiota by continuous amendment with compost, biochar and digestate represents a pre-requisite to develop more efficient microbial consortia useful for soils and crops. On the other hand, more attention is proven regarding the sustainable use of useful microorganisms employed as pure inoculants in rhizosphere. Among them, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and biological control agents cover the major groups of tailored inoculants in order to rationalize the internal recycling of nutrients and their energy recovery, or to improve the soil quality and plant health thanks to their diversified mechanisms of action and complex interactions between SOM, microbiota and plant roots in the rhizosphere.
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Tereshchuk, N. V., L. V. Tranchenko, O. M. Tranchenko, and A. M. Shashero. "ENVIRONMENTALIZATION OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS." Odesa National University Herald. Geography and Geology 28, no. 1(42) (August 10, 2023): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2303-9914.2023.1(42).282240.
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The aim of this article is to summarize and methodize the current information about ecological problems of hotel and restaurant sector, including Ukraine; to identify the main principles with the aim of ecologization of this tourism component based on world experience. Due to the current state of the world, Covid‑19 eco-friendly hotels are also in a good position. Greening is an added security health. Organic cuisine supports strong immunity. Natural and hypoallergenic materials in the hotel equipment have only a positive effect on the human body. Landscaping and interior landscaping spacious rooms provide cleaner air and favorable conditions for living, wellness, and rest. Worsening factors have emerged environmental indicators (increase in waste, mandatory individual packaging, etc.). The current state of hotel activities has led to the search for new one’s environmental measures and development strategies. In recent decades, the hotel business in Ukraine has been developing dynamically. Significant changes have been made for account of entering the market of hotel services of international networks such as Rixos, Rezidor, Hyatt, Wyndham Hotel Group. The policy of their activities contributed adjustments to the competitive position of the industry. Signs efficient hotel facility is a high level and quality control of services, environmental orientation, modern equipment and innovative technologies.
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Landolfi, Enrico, Francesco Junior Minervini, Nicola Minervini, Vincenzo De Bellis, Enrica Malfi, and Ciro Natale. "Integration of a Model Predictive Control with a Fast Energy Management Strategy for a Hybrid Powertrain of a Connected and Automated Vehicle." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12030159.
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In the years to come, Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) are expected to substantially improve the road safety and environmental impact of the road transport sector. The information from the sensors installed on the vehicle has to be properly integrated with data shared by the road infrastructure (smart road) to realize vehicle control, which preserves traffic safety and fuel/energy efficiency. In this context, the present work proposes a real-time implementation of a control strategy able to handle simultaneously motion and hybrid powertrain controls. This strategy features a cascade of two modules, which were implemented through the model-based design approach in MATLAB/Simulink. The first module is a Model Predictive Control (MPC) suitable for any Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) architecture, acting as a high-level controller featuring an intermediate layer between the vehicle powertrain and the smart road. The MPC handles both the lateral and longitudinal vehicle dynamics, acting on the wheel torque and steering angle at the wheels. It is based on a simplified, but complete ego-vehicle model, embedding multiple functionalities such as an adaptive cruise control, lane keeping system, and emergency electronic brake. The second module is a low-level Energy Management Strategy (EMS) of the powertrain realized by a novel and computationally light approach, which is based on the alternative vehicle driving by either a thermal engine or electric unit, named the Efficient Thermal Electric Skipping Strategy (ETESS). The MPC provides the ETESS with a torque request handled by the EMS module, aiming at minimizing the fuel consumption. The MPC and ETESS ran on the same Microcontroller Unit (MCU), and the methodology was verified and validated by processor-in-the-loop tests on the ST Microelectronics board NUCLEO-H743ZI2, simulating on a PC-host the smart road environment and a car-following scenario. From these tests, the ETESS resulted in being 15-times faster than than the well-assessed Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS). Furthermore, the execution time of both the ETESS and MPC was lower than the typical CAN cycle time for the torque request and steering angle (10 ms). Thus, the obtained result can pave the way to the implementation of additional real-time control strategies, including decision-making and motion-planning modules (such as path-planning algorithms and eco-driving strategies).
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Targosz, Mirosław, Wojciech Skarka, and Piotr Przystałka. "Model-Based Optimization of Velocity Strategy for Lightweight Electric Racing Cars." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (June 7, 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3614025.
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The article presents a method for optimizing driving strategies aimed at minimizing energy consumption while driving. The method was developed for the needs of an electric powered racing vehicle built for the purposes of the Shell Eco-marathon (SEM), the most famous and largest race of energy efficient vehicles. Model-based optimization was used to determine the driving strategy. The numerical model was elaborated in Simulink environment, which includes both the electric vehicle model and the environment, i.e., the race track as well as the vehicle environment and the atmospheric conditions. The vehicle model itself includes vehicle dynamic model, numerical model describing issues concerning resistance of rolling tire, resistance of the propulsion system, aerodynamic phenomena, model of the electric motor, and control system. For the purpose of identifying design and functional features of individual subassemblies and components, numerical and stand tests were carried out. The model itself was tested on the research tracks to tune the model and determine the calculation parameters. The evolutionary algorithms, which are available in the MATLAB Global Optimization Toolbox, were used for optimization. In the race conditions, the model was verified during SEM races in Rotterdam where the race vehicle scored the result consistent with the results of simulation calculations. In the following years, the experience gathered by the team gave us the vice Championship in the SEM 2016 in London.
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Manoj, D., and F. T. Josh. "A Comprehensive Review on Optimization and Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for Effective Battery Management in EVs." International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications 12, no. 5 (2023): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeetc.12.5.334-341.
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Globally, research on battery technology to be utilized in electric vehicle applications is rapidly expanding to solve the problems of greenhouse emissions and global warming. The efficiency of Electric Vehicles (EVs) are highly depends on the precise measurement of significant factors, as well as on the appropriate operation and analysis of the battery storage system. Unfortunately, inadequate battery storage system monitoring and safety measures can result in serious problems such battery over-charging, over-discharging, overloading, imbalanced cells, heat explosion, and combustion hazards. The quantity of a battery’s energy in respect to its capability is described to as the state of charge (SOC). SOC is measured in percentage points and is estimated as the distance between the battery’s maximum possible output and its average energy at a specific time under the same issues. State of health (SOH) is the evaluation of a battery’s maximum charge amount compared to its starting value when it is first discharged. SOH is calculated using percentage points as its variables. An efficient battery management system, which includes tailored to the content, charging-discharging control, thermal regulation, battery protection and security, is essential for addressing these issues. This paper’s objective is to provide a thorough analysis of various intelligent control strategies and battery management system methodologies used in the EV applications. Also, the review assesses the smart algorithms for estimating battery state in terms of their attributes, customization, arrangement, accuracy, benefits, and drawbacks. Finally, prospects and directions for developing a successful sophisticated algorithm and controller are presented in order to create an enhanced battery management system for applications in future, eco-friendly EV technology.
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Tripathy, Ashutosh, Ram Dev More, Sandeep Gupta, Jastin Samuel, Joginder Singh, and Ram Prasad. "Present and Future Prospect of Algae: A Potential Candidate for Sustainable Pollution Mitigation." Open Biotechnology Journal 15, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070702115010142.
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Pollution control and mitigation are critical to protect the ecosystem and make everyone's life safer and healthier. Different pollution mitigation strategies and measures are implemented to remove pollutants, which broadly involve physical, chemical, and biological methods. Biological methods are found to be more sustainable, effective, and eco-friendlier than the other two methods. These methods mainly use microbes like bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants, and their products like enzymes and metabolic products to remove pollutants. Due to their unique photosynthetic ability and simple growth requirements, Algae can be grown using simpler components like CO2, sunlight, and media, making them a potential candidate to be used as a pollution mitigator. Algae can indicate and remove pollutants like CO2, SO2, NO2, and particulate matter from the air; these pollutants and particulate matter are either used for their growth or these are accumulated inside them.. Algal species have shown the efficient removal of heavy metals, organic pollutants, explosives, petroleum contaminants, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and plastics from different water sources. There is a lot of scope in using algae to remove organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater treatment plants. Algae hold great potential to remove radioactive pollutants from natural resources and involve removal mechanisms like biosorption and bioaccumulation. Algae can be used with different adsorbent materials to develop adsorption systems for the adsorption of radionuclides and heavy metals. This review elucidates different algal species, their cultural conditions, the removal efficiency of different types of pollutants from the air, water, soil, and their role in genetic engineering and the algae's potential for waste mitigation.
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Shukla, Puskar, Devanand R. Bankar, Arun Kumar, Muhammad Suhaib Ismayil M., Ashutosh Singh Aman, Pramod Kumar Mishra, Himendra Raj Raghuvanshi, and Mateti Gayithri. "Advancements in the Use of Entomopathogenic Microbes for Pest and Disease Management- A Review." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (August 23, 2023): 945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102740.
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This comprehensive review presents an in-depth analysis of the role of entomopathogenic microbes in insect pest and disease management. The study covers the taxonomy and classification of these organisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes, all of which have shown efficacy in controlling various insect pests. Entomopathogenic microbes represent a valuable, sustainable, and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides, highlighting their significant role in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. The review reveals that entomopathogenic microbes affect pests at different developmental stages through various mechanisms, including disease induction, parasitism, and competition for resources. The effects are not just lethal but also sub-lethal, affecting pest reproductive capacity, growth, and development. The microbes secondary metabolites often have antimicrobial properties, contributing to plant disease management by suppressing plant pathogens. Despite their promising potential, challenges exist in the widespread application of these microbes. Factors such as formulation, delivery, and environmental conditions can influence their effectiveness. The paper also discusses the importance of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in understanding the complex interactions between microbes, insects, and plants, which could lead to the development of more targeted and efficient bio-control agents. The review outlines future directions for this field, emphasizing the necessity for more extensive research to enhance our understanding of entomopathogenic microbes, optimize their use, overcome the current challenges, and harness their potential for sustainable pest and disease management. The need for regulatory frameworks to ensure safe and effective utilization is also underscored. This paper underscores the untapped potential of entomopathogenic microbes as acritical component of sustainable agriculture.
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Eslamirad, Nasim, Soheil Malekpour Kolbadinejad, Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad, and Mohammad Mehranrad. "Thermal comfort prediction by applying supervised machine learning in green sidewalks of Tehran." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 9, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-03-2019-0028.
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PurposeThis research aims to introduce a new methodology for integration between urban design strategies and supervised machine learning (SML) method – by applying both energy engineering modeling (evaluating phase) for the existing green sidewalks and statistical energy modeling (predicting phase) for the new ones – to offer algorithms that help to catch the optimum morphology of green sidewalks, in case of high quality of the outdoor thermal comfort and less errors in results.Design/methodology/approachThe tools of the study are the way of processing by SML, predicting the future based on the past. Machine learning is benefited from Python advantages. The structure of the study consisted of two main parts, as the majority of the similar studies follow: engineering energy modeling and statistical energy modeling. According to the concept of the study, at first, from 2268 models, some are randomly selected, simulated and sensitively analyzed by ENVI-met. Furthermore, the Envi-met output as the quantity of thermal comfort – predicted mean vote (PMV) and weather items are inputs of Python. Then, the formed data set is processed by SML, to reach the final reliable predicted output.FindingsThe process of SML leads the study to find thermal comfort of current models and other similar sidewalks. The results are evaluated by both PMV mathematical model and SML error evaluation functions. The results confirm that the average of the occurred error is about 1%. Then the method of study is reliable to apply in the variety of similar fields. Finding of this study can be helpful in perspective of the sustainable architecture strategies in the buildings and urban scales, to determine, monitor and control energy-based behaviors (thermal comfort, heating, cooling, lighting and ventilation) in operational phase of the systems (existed elements in buildings, and constructions) and the planning and designing phase of the future built cases – all over their life spans.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of the study are related to the study variables and alternatives that are notable impact on the findings. Furthermore, the most trustable input data will result in the more accuracy in output. Then modeling and simulation processes are most significant part of the research to reach the exact results in the final step.Practical implicationsFinding of the study can be helpful in urban design strategies. By finding outdoor thermal comfort that resulted from machine learning method, urban and landscape designers, policymakers and architects are able to estimate the features of their designs in air quality and urban health and can be sure in catching design goals in case of thermal comfort in urban atmosphere.Social implicationsBy 2030, cities are delved as living spaces for about three out of five people. As green infrastructures influence in moderating the cities’ climate, the relationship between green spaces and habitants’ thermal comfort is deduced. Although the strategies to outside thermal comfort improvement, by design methods and applicants, are not new subject to discuss, applying machines that may be common in predicting results can be called as a new insight in applying more effective design strategies and in urban environment’s comfort preparation. Then study’s footprint in social implications stems in learning from the previous projects and developing more efficient strategies to prepare cities as the more comfortable and healthy places to live, with the more efficient models and consuming money and time.Originality/valueThe study achievements are expected to be applied not only in Tehran but also in other climate zones as the pattern in more eco-city design strategies. Although some similar studies are done in different majors, the concept of study is new vision in urban studies.
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Negi, Ankit. "Green Buildings: Strategies for Energy-Efficient and Eco-Friendly Designs." Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 70, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v70i1.2524.
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Green buildings have emerged as a critical solution to address the environmental challenges caused by conventional building practices. This abstract explores various strategies for designing energy-efficient and eco-friendly green buildings. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of incorporating sustainable design principles and technologies in building construction, with a focus on reducing energy consumption and promoting environmental stewardship. The abstract discusses key strategies such as passive design, energy-efficient systems, renewable energy integration, materials selection, and water conservation.Passive design techniques play a vital role in achieving energy efficiency and comfort in green buildings. These strategies involve optimizing the building's orientation, maximizing natural lighting, and utilizing natural ventilation for cooling. By utilizing these passive strategies, green buildings can significantly reduce energy demands for heating, cooling, and lighting, thereby minimizing their carbon footprint.Energy-efficient systems further enhance the performance of green buildings. Advanced heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems with high-efficiency components and intelligent controls help minimize energy consumption while maintaining indoor air quality and thermal comfort. Additionally, incorporating energy-efficient lighting systems, such as LED technology, can significantly reduce electricity usage.
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Wang, Yang, Hao Yin, Zhiruo Liu, and Xinyu Wang. "A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature on Pollutant Removal from Stormwater Runoff from Vacant Urban Lands." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 12906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912906.
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Even though the common acknowledgment that vacant urban lands (VUL) can play a positive role in improving stormwater management, little synthesized literature is focused on understanding how VUL can take advantage of different stormwater control measures (SCMs) to advance urban water quality. The project aims to provide urban planners with information on the remediation of vacant lands using urban runoff pollutant removal techniques. To find the most effective removal method, relevant scholarly papers and case studies are reviewed to see what types of vacant land have many urban runoff pollutants and how to effectively remove contaminants from stormwater runoff in the city by SCMs. The results show that previously developed/used land (but now vacant) has been identified as contaminated sites, including prior residential, commercial, industrial, and parking lot land use from urban areas. SCMs are effective management approaches to reduce nonpoint source pollution problems runoff. It is an umbrella concept that can be used to capture nature-based, cost-effective, and eco-friendly treatment technologies and redevelopment strategies that are socially inclusive, economically viable, and with good public acceptance. Among these removal techniques, a bioretention system tends to be effective for removing dissolved and particulate components of heavy metals and phosphorus. Using different plant species and increasing filter media depth has identified the effectiveness of eliminating nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N). A medium with a high hydraulic conductivity covers an existing medium with low hydraulic conductivity, and the result will be a higher and more effective decrease for phosphorus (P) pollutants. In addition, wet ponds were found to be highly effective at removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, with removal rates as high as 99%. For the removal of perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) pollutants, despite the implementation of SCMs in urban areas to remove PFAAs and particulate-related contaminants in stormwater runoff, the current literature has little information on SCMs’ removal of PFAAs. Studies have also found that VUL’s size, shape, and connectivity are significantly inversely correlated with the reduction in stormwater runoff. This paper will help planners and landscape designers make efficient decisions around removing pollutants from VUL stormwater runoff, leading to better use of these spaces.
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Castillo, Nora E. Torres, Yovanina Aguilera Acosta, Lizeth Parra-Arroyo, María Adriana Martínez-Prado, Verónica M. Rivas-Galindo, Hafiz M. N. Iqbal, A. Damiano Bonaccorso, Elda M. Melchor-Martínez, and Roberto Parra-Saldívar. "Towards an Eco-Friendly Coffee Rust Control: Compilation of Natural Alternatives from a Nutritional and Antifungal Perspective." Plants 11, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 2745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11202745.
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Hemileia vastatrix (HV) is the pathogen responsible for the coffee leaf rust (CLR) disease that has spread globally. CLR causes losses of up to a billion dollars annually and affects all types of crops regardless of their production regime (organic or inorganic). Additionally, smallholders produce approximately 80% of coffee in developing countries. The condition causes losses of up to a billion dollars annually. It affects all types of crops regardless of their production regime (organic or inorganic). Approximately 80% of coffee is produced by smallholders in developing countries. Until the 90s, shaded-production systems and native varieties were encouraged; however, the rapid spread of CLR has forced farmers to migrate towards inorganic schemes, mainly due to a lack of knowledge about natural alternatives to pesticides that can be implemented to control HV. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to compile the currently existing options, emphasizing two key factors that guarantee efficient rust control: selective fungicidal activity against HV and the nutrition of coffee crops. Thus, by comprehending how these natural compounds (such as plant, bacteria, fungi, animals, or algae metabolites) impact coffee rust proliferation. Furthermore, since a various range of biochar effects contributes to the control of foliar fungal pathogens through modification of root exudates, soil properties, and nutrient availability, which influence the growth of antagonist microorganisms, we present a review of the pathogen-suppressive effects of biochar, and new control strategies suitable for organic schemes can be developed.
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Fan, Bo, Kangning Xiong, and Ziqi Liu. "Forest Plant Water Utilization and the Eco-Hydrological Regulation in the Karst Desertification Control Drainage Area." Forests 14, no. 4 (April 5, 2023): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14040747.
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Subtropical forests in southwestern karst areas are the top priority for ecosystem restoration, as studying the water absorption strategies of the major plants in these regions is crucial to determining the species distribution and coexistences within these seasonal subtropical forests, which will help us to cope with the forest ecosystem crisis under future climate change. We used the stable isotope ratios (δD and δ18O) of tree xylem and soil water to assess the seasonal changes in the water use patterns and hydrological niche separations of four dominant tree species in seasonal subtropical forests in southwestern karst areas. The results showed that the soil water’s isotopic composition varied gradiently in the vertical direction and that the variation of the soil water’s isotopic composition was greater in the shallow layer than in its depths. Juglans regia (HT) mainly depended on soil water at a depth of 30–60 cm (41.8 ± 6.86%) and fissure water (32.5 ± 4.21%), while Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (HJ) and Eriobotrya japonica Lindl (PP) had the same water use pattern. In the dry season, HT competed with HJ and PP for water resources, and in the rainy season, HJ and PP competed with Lonicera japonica (JYH), while HJ competed with PP all the time. JYH and HT were in a separate state of hydrologic niche and they did not pose a threat to each other. Coexisting trees are largely separated along a single hydrological niche axis that is defined by their differences in root depth, which are closely related to tree size. Our results support the theory of hydrological niche isolation and its potential responses in relation to drought resistance. This study provides a method for determining more efficient plant combinations within karst forest vegetation habitats and its results will have important implications for ecosystem vegetation restoration.
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Jayawardane, Heshan, Ian J. Davies, J. R. Gamage, Michele John, and Wahidul K. Biswas. "Investigating the ‘techno-eco-efficiency’ performance of pump impellers: metal 3D printing vs. CNC machining." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, July 23, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-09748-2.
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AbstractThe economic, environmental, and social impacts caused by the extensive resource consumption and harmful emissions from the metal manufacturing industry should be lowered through innovative sustainable manufacturing strategies. This study aims to investigate the techno-eco-efficiency performance of metal 3D-printed parts in comparison with CNC-machined parts to determine the technical, economic, and environmental performance as a decision support tool for selecting the most techno-eco-efficient manufacturing method. In this study, a novel metal extrusion 3D printing technology has been used to create a centrifugal semi-open pump impeller in 316L stainless steel material. The technical feasibility of the impellers has been determined by evaluating the geometry, build material, mechanics, morphology, and functional performance of the impellers. The eco-efficiency performance of technically feasible impellers was evaluated through environmental life cycle assessment, life cycle costing, and portfolio analysis. This eco-efficiency analysis helped ascertain the cost-competitiveness and environmentally friendliness of the 3D-printed impellers by comparing it with the conventional impellers. The findings reveal that the AM impeller is eco-efficient mainly due to lower normalised environmental impacts (54.6%) compared to the SM impeller. The functional parts made by metal extrusion 3D printing are technically feasible, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly compared to the SM counterparts.
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Jaiswal, Durgesh Kumar, Suresh Janardhan Gawande, P. S. Soumia, Ram Krishna, Anukool Vaishnav, and Avinash Bapurao Ade. "Biocontrol strategies: an eco-smart tool for integrated pest and diseases management." BMC Microbiology 22, no. 1 (December 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-022-02744-2.
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AbstractFor the burgeoning global population, sustainable agriculture practices are crucial for accomplishing the zero-hunger goal. The agriculture sector is very concerned about the rise in insecticide resistance and the Modern Environmental Health Hazards (MEHHs) that are problems for public health due to on pesticide exposure and residues. Currently, farming practices are being developed based on microbial bio-stimulants, which have fewer negative effects and are more efficient than synthetic agro-chemicals. In this context, one of the most important approaches in sustainable agriculture is the use of biocontrol microbes that can suppress phytopathogens and insects. Simultaneously, it is critical to comprehend the role of these microbes in promoting growth and disease control, and their application as biofertilizers and biopesticides, the success of which in the field is currently inconsistent. Therefore, editorial is part of a special issue titled "Biocontrol Strategies: An Eco-smart Tool for Integrated Pest and Disease Management" which focuses on biocontrol approaches that can suppress the biotic stresses, alter plant defense mechanisms, and offer new eco-smart ways for controlling plant pathogens and insect pests under sustainable agriculture.
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Miranda, Montserrat-Ana, María Jesús Alvarez, Cyril Briand, Matías Urenda Moris, and Victoria Rodríguez. "Eco-efficient management of a feeding system in an automobile assembly-line." Journal of Modelling in Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (September 11, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-10-2019-0241.
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Purpose This study aims to reduce carbon emissions and costs in an automobile production plant by improving the operational management efficiency of a serial assembly line assisted by a feeding electric tow vehicle (ETV). Design/methodology/approach A multi-objective function is formulated to minimize the energy consumption of the ETV from which emissions and costs are measured. First, a mixed-integer linear programming model is used to solve the feeding problem for different sizes of the assembly line. Second, a bi-objective optimization (HBOO) model is used to simultaneously minimize the most eco-efficient objectives: the number of completed runs (tours) by the ETV along the assembly line, and the number of visits (stops) made by the ETV to deliver kits of components to workstations. Findings The most eco-efficient strategy is always the bi-objective optimal solution regardless of the size of the assembly line, whereas, for single objectives, the optimization strategy differs depending on the size of the assembly line. Research limitations/implications Instances of the problem are randomly generated to reproduce real conditions of a particular automotive factory according to a previous case study. The optimization procedure allows managers to assess real scenarios improving the assembly line eco-efficiency. These results promote the implementation of automated control of feeding processes in green manufacturing. Originality/value The HBOO-model assesses the assembly line performance with a view to reducing the environmental impact effectively and contributes to reducing the existent gap in the literature. The optimization results define key strategies for manufacturing industries eager to integrate battery-operated motors or to address inefficient traffic of automated transport to curb the carbon footprint.
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Wang, Zhaojun, Wenbo Luo, Shujia Cheng, Hongjie Zhang, Jing Zong, and Zhe Zhang. "Ralstonia solanacearum – A soil borne hidden enemy of plants: Research development in management strategies, their action mechanism and challenges." Frontiers in Plant Science 14 (February 24, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1141902.
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Plant pathogens present in soil cause severe losses to plants every year. Among them, Ralstonia solanacearum, because of its destructive nature, is the world’s second most damaging bacterial phytopathogen. Over 310 species of plants belonging to 42 plant families are infected by this deadly pathogen. Around the world, the bacterial wilt (BW) disease causes yield losses that range from 20 to 100%. Control measures for managing this pathogen comprises several diverse approaches. Regardless of whether several control methods are developed to manage the BW disease, efficient management strategies with eco-friendly effects and the desired level of effective control is still awaited and there is need to developed effective management methods to eliminate this fetal disease in several crops under field conditions. An analysis of development in the management strategies will provide an effective way to search and develop control methods with desirable level of effectiveness. In this review, we discussed and analyzed the information reported on the development of various management strategies for the management of R. solanacearum along with the comprehensive presentation on action mechanism of these management strategies. We have also made an effort to summarize the challenges that make hurdle in the effective management of this deadly pathogen. The analysis of the information in this review article will assist in future implications of management strategies and help in developing effective control measures with more efficacy.
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Li, Yating, Ting Chen, Xinxin Zhang, and Jiahang Yuan. "The encroachment strategy under eco-innovation collaboration with delayed realized efficiency information." Kybernetes, October 23, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-10-2022-1491.
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PurposeEco-innovation products, which means achieving more efficient and responsible use of resources and reducing the detrimental impact on the environment, can win a competitive advantage for the enterprises. But it is not easy to implement due to the high cost of eco-innovative technologies development, the uncertainty of market needs and return risk of investment. Many enterprises seek collaborations from their upstream suppliers to jointly carry out eco-innovation, such as Apple, IBM and Nike. A unique feature of collaboration is that efforts by one party enhance the marginal value of the other party's efforts. However, the collaboration will make the partner know the eco-innovation technology and prompt the partner to encroach the market to sell competitive products by herself. Motivated by this observation, this paper considers the optimal collaboration strategy on eco-innovation between upstream and downstream supply chain member and the optimal encroachment strategy of upstream supplier in a supply chain.Design/methodology/approachThis paper models a supply chain wherein a supplier provides products or materials for her manufacturer and cooperates with her manufacturer in eco-innovation. Also, the supplier could encroach on the market to sell similar products by herself. Then this paper uses game theory and mathematical modeling to do relative analysis.FindingsThe analysis reveals several interesting insights. First, eco-innovation collaboration makes supplier encroachment no longer only rely on the encroachment cost. The delayed realized eco-innovation efficiency information also plays a vital role. Second, different from previous research, the authors find the manufacturer's preference for supplier encroachment depends on the uncertainty of eco-innovation efficiency and potential market demand. Third, both partial and full encroachment strategies of the supplier can effectively improve the eco-innovation level.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to take the interplay between collaboration and encroachment into account in a supply chain. The results caution enterprises and policymakers to take vertical collaboration and delayed realized information into account in the competitive supply chain before making any operational decisions. Furthermore, the authors propose that governmental intervention aimed at stimulating supplier encroachment in appropriate circumstances can contribute to the improved environmental performance of products.
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McQueen, Gabriel, and Nicolas Hudon. "Bioprocess Modelling, Intensification, and Control." Inquiry@Queen's Undergraduate Research Conference Proceedings 17, no. 2 (August 29, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/iqurcp16677.
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Chemical bio-process intensification, driven by the need for sustainability and cost-effectiveness, has gained significant attention. This study explores dynamic intensification (DI), a strategy to enhance efficiency by modifying system dynamics, operation, and control. Two key approaches are investigated: intensification by design, involving deliberate changes to physical and chemical aspects, and intensification by control, optimizing process parameters and feedback loops.
The research focuses on the Optimal Periodic Control (OPC) method, dating back to the 1960s but now revisited with modern technology. To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of dynamic intensification, a comprehensive methodology encompassing modeling, optimization, linearization, dynamic intensification, and control was designed. This methodology ensures systematic and standardized testing of DI in various bioprocesses within the industry.
Through rigorous case studies, such as Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) and an antibiotic perfusion bioreactor, the study demonstrates the practical benefits of dynamic intensification, including enhanced process efficiency and control. Applying model predictive control (MPC) further improves process efficiency, and the intensified systems are thoroughly compared to their respective base cases.
The insights gained from this research contribute to advancements in bioprocessing technologies across industries, paving the way for sustainable and efficient engineering practices. Engineers can leverage this knowledge and the developed methodology to optimize chemical bioprocesses through innovative intensification strategies, ultimately promoting more eco-friendly and economical bio-processes. The study's comprehensive methodology offers valuable insights and understanding for bioprocess engineers seeking to enhance system efficiency and contribute to a greener future.
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Longkumer, I. Yimjenjang, and Md Abbas Ahmad. "Potential of Mycovirus in the Biological Control of Fungal Plant Pathogens: A Review." Agricultural Reviews 41, no. 03 (August 29, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-1896.
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Fungal pathogenic populations such as Sclerotinia, Rhizoctonia and Fusarium are ubiquitous and have broad range of host enabling them to cause a severe infection resulting in huge yield losses. Albeit the various tactics such as cultural, mechanical implemented to counteract the havoc, it still creates a formidable challenge to the researchers to keep the pathogenic population below threshold. From Eco-friendly sustenance perspective, Biological control can play a vital role in combination along with the other efficient tactics. In field condition various strains are available having two characters namely virulent and hypovirulent, the latter may exhibit hypovirulent nature genetically or due to the invasion of mycoviruses becomes hypovirulent. In both the cases are of interest to the researchers in studying the biological control exhibited by the mycoviruses. The biocontrol agents include Mycoviruses, which plays a significant role in infecting the virulent fungal pathogen by reducing their virulence giving to a phenomenon known as Hypovirulence. Their genome consist of mostly dsRNA and others include +ssRNA, -ssRNA and dsDNA. These studies in fungal and viral interaction can lead to the development of novel biological control strategies and help us to explore upto the molecular level.
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Yayayürük, Aslı Erdem, and Onur Yayayürük. "Recent Advances in Environmental Analysis towards Green Nanomaterials." Current Analytical Chemistry 16 (July 19, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411016999200719154826.
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Background: The protection of the environmental is very important to control and restore the quality of environmental media through the reduction or prevention of the pollutants. Due to the growing awareness of safety and environmental issues, the use of nontoxic, clean and eco-friendly ways to synthesize nanoparticles has emerged out of necessity. Methods: In this article, the following issues were considered: strategies of green chemistry, green chemistry metrics, waste management, green nanotechnology/nanoscience and characterization. Furthermore, the tables including the covered topics in terms of environmental analysis were also presented in the manuscript. Results: Green synthesis of nanomaterials is a safer, energy efficient and fast method that reduce the use of solvents reagents, and preservatives which are hazardous to both environment and human health. Conclusion: The fabrication of nanomaterials using green procedures is a clean, safe, nontoxic and environment-friendly method that increases its necessity and demand in the large-scale applications.
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Wells, Konstans, and Robin Flynn. "Managing host-parasite interactions in humans and wildlife in times of global change." Parasitology Research, September 6, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07649-7.
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Abstract Global change in the Anthropocene has modified the environment of almost any species on earth, be it through climate change, habitat modifications, pollution, human intervention in the form of mass drug administration (MDA), or vaccination. This can have far-reaching consequences on all organisational levels of life, including eco-physiological stress at the cell and organism level, individual fitness and behaviour, population viability, species interactions and biodiversity. Host-parasite interactions often require highly adapted strategies by the parasite to survive and reproduce within the host environment and ensure efficient transmission among hosts. Yet, our understanding of the system-level outcomes of the intricate interplay of within host survival and among host parasite spread is in its infancy. We shed light on how global change affects host-parasite interactions at different organisational levels and address challenges and opportunities to work towards better-informed management of parasite control. We argue that global change affects host-parasite interactions in wildlife inhabiting natural environments rather differently than in humans and invasive species that benefit from anthropogenic environments as habitat and more deliberate rather than erratic exposure to therapeutic drugs and other control efforts.
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Kalemkerian, Florencia, Javier Santos, Martin Tanco, Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes, and Elisabeth Viles. "Analysing the alignment between the Green Lean and Circular strategies: towards a Circular Lean approach." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, May 24, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-11-2021-0480.
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PurposeGreen Lean tools are aligned with the Circular Economy strategy as they aim at reducing waste, however, they miss the creation of value through waste. Therefore, this paper investigates whether the current implementation of the Green Lean strategy promotes the introduction of the Circular philosophy to achieve sustainable management production processes. It analyses how the resources were managed by implementing the different strategies and tools presented in Green Lean case studies under the lens of Circular Economy and highlights future research paths on the Circular Lean integration.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of the implementation of Green Lean case studies, selected through a Systematic Literature Review, from the manufacturing sector is conducted.FindingsThe majority of Green Lean implementations were aimed at minimizing waste, which is aligned with the narrowing strategy of Circular Economy and only a few cases studies aimed at closing the production cycles. Even though the main results indicate that being eco-efficient is a good starting point to move towards sustainability, from a Circular Economy point of view, this approach could remain limited. Therefore, the current contribution of Green Lean to the implementation of circular practices is limited. It can be concluded that introducing the circular philosophy in the Green Lean methodology can be achieved through redirecting Green Lean from waste reduction towards a value creation focus.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is that it provides a critical review of the literature on the topic of Green Lean integration and Circular Economy.
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Jayawardane, Heshan, Ian J. Davies, J. R. Gamage, Michele John, and Wahidul K. Biswas. "Additive manufacturing of recycled plastics: a ‘techno-eco-efficiency’ assessment." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, March 11, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11169-8.
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AbstractPlastic materials have been widely used to replace metals in functional parts due to their lower cost and comparable technical properties. However, the increasing use of virgin plastic material in consumer and industrial applications has placed a significant burden on waste management due to the volume of waste created and the potential negative effects of its end-of-life processing. There is a need to adopt circular economy strategies such as plastic recycling within industrial applications in order to reduce this significant waste management pressure. The present study used recycled polylactic acid (PLA) material as a feedstock for the 3D printing of a centrifugal semi-open pump impeller. The technical performance of 3D printed recycled PLA material and virgin PLA material was compared in this study. The environmental impacts for technically feasible impellers were assessed through the environmental life cycle assessment, while costs were evaluated by life cycle costing. The results were incorporated into a techno-eco-efficiency framework to compare the technical properties, environmental impacts, and costs. The social impacts of additive manufacturing and recycled feedstock material were also explored. The technical assessment results indicated that tensile strength, fatigue strength, density, and hardness decreased with recycled material content compared to virgin material. Microscopy of the fracture surfaces revealed the presence of slightly higher porosity and defects in recycled specimens, which could result in slightly lower technical properties. However, the recycled material was accepted for further ecological analysis as it offered higher pumping performance when compared to the original component and could reduce the burden on virgin material-based production and waste material disposal. Importantly, the results showed that 3D printed recycled PLA impellers are more eco-efficient when compared to 3D printed virgin PLA impellers.
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Vesce, Luigi, Maurizio Stefanelli, Federico Rossi, Luigi Angelo Castriotta, Riccardo Basosi, Maria Laura Parisi, Adalgisa Sinicropi, and Aldo Di Carlo. "Perovskite solar cell technology scaling‐up: Eco‐efficient and industrially compatible sub‐module manufacturing by fully ambient air slot‐die/blade meniscus coating." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, November 2, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.3741.
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AbstractThe efficiency gap between perovskite (PVSK) solar sub‐modules (size ≥200 cm2) and lab scale cells (size ˂1 cm2) is up to 36%. Moreover, the few attempts present in the literature used lab‐scale techniques in a glove‐box environment, reducing its compatibility for further product industrialization. Here, we report a PVSK sub‐module (total area 320 cm2, aperture area 201 cm2, 93% geometrical fill factor [GFF]) fabricated in ambient air by hybrid meniscus coating techniques assisted by air and green antisolvent quenching method. To suppress nonradiative recombination losses, improve carrier extraction and control the PVSK growth on such a large surface, we adopted phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) passivation and PVSK solvent addiction strategies. The high homogeneous and reproducible layers guarantee an efficiency of 16.13% (7% losses with respect to the small area cell and zero losses with respect to the mini‐modules) and a stability of more than 3000 h according to International Summit on Organic PV Stability, dark storage/shelf life in ambient (ISOS‐D‐1). The sustainability of used methods and materials is demonstrated by the life cycle assessment. The scale‐up operation allows for strong impact mitigation in all the environmental categories and more efficient consumption of the resources. Finally, the economic assessment shows a strong cost reduction scaling from mini‐ to sub‐module (about 40%).
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Ahmad, Sajjad, Dongming Cui, Guohua Zhong, and Jie Liu. "Microbial Technologies Employed for Biodegradation of Neonicotinoids in the Agroecosystem." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (December 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.759439.
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Neonicotinoids are synthetic pesticides widely used for the control of various pests in agriculture throughout the world. They mainly attack the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, generate nervous stimulation, receptor clot, paralysis and finally cause death. They are low volatile, highly soluble and have a long half-life in soil and water. Due to their extensive use, the environmental residues have immensely increased in the last two decades and caused many hazardous effects on non-target organisms, including humans. Hence, for the protection of the environment and diversity of living organism’s the degradation of neonicotinoids has received widespread attention. Compared to the other methods, biological methods are considered cost-effective, eco-friendly and most efficient. In particular, the use of microbial species makes the degradation of xenobiotics more accessible fast and active due to their smaller size. Since this degradation also converts xenobiotics into less toxic substances, the various metabolic pathways for the microbial degradation of neonicotinoids have been systematically discussed. Additionally, different enzymes, genes, plasmids and proteins are also investigated here. At last, this review highlights the implementation of innovative tools, databases, multi-omics strategies and immobilization techniques of microbial cells to detect and degrade neonicotinoids in the environment.