Academic literature on the topic 'Éclairage artificiel – Effets physiologiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Éclairage artificiel – Effets physiologiques":
Botté, Audrey. "Impact de la pollution lumineuse nocturne sur l’huitre creuse Crassostrea gigas : étude de la perturbation des rythmes biologiques et des conséquences physiologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0494.
Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) masks natural light cycles used by organisms to synchronize their biological rhythm with the environment. By disrupting these rhythms, ALAN can have harmful physiological consequences. Coastal environments are largely affected by ALAN due to the high and growing human population density. However, despite this growing threat, ALAN effects on these ecosystems are poorly studied. The oyster Crassostrea gigas is a key species of these ecosystems likely exposed to ALAN. This work evaluates ALAN effects at low and realistic intensities on the oyster’s behavioral daily rhythm and on its internal clock according to its intensity, spectral composition and exposure modality. Furthermore, the impact of ALAN is also studied on the oyster’s shell growth and gill’s microbiota. Results show that ALAN affects the oyster behavioral daily rhythm and its molecular clock, suggesting a disruption of its functioning, strating from 0.1 lx with the strongest effects in blue light and the least strong in green light. In addition, this study suggests that cutting off direct lighting in the middle of the night but in the presence of skyglow could increase harmful effects. Finally, ALAN reduces shell growth and leads to dysbiosis of the gill’s microbiota. These adverse effects are directly correlated with the daily rhythm robustness
Fontaine, Charlotte. "Contrôle de l'horloge biologique par stimulus lumineux artificiel : application pour l'adaptation des opérateurs au travail de nuit." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25971.
Motamed, Cyrus. "Le surfactant artificiel et la maladie des membranes hyalines : à propos de 18 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23104.
Pauwels, Julie. "Light pollution & biodiversity : What are the levers of action to limit the impact of artificial lighting on nocturnal fauna ?" Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0023/document.
The spatial extent of artificial light is increasing rapidly and significantly on Earth surface hence changing the nocturnal lightscape and threatening an important part of ecosystems. The rise in nighttime light levels induces a perturbation of the circadian rhythm and thus a modification of nocturnal, but also some diurnal, species behavior and interactions between species. Despite the spread of light pollution being of major concern, the knowledge gaps in this field limit the creation of regulations to reduce the impact of nighttime lighting on biodiversity. Therefore it is urgent to produce clear and practical information to build tools and define recommendations for land managers. In this context, the aim of the PhD thesis is to study the impact of light pollution on nocturnal fauna through two spatial scales in order to propose methods to evaluate and manage artificial light. We used bats as a model species as they are long-lived and nocturnal and thus highly impacted by light pollution. In addition, it has been shown that their population trends tend to reflect those of species lower in the trophic chain which makes them even more sensitive to anthropic pressures. First, we studied the effect of light pollution within cities. This spatial scale is both coherent with bats distance of movement and with the reality of public lighting management. Although some urban-adapted species living within large cities are considered to benefit from artificial light, this work showed that, at a scale including all aspects of bats daily travels, light has a negative effect on bats activity level. Also, even if a large part of light pollution is due to public lighting, the results show that private lighting should not be neglected. Beyond the impact on bat activity, artificial light can have a barrier effect when individuals are transiting and thus reduce the landscape connectivity. Whereas environmental policies are promoting the development of ecological corridors, not considering light pollution could significantly reduce their efficiency for nocturnal species. Modelling the link between biological data and landscape variables including light level allowed us to build adapted corridors for nocturnal species. This lead to the development of a tool to evaluate lighting scenarios that could be used prior to the implementation of a lighting plan in order to predict the impact it would have and hence adapt it to the local biodiversity issues. At a finer scale, it is necessary to understand which light characteristics are the most relevant levers of actions to formulate recommendations to limit light pollution impact on biodiversity. We carried a field work experiment in a protected area where conservation issues on bat species are even higher as the species most sensitive to light are protected there, together with their habitat, at the EU level. We worked at the interface between urban and semi-natural areas and showed that the illuminance was the most important light characteristic. Hence it is on this parameters that regulations should be applied in priority to limit the impact of light on areas that could potentially be used as corridors or dark refuges for sensitive species
Fernandez, Pauline. "La perception des environnements lumineux de chambres d'hôtels : Effets de l’éclairage, de l’usage et des caractéristiques individuelles sur le jugement d’appréciation en situation réelle." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10223/document.
Given the current changes in technologies and regulations, the emergence of LED technology multiplies the possibilities ofdesigning indoor and outdoor luminous environments adaptable to user’s needs and expectations. Although engineers andarchitects care about lighting quality, few fundamental elements of luminous environments have been evidenced as importantregarding customers’ expectations in the hospitality.In this context, our thesis aimed at better understanding the perception of light environments in hotel rooms from a users’perspective, the hotel customer itself. We assumed that the judgment of appreciation of a luminous environment depended onits lighting parameters, but also the situation during which the luminous environment was perceived and the individualcharacteristics of the users who perceived it.A three-step methodology was designed to test this hypothesis and to retrieve the judgment of appreciation of the users undera real situation in a hotel room. The first phase of this research program highlighted the importance attached by customers tolight depending on the activities undertaken during his/her stay, such as a situation of leisure or a situation of work. The secondenabled the selection of the relevant lighting parameters to design a luminous environment in a hotel room based oncustomers’ preferences. The third phase was set out to measure the influence of the situation on the assessment ofappreciation of luminous environments varying in terms of illuminance (30% of luminous flux vs 100%) and color temperature(2700K, 4200K).Overall, the users preferred the luminous environment characterized by warm white and dim light while relaxing, whereas theypreferred a warm white and bright light when working. Differences in individual characteristics like age and gender influencedthe assessment of appreciation.Moreover, the methodological issue of our project was to develop an experimental device allowing the formulation and thecollection of the users’ assessments of appreciation regarding luminous environments in a hotel room under an ecologicalcontext
Books on the topic "Éclairage artificiel – Effets physiologiques":
Boyce, P. R. Human factors in lighting. 2nd ed. London: Taylor & Francis, 2003.
Boyce, Peter Robert. Human Factors in Lighting. Taylor & Francis Group, 2003.
Boyce, Peter Robert. Human Factors in Lighting. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Boyce, Peter Robert. Human Factors in Lighting. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.