Journal articles: 'Echocardiography'

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Turvey, Lauren, Daniel X. Augustine, Shaun Robinson, David Oxborough, Martin Stout, Nicola Smith, Allan Harkness, Lynne Williams, Richard P. Steeds, and William Bradlow. "Transthoracic echocardiography of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in adults: a practical guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography." Echo Research and Practice 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): G61—G86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erp-20-0042.

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is common, inherited and characterised by unexplained thickening of the myocardium. The British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) has recently published a minimum dataset for transthoracic echocardiography detailing the core views needed for a standard echocardiogram. For patients with confirmed or suspected HCM, additional views and measurements are necessary. This guideline, therefore, supplements the minimum dataset and describes a tailored, stepwise approach to the echocardiographic examination, and echocardiography’s position in the diagnostic pathway, before advising on the imaging of disease complications and invasive treatments.

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Nazarnia, Soheyla, and Kathirvel Subramaniam. "Role of Simulation in Perioperative Echocardiography Training." Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 21, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089253216655874.

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Echocardiography plays a major role in the diagnosis and management of hemodynamic compromise during the perioperative period. Both transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography have been shown to improve outcomes after cardiac and noncardiac surgery. Teaching basic echocardiographic skills to perioperative physicians remains a challenging task. Thus far, simulation-based medical education has been proven useful in teaching specific procedural skills and management of infrequent catastrophic events. Simulation-based echocardiography education has the potential to facilitate clinical training in echocardiography. Several small studies have shown the benefits of echocardiographic simulation on developing psychomotor and cognitive echocardiography skills. Future research should focus on the impact of simulation on actual clinical echocardiographic performance in the operating room and ultimately, patient outcomes.

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Haland, Trine F., and Thor Edvardsen. "The role of echocardiography in management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." Journal of Echocardiography 18, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12574-019-00454-9.

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AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, characterized by increased left ventricular wall thickness. Echocardiographic studies are essential for establishing the diagnosis, evaluating the extent of disease, and risk stratification. Echocardiography is also recommended in regular screening of the genotype-positive relatives. Two-dimensional, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiography are standard modalities in HCM diagnosis. Newer echocardiographic techniques as tissue Doppler, strain, and three-dimensional echocardiography are now widely used and can reveal subtle changes in the HCM patients. Echocardiography has given us a better understanding of the disease. In this review, we briefly profile the echocardiographic management of HCM in a clinical perspective.

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Hong, Gloria H., Allison G. Hays, and Nisha A. Gilotra. "The Evolving Role of Echocardiography During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic." Heart International 16, no. 1 (2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/hi.2022.16.1.28.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with a wide spectrum of cardiovascular manifestations. Since the beginning of the pandemic, echocardiography has served as a valuable tool for triaging, diagnosing and managing patients with COVID-19. More recently, speckle-tracking echocardiography has been shown to be effective in demonstrating subclinical myocardial dysfunction that is often not detected in standard echocardiography. Echocardiographic findings in COVID-19 patients include left or right ventricular dysfunction, including abnormal longitudinal strain and focal wall motion abnormalities, valvular dysfunction and pericardial effusion. Additionally, some of these echocardiographic abnormalities have been shown to correlate with biomarkers and adverse clinical outcomes, suggesting an additional prognostic value of echocardiography. With increasing evidence of cardiac sequelae of COVID-19, the use of echocardiography has expanded to patients with cardiopulmonary symptoms after recovery from initial infection. This article aims to highlight the available echocardiographic tools and to summarize the echocardiographic findings across the full spectrum of COVID-19 disease and their correlations with biomarkers and mortality.

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Stefanovic, Maja, Gordana Krljanac, Zorica Mladenovic, Danijela Trifunovic-Zamaklar, Aleksandar Neskovic, and Ivan Stankovic. "Current echocardiography practice in Serbia - a national survey by the Echocardiographic Society of Serbia." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 148, no. 7-8 (2020): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh200125032s.

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Introduction/Objective. The purpose of the Echocardiographic Society of Serbia (ECHOS) national survey was to assess current echocardiography practice in Serbia, the availability of different echocardiographic techniques and self-perceived need for improvement at personal and institutional level. Methods. A survey comprising 20 questions about demographics, numbers and distribution of echocardiographic equipment and techniques, image acquisition and reporting standards as well as future educational preferences was sent to all ECHOS members via email. Results. A total of 106 members (42%) answered the survey. Echocardiographic examinations are most frequently performed by cardiologists and internal medicine specialists. Transesophageal echocardiography (TOE), stress echocardiography (SECHO) and speckle tracking echocardiography (SpTE) are available in approximately 20% of centers, three-dimensional echocardiography in 11%, while contrast echocardiography is practiced in only two centers. Less than a third of respondents always attach electrocardiographic electrodes and archive examinations. Almost all respondents (96%), always evaluate both systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle (LV), although systolic LV function is frequently assessed (55%) using non-standard methods. The newer echocardiographic machines are more often available at university than non-university centers (87 versus 44%, p < 0.01). SECHO was perceived as the most needed technique at the institutional level, while SpTE and TOE were most often reported personal aspirations of the respondents. Conclusion. Advanced techniques, SECHO and TOE are needed but rarely performed outside the university hospitals in Serbia. In order to achieve a better adherence to standards of practice in echocardiography, the development of national guidelines and personal and laboratory accreditation seem warranted.

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Faggiano, Andrea, Carlo Avallone, Domitilla Gentile, Giovanni Provenzale, Filippo Toriello, Marco Merlo, Gianfranco Sinagra, and Stefano Carugo. "Echocardiographic Advances in Dilated Cardiomyopathy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 5518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235518.

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Although the overall survival of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has improved significantly in the last decades, a non-negligible proportion of DCM patients still shows an unfavorable prognosis. DCM patients not only need imaging techniques that are effective in diagnosis, but also suitable for long-term follow-up with frequent re-evaluations. The exponential growth of echocardiography’s technology and performance in recent years has resulted in improved diagnostic accuracy, stratification, management and follow-up of patients with DCM. This review summarizes some new developments in echocardiography and their promising applications in DCM. Although nowadays cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) remains the gold standard technique in DCM, the echocardiographic advances and novelties proposed in the manuscript, if properly integrated into clinical practice, could bring echocardiography closer to CMR in terms of accuracy and may certify ultrasound as the technique of choice in the follow-up of DCM patients. The application in DCM patients of novel echocardiographic techniques represents an interesting emergent research area for scholars in the near future.

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Prasad, Arun, Pradeep Kumar, and N. Yankappa. "Training basic echocardiography to pediatric residents: need of the hour." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20210138.

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Most of the cardiac abnormalities which pediatricians come across, require echocardiography for confirming the diagnosis. Due to the introduction of 'point of care ultrasonography' and widespread availability of ultrasonography equipment in clinical care areas, pediatricians are able to diagnose some of these cardiac abnormalities; however, they are unable to make a prompt echocardiographic diagnosis by themselves in most of these cardiac conditions due to lack of echocardiography skills. Pediatric residents and consultants, especially those who are involved in providing care in pediatric emergency, pediatric ICU, and neonatal ICU, should learn the skills of basic echocardiography for making the quicker diagnosis of such conditions and improving patient care. Subcostal view echocardiography can detect many cardiac abnormalities through a single echocardiographic window. There is a need of formulating a need-based basic Echocardiography training program to be incorporated into the Pediatric residency curriculum.

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Kusunose, Kenya, Yuichiro Okushi, Yoshihiro Okayama, Robert Zheng, Michikazu Nakai, Yoko Sumita, Takayuki Ise, et al. "Use of Echocardiography and Heart Failure In-Hospital Mortality from Registry Data in Japan." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 8, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8100124.

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Background: Echocardiography requires a high degree of skill on the part of the examiner, and the skill may be more improved in larger volume centers. This study investigated trends and outcomes associated with the use and volume of echocardiographic exams from a real-world registry database of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. Methods: This study was based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Datasets (JROAD-DPC). A first analysis was performed to assess the trend of echocardiographic examinations between 2012 and 2016. A secondary analysis was performed to assess whether echocardiographic use was associated with in-hospital mortality in 2015. Results: During this period, the use of echocardiography grew at an average annual rate of 6%. Patients with echocardiography had declining rates of hospital mortality, and these trends were associated with high hospitalization costs. In the 2015 sample, a total of 52,832 echocardiograms were examined, corresponding to 65.6% of all HF hospital admissions for that year. We found that the use and volume of echocardiography exams were associated with significantly lower odds of all-cause hospital mortality in heart failure (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.48 for use of echocardiography and 0.78 for the third tertile; both p < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of echocardiography was associated with decreased odds of hospital mortality in HF. The volumes of echocardiographic examinations were also associated with hospital mortality.

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Stankovic, Ivan, Zorica Mladenovic, Danijela Trifunovic-Zamaklar, Bosiljka Vujisic-Tesic, Ljiljana Jovovic, Milica Dekleva-Manojlovic, Anastazija Stojsic-Milosavljevic, et al. "Organization of basic education in transthoracic echocardiography in Serbia: A viewpoint of the Echocardiographic Society of Serbia." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 149, no. 11-12 (2021): 755–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh200807092s.

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Echocardiography is an indispensable diagnostic tool of cardiologists and other specialties involved in proving care to cardiovascular patients. In this paper, Echocardiographic Society of Serbia provides its viewpoint regarding the organization of basic education in transthoracic echocardiography, aiming at homogeneity of education and improving the quality of echocardiographic training in Serbia.

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Galzerano, Domenico, Valeria Pergola, Abdalla Eltayeb, Fulgione Ludovica, Lana Arbili, Loay Tashkandi, Sara Di Michele, Agatella Barchitta, Maurizio Vito Parato, and Giovanni Di Salvo. "Echocardiography in Simple Congenital Heart Diseases: Guiding Adult Patient Management." Journal of Cardiovascular Echography 33, no. 4 (2023): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_52_23.

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Abstract This article provides comprehensive insights into the evaluation of simple congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in adults, emphasizing the pivotal role of echocardiography. By focusing on conditions such as congenital aortic stenosis, aortic coarctation, patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defects (ASDs), and ventricular septal defects (VSDs), the review underscores echocardiography’s intricate contributions to precise clinical decision-making. Echocardiography serves as the primary imaging modality, offering high-resolution visualization of anatomical anomalies and quantification of hemodynamic parameters. It enables tailored therapeutic strategies through its capacity to discern the dimensions, spatial orientation, and dynamic shunt dynamics of defects such as ASDs and VSDs. Moreover, echocardiography’s advanced techniques, such as tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking, provide detailed insights into atrial mechanics, diastolic function, and ventricular filling kinetics. Integration of echocardiographic findings into clinical practice empowers clinicians to create personalized interventions based on quantified ventricular function, which spans systolic and diastolic aspects. This approach facilitates risk stratification and therapeutic planning, particularly pertinent in heart failure management within the CHD patient population. In summary, echocardiography transcends its role as an imaging tool, emerging as a precision-guided instrument adept at navigating the complexities of simple CHD in adults. Its ability to expedite diagnosis, quantify hemodynamic impacts, and unravel multifaceted functional dynamics culminates in a comprehensive depiction of these conditions. The fusion of these insights with clinical expertise empowers clinicians to navigate the intricate pathways of CHD, crafting tailored therapeutic strategies characterized by precision and efficacy.

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Goeddel, Lee Andrew, Megan Kostibas, Thomas Metkus, and Mary Beth Brady. "Noteworthy Literature published in 2017 for Perioperative Echocardiography." Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 22, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089253217753394.

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In this inaugural review, we present noteworthy advances in perioperative echocardiography relevant to the cardiac anesthesiologist. These studies come from different clinical realms including advances in mitral valve imaging, perioperative echocardiographic evaluation, and critical care echocardiography. The importance of perioperative echocardiography continues to grow with cardiac anesthesiologists positioned in a critical role throughout the perioperative care continuum.

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Hahn, Rebecca. "Recent advances in echocardiography for valvular heart disease." F1000Research 4 (September 28, 2015): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6446.1.

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Echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice for the assessment of patients with valvular heart disease. Echocardiographic advancements may have particular impact on the assessment and management of patients with valvular heart disease. This review will summarize the current literature on advancements, such as three-dimensional echocardiography, strain imaging, intracardiac echocardiography, and fusion imaging, in this patient population.

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Dwigustiningrum, Nur Kaputrin, Anna Fuji Rahimah, Wella Karolina, and Heny Martini. "Echocardiographic Features in Patient Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis." Heart Science Journal 5, no. 2 (April 28, 2024): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub/hsj.2024.005.02.5.

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Rheumatic mitral stenosis (RMS) is a progressive valvular heart disease that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Echocardiography plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, assessment, and management of patients with RMS. This study aims to review the utility echocardiography feature in patient RMS. We discuss the key echocardiographic parameters used for assessment and severity of RMS, and associated valvular abnormalities. Additionally, we explore the role of multimodality imaging, such as transesophageal echocardiography in enhancing the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic decision-making in RMS. A thorough understanding of echocardiographic findings in RMS is essential for clinicians involved in the care of these patients, as it aids in risk stratification, treatment planning, and monitoring of disease progression. Integrating echocardiography is a widely used non-invasive method for comprehensive assessment, monitoring disease progression and evaluating treatment efficacy, ensuring optimal management for patient with RMS. Keyword: Echocardiography, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Mitral Stenosis.

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Oyedeji, Adebayo T., Adeseye A. Akintunde, Olukolade O. Owojori, and Johnson O. Peter. "Spectrum of Echocardiography Abnormalities among 168 Consecutive Referrals to an Urban Private Hospital in South-Western Nigeria." Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology 8 (January 2014): CMC.S14320. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmc.s14320.

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Trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) is an important non-invasive cardiac examination that provides structural and functional information. It is useful in the diagnosis of cardiac diseases and often guides the management and follow-up of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The study aimed to present an audit of the echocardiograms performed in an urban private hospital over a two-year period in order to define the pattern of cardiac diseases in our center. Echocardiogram reports of 168 consecutive patients performed between May 2011 and April 2013 at an organized private sector hospital in Lagos, south-west Nigeria were reviewed. Studies were performed with a Toshiba Nemio XG ultrasound machine. The data obtained were analyzed for mean age, sex, clinical indications, and echocardiographic diagnosis in the study subjects. A total of 168 echocardiography reports were examined, comprising of 92 males (54.8%) and 76 females (45.2%). The age range of the subjects was 10-76 years (mean 42.5 ± 12.1 years). The commonest indication for echocardiography was systemic hypertension and hypertension related causes (38.1%), followed by abnormal resting electrocardiogram (14.9%). Routine annual medical screening was the next most common indication, representing 13.1% of the indications for echocardiography. The other indications are as presented in Table 1 . The echocardiogram was normal in 64.3% of the subjects. The commonest abnormality detected was hypertensive heart disease (HHD); accounting for 9.6% of the subjects studied. Isolated atrial enlargement (left, right, or bi-atrial) was the next most common abnormality accounting for 6% of the echocardiographic diagnosis. Pulmonary hypertension was the next most common diagnosis accounting for 4.8% of our findings. The other echocardiographic diagnoses are as listed in Table 2 . Hypertension represents the commonest indication for echocardiography. Normal echocardiogram was the commonest echocardiographic finding while HHD was the commonest echocardiographic abnormality. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease by echocardiography was 2.4%. There was no case of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was 1.2%. Ease of access to echocardiography may influence the findings in an echocardiographic audit and policy makers should incorporate appropriateness criteria into their guidelines for reimbursement.

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Surkova, E., and A. Kovács. "Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Ventricular Performance: beyond TAPSE and Fractional Area Change." Russian Journal of Cardiology 25 (September 23, 2020): 4067. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4067.

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Right ventricular (RV) performance is an important predictor of adverse events and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Echocardiography is the first-choice imaging modality for the assessment of RV systolic function, however conventional two-dimensional echocardiographic parameters have important limitations and under specific conditions poorly correlate with the gold-standard imaging modality, cardiac magnetic resonance. Recent advances in novel echocardiography techniques, including three-dimensional echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography opened new era in RV imaging enabling more accurate and reproducible assessment of RV performance thus providing deeper insight into the pathophysiology of this intriguing cardiac chamber. In this comprehensive review authors summarize the state-of-the-art echocardiographic approach to the assessment of the RV systolic function with specific emphasis on modern techniques, their advantages, limitations and pitfalls in the various clinical settings.

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Davis, Ashlee M., David Adams, Ashwin Venkateshvaran, and Fawaz Alenezi. "Speckle Tracking Strain Echocardiography." Journal of The Indian Academy of Echocardiography & Cardiovascular Imaging 1, no. 2 (2017): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jiae.jiae_63_17.

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Introduction: Strain is a unitless measurement of dimensional or deformational change; speckle-tracking echocardiography is the most widely used technique to assess strain, with demonstrated clinical utility in a variety of settings. Objectives: This paper reviews the diagnostic and prognostic impact of echocardiographic assessment of left ventricle myocardial strain and what sonographers need to know in a daily practice. Methods: This paper have the most updated American society of echocardiography recommendations on a speckle tracking strain echocardiography, and included experiences of a large academic center, standardization as well as tips needed to perform a strain in a daily clinical practice. Conclusion: With good feasibility, reproducibility and evidence in support, speckle tracking strain echocardiography can be used as a standard echocardiography parameter in clinical practice.

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Erak, Andrijana, Nikolina Farčić, Ana Ljubojević, Karolina Kaser, Ivana Barać, and Zvjezdana Gvozdanović. "Informing and Preparing Patients for Echocardiography." Croatian nursing journal 7, no. 2 (December 20, 2023): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24141/2/7/2/4.

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Aim. To examine the awareness and preparedness of patients for echocardiography regarding age, gender, education level, and the type of examination. Methods. A cross-sectional study included patients who came for echocardiography through the outpatient clinic and Clinical Departments of the Clinical Hospital Center Osijek during March and April 2023. A survey questionnaire developed for this research was used as the research instrument on patients’ awareness and preparedness for echocardiography. Results. The study included 106 participants, of which 52 (49%) were males and 54 (51%) were females, with 51% of them having undergone 1 – 3 echocardiographic examinations before. Most participants, 83 (78%), received information verbally. There was no significant difference in the awareness and preparation of participants for echocardiography regarding gender and age. Participants with higher education levels agreed that they knew how the examination was conducted before coming, unlike participants with lower levels of education, and there was a significant statistical difference between the groups (p=0.02). Participants who underwent transesophageal echocardiography stated that they were better informed and prepared compared to those who underwent transthoracic echocardiography (p=0.01). Conclusion. The results of the conducted research indicate that participants are well informed and prepared for echocardiographic examinations, with no significant differences based on gender and age. Participants who underwent transesophageal ultrasound of the heart considered themselves better informed and prepared compared to those who underwent transthoracic echocardiography.

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Ali, Islam F. H., Khalid Y. Tohamy, and Mousa Akbar. "Double-chambered left ventricle." Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 24, no. 3 (December 2012): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7123/01.ejim.0000422606.65378.27.

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AbstractWe describe a rare congenital anomaly in a 39-year-old woman who was referred for a preoperative echocardiographic assessment in February 2012. A double-chambered left ventricle was suspected on transthoracic echocardiography and was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography.

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Douglas, Pamela S., Jeanne M. DeCara, Richard B. Devereux, Shelly Duckworth, Julius M. Gardin, Wael A. Jaber, Annitta J. Morehead, et al. "Echocardiographic Imaging in Clinical Trials: American Society of Echocardiography Standards for Echocardiography Core Laboratories." Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 22, no. 7 (July 2009): 755–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2009.05.020.

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Wojtkowska, Agnieszka, Michał Tomaszewski, Weronika Topyła, Sylwia Łukasik, Andrzej Wysokiński, and Aleksandra Szopa. "ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE RIGHT HEART IN THE PULMONARY HYPERTENSION." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 9 (2020): 1874–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202009113.

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Introduction: A comprehensive assessment of right ventricular size and function, as well as evaluation of pulmonary artery pressures is an integral part of every echocardiographic examination. It is important to know the relevant guidelines but also the pitfalls of echocardiography. The aim: To determine the significance of echocardiography in the diagnostic process, prognosis and evaluation of treatment effectiveness in pulmonary hypertension. Review and Discussion: The gold standard for evaluation of size, ejection fraction, and stroke volume of the right ventricle is cardiac magnetic resonance. Whereas, the gold standard for the assessments of pulmonary artery pressures is right heart catheterization. However, echocardiography is the first diagnostic modality in the assessment of size and function of the right heart. Conclusions: Echocardiographic evaluation of the right heart plays a fundamental role in the diagnostic process of pulmonary hypertension. Echocardiography is essential to predict the course of the disease and assess the treatment efficiency.

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Rao, P. Syamasundar. "The Author’s Contributions to Echocardiography Literature (Part I—1978–1990)." Children 7, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7040032.

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The author has undertaken multiple echocardiographic studies during his academic career; most of these were published in peer-reviewed journals. These studies include an evaluation of the role of echocardiography in the estimation of left-to-right shunt in isolated ventricular septal defects, an examination of the utility of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of anomalous connection of the right superior vena cava to the left atrium, a description of pitfalls in M-mode echocardiographic assessment of the aortic root in left ventricular hypoplasia syndromes, reviews of echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function, study of the role of contrast echocardiography in the evaluation of hypoxemia following open heart surgery, a quantification of left ventricular muscle mass by m-mode echocardiography in children, an examination of race and sex related differences in echocardiographic measurements in children, study of cardiac size and function in patients with sickle cell disease, an examination of afterload reduction in the management of primary myocardial disease, study of the utility of echo-Doppler studies in the evaluation of the results of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty, study of the usefulness of Doppler in the prediction of pressure gradients in valvar pulmonary stenosis, a review of Doppler echocardiography in noninvasive diagnoses of heart disease, echo-Doppler studies of the evaluation of the results of balloon angioplasty of aortic coarctation, study of the value of Doppler in the prediction of pressure gradients across coarctation of the aorta, and a characterization of foramen ovale and transatrial Doppler velocity patterns in the normal fetus.

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Bournia, Vasiliki Kalliopi, Iraklis Tsangaris, Loukianos Rallidis, Dimitrios Konstantonis, Frantzeska Frantzeskaki, Anastasia Anthi, Stylianos E. Orfanos, et al. "Cardiac Catheterization versus Echocardiography for Monitoring Pulmonary Pressure: A Prospective Study in Patients with Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension." Diagnostics 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010049.

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Standard echocardiography is important for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) screening in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD), but PAH diagnosis and monitoring require cardiac catheterization. Herein, using cardiac catheterization as reference, we tested the hypothesis that follow-up echocardiography is adequate for clinical decision-making in these patients. We prospectively studied 69 consecutive patients with CTD-associated PAH. Invasive baseline pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was 60.19 ± 16.33 mmHg (mean ± SD) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was 6.44 ± 2.95WU. All patients underwent hemodynamic and echocardiographic follow-up after 9.47 ± 7.29 months; 27 patients had a third follow-up after 17.2 ± 7.4 months from baseline. We examined whether clinically meaningful hemodynamic deterioration of follow-up catheterization-derived PASP (i.e., > 10% increase) could be predicted by simultaneous echocardiography. Echocardiography predicted hemodynamic PASP deterioration with 59% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and 63/83% positive/negative predictive value, respectively. In multivariate analysis, successful echocardiographic prediction correlated only with higher PVR in previous catheterization (p = 0.05, OR = 1.235). Notably, in patients having baseline PVR > 5.45 WU, echocardiography had both sensitivity and positive predictive values of 73%, and both specificity and negative predictive value of 91% for detecting hemodynamic PASP deterioration. In selected patients with CTD-PAH echocardiography can predict PASP deterioration with high specificity and negative predictive value. Additional prospective studies are needed to confirm that better patient selection can increase the ability of standard echocardiography to replace repeat catheterization.

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Dabbouseh, Noura M., Jayshil J. Patel, and Paul Anthony Bergl. "Role of echocardiography in managing acute pulmonary embolism." Heart 105, no. 23 (August 22, 2019): 1785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-314776.

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The role of echocardiography in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) remains incompletely defined. Echocardiography cannot reliably diagnose acute PE, and it does not improve prognostication of patients with low-risk acute PE who lack other clinical features of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Echocardiography, however, may yield additional prognostic information in higher risk patients and can aid in distinguishing acute from chronic RV dysfunction. Specific echocardiographic markers of RV dysfunction have the potential to enhance prognostication beyond existing risk models. Until these markers are subjected to rigorous prospective studies, the therapeutic utility and economic value of echocardiography in acute PE are uncertain.

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Marcelino, Paulo, and Mário G. Lopes. "Determinação não invasiva da pressão de encravamento da artéria pulmonar por ecocardiografia." Acta Médica Portuguesa 19, no. 5 (March 8, 2007): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.973.

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Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Pw) is an important hemodynamic parameter frequently used in Intensive Care. Much effort was taken by investigators to noninvasively obtain this parameter particularly using echocardiography. The authors reviewed the published works in this field. There are a great number of correlations between echocardiographic variables and Pw, including equations for its precise assessment. Changes in echocardiographic parameters due to modifications in volume status and more recently tissue Doppler evaluation are also related fields. Despite the quality and quantity of investigation, no single method was established or accepted for non-invasive assessment of Pw using echocardiography. The major problems are related to the study of different populations regarding its basic clinical condition and to the complexity of equations described. Non-invasive assessment of Pw in clinical setting using echocardiography is still a hard task for this technique. Probably, the use of echocardiography as a non-invasive tool for hemodynamic assessment should use other methodologies, and not rely on Pw determination.

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Labus, Jakob, and Christopher Uhlig. "Role of Echocardiography for the Perioperative Assessment of the Right Ventricle." Current Anesthesiology Reports 11, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 306–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40140-021-00474-1.

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Abstract Purpose of Review This review aims to highlight the perioperative echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function with strengths and limitations of commonly used and evolving techniques. It explains the value of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and describes the perioperative changes of RV function echocardiographers should be aware of. Recent Findings RV dysfunction is an entity with strong influence on outcome. However, its definition and assessment in the perioperative interval are not well-defined. Moreover, values assessed by TTE and TEE are not interchangeable; while some parameters seem to correlate well, others do not. Myocardial strain analysis and three-dimensional echocardiography may overcome the limitations of conventional echocardiographic measures and provide further insight into perioperative cardiac mechanics. Summary Echocardiography has become an essential part of modern anesthesiology in patients with RV dysfunction. It offers the opportunity to evaluate not only global but also regional RV function and distinguish alterations of RV contraction.

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Stypmann, Jörg, Markus A. Engelen, Clemens Troatz, Markus Rothenburger, Lars Eckardt, and Klaus Tiemann. "Echocardiographic assessment of global left ventricular function in mice." Laboratory Animals 43, no. 2 (April 2009): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/la.2007.06001e.

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Doppler-echocardiographic assessment of cardiovascular structure and function in murine models has developed into one of the most commonly used non-invasive techniques during the last decades. Recent technical improvements even expanded the possibilities. In this review, we summarize the current options to assess global left ventricular (LV) function in mice using echocardiographic techniques. In detail, standard techniques as structural and functional assessment of the cardiovascular phenotype using one-dimensional M-mode echocardiography, two-dimensional B-mode echocardiography and spectral Doppler signals from mitral inflow respective aortal outflow are presented. Further pros and contras of recently implemented techniques as three-dimensional echocardiography and strain and strain rate measurements are discussed. Deduced measures of LV function as the myocardial performance index according to Tei, estimation of the mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening, LV wall stress and different algorithms to estimate the LV mass are described in detail. Last but not least, specific features and limitations of murine echocardiography are presented. Future perspectives in respect to new examination techniques like targeted molecular imaging with advanced ultrasound contrast bubbles or improvement of equipment like new generation matrix transducers for murine echocardiography are discussed.

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Molnár, Andrea Ágnes, Attila Sánta, and Béla Merkely. "Echocardiography Imaging of the Right Ventricle: Focus on Three-Dimensional Echocardiography." Diagnostics 13, no. 15 (July 25, 2023): 2470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152470.

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Right ventricular function strongly predicts cardiac death and adverse cardiac events in patients with cardiac diseases. However, the accurate right ventricular assessment by two-dimensional echocardiography is limited due to its complex anatomy, shape, and load dependence. Advances in cardiac imaging and three-dimensional echocardiography provided more reliable information on right ventricular volumes and function without geometrical assumptions. Furthermore, the pathophysiology of right ventricular dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation is frequently connected. Three-dimensional echocardiography allows a more in-depth structural and functional evaluation of the tricuspid valve. Understanding the anatomy and pathophysiology of the right side of the heart may help in diagnosing and managing the disease by using reliable imaging tools. The present review describes the challenging echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle and tricuspid valve apparatus in clinical practice with a focus on three-dimensional echocardiography.

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Dayton, Jeffrey D., Alan M. Groves, Julie S. Glickstein, and Patrick A. Flynn. "Effectiveness of echocardiography simulation training for paediatric cardiology fellows in CHD." Cardiology in the Young 28, no. 4 (January 8, 2018): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104795111700275x.

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AbstractSimulation is used in many aspects of medical training but less so for echocardiography instruction in paediatric cardiology. We report our experience with the introduction of simulator-based echocardiography training at Weill Cornell Medicine for paediatric cardiology fellows of the New York–Presbyterian Hospital of Columbia University and Weill Cornell Medicine. Knowledge of CHD and echocardiographic performance improved following simulation-based training. Simulator training in echocardiography can be an effective addition to standard training for paediatric cardiology trainees.

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Raj, Ravi. "Echocardiographic Assessment of Mitral Stenosis: Key Learning Points for Fellows/Residents in Training." Journal of Perioperative Echocardiography 3, no. 1 (2015): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10034-1030.

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ABSTRACT Mitral stenosis is most commonly due to rheumatic heart disease, even in western countries. Transthoracic echocardiography is the modality of choice for establishing diagnosis, underlying cause, assessment of severity, staging of disease, valve morphology and other associated lesions. Transesophageal echocardiography is recommended in patients considered for percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy to rule out LA clot, significant MR and to better assess mitral valve morphology. Three-dimensional echocardiography is now increasingly used for estimating mitral valve area and suitability for percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy. We provide a brief discussion on echocardiographic assessment of mitral stenosis. How to cite this article Raj R. Echocardiographic Assessment of Mitral Stenosis: Key Learning Points for Fellows/Residents in Training. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2015;3(1):17-24.

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Sharma, Poonam, Manish Shrestha, Pragati Shrestha, and Diwakar Sharma. "Profile of Fetal Echocardiography in a Tertiary Cardiac Centre of Nepal." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 13, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v13i1.21610.

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Aims: To analyze the fetal echocardiographic diagnosis.Methods: A descriptive study of fetal echocardiographic diagnosis at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre between October 2016 to September 2017. Results: Total of 615 fetal echocardiography was performed in 607 pregnancies. Intrauterine heart disease noted in 79 cases. Echogenic intracardiac foci was the most common abnormality (6%) followed by VSD (1.3%), fetal arrhythmia (1.1%), pericardial effusion (1.6%), cardiomyopathy (0.3%), hypoplastic left ventricle (0.6%), DORV (0.3%) and tricuspid atresia (0.4%). Similarly the most common referral for fetal echocardiography was for maternal disorder mostly diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: Fetal echocardiography is an important tool for the antenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects. Appropriate timing and judicious use increases the sensitivity and improves the perinatal outcome of newborns with congenital heart disease

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Ciampi, Quirino, Francesco Antonini-Canterin, Andrea Barbieri, Agata Barchitta, Frank Benedetto, Alberto Cresti, Sofia Miceli, et al. "Reshaping of Italian Echocardiographic Laboratories Activities during the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic and Expectations for the Post-Pandemic Era." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 3466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163466.

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Background: Cardiology divisions reshaped their activities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the organization of echocardiographic laboratories and echocardiography practice during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, and the expectations for the post-COVID era. Methods: We analyzed two different time periods: the month of November during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) and the identical month during 2019 (November 2019). Results: During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the hospital activity was partially reduced in 42 (60%) and wholly interrupted in 3 (4%) echocardiographic laboratories, whereas outpatient echocardiographic activity was partially reduced in 41 (59%) and completely interrupted in 7 (10%) laboratories. We observed an important change in the organization of activities in the echocardiography laboratory which reduced the operator-risk and improved self-protection of operators by using appropriate personal protection equipment. Operators wore FFP2 in 58 centers (83%) during trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE), in 65 centers (93%) during transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and 63 centers (90%) during stress echocardiography. The second wave caused a significant reduction in number of echocardiographic exams, compared to November 2019 (from 513 ± 539 to 341 ± 299 exams per center, −34%, p < 0.001). On average, there was a significant increase in the outpatient waiting list for elective echocardiographic exams (from 32.0 ± 28.1 to 45.5 ± 44.9 days, +41%, p < 0.001), with a reduction of in-hospital waiting list (2.9 ± 2.4 to 2.4 ± 2.0 days, −17%, p < 0.001). We observed a large diffusion of point-of-care cardiac ultrasound (88%), with a significant increase of lung ultrasound usage in 30 centers (43%) during 2019, extended to all centers in 2020. Carbon dioxide production by examination is an indicator of the environmental impact of technology (100-fold less with echocardiography compared to other cardiac imaging techniques). It was ignored in 2019 by 100% of centers, and currently it is considered potentially crucial for decision-making in cardiac imaging by 65 centers (93%). Conclusions: In one year, major changes occurred in echocardiography practice and culture. The examination structure changed with extensive usage of point-of-care cardiac ultrasound and with lung ultrasound embedded by default in the TTE examination, as well as the COVID-19 testing.

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Şahin, Murat, Süheyla Özkutlu, Işıl Yıldırım, Tevfik Karagöz, and Alpay Çeliker. "Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects with transthoracic echocardiography." Cardiology in the Young 21, no. 2 (December 22, 2010): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951110001782.

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AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate our clinical experience using an Amplatzer septal occluder for catheter closure of a secundum atrial septal defect under transthoracic echocardiography guidance without general anaesthesia.MethodsPatients eligible for transcatheter atrial septal defect closure were selected using transthoracic echocardiography. The largest defect diameter measured in different views was selected as the reference diameter. All procedures were performed under conscious sedation with fluoroscopic and transthoracic echocardiographic guidance.ResultsBetween November, 2006 and December, 2009 a secundum-type atrial septal defect was closed with the Amplatzer septal occluder in 40 patients with transthoracic echocardiographic guidance. The mean age and weight were 7.9 years and 26.9 kilograms, respectively. The mean atrial septal defect diameter was 11.4 millimetres, total septal diameter was 38.5 millimetres, and the mean device diameter and the difference between device and atrial septal defect diameter were 12.6 and 1.2 millimetres, respectively. There were no major complications. The mean follow-up time was 14.8 months.ConclusionIn selected cases, in which the defects are small and the rims are adequate and transthoracic echocardiography provides high image quality, transthoracic echocardiography can be substituted with transoesophageal echocardiography. The ratio of defect size to total septal diameter can be used as a guide for patient selection; those that have a value of 0.33 or greater can be considered eligible for closure with transthoracic echocardiography. However, transthoracic echocardiography should not be used when there are large or multiple defects, or the rims are thin and soft and the image resolution is inadequate.

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Mittal, Sita Ram. "Echocardiographic Correlate of Subendocardial Myocardial Infarction." Journal of The Indian Academy of Echocardiography & Cardiovascular Imaging 1, no. 3 (2017): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jiae.jiae_33_17.

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Nontransmural (subendocardial) myocardial infarcts produce classical discomfort. Electrocardiograms usually show localized T wave inversions. Routine echocardiography usually does not show supportive regional wall motion abnormalities. Detailed echocardiography, however, reveals endocardial sear in the affected region. This echocardiographic finding supports the clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction. We are reporting such eleven cases.

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Bruining, Nico. "The Clinical Need for Tele-echocardiography." European Cardiology Review 7, no. 2 (2011): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2011.7.2.82.

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Requests for tele-medicine are rapidly growing. We are now used to being constantly connected to the internet via laptops, smartphones and, recently, tablet computers. The next step is to have access to work-related data, such as echocardiographic images. The continuous and rapid growth of echocardiography as the mainstream cardiac imaging modality (40 %), and the use of portable ultrasound devices, are stimulating this request for tele-echocardiography. With the diagnostic quality of the tablet computer screens, the future of tele-echocardiography looks bright.

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Koenig, P., and Q.-L. Cao. "Echocardiographic Guidance of Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects Intracardiac Echocardiography Better Than Transesophageal Echocardiography?" Pediatric Cardiology 26, no. 2 (April 2005): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00246-004-0952-6.

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Wang, Lizhong, Jianing Xi, Qian Cao, Yaowen Jia, Zhenying Zhang, Jianxiu Zhang, and Guobin Miao. "The Effect of Echocardiography Based on Lipid Nano Contrast Agent on Cardiology Patients with Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 852–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18687.

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This paper discusses the effect and evaluation of echocardiography based on lipid nano contrast agent on patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation in cardiology department, providing reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Fifty two patients with diastolic heart failure diagnosed by echocardiography were selected for routine echocardiographic examination after optimizing the drug treatment scheme, and then the patients underwent treadmill exercise test and stress echocardiography evaluation. The results of conventional echocardiography and stress echocardiography after treatment were compared with those before treatment, and the clinical parameters and biochemical indexes before and after treatment were compared. Results after treatment, the clinical symptoms of the patients improved, the level of NT proBNP in the N-terminal forebrain decreased significantly, and the exercise tolerance increased significantly. Compared with the conventional echocardiography before and after treatment, the left ratio and e′ value of stress echocardiography after treatment increased significantly, while E/e′ decreased significantly. There was no significant difference in the indexes of general echocardiography before and after treatment. After treatment, positively correlated with the ratio of peak a to peak E. The results show that the sensitivity of stress echocardiography to evaluate ischemic diastolic heart failure has been improved, and some indexes have clinical significance. Compared with conventional echocardiography, it can effectively evaluate the therapeutic effect of drugs.

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Maier, Anca, Maria Mihaela Opris, Voichita Sirbu, and Klara Brinzaniuc. "Myocardial Contrast Agents – Safety Considerations and Clinical Efficacy in Stress Echocardiography." ARS Medica Tomitana 22, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arsm-2016-0049.

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Abstract Transthoracic echocardiographic examination is known to be a safe, non-invasive and reproducible method, used in every day clinical practice to obtain important information about cardiac structure and function. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of studies have highlighted the considerable technically difficultly in producing diagnostic images due to a poor acoustic window and more than 33% of patients undergoing stress echocardiography have suboptimal echocardiographic images. All these limitations have led to the use of contrast agents to improve the quality of standard ultrasound examination to provide a better delineation of left ventricle endocardial borders or to obtain information that cannot be achieved by using standard echocardiography, such as assessing myocardial microcirculation and therefore perfusion. This paper sought to review the clinical efficacy and safety of ultrasound contrast agents focusing on stress echocardiography.

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Baessato, Francesca, Laura Fusini, Manuela Muratori, Gloria Tamborini, Sarah Ghulam Ali, Valentina Mantegazza, Andrea Baggiano, et al. "Echocardiography vs. CMR in the Quantification of Chronic Mitral Regurgitation: A Happy Marriage or Stormy Divorce?" Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 10, no. 4 (March 31, 2023): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd10040150.

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Quantification of chronic mitral regurgitation (MR) is essential to guide patients’ clinical management and define the need and appropriate timing for mitral valve surgery. Echocardiography represents the first-line imaging modality to assess MR and requires an integrative approach based on qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative parameters. Of note, quantitative parameters, such as the echocardiographic effective regurgitant orifice area, regurgitant volume (RegV), and regurgitant fraction (RegF), are considered the most reliable indicators of MR severity. In contrast, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has demonstrated high accuracy and good reproducibility in quantifying MR, especially in cases with secondary MR; nonholosystolic, eccentric, and multiple jets; or noncircular regurgitant orifices, where quantification with echocardiography is an issue. No gold standard for MR quantification by noninvasive cardiac imaging has been defined so far. Only a moderate agreement has been shown between echocardiography, either with transthoracic or transesophageal approaches, and CMR in MR quantification, as supported by numerous comparative studies. A higher agreement is evidenced when echocardiographic 3D techniques are used. CMR is superior to echocardiography in the calculation of the RegV, RegF, and ventricular volumes and can provide myocardial tissue characterization. However, echocardiography remains fundamental in the pre-operative anatomical evaluation of the mitral valve and of the subvalvular apparatus. The aim of this review is to explore the accuracy of MR quantification provided by echocardiography and CMR in a head-to-head comparison between the two techniques, with insight into the technical aspects of each imaging modality.

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Elvas, Luis B., Ana G. Almeida, Luís Rosario, Miguel Sales Dias, and João C. Ferreira. "Calcium Identification and Scoring Based on Echocardiography. An Exploratory Study on Aortic Valve Stenosis." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11070598.

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Currently, an echocardiography expert is needed to identify calcium in the aortic valve, and a cardiac CT-Scan image is needed for calcium quantification. When performing a CT-scan, the patient is subject to radiation, and therefore the number of CT-scans that can be performed should be limited, restricting the patient’s monitoring. Computer Vision (CV) has opened new opportunities for improved efficiency when extracting knowledge from an image. Applying CV techniques on echocardiography imaging may reduce the medical workload for identifying the calcium and quantifying it, helping doctors to maintain a better tracking of their patients. In our approach, a simple technique to identify and extract the calcium pixel count from echocardiography imaging, was developed by using CV. Based on anonymized real patient echocardiographic images, this approach enables semi-automatic calcium identification. As the brightness of echocardiography images (with the highest intensity corresponding to calcium) vary depending on the acquisition settings, echocardiographic adaptive image binarization has been performed. Given that blood maintains the same intensity on echocardiographic images—being always the darker region—blood areas in the image were used to create an adaptive threshold for binarization. After binarization, the region of interest (ROI) with calcium, was interactively selected by an echocardiography expert and extracted, allowing us to compute a calcium pixel count, corresponding to the spatial amount of calcium. The results obtained from these experiments are encouraging. With this technique, from echocardiographic images collected for the same patient with different acquisition settings and different brightness, obtaining a calcium pixel count, where pixel values show an absolute pixel value margin of error of 3 (on a scale from 0 to 255), achieving a Pearson Correlation of 0.92 indicating a strong correlation with the human expert assessment of calcium area for the same images.

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Ji, Mengmeng, Li Zhang, Lang Gao, Yixia Lin, Qing He, Mingxing Xie, and Yuman Li. "Application of Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for Evaluating Ventricular Function after Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement." Diagnostics 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14010088.

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Pulmonary regurgitation usually leads to right heart dilatation and eventually right heart dysfunction, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement is a developing treatment for pulmonary valve dysfunction that can take the place of traditional surgery and make up for the shortcomings of a large injury. Echocardiography plays a significant role in assessing ventricular function; however, conventional echocardiographic parameters have several limitations. Speckle tracking echocardiography has been regarded as a more accurate tool for quantifying cardiac function than conventional echocardiography. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the application of speckle tracking echocardiography for evaluating right and left ventricular functions in patients after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement.

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Macić-Džanković, Amra, and Meliha Pozderac-Memija. "Specificity of Electrocardiography and Echocardiography Changes at the Patients with the Pulmonary Embolism." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 6, no. 4 (November 20, 2006): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2006.3126.

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We evaluated electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes of 40 patients with pulmonary thrombo-embolism proved by perfusion scintigrams. ECG-changes included sinus tachycardia or absolute tachyarrhythmia de novo, changes type Q1S3T3 and changes in right precordial leads. Analyses of echocardiography included hyperkinesis and then dilatation and apical hypokinesis of right ventricule and tricuspid regurgitation with maximal transvalvular gradients. We emphasize such a sensibility of echocardiographic changes in early estimation of pulmonary thrombo-embolism severity and necessity for echocardiography as early as possible in suspected patients.

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Sheehan, Megan M., Yoshihito Saijo, Zoran B. Popovic, and Michael D. Faulx. "Echocardiography in suspected coronavirus infection: indications, limitations and impact on clinical management." Open Heart 8, no. 2 (August 2021): e001702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001702.

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ObjectivesTo describe the use of echocardiography in patients hospitalised with suspected coronavirus infection and to assess its impact on clinical management.MethodsWe studied 79 adults from a prospective registry of inpatients with suspected coronavirus infection at a single academic centre. Echocardiographic indications included abnormal biomarkers, shock, cardiac symptoms, arrhythmia, worsening hypoxaemia or clinical deterioration. Study type (limited or complete) was assessed for each patient. The primary outcome measure was echocardiography-related change in clinical management, defined as intensive care transfer, medication changes, altered ventilation parameters or subsequent cardiac procedures within 24 hours of echocardiography. Coronavirus-positive versus coronavirus-negative patient groups were compared. The relationship between echocardiographic findings and coronavirus mortality was assessed.Results56 patients were coronavirus-positive and 23 patients were coronavirus-negative with symptoms attributed to other diagnoses. Coronavirus-positive patients more often received limited echocardiograms (70% vs 26%, p=0.001). The echocardiographic indication for coronavirus-infected patients was frequently worsening hypoxaemia (43% vs 4%) versus chest pain, syncope or clinical heart failure (23% vs 44%). Echocardiography changed management less frequently in coronavirus-positive patients (18% vs 48%, p=0.01). Among coronavirus-positive patients, 14 of 56 (25.0%) died during hospitalisation. Those who died more often had echocardiography to evaluate clinical deterioration (71% vs 24%) and had elevated right ventricular systolic pressures (37 mm Hg vs 25 mm Hg), but other parameters were similar to survivors.ConclusionsEchocardiograms performed on hospitalised patients with coronavirus infection were often technically limited, and their findings altered patient management in a minority of patients.

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Paszkowska, Agata, Jędrzej Sarnecki, Alicja Mirecka-Rola, Monika Kowalczyk-Domagała, Łukasz Mazurkiewicz, and Lidia Ziółkowska. "Imaging Features of Pediatric Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy in Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 9, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9030077.

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Background: Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a distinct cardiomyopathy characterized by the presence of a two-layer myocardium with prominent trabeculation and deep intertrabecular recesses. The diagnosis of LVNC can be challenging because the diagnostic criteria are not uniform. The aim of our study was to evaluate echocardiographic and CMR findings in a group of children with isolated LVNC. Methods: From February 2008 to July 2021, pediatric patients under 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis with echocardiographic evidence of isolated LVNC were prospectively enrolled. The patients underwent echocardiography and contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with late gadolinium enhancement to assess myocardial noncompaction, ventricular size, and function. Results: A total of 34 patients, with a median age of 11.9 years, were recruited. The patients were followed prospectively for a median of 5.1 years. Of the 31 patients who met Jenni’s criteria in echocardiography, CMR was performed on 27 (79%). Further comprehensive analysis was performed in the group of 25 patients who met the echocardiographic and CMR criteria for LVNC. In echocardiography, the median NC/C ratio in systole was 2.60 and in diastole 3.40. In 25 out of 27 children (93%), LVNC was confirmed by CMR, according to Petersen’s criteria, with a median NC/C ratio of 3.27. Conclusions: (1) Echocardiography precisely identifies patients with LVNC. (2) Echocardiography is a good method for monitoring LV systolic function, but CMR is indicated for the precise assessment of LV remodeling and RV size and function, as well as for the detection of myocardial fibrosis.

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Swaans, Martin, Ben van den Branden, Marco Post, and Jan van der Heyden. "The Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair Procedure – The Role of Echocardiographic Guidance." European Cardiology Review 7, no. 3 (2011): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2011.7.3.177.

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Percutaneous mitral valve repair is a sophisticated procedure which requires a unique collaboration between the interventionalist and echocardiographer since it is mainly driven by real-time transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Fluoroscopy plays a lesser role. We will review the role of echocardiography during the different procedural steps and the additional value of three-dimensional (3D TEE).

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Adem, Abdusamed, Dawit Bacha, and Abel M. Argaw. "Pattern of cardiovascular diseases at a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An echocardiographic study of 1500 patients." Medicine 102, no. 34 (August 25, 2023): e34795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000034795.

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a significant global health problem. They account for nearly one third of deaths worldwide. With improvements in diagnostic modalities, their prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is rising. Disease pattens vary in different regions and communities and the pattern in our setting is not known. Echocardiography is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that essential for structural and hemodynamic assessment of the heart. It stands at the far front for comprehensive evaluation of the heart because of its relative low cost and wide availability. The aim of this study was to assess pattern of CVDs among patients who had echocardiography done at a teaching Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A retrospective review of 1500 echocardiograms of patients referred to the echocardiography laboratory of St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) for cardiac evaluation from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019 was performed. All subjects had standard transthoracic echocardiography performed by cardiologists using General Electric Vivid E9 and E95 machines. Demographic parameters and echocardiographic findings were collected using a structured checklist from the echocardiography register. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the echocardiographic findings. The mean age of subjects was 48.2 (SD of 18.2) and ranged between 14 and 100 years of age. Both males and females were nearly equally distributed with males accounting for 48.3%. Most (77.9%) of the subjects had an abnormal echocardiographic report; only 332 (22.1%) had a normal study. Diastolic dysfunction (DD) (33.4%), valvular heart disease (18.4%), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (13.7%) were the most common findings in our hospital. Among patients with DD, Grade 1 dysfunction accounted for the majority (79.8%), of which 41% had associated LVH. Pulmonary hypertension (PH), cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease were also not uncommon. Abnormal echocardiographic findings are common in patients referred to our hospital for transthoracic echo. The commonest echocardiographic abnormalities were DD, Valvular heart disease (both rheumatic and calcific valves) and LVH.

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Kim, Jun-Seong, Kun-Woo Kim, Se-Ro Kim, Tae-Gyeong Woo, Joong-Wha Chung, Seong-Won Yang, and Seong-Yong Moon. "An Immersive Virtual Reality Simulator for Echocardiography Examination." Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (February 3, 2024): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14031272.

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Echocardiography is a medical examination that uses ultrasound to assess and diagnose the structure and function of the cardiac. Through the use of ultrasound waves, this examination allows medical professionals to create visualizations of the cardiac muscle, enabling them to diagnose and monitor conditions such as cardiac diseases, abnormalities, and functional disorders. An echocardiogram plays a crucial role in the early detection and diagnosis of various cardiac issues such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, valvular cardiac disease, and myocardial hypertrophy. It significantly contributes to determining treatment and management strategies. To achieve accurate disease diagnosis and develop appropriate treatment plans through echocardiography, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of proper probe usage, the precise acquisition of echocardiographic images, and the ability to interpret various echocardiographic examinations such as two-dimensional, M-mode, Doppler, etc. To enhance the skills required for echocardiography, medical educational institutions conduct theoretical classes, practical sessions using patient models, and clinical practice sessions with actual patients. However, issues such as inadequate practical adaptation due to theory-centric education, limitations in practical opportunities due to insufficient practice equipment, ethical or safety concerns arising during clinical practice, and a lack of educators leading to insufficient feedback, are currently being encountered. Hence, there is a need for new educational methods that can address the existing challenges in echocardiography education. In this paper, as part of these efforts, we propose a virtual reality-based immersive simulator for practical echocardiography training. The proposed echocardiography simulator allows users to explore a virtual echocardiography examination space by wearing a head-mounted display (HMD). This simulator consists of 3D virtual space models, interactive models manipulated by interaction devices, and 3D patient models containing normal or abnormal anatomical cardiac models. Using interactive devices such as HMD controllers and haptic devices, users can manipulate 3D models related to echocardiography within the simulator and interact with 3D patient models containing normal or abnormal anatomical cardiac models, allowing for the practice of echocardiography examinations. Ultimately, a performance evaluation of the developed immersive virtual reality simulator and usability validation targeting medical university students were conducted. The evaluation and validation results confirmed the potential efficacy of the proposed echocardiography VR simulator.

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Mukai, Yasuhiro, Koki Nakanishi, and Masao Daimon. "Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Valvular Disease (Including Stress Echocardiography)." Japanese Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 50, no. 5 (September 15, 2021): 5—xv—5—xxi. http://dx.doi.org/10.4326/jjcvs.50.5.xv.

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Law, Tamryn K., Zachary Bouck, X. Cindy Yin, David Dudzinski, Dorothy Myers, Gillian C. Nesbitt, Jeremy Edwards, et al. "Association Between Transthoracic Echocardiography Appropriateness and Echocardiographic Findings." Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 32, no. 5 (May 2019): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2019.01.004.

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Waleed, Madeeha. "Prevalence of different type of valvular heart disease and other cardiac pathologies of the heart in high risk patients with suspicion of heart failure. A retrospective cohort study." Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions 3, no. 9 (October 16, 2020): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2641-0419/088.

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Background: Valvular heart disease and other cardiac pathologies are associated with impending heart failure. An early diagnosis of these can help prevent the disabling ad disastrous effects and improve the prognosis. Aim: The prevalence of various pathologies associated with heart failure is not known. This study helps in recognizing various pathologies that can lead to heart failure, which if diagnosed early can improve the patient’s outcome. Materials and Methods: A total of 4560 patients were included in the study. All the patients were aged greater than 15 years. Patients with suspicion of heart failure on symptoms were ordered echocardiography. Transthoracic echo was done using echocardiography ultrasound machine using the British Society of Echocardiography guidelines. Echocardiography was done by registered sonologists. Echocardiograph were later read by cardiologists. Data was collected on Excel sheet. Echocardiographic results Of 9 690 patients, were admitted to the hospital during the year 2013 to year 2017 with the suspicion of heart failure based on symptoms echocardiogram was ordered. Among these 2448 patients had normal echocardiographic findings were as 4560 had valvular disease. Among the valvular disease patients 2951(64.71%) were females and 1609(35.2%) were males. Among these 2950(64.6%) had mild valvular disease 959(21.0%) had moderate valvular disease and 651(14.2) patients had severe valvular disease. Mitral stenosis occurred in 1200(26.3%) patients, mitral regurgitation in 2953(64.7%) patients, tricuspid stenosis in 40 (0.008%)patients ,tricuspid regurgitation in 1592(34.8%) patients, aortic stenosis in 81 (0.017%) patients and aortic regurgitation in 1957(42.9%) patients. Ischemic cardiomyopathy was present in 24 patients, dilated cardiomyopathy in 14 patients, rheumatic heart disease in 23 patients, ventricular septum defect in 5 patients ,Atrial septum defect in 2 patients , Apical aneurysm formation in 4 patients, Uremic cardiomyopathy on 3 patients, Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction in 2200 patients, Grade 3 diastolic dysfunction in 400 patients, Bicuspid aortic valve in 5 patients and restrictive cardiomyopathy in two patients, 1100 patients had a thin rim of pericardial effusion and were ordered Thyroid function tests. Conclusion: In the community heart failure is a common cause of death. Various pathologies of the heart are predictors of the outcome and hence early diagnosis can help in proper treatment and increased survival

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Baysan, Oben, Ezgi Ocaklı, Yasemin Saglam, and Tugba Altuner. "Advances in echocardiography: global longitudinal strain, intra-cardiac multidirectional flow imaging and automated 3d volume analysis." Heart, Vessels and Transplantation 2, Issue 4 (October 8, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24969/hvt.2018.83.

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Echocardiography has the long development history beginning with amplitude imaging. Nowadays, two- and three- dimensional imaging are standard tools available in almost every echocardiography machine. Myocardial deformation imaging is gaining popularity out of research projects. The future will bring new and sophisticated tools for echocardiographic analysis such intracardiac flow imaging and an automated 3D volume calculation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Echocardiography'

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