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Frédé, Brigitte. ""Echinacea purpurea"." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P066.
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Choffe, Kristen Leigh. "Micropropagation of Echinacea purpurea L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ56311.pdf.
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Araim, Ghada. "Phytochemical induction in Echinacea purpurea (L) Moench." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27440.
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Purple coneflower, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, is an important phytomedicinal species, producing phenolics and alkamides which have medicinal properties. This study examined the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization on the physiology and biochemistry of E. purpurea, alone or in combination with jasmonic acid (JA), and over time. It was hypothesized that AM colonization enhances growth, nitrogen assimilation and secondary metabolism in E. purpurea. It was also hypothesized that JA application alone, or in combination with AM colonization, and growth time increases the phytochemical content. To verify these hypotheses, three greenhouse experiments were performed with E. purpurea, with or without AM fungus, Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, and harvested after (1) 13 weeks of growth; (2) 13 weeks and JA treatment; and (3) five different growth periods starting from week four to fifteen. The overall results indicated that AM colonization significantly increased the mass of shoots and roots, the concentration of proteins in roots and most of the phenolics. Results also suggested that the effects of AM colonization and/or JA application are similar on the induction of phenolics. Furthermore, time was a main factor on the enhancement of the phytochemical content, of the alkamides found to be dominant in roots, and phenolics in shoots. Optimizing the growth by AM colonization represents an organic method of enhancing E. purpurea yield and phytochemical content.
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Daley, Elizabeth. "A Phytochemical and Antibacterial Analysis of Echinacea Purpurea (L.) Moench Throughout Seasonal Development." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38802.
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Echinacea purpurea is consumed as a natural health product around the world. Due to the genus’ ethnobotanical relevance, the phytochemistry of Echinacea has been extensively studied, revealing a variety of bioactive metabolites including caffeic acid derivatives and alkylamides. Whereas seasonal trends in root chemistry have been established, trends in other plant parts are relatively understudied. Similarly, few studies have evaluated the effects of organic plant growth substances in field trials. With increased demand for organic products, industry is looking for alternative ways to optimize yields and medicinal properties.
For this thesis, my first objective was to quantify the concentrations of E. purpurea’s secondary metabolites across organic treatments throughout the plant’s first growth year to determine optimal harvesting time and conditions in all parts of the plant. The second objective was to determine how seasonal variations affect its potential bioactivity through inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Plants were grown in field plots treated with four different organic treatments: water (control), high cytokinin, low cytokinin, and fish oils; samples were collected biweekly from May-September. Dried plants were separated into major plant parts and were extracted exhaustively in 70% EtOH. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), concentrations of alkylamides and select caffeic acid derivatives were quantified in all samples and compared across plant part, developmental stage, and organic fertilizers. It was determined that while there were no major differences between treatments, phytochemical concentrations changed throughout the season in all plant parts; revealing that aerial parts of the plant also bioactive secondary metabolites and should not be excluded from future studies.
Following this study, an MIC50 assay was used to test these extracts against P. aeruginosa PA14. It was noted that seasonality effects of phytochemistry were not consistent with bioactivity and that there were no significant differences between extract and carrier control. While the antibiotic activity of root extracts varied seasonally, the flower extract exhibited the most consistent antibiotic potential. The results presented in this thesis will not only aid in industry practices and yield optimization but, through filling knowledge gaps on seasonality and organic treatments in field trials, will increase the understanding of E. purpurea’s chemistry and related bioactivity, with implications on both the medicinal properties and eco-physiology of the species.
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Žilinskaitė, Rita. "Rausvažiedės ežiuolės (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) džiūvimo proceso tyrimai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130621_140418-01906.
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Vaistiniai augalai šiuolaikinėje medicinoje turi labai didelę reikšmę. Šiuo metu Lietuvoje – tradicinėje ir liaudies medicinoje naudojama apie 460 augalų rūšių. Rausvažiedė ežiuolė yra vienas iš populiariausių vaistinių augalų. Iš jos pagaminti vaistai vartojami odos, onkologinių ir peršalimo ligų gydymui. Vaistinei žaliavai naudojamos įvairios rausvažiedės ežiuolės dalys: lapai, žiedai, stiebai, šaknys ir t.t. Nuimta vaistinė augalinė žaliava yra labai drėgna. Susidaro ypač palanki terpė mikroorganizmams vystytis. Todėl vaistinės augalinės žaliavos paruošimui dažniausiai naudojamas džiovinimas. Džiovinimo būdai didžia dalimi nulemia vaistinės augalinės žaliavos kokybę. Tyrimų tikslas – ištirti ir palyginti džiūvimo sąlygų įtaką rausvažiedės ežiuolės žolės ir skirtingų jos dalių drėgmės mainams su aplinka. Nustatyta, kad standžios augalo morfologinės dalys lemia stabilesnę ir poringesnę vaistinės augalinės žaliavos sampilo struktūrą, todėl džiovinant rausvažiedės ežiuolės žiedus ir ypač smulkintus stiebus bei žolę susiformuoja palankesnės džiūvimui sąlygos nei, pavyzdžiui, skintų lapų sampile.Medicinal plants are of great importance in modern medicine. Currently, Lithuania - traditional and folk medicine used for about 460 species of plants. Echinacea purpurea is one of the most popular medicinal plants. From these plants made drugs are used to treat skin diseases, oncological diseases and cold diseases. Various parts of Echinacea purpurea an used for medicinal materials: leaves, flowers, stems, roots, etc. Been harvested herbal ingredients are very moist. There is a particularly favorable environment for the development of microorganisms. Therefore, the preparation of medicinal plant raw materials commonly used in drying. Drying methods are largely determined by the quality of raw materials. Purposes of the study - to investigate and compare the drying conditions on Echinacea purpurea herbs and different parts of moisture exchange with the environment. It was found that the rigid parts of the plant determines the morphological stability and more porous medicinal plant raw materials layer structure, therefore drying purple cone flowers, and especially the chopped stems and grass formed favorable drying conditions than cutted leaves layer.
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Spence, Katherine Marie. "In vivo evaluation of immunomodulatory properties of crude extracts of Echinacea species and fractions isolated from Echinacea Purpurea." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2002. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001512/.
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This thesis describes the in vivo evaluation of orally administered extracts of Echinacea species, and fractions obtained from Echinacea purpurea for specific immunostimulatory function induced in Balb/c mice by immunization with microbial vaccines. Two vaccines were used for this purpose in this study. The first vaccine used consisted of whole-cell formalin-killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine, which is known to induce production of specific antibodies but no delayed-type hypersensitivity response considered as an indicator of the cell-mediated immune response. The second vaccine was a commercial acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) consisting of inactivated diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and native or inactivated virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis (the etiological agent of whooping cough) which is known to induce a humoral immune response but with controversial reports about performance in the induction of cell-mediated immunity. Both vaccines were administered intraperitoneally, whereas the herbal extracts and fractions were administered by oral gavage. The phytochemical profile of the ethanolic extracts of Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea pallida, Echinacea angustifolia and one commercial product "Echinacea Triplex" and three fractions prepared from Echinacea purpurea, namely polysaccharides, phenolics and alkylamides, was determined by thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and/or by chemical analytical techniques. Statistically significant increases in specific anti-Salmonella typhimurium serum antibody were obtained for the Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea Triplex [Trade Mark] treatment groups, and also for groups receiving treatment with fractions obtained from Echinacea purpurea, namely, polysaccharide, alkylamide and phenolic fractions. Statistically significant increases in the anti-B pertussis serum antibodies were also obtained in the young Echinacea Triplex [Trade Mark] group vaccinated with the DTaP vaccine. Significant enhancement of serum interleukin-12 titres was observed in the Echinacea Triplex [Trade Mark] as well as the phenolic fraction treatment groups which were vaccinated with killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine. Of the groups vaccinated with the DTaP vaccine, only Echinacea Triplex [Trade Mark] displayed statistically significant increases in mean interleukin-12 titre compared to the placebo in both young and old groups, however Echinacea purpurea, and Echinacea angustifolia both displayed significant increases in mean interleukin-12 titre in the young treatment mice. Increases in interferon-gamma levels in mice orally dosed with phenolic, polysaccharide or alkylamide fractions of Echinacea purpurea and vaccinated with the killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine were also observed, however these need to be repeated for confirmation, and statistical analysis.
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Skaudickas, Darius. "Rausvažiedės ežiuolės Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench antiandrogeninių savybių eksperimentiniai tyrimai." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20051209_100749-23074.
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Work actuality
In recent years the number of males with urination disorders mostly induced by prostate pathology has significantly increased [Gas et al., 1998; Khan, Khan et al., 2005; Amaral, Coeli et al., 2004]. Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) affects males at a much younger age making them complain of urination disorders of different types and intensity. It is quite a common pathology among males (which is) conditioned by life style and nutrition [Saga & Sugimura, 2004; Shabbir & Mumtaz, 2004; Cambell, 2005].
Clinical symptoms of BPH are not restricted only to urination complaints. With an increase of age of males, the balance of androgens and estrogens undergoes changes in the male organism, affecting the power of libido. According to C.M.Porth, 2005, two theories related to senility have been created, trying to explain biological processes occurring with age: The first theory is related to the so called genetically programmed changes. This theory affirms that changes brought on by aging, are genetically predetermined. Another theory is called the stochastic theory which says that all changes are of accidental nature, i.e. the body undergoes accidental changes. There is one more theory, the so-called neuroendocrinic theory of senility. This theory involves three basic factors of the process of aging: 1) facilitated degradation of hormones, 2) decreased synthesis and secretion of hormones, 3) diminished sensitivity of “target” receptors to... [to full text]
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Qusaj, Ylber. "Optimization and investigation of Echinacea tablets with "basis granulate" technology." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAF005.
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La fabrication d’un médicament sous forme de comprimés à base d'une plante fraîche reste actuellement encore un véritable enjeu et ce, à cause de la variabilité qui peut exister dans les différents lots d'extraits de plantes ainsi qu’à la limite imposée par les techniques de fabrication de comprimés existantes actuellement. Différents problèmes rencontrés avec la formulation actuelle de ce type de comprimés ont été observés tels que : les propriétés physiques du comprimé (très faible dureté des comprimés et temps de désagrégation assez long), goût désagréable, grande variabilité (variabilité de l'extrait sec) et mauvaise stabilité de la substance médicamenteuse. Des observations antérieures ont indiqué que la stabilité de la substance médicamenteuse dans les comprimés d'Echinacea purpurea ainsi que le goût peuvent être améliorés en la mélangeant avec de la bêta-cyclodextrine (β-CD). Dans la thèse de doctorat, une formulation actuelle commercialisée de comprimés d’Echinacea purpurea a été réalisée par la technique de la granulation par voie humide, avec un mélangeur à cisaillement élevé. Dans la formulation, presque la totalité de l'excipient (lactose monohydraté) est mouillé par le concentré d'Echinacea purpurea. Afin de réduire la quantité d'excipients à granuler et à sécher et d’obtenir un produit avec moins cher des couts de matériaux premières, un procédé de granulation classique a été proposé où seulement une fraction de la quantité totale de charge (cellulose microcristalline (MCC)) est utilisée pour la granulation et le séchage; le reste de la charge (sorbitol) est ajouté après la granulation. Ce granulat peut servir de matériau de base des différents comprimés. Dans les différentes expérimentations réalisées, la teinture d’Echinacea purpurea a été utilisée comme modèle pour l'optimisation de la fabrication des comprimés à base de plantes. L'objectif de la thèse était par conséquent de développer une nouvelle formulation de comprimés d’Echinacea purpurea en utilisant un procédé de granulation classique. Avec une meilleure maîtrise de la granulation humide (WGP) et son influence sur les propriétés physiques des comprimés, ceux-ci doivent être optimisés du point du vue de la stabilité de l'ingrédient actif qui se présente sous forme solide (alkylamides) et des propriétés physiques des comprimés, en particulier le taux de dissolution et les propriétés physiques des comprimésOne current formulation of Echinacea tablets which is examined in the present thesis is to produce tablets in a wet granulation process (WGP) with a high shear mixer. During the manufacturing, almost the whole amount of the excipient (lactose monohydrate) is wetted by Echinacea purpurea concentrate. In order to reduce the amount of excipients being granulated and dried by a basis granulate method was proposed where only a fraction of the total amount of filler (Microcrystalline cellulose, MCC) is used for granulation and drying, the rest of the filler (sorbitol) is added after granulation. This granulate can serve as basis material for different tablets.Purpose: in the PhD thesis, tablets containing Echinacea purpurea tincture were used as a model for the optimization of herbal tablets. The aim of the dissertation was to develop a new Echinaforce formulation based on the “Basis Granulate” technology. With deeper understanding of the WGP and its influence on the physical tablet properties, the new Echinaforce tablets should be optimized in term of cost of goods, taste of tablets, stability of the active ingredient in solid forms (alkylamides) and the physical tablet properties of Echinaforce tablets, especially the dissolution rate and the compaction properties of the final tablet
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Maleckienė, Rūta. "Rausvažiedės ežiuolės (Echinacea Purpurea (L.) Moench) ekstraktų, gautų skirtingais metodais, palyginimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080626_143812-69618.
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Rausvažiedė ežiuolė (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) apibūdinama kaip priemonė skatinanti medžiagų apykaitą; stimuliuojanti metabolizmo pakitimus ir ląstelių natūralią gynybą esant lėtinėms ir ūmioms ligoms; antiseptikas; dezinfekuojantis žaizdas agentas; vaistas. Darbo tikslas buvo atlikti fenolinių junginių analizę rausvažiedės ežiuolės (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) ekstraktuose, gautuose skirtingais metodais, naudojant spektrofotometrinį metodą ir efektyviąją skysčių chromatografiją. Darbo uždaviniai buvo optimizuoti ekstrakcijos sąlygas (maceracijos metodu) įvertinant skirtingas metanolio koncentracijas ir ekstrakcijos trukmės įtaką fenolinių junginių kiekybinei sudėčiai ekstraktuose; paruošti ekstraktus maceracijos, soksleto ir ekstrakcijos superkritiniais skysčiais metodais; optimizuoti efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos sąlygas; atlikti kokybinę ir kiekybinę fenolinių junginių analizę Rausvažiedės ežiuolės ekstraktuose, įvertinant a) skirtingas ekstraktų paruošimo metodikas; b) skirtingas augalo dalis.
Tyrimo metu optimizuotos ekstrakcijos sąlygos (maceracijos metodu); nustatyta, kad daugiausiai fenolinių junginių išekstrahuota naudojant 70 % metanolį per pirmas 4 ekstrakcijos valandas. Paruošti ekstraktai maceracijos, soksleto ir ekstrakcijos superkritiniais skysčiais metodais. Spektrofotometru nustatyta, kad daugiausiai fenolinių junginių išekstrahuojama maceracijos metodu — 3 kartus daugiau nei soksleto metodu ir 14 kartų daugiau nei ekstrakcija... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (family Asteraceae) herbal medicines and dietary supplements are traditionally used as immunostimulants in the treatment of inflammatory and viral diseases. Employed are roots and aerial parts. The main active compounds of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench are alkamides and polyacetylenes, caffeic acid derivatives, polysaccharides and glycoproteins. With regard to caffeic acid derivatives, several compounds have been identified from the hydrophilic fractions of Echinacea extracts, such as caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and cichoric acid. Cichoric acid is found to be the main phenolic compound in E. purpurea. From the caffeic acid derivatives, only cichoric acid has shown immunostimulatory properties, promoting phagocyte activity in vitro and in vivo. In addition, cichoric acid has antihyaluronidase activity, and has a protective effect on the free-radical-induced degradation of collagen. Cichoric acid has also shown antiviral activity and has recently been found to inhibit HIV-1 integrase and replication. Tasks of investigation: to prepare samples for phenolic acids analysis by supercritical fluid, soxhlet extractions and maceration methods and optimize SPE parameters. Evaluate amount of cichoric acid and compare it in different parts of plant by spectrophotometric method. Optimize HPLC analysis conditions and identify the main phenolic acids by HPLC. Compare amounts of phenolic acids between plant parts and extraction methods... [to full text]
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Pretorius, Travers. "Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils by Echinacea purpurea and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32500.
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As a potential bioremediation system for contaminated soils, I evaluated the use of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Glomus intraradices on roots and shoots uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkyl PAHs, and toxic metals in Echinacea purpurea, in using a controlled 20-week greenhouse study and a complimentary 2-year field study. E. purpurea seeds were either inoculated with the mycorrhizal fungus (AM) or not inoculated (non-AM) and grown in soil provided by the National Capital Commission (NCC) that have known contamination.
In the greenhouse study, AM inoculation increased the uptake of alkyl PAHs in the roots of E. purpurea. The AM inoculation showed no effect on root uptake of PAHs and toxic metals over the 20-week study period. However, when I calculated the uptake rates (k1) for PAHs between both treatments, the AM treated roots ha 10-fold higher k1 values than non-AM treated roots. The soil concentrations of PAHs were found to increase over time with AM inoculation, suggesting, that AM fungi are causing a solvent depletion through root uptake of minerals and carbon, which concentrates the more hydrophobic PAHs in soils. Alkyl PAHs and metals showed no change over time amongst any of the treatments.
Assessing the performance of AM fungi on the uptake of contaminants under field conditions, only PAHs showed increased bioaccumulation in the shoots of E. purpurea with AM inoculation. Alkyl PAHs and metals in plant material were unaffected by the AM inoculation, but increased significantly from year 1 to year 2. The uptake rates among treatments were similar, with non-AM roots having slightly greater uptake. Soil concentrations of PAHs and alkyl PAHs were unaffected over the course of the experiment. Our control soil, however, showed significant increases in concentration from year 1 to year 2 with alkyl PAHs.
These results quantified the influence of AM hyphae-mediated uptake of organic and inorganic contaminant transfer from soil to plants and the bioaccumulation kinetics for contaminants by E. purpurea that will be useful for environmental models and phytoremediation strategies.
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Atkočiūnaitė, Stasė. "Ežiuolės (Echinacea Moench.) genties rūšių anatominės ir morfologinės sandaros savitumai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_172921-61989.
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Nuo 2004 metų buvo pradėta tirti blyškiosios ežiuolės (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt) anatominė ir morfologinė sandara, atlikti lapo, stiebo ir šaknies tyrimai. Tęsiant pradėtą darbą magistriniame darbe, tyrimo objektu buvo pasirinktos dvi (Echinacea Moench.) genties rūšys: blyškioji (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt) ir rausvažiedė (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.). Išanalizavus ežiuolės (Echinacea Moench.) genties rūšių vegetatyvinių organų anatominę sandarą, darbe pateikti išsamūs jų sandaros aprašymai, nurodomi anatominiai diagnostiniai požymiai bei kiekybiniai savitumai. Ištyrus blyškiosios (Echinacea pallida) ir rausvažiedės (Echinacea purpurea L.) ežiuolių vegetatyvinių organų anatominę sandarą visuose pavyzdžiuose nustatyta heterobatmija. Ežiuolės (Echinacea Moench.) lapuose didžiausią diagnostinę reikšmę turi žiotelinio aparato pagalbinių ląstelių skaičius ir išsidėstymas. Blyškiosios ežiuolės ( Echinacea pallida) lapalakščiui būdingas anomocitinis žiotelinio aparato tipas. Šio tipo žiotelinis aparatas apsuptas 3 pagalbinėmis ląstelėmis, viena iš kurių žymiai mažesnė už kitas dvi. Rausvažiedės ežiuolės (Echinacea purpurea L.) lapalakščiui būdingas anomocitinis žiotelinio aparato tipas. Tai toks žiotelinio aparato tipas, kai varstomosios ląstelės apsuptos nuo 2 iki 6 pagalbinių ląstelių, kurios nesiskiria nuo epidermio ląstelių nei dydžiu, nei forma.
Tiriant ežiuolės (Echinacea Moench.) genties rūšių epidermio sandarą nustatyta, kad žiotelinis aparatas išsidėsto... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Anatomical characteristic of Echinacea Moench. genus species is presented in this work. Then are reseached there species of Echinacea Moench.: E. purpurea, E. palaida and E. angustifolia. The description and comparison of overgraund stems, leaves, rhizomes and roots anatomic structure of there species are presented in this work, also diagnostic characters and quantative characteristic are specified. After anglyzis of anatomical structure of Echinacea Moench axial organs it was established heterobatmia. By anatomical characters comparison exodermis structure in the stems is of great diagnostic `importance. Exodermis lamellosity is constant character. The number of auxiliary cells of stomatal aparatus and their situation are of great diagnostic importance in the leaves. E. purpurea leaf has anomacitical stomatal aparatus type. The means, stomatal guard cells are surrounded by from 2 to 6 auxilaliary celle, which doesn't differ from epidermis cells. E. pallida leaft has anisocitical atomatal aparatus type. The stomatal guard cells of this are surrounded then other. Striking differences are characteristic to the structure and situation of secretory tissue in the anglyzis of anatomical structure of Echinacea Moench rhizomes. All analyzed plants have schizogenic glands. Epitelium cells lamellosity and inner canal cavity in the schizogenic glanda are different in the different species of plants. One Echinacea Moench. is different from another in lamelloity of suber tissue in... [to full text]
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Bossy, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Isolierung, Charakterisierung und Lokalisierung von Arabinogalactan-Proteinen aus Echinacea purpurea / Andreas Bossy." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1019811641/34.
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Smalinskienė, Alina. "Kadmio ir cinko jonų bei purpurinės ežiuolės Echinacea purpurea (L) Moench poveikio pelėms įvertinimas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20060202_114547-43693.
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THE ASSESSMENT OF INFLUENCE OF ZINC IONS AND ECHINACEA PURPUREA (L.)
MOENCH FOR MICE INTOXICATED BY CADMIUM IONS
Abstract
Background. Cadmium (Cd), a well-known environmental hazard, exerts a number of toxic
effects in organism. It disturbs the activity of biochemical systems of cells. Accumulation of cadmium
depends on the amount of essential trace elements, including zinc. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench
(EP) can modify its influence. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of ions of cadmium,
zinc, and EP on organism in experimental model of mice.
The objectives of the scientific work were as follows:
1. To evaluate the accumulation of cadmium in the internal organs of experimental mice after acute
and chronic intraperitoneal and per oral intoxication.
2. To assess morphological changes in liver tissue, mitotic and apoptotic activity of liver cells after
the intoxication by cadmium ions of different duration and dose.
3. To assess the effect of zinc ions to the accumulation of cadmium in the internal organs and to the
mitotic and apoptotic activity of liver cells in the organism of mice intoxicated by cadmium.
4. To evaluate the effect of EP to accumulation of cadmium in internal organs, mitotic and apoptotic
activity of liver cells after the chronic intraperitoneal and per oral intoxication by cadmium ions.
The scientific novelty of the study. This work makes our knowledge about mechanisms and
outcomes of acute and chronic exposure to cadmium deeper. The... [to full text]
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Solco, Avery Kent Sia. "Accelerated shelf-life test of alkamides in Echinacea purpurea root aqueous ethanol Soxhlet extracts." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Brown, Lea Dalby. "Analysis and activity of extracts and constituents from Echinacea purpurea : perspectives for evaluation of herbal medicinal products : PhD thesis /." Cph. : The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2005. http://www.dfuni.dk/index.php/Lea_Dalby_Brown/1762/0/.
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Schrøder-Aasen, Torstein. "Effects of Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) on CYP3A4 Metabolism and P-glycoprotein Mediated Transport in Vitro." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for kreftforskning og molekylær medisin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19766.
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Solhatt har blitt et av de vanligste urtepreparatene på verdensmarkedet, og markedsføres for sin effekt mot luftveisinfeksjoner og forkjølelse. Sambruk av naturpreparater og legemidler forekommer ofte, og det er kjent at urtepreparater kan påvirke kroppens omsetning av legemidler. I verste fall kan konsekvensene være dødelige. Derfor er kunnskap rundt slike interaksjoner mellom urter og legemidler en viktig del av pasientsikkerheten. Cytokrom P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) er et spesifikt protein (enzym) som bidrar i omdanningen og nedbrytingen av ca 50% av alle markedsførte legemidler. P-glykoprotein er et transportprotein som bidrar til å transportere legemidler ut av kroppen eller redusere opptaket fra tarm. Begge disse proteinene kan påvirkes av urter slik at legemiddel-omsetningen og den kliniske effekten av legemidler kan endres (interaksjoner). Hovedmålet med denne avhandlingen var å vurdere, gjennom ulike laboratorieteknikker, effekten av rød solhatt på CYP3A4 og P-glykoprotein, og å kartlegge eventuelle mekanismer til grunn for påvirkningen. Solhatt viste i hovedsak en svak hemming av aktiviteten til P-glykoprotein. Samtidig fant vi at solhatt i noe større grad reduserte legemiddelnedbrytingen til CYP3A4. Effekten på CYP3A4 var forskjellig for ulike solhatt-produkter, men hovedtendensen var en svak hemming. Det er generelt vanskelig å anslå den kliniske betydningen av laboratoriefunn alene. For hvert av de undersøkte proteinene er den hemmende effekten fra solhatt trolig liten, men vi vet at disse to proteinene virker samtidig, og en forsterket effekt i kroppen kan ikke utelukkes. Mekanismene til grunn for hemmingen ble også studert. Studiene viste at solhatt har minst to ulike mekanismer for hemming av CYP3A4. Mekanismene var annerledes når solhatt var en del av et multi-preparat med andre urter som for eksempel svarthyll. Både for CYP3A4 og P-glykoprotein tyder de kompliserte hemmingsmekanismene på at to eller flere ulike substanser i solhatt-preparatet påvirker proteinet samtidig. Det er verdt å merke seg at solhatt trolig er en ikke-reversibel hemmer av CYP3A4, som vil kunne gi en langvarig reduksjon i kroppens evne til å omsette legemidler, og dermed øke sjansen vesentlig for kliniske interaksjonseffekter med legemidler. Samlet har vi vist at solhatt i beskjeden grad påvirker CYP3A4 og P-glykoprotein i laboratorieforsøk. Vi har ikke grunn til å tro at den kliniske effekten er av vesentlig betydning. På bakgrunn av en ikke-reversibel hemming av CYP3A4 kan vi likevel ikke bedømme solhatt som ufarlig med tanke på klinisk interaksjonsrisiko. Selv om vi ikke kan gi klinisk konklusive svar, har studiene brakt frem mer kunnskap omkring solhatts påvirkning på legemiddelomsetningen og om legemiddel-urt-interaksjoner generelt.
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Brousseau, Mélanie. "The effects of echinacea purpurea on immune and hemopoietic cell populations in a plasmacytoma mouse model /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80232.
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Pristane, a pure alkane, is known to induce plasma cell dyscrasias in BALB/c mice. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term dietary administration of Echinacea purpurea on immune and hemopoietic cell populations of the spleen and bone marrow, of normal and plasmacytoma-bearing mice. The results revealed quantitative cell lineage-specific changes in both the spleen and bone marrow of pristane-exposed animals. Moreover, the consumption of Echinacea resulted in cancellation of the pristane-mediated negative effects on NK cells and nucleated erythroid cells. Echinacea administration over the long-term resulted in a prolongation of the onset of old age mediated deaths by 120 days, and indeed resulted in a 30% increase in survival at age of 400 days when 55% of normal mice, consuming an untreated diet, were dead. In contrast, however, Echinacea did not improve the lifespan of plasmacytoma-bearing animals.
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Schöllhorn, Claudia. "I. Strukturchemische und immunologische Untersuchungen von Polysacchariden Withania somnifers (L.) Dunal. II. Untersuchungen zur Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehung von Polysacchariden aus Echinacea purpurea-Zellsuspensionskulturen /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1994. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/164249532.pdf.
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Thomas, Laura Christine. "A replacement series analysis of the relative competitive abilities of the three North American prairie plants: Echinacea Purpurea, Ratibda Pinnata, and Panicum Virgatum." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413463755.
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Cavalheri, Fernanda Honorato. "Efeitos do extrato seco da raiz de Echinacea purpurea Moench em camundongos BALB/c sobre a resposta de celulas progenitoras miloides e resistencia a infecção com Listeria monocytogenes." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311297.
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Orientadores: Mary Luci de Souza Queiroz, Giselle Zenker JustoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Neste trabalho investigamos o efeito imunomodulador do extrato seco da raiz de Echinacea purpurea (EEP) sobre o crescimento e diferenciação de precursores hematopoéticos da medula óssea e do baço para a série granulócito/macrófago (CFU-GM) de animais infectados com Listeria monocytogenes. A atividade dos fatores estimuladores de colônias do soro, alterações no peso do baço e a resistência dos animais à infecção também foram estudados. Camundongos BALB/c receberam um tratamento prévio por 7 dias, via oral, de EEP nas doses de 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg e 1000 mg/kg. Ao final deste período os animais foram infectados intraperitonealmente com uma dose letal de Listeria monocytogenes (lxl06 bactérias/animal) para determinação da curva de sobrevida e com uma dose subletal (lxl03 bactérias/animal) para avaliação dos parâmetros hematopoéticos. Os resultados demonstraram que o EEP administrado previamente aos animais infectados, nas doses de 300, 750, e 1000 mg/kg protegeu contra mielossupressão característica deste modelo experimental. Valores similares aos do grupo controle foram obtidos para o número de células progenitoras de granulócitos/macrófagos (CFU-GM) na medula óssea desses animais 48 horas e 72 horas após a infecção com Listeria monocytogenes, enquanto nenhuma alteração estatisticamente significativa neste parâmetro foi encontrada nos animais apenas tratados com o extrato nos quatro níveis de doses experimentais testados. Da mesma forma que para medula óssea, apenas as doses de 300, 750, e 1000 mg/kg inibiram completamente o desenvolvimento da hematopoese extramedular nos animais infectados, apresentando níveis normais de CFU-GM no baço 48 horas e 72 horas após a inoculação da bactéria. Embora o CFU-GM no baço dos animais pré-tratados com 100 mg/kg de extrato e infectados fosse estatisticamente superior ao do grupo controle, esta dose de EEP proporcionou uma redução estatisticamente significativa no número de precursores neste órgão em relação aos grupos somente infectados, nas 48 horas e 72 horas de avaliação. O aumento no peso do baço que acompanha a hematopoese esplénica no modelo murino de listeriose foi apenas parcialmente regulado pelo EEP, quando aàninistrado nas doses de 300, 750 e 1000 mg/kg. Nenhum efeito sobre este parâmetro foi observado nos animais apenas tratados. Na avaliação da atividade do EEP sobre a produção de fatores estimuladores de colônias de células hematopoéticas foi observado um aumento no número de CFU-GM para o grupo de animais pré-tratados e infectados similar ao estímulo produzido apenas pela infecção. Nos grupos de animais somente tratados, a atividade do soro também foi estatisticamente superior à do grupo controle. Este mesmo protocolo de tratamento também aumentou a resistência de animais letalmente infectados com histeria monocytogenes, alcançando 33, 50 e 16% de sobrevida para as doses de 300, 750 e 1000 mg/kg respectivamente. Concluímos, portanto, que o EEP apresenta atividade estimuladora sobre a mielopoese de camundongos BALB/c infectados com Listeria monocytogenes crítica para a resistência à infecção letal observada
Abstract: In this work, we investigated the effects of Echinacea purpurea extract (EPE) on the growth and differentiation of bone marrow and spleen hematopoietic progenitors (CFU-GM) in normal and in Listeria monocytogenes-infected mice. Serum colony-stimulating activity, changes in spleen weight and resistance to a lethal dose of bacteria were also evaluated. BALB/c mice were treated orally with 100, 300, 750 and 1000 mg/kg doses of EPE for 7 consecutive days and, at the end of this period, they were infected intraperitoneally with a sublethal dose of the bacteria (lxlO3 bacteria/animal). As expected, a significant decrease in the number of bone marrow CFU-GM in mice infected with L. monocytogenes was observed during the early phase of infection. This effect was accompanied by the development of splenic hematopoiesis with splenomegaly. Treatment of these animals with 300, 750 and 1000 mg/kg of EPE previously to infection significantly stimulated myelopoiesis, reaching normal values of bone marrow CFU-GM at 48 and 72 h after infection. In addition, these doses of EPE markedly inhibited the extramedullar hematopoiesis and significantly reduced the spleen weight in infected mice. On the other hand, no effects on these parameters were observed with the 100 mg/kg dose. In addition, this extract did not affect myelopoiesis and spleen weight when administered to normal mice. Regarding the production of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), we observed that serum from infected animals presented a higher stimulatory activity on the CFU-GM generation, and similar degrees of serum colony-stimulating activity were found in EPE-treated infected mice at all doses tested. Treatment of normal mice with all doses of EPE for 7 days also produced higher concentrations of CSFs relative to controls. Resistance to infection was studied in mice submitted to a lethal dose of L. monocytogenes (lxlO6 bacteria/animal). Administration of EPE at 300, 750 and 1000 mg/kg significantly improved the survival of mice lethally infected with L. monocytogenes, given 33%, 50% and 16% of survival, respectively. We suggest that the modulatory effect of EPE on the myelopoietic response is related to its prophylactic activity in infected mice as a mechanism to improve immunity
Mestrado
Farmacologia
Mestre em Farmacologia
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Guo, Jan-Hung, and 郭展宏. "Studies on Micropropagation of Echinacea purpurea." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92435896806223962178.
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碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
94
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench is an important perennial herbal medicinal plant of North America, it’s anti-oxidant capacity and medicinal use for health are valuable. The demand increases in recent years and causes habitat damage, resulting in cultivation of purple coneflower become more and more important from now on. The elite plants of purple coneflower are not easy to maintain because that it is an open-pollinated plant producing variable offspring. The cultivation will be valuable if the micropropagation of plant with high biomass and effective ingredients can be done well cheaply. Elite plants with good agronomy characteristics, large biomass and high cichoric acid content, over 2.2%, that pass commercial requirement were were used to study effects of ventilation and density (V&D) on micropropagation. In addition, the growth of E. purpurea in temportary immersion system (TIS) were also studied. This is the first report related to tissue culture of rationed elite plant of E. purpurea. Explants of leaves of ratiooned elite plant were used to induce shoots in medium containing 0.54 μM (0.1 mg/l) NAA and 0.44-0.88 μM (0.1-0.2 mg/l) BA for 4 weeks. Shoot induction rate and shoot number per explant increased as the BA concentration increased. Plantlets of 37 selected elite plant, about 90%, were established in vitro. Plantlets with more roots and shorter roots increased as the media containing higher IBA concentrations ranging from 0-1.96 μM (0-0.4 mg/l) IBA. Shoots derived from bud explants increased more than 3 times for 4 weeks with media containing higher BA concentrations. To study the effects of V&D on the plantlet growth in vitro, two selected elite plant were used. As the ventilation pore number of cover foil and plant density in vitro increased the following outcomes occurred. The hyperhydric plantlets decreased significantly. Plantlet growing speed for plant height, leaf number and rooting increased. The leaf chlorophyll content, fresh weight, dry weight, fresh/dry ratio all increased and the survival rates were then promoted. The treatments with 2 ventilation pores and 21 plantlets per flask or 4 ventilation pores and 28 plantlets per flask have higher rooted-plantlet rates, growth rates and survival rates. As the time interval between air pumping of TIS increased the hyperhydric plantlets decreased significantly, plantlet growing speed for plant height, leaf number and rooting rate increased, then, the survival rate increased. The 6 hours interval treatment made plantlets with higher rooted-plantlet rate, growth rate and survival rate. Comparing the outcomes of TIS and V&D treatments, We got plantlets with more decreasing hyperhydricity, increasing rooting rate, growth rate and survival rate by TIS than those plantlets of V&D treatments.
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Mendes, Lara Artemisa Rocha. "Caracterização de formulações comercializadas contendo Echinacea purpurea." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/4510.
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O Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas permitiu-me adquirir experiência
profissionalizante em três domínios diferentes: investigação, farmácia hospitalar e farmácia
comunitária.
As ações imunomoduladora, anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e cicatrizante são as
principais potencialidades terapêuticas descritas que tornam a Echinacea purpurea útil no
tratamento ou prevenção de diferentes condições patológicas. Em Portugal, as formulações
contendo Echinacea purpurea, que se incluem no grupo de produtos à base de plantas, são
comercializadas sob a forma de suplementos alimentares. Estes produtos não estão incluídos
em nenhuma base de dados atualizada, acessível ao público, que possibilite a consulta da
informação do rótulo e da sua formulação. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como
objetivo identificar e descrever as formulações comercializadas contendo Echinacea
purpurea. A identificação dos produtos comercializados contendo Echinacea purpurea foi
realizada em farmácias comunitárias, distribuidores farmacêuticos e ervanárias. A informação
apresentada nos rótulos foi recolhida e analisada quanto aos parâmetros considerados cruciais
para definir a qualidade, segurança e eficácia dos produtos (composição, parte da planta
usada, forma de dosagem, propriedades promotoras de saúde e bem-estar). Foi identificado
um total de 60 produtos, classificados na sua maioria como suplementos alimentares. Foram
encontradas diferentes formas farmacêuticas sendo as mais prevalentes as cápsulas (n=12),
xaropes (n=8) e soluções orais em gotas (n=7). Relativamente à parte da planta utilizada nas
formulações estudadas referem-se as partes aéreas e a raiz de E. purpurea. Das 60
formulações estudadas 34 não apresentam a parte da planta utilizada. As alegações
apresentadas nos rótulos dizem respeito, maioritariamente à ação imunoestimulante de E.
purpurea. Conclui-se que, embora a legislação relativa aos produtos à base de plantas e
suplementos alimentares tenha sido modificada e completada nos últimos anos, ainda há
muitas deficiências no controlo dos produtos comercializados. Não existe informação
suficiente sobre reações adversas e interações medicamentosas, e alguns rótulos carecem de
informação sobre a composição quantitativa das formulações.
Nos hospitais, os serviços farmacêuticos asseguram a terapêutica medicamentosa aos
doentes, garantem a qualidade, eficácia e segurança dos medicamentos e integram equipas
multidisciplinares que prestam cuidados de saúde aos doentes. Ter realizado o estágio
curricular em farmácia hospitalar proporcionou-me um contacto mais próximo com a prática
da atividade farmacêutica neste âmbito e com as diferentes áreas funcionais e de intervenção
do farmacêutico inerentes à farmácia hospitalar (direção e gestão dos serviços farmacêuticos,
distribuição de medicamentos, produção/manipulação e ensaios clínicos).
Hoje, mais do que um estabelecimento em que se dispensam medicamentos e outros
produtos farmacêuticos, a farmácia comunitária é um espaço de saúde onde se prestam
serviços, promovendo a saúde e prevenindo a doença, com o objetivo de melhorar os resultados clínicos obtidos com o uso dos medicamentos e reduzir a morbi-mortalidade a estes
associada. Durante o estágio curricular em farmácia comunitária foi-me possível experienciar
todas as atividades desempenhadas pelo farmacêutico na farmácia.The Master in Pharmaceutical Sciences allowed me to acquire professional experience in three different areas: research, hospital pharmacy and community pharmacy. The immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and healing properties of Echinacea purpurea are the basis for its usefulness in the treatment or prevention of various pathological conditions. In Portugal, the formulations containing Echinacea purpurea, which are included in the group of herbal products, are mainly marketed as dietary supplements. These products are not included in any updated database listing label and formulation information accessible for the public. The present work aimed to identify and describe the marketed products containing Echinacea purpurea. The identification of commercial products containing Echinacea purpurea was performed in Portuguese community pharmacies and pharmaceutical distributors. Label information was collected and analyzed concerning the items considered crucial to define quality, safety and efficacy of the product (composition, part of the plant used, dosage form, health and well-being promoting claims). A total of 60 products were identified, classified in the majority as dietary supplements. We found different dosage forms. The most prevalent are capsules (n = 12), syrups (n = 8) and oral solutions-drops (n = 7). For the part of the plant used in the studied formulations were found both aerial parts and the root of E. purpurea. Among the 60 studied formulations 34 does not show the part of the plant used. The claims made on the labels mainly refer to the immunostimulatory action of E. purpurea. We concluded that although the legislation concerning herbal products and dietary supplements has been modified and supplemented in recent years, there are still many weaknesses in the control of marketed products such as the lack of information. There isn’t sufficient information about adverse reactions and drug interactions, and some labels don’t show information about the quantitative composition of the formulations. In hospitals, pharmaceutical services ensure drug therapy to patients, ensure the quality, efficacy and safety of medicines and integrate multidisciplinary teams providing care to patients. Having performed the Internship in Hospital Pharmacy gave me a closer contact with the practice of pharmaceutical activity in this area and the different functional areas and intervention of the pharmacist involved in hospital pharmacy (direction and management of pharmaceutical services, drug delivery, production / handling and clinical trials). Today, more than one establishment that dispenses medications and other pharmaceutical products, community pharmacy is a place where health services are provided, promoting health and preventing disease, with the aim of improving the clinical results obtained with the use of medicines and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these. During the Internship in Community Pharmacy I was able to experience all the activities performed by the pharmacist at the pharmacy.
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Ye, Sin, and 葉馨. "Cultivation and Regulation of Flowering in Echinacea purpurea." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4csvjy.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
園藝暨景觀學系
105
Purple coneflower (Echinacea spp.) are perennials with medical and ornamental uses. Seed propagation for plug production is time-consuming, white suitable nutrient solution nitrogen (N) concentration during plug production is unclear. Regulation of flowering through temperature, gibberellin application, and photoperiod, and suitable container size is still required for production in subtropical Taiwan conditions. Evaluation coneflower for landscape uses is crucial especially during rainy summer in Taiwan. Echinacea ‘Purple Red’ seedlings after cotyledon expansion were grown under day/night temperature of 25/20oC, and fertilized weekly with Johnson’s solution containing 0-28 mM N for six weeks. Results showed leaf number, leaf area, whole plant and shoot dry weights increased with increasing N from 0 to 20 mM, but decreased at 24 mM or 28 mM N that caused salt injury. Root number and root activity increased when N increased from 0 to 16 mM, but decreased at 24-28 mM N. Plants treated with 4-12 mM N had longer roots. Whole plant net photosynthesis did not differ between treatments, however, light saturation point increased and dark respiration decreased with increasing N. Nitrogen-deficient plants had the higher plant carbon concentration. Plant nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium concentrations in 20 mM N were 34.5、4.6、32.9、16.7及6.5 g·kg-1 respectively. Plants of E. purpurea, ‘PowWow Wild Berry’, ‘Purple Red’, and ‘White Swan’ with 3-4 leaves were grown in phytotrons with day/night temperatures of 15/13, 20/15, 25/20, 30/25, and 35/30oC under 12.0-13.6 h natural daylengths. Results showed that leaf formation was slow at 15/13oC, and increased with increasing temperature up to 30/25oC. Plants were rosette with decreased plant dry weights at 35/30 and 30/25oC. Flowering percentage was higher, and time to stem elongation and flowering were earlier at 15/13 and 20/15oC. Flowering percentage decreased with increasing temperatures, and E. purpurea and ‘Purple Red’ did not flower at 35/30oC treatment for 140 days. Branch, flower number, and flower diameter decreased with increased temperature from 15/13 to 35/30oC in ‘PowWow Wild Berry’ and ‘White Swan’. Plants of ‘PowWow Wild Berry’ and ‘PowWow White’ with 10-14 leaves were dripped with 5 mL of 100, 200, and 300 mg·L-1 GA3 under 30/25oC and 12-13.3 h daylengths. Both cultivars showed stem elongation at 8-11 d after treatments, while plants with out GA3 were rosette. Branch number, flower number and plant height increased with GA3. Plants of ‘PowWow Wild Berry’, ‘PowWow White’, and ‘Purple Red’ with 12-14 leaves were treated with 9 h natural daylength (ND), ND plus 5 h day extension by fluorescent lamp (DE), and ND plus night break by fluorescent lamp (NB) under 20/15oC. Flowering percentages were higher in plants with DE and NB, and ‘PowWow White’ produced flowers earlier with DE and NB treatments. Plant height and flower number were low with SD treatment. Plants of ‘PowWow White’ and ‘Purple Red’ with 3-4 leaves were grown in artificial light room with 12 h photoperiod at 25/20oC. By altering distance between light, plants received 3.2, 6.1, 9.5, and 11.7 mol·m-2·d-1 during the first 35 days, and subsequently received 3.8, 7.1, 11.1, 13.6 mol·m-2·d-1 from day 36 to 50 with 14 h photoperiods. Results showed that both cultivars formed leaves slower when grown at 3.8 mol·m-2·d-1, and increased with increasing light integral. Leaf photosynthetic rate in both cultivars was the highest under 220 μmol·m-2·s-1, and the lowest under 75 μmol·m-2·s-1, that resulted in non-stomata limitation. Leaf number and dry weight increased with increasing light integral. Leaf area, petiole length and plant width increased with decreasing light integral; while leaf thickness decreased wigh decreasing light integral. Days to stem elongation, visible flower bud, and flowering took the longerst time with 3.8 mol·m-2·d-1 in ‘PowWow White’, and decreased wigh increaseing light integral as well as increased flower dry weight. Plants of ‘Purple Red’ with 5-6 leaves were treated with 20%, 20%/60%, 40%, and 70% volumetric water content (VWC) treatments. Plants under drought (20% VWC) were smaller, while those under waterlogging (70% VWC) grew poorly and exhibited leaf chlorosis, wilting, leaf drop, and low survival percentage. Leaf photosynthetic rates were lower in plant with 20% and 70% VWC treatments, that resulted in limited non-stomata limitation. Plants with 20% VWC flowered slowly but with more flowers, while those with 70%VWC had lower flowering percentage, flower number, and flower dry weight. Plants of ‘Purple Red’ with 3-4 leaves were planted in container with 350, 500, 800, and 1400 mL volume. Leaf, lateral bud number, and root activity were not significantly different between treatments. Shoot and root dry weights were higher in plants grown with 1400 mL container. Root to shoot ratio decreased with increasing container volume. Plants grown with 350 mL container were shorter, took longer time to flower, and produced fewer flowers.
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Hatzikonstandinou, Kanellie. "A study to compare the possible antifungal and antimicrobial effects of a homoeopathic complex of Echinacea angustifolia-Echinacea purpurea with that of single entity remedies prepared from Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea purpurea, respectively." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11518.
Full textAbstract:
M.Tech (Homoeopathy)This in vitro study investigated whether Echinacea angustifolia (Ea), E.purpurea (Ep) and the Echinacea angustifo/iaJ E.purpurea Complex (EalEp) in mother tincture (MT), potencies of 3CH, 9CH and 15CH had any direct antifungal and/or antibacterial action against Candida a/bicans and Streptococcus pyogenes, respectively. These organisms form part of the normal human flora, but in immunocompromised individuals they can initiate opportunistic cutaneous and upper respiratory tract infections, which are seen commonly in the general practitioner's practice. Ea and Ep were assessed for synergistic action when combined as the EalEp Complex. The quantitative tube potency test (TPT) and the qualitative disc diffusion test (DDT) were used to determine the product efficacy against twenty strains of each test organism. Results showed that none of the homoeopathic medications tested had a direct inhibitory antifungal effect on G.a/bicans. Ea in 15CH potency exerted significant growth reduction of S.pyogenes. Ep at 9CH and 15CH significantly stimulated the growth of C.a/bicans. Ep and EalEp at all potencies and Ea MT significantly stimulated the growth of S.pyogenes. Further studies are required to determine whether the stimulatory effects of the various potencies of the Echinacea products on the test organisms are additive or synergistic.
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Peng, Hsiao-Chuan, and 彭筱娟. "Anther culture of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench)." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8k357t.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
101
The pure line of homozygous double haploid plant provides the other possibility in plant breeding, especially for the hybrid plant. In this study, we used purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) anthers which containing microspores at uninucleate stage as culture material. Anther were cultured on basal medium (1/2 MS medium) consisting various NAA and BA concentrations. During the 18 different dose of NAA and BA, callus formation percentage were significant differences among various BA concentrations, the highest callus formed rate reached 96.6%, when anther were cultured on the medium supplemented with NAA 1.00 mg L-1 and BA 0.40 mg L-1. Callus length also were significant differences among various NAA concentrations, the longest callus length was 5.07 mm , when anther were cultured on the medium contain NAA 1.00 mg L-1 and BA 0.80 mg L-1. The regenerated plantlets were generated from anther callus when they were pre-culture by suspension. The embryogenic cell from anther culture were incubated in different way, proliferated callus before induce regenerated plantlets increase the culture period, but it is more efficiently to induce large number of cotyledon-like embryo. For selecting the plantlets from the microspores, ISSR analysis has been tried. 75 regenerated plantlets were randomly selected from anther culture for ISSR analysis, and amplified polymorphic bands between anther donor plant and anther culture induced plantlets. In chromosome number examination of root-tip cell of regenerated plantlets, there are 6 of them are diploid and 2 of them are chimera (haploid and diploid).
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Chin, Wei-Chung, and 金威仲. "A comparative study for selected population of Echinacea purpurea." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92387829172607576087.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
100
Echinacea purpurea ( L. ) Moench has been introduced and is growing well in Taiwan. But the information regarding the content of active phytochemicals and potential for biomass production of different introduced E. purpurea population are very limited. In the present study, the content of caffeoyl phenols, and plant morphological characteristics of locally selected populations, including red, black spot, and green stem color, were compared. The results indicated that both plant characters and contents of caffeoyl constituents varied considerably among the selected population and different crop seasons. The distribution of all investigated parameters showed a tendency to have a pronounced tail to the right . The plant height of black spot stem population was higher in 2010 growing season and produced more flower heads in 2011 growing season than red and green stem population. Green stem population was taller and produced more flower heads in 2010 growing season than red and black spot stem population. Red stem population produced more branch than the others during two successive growing seasons and accumulated more amounts of total phenolics, caffeic acid derivatives, caftaric acid, cichoric acid, chlorogenic acid, in its leaves in 2010 growing season. In 2011, green stem population had higher contents of phenolics and caffeoyl phenols, particularly caftaric acid, cynarin, echinacoside, and cichoric acid in its flower heads and leaves than red and black spot stem population.
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Wu, Meng-Hsi, and 吳孟禧. "Quality assessment of purple coneflower （Echinacea purpurea）grown in Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78254717297859339643.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中興大學
農藝學系所
95
Echinacea, also known as the purple coneflower, is a native North American perennial medicinal herb and traditionally used to combat cold, flu, cough, sore throats and many other ailments. Today, echinacea is among the most frequently utilized medicinal herbs around the world included in supplements and personal care formulations. Introduction of a species into cultivation requires screening plant materials suitable for local environment. In this study, plant performance and active ingredients were evaluated for selected Echinacea purpurea. Results showed that selected clones meet the criteria of high yield and high concentration of active constituents. The effects of drying method on the level of active ingredients in Echinacea were studied. Different drying methods were applied to fresh selected Echinacea purpurea flowers and aerial parts to determine optimal drying procedures for preserving active ingredients. To preserve higher levels of caffeic acid derivatives, alkamides and phenolic compounds, freeze-dried was found to be the best method. Although materials roasted at 40℃ retained relative amounts of alkamides but it would destroyed all caffeic acid derivatives and phenolic compounds. In order to assess the efficiency of extraction of phytochemicals from the flowers and aerial parts of selected Echinacea purpurea, a study of solvent mixtures was carried out to determine the recovery of known compounds from plant materials. Extraction of samples with 100% methanol gave good yield of caffeic acid derivatives, alkamides and phenolic compounds and preserved high antioxidant activities. Methanol and ethanol provide a better way to extracts caffeic acid derivatives, alkamides and phenolic compounds from the flowers and aerial parts of echinacea. Treatment of γ-irradiance did not affect the level of active ingredients in Echinacea. The results of the experiments demonstrate that post-harvest processing play an important role in the content of active ingredients in echinacea.
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Chen, Syue-Hua, and 陳雪樺. "Recurrent selection of total phenol content in Echinacea purpurea population." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57229464841939729761.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
102
Echinacea spp., known as purple coneflower, is one of the most popular medicinal herbs and has been cultivated widely. It’s secondary metabolites have the activities of antimicrobial, antivirus and immunostimulatory. The major phytoactive constituents of Echinacea spp. are phenylpropanoids, alkamides, polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Phenylpropanoids classified as phenolic compounds, and the major phenylpropanoids in Echinacea spp. are caffeic acid derivatives. The content of caffeic acid derivatives is one of the quality indicators of Echinacea spp. In cross-pollinated crops like Echinacea spp., both the individual plants of the breeding population and their progeny in the population tend to be heterozygous. Recurrent selection is a straightford selection model that could be applicable for the development and maintenance of Echinacea spp. seed lines. In order to improve the quality of Echinacea spp. with high total phenolics content, 4 cycles of offspring are generated from mass selection and the selection efficiency were assessed. The result demonstrates that it’s effective to promote selection efficiency of high total phenolics population by roguing of low-phenolics individuals during vegetative stage and introducing pollination barrier during reproductive stage. Correlation analysis revealed that leaf total phenolics content was negatively correlated with plant height and floret number, but total phenolics content in floret showed positive correlation with plant height and floret number. Floret total phenolics content could be used as a screening indexes for improving quality and biomass of Echinacea spp. in the future.
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Lin, Yun-Ting, and 林筠庭. "Effects of Echinacea Purpurea Extracts (EPE) on Nervous Necrosis Virus Infection." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01905719177410880333.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
水產養殖學系
101
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) can infect more fish that has caused a high mortality rate of numerous marine fish species including grouper at larval stage in Taiwan. Thus, it is important to develop an anti-NNV drug to prevent virus infection and outbreak.In this thesis, Echinacea purpurea extract (EPE) was selected as a model to investigate anti-NNV effect on grouper cell line. WST-1 assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity in grouper cell line and the suitable concentration of EPE was found to be less than 200μg/ml. The different concentrations of EPE which are less than 200μg/ml were selected for the NNV challenge experiment (M.O.I =1) in grouper cell line. The cells were collected and real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the (1) viral titer in grouper cell, (2) pro-inflammatory genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, (3) interferon &; Mx gene, to verify the anti-NNV effect of EPE extract.In our results showed that the NNV viral titers were significantly decreased in the EPE treated groups compared with the non-EPE treated groups within 48 hours. But in gene expression not significantly between EPE treated and non-EPE treated that expression only prove non-EPE treated NNV infect grouper brain cell.Speculated ous study experiment Echinacea extract was possibility inhibited NNV .
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Lee, Jyun-Wei, and 李俊緯. "Detection of anther culture-derived plantlet of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14258224287971204414.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
104
Echinacea spp. (Asteraceae), is a genus of herbaceous perennials, commonly used as medicinal plants. It has major pharmacological activity components such as caffeic acid derivatives, alkylamides, polysaccharides, and polycaetylenes, with anti-inflammatory, stimulates the immune system, anti-oxidation effects. Commerical production of Echinacea mainly propagated by seed, however, Echinacea with the characteristics of self-incompatibility and protandrous, mainly through insects as pollinator. For cross-pollinated plants, it might form a heterogeneous group, propagated by seed will lead to wide variation of agronomic traits and chemical compositions. Thus, it will be hard to control quality. Using anther culure and chromosome doubling can produce the pure line of homozygous double haploid that could serve as the marternal material to produce hybrid seeds. If double haploid also posses self-incompatibility. It could eliminate emasculation and protect breeder’s rights. In the present study, anther cultured-derived plants using chromosome number examination to determine ploidy level in regenerated plantlets. For selecting the plantlets from the microspores, amplified fragment length polymorphism markers (AFLP) analysis has been tried. Index of self-incompatibility was used to evaluate the degree of self-incompatibility among selfing and crossing materials. Identification of ploidy level in regenerated plantlets show all regenerated plantlets were diploid. Twelve plantlets were homogeneous double haploid originated from microspore were confirmed by AFLP analysis. According to index of self-incompatibility, 11 homogeneous double haploid were self-incompatible, the other one were self-compatible.
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Davey, Karen Lee. "A study on the effect of a homoeopathic complex formula consisting of Echinacea purpurea tincture, Echinacea angustifolia tincture, Bapstisia tinctoria tincture and Thuja occidentalis D1 on circulating leukocytes." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9043.
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M.Tech. (Homoeopathy)The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the homoeopathic complex formula consisting of , Echinacea angustifolia tincture, Baptisia tinctoria tincture and Thuja occidentalis D1 on circulating leukocytes. These medicinal plants have immune enhancing properties and an effect on leukocytes. Leukocytes play an important role in the body's defence system. 54 volunteers participated in a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. An initial full blood count before treatment served as a base-line control for each volunteer. A total of 15ml of the medication placebo was administered over 3 hours. After the last dose, a further three blood samples were drawn at 90 minute intervals. Blood analysis included a differential leukocyte count. The trial was conducted over a single 6 hour period. The homoeopathic medication caused a decrease in circulating leukocytes, specifically lymphocytes. The efficacy of this medicationas an immunostimulant should be confirmed on a larger study sample.
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Huang, Yu Di, and 黃郁迪. "Studies on the Active Components and Antioxidant Properties of Echinacea purpurea Extracts." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15715311896294706000.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
食品營養學系
99
The ground petals of Echinacea purpurea with freeze-dried was used as test materials in this study. This study evaluated (1) the effect of water and different concentration (25%, 50%, 75%, and 95%) aqueous ethanol on the quality characteristics of extracts obtained from freeze-dried Echinacea purpurea petals; (2) the effect of ultrasonic frequency (24 kHz, 32 kHz, and 40 kHz) and extraction time (15, 30, 45 min, and 60 min) on the quality characteristics of E. purpurea petals extracts. The results showed that the extraction yields of freeze-dried E. purpurea petals were significantly affected by the ethanol concentrations, with water extraction giving the highest extraction yield (39.4%), followed by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 95% ethanol extracts (37.2%, 35.1%, 27.6%, and 3.4%). The total phenols, individual and total caffeic acid derivatives contents in extracts are in the descending order of 50% ethanol extract > 75% ethanol extract > 25% ethanol extract > 95% ethanol extract > water extract. As for the caffeic acid derivatives detectable in extracts, cichoric acid was the major content, followed by caftaric acid. The alkylamide content in extracts are in the descending order of 75% ethanol extract > 95% ethanol extract > 50% ethanol extract > 25% ethanol extract > water extract. In antioxidant properties, the scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical, reducing power, and chelating ability on ferrous ion of 50% ethanol extract is highest among extracts. The scavenging ability on superoxide anion radical of water extract is highest among extracts. In ultrasonic extraction, using 50% aqueous ethanol as extracting solvent, the extraction yield, total phenols, caffeic acid derivatives and alkylamides contents in extracts extracted with 45-60 min at 24-40 kHz are higher than the extract obtained by classical solvent extraction.
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VYDRA, Jan. "Vliv elicitorů na obsah účinných látek v rostlině Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54444.
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Tsao, Po-Yu, and 曹伯瑀. "A comparative study for peduncle phenotypic recurrent selection in Echinacea purpurea population." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59963587769102657030.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
102
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, is a traditional North American perennial medicinal herb that has gained popularity in recent years through claims that it beneficially stimulates the human immune system. The increasing popularity of E. purpurea products has led to the expansion of wild crafting and commercial cultivation to meet the growing demand for plant material. Introduction of a species into cultivation requires screening plant materials suitable for local environment and an understanding of agronomic characteristics that load to high quality and yields. E. purpurea is an outcrossing crop with a high degree of heterogeneity and self-incompatibility. Recurrent selection is a straight ford selection model that can be applicable for the improvement of E. purpurea. Previous study has established three selected lines, including red (R), Blot (B) and green(G) stem population. In order to evaluate the selection efficiency, two addition cycles of phenotypic recurrent selection were conducted during 2012 to 2013, and 4 cycles offspring populations were compared in this study. The results indicated that both plant characters and total phenolics of leaf varied considerably among the selected population and generations. The distribution of all investigated parameters showed a pronounced tendency tail to the right. The plant height and flower head of blot stem and green stem population were higher than red stem population. Stem color selection is an effective index in green and red population but not in blot population after 4 cycle of mass selection. While the total phenolics of leaf , plant height and number of flowers per plant had no significant increase among different generations. Efficiency on phenotypic recurrent selection of E. purpurea need to be improved in future.
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Fang, Hao-Yu, and 方浩宇. "Effects of Phosphinothricin on Shoot Induction of Leaf Explants of Echinacea purpurea." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41873030155707495622.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
94
Leaves of three elite plants of Echinacea purpurea L. with cichoric acid over 2.2 % DW provided kindly by professor Chung-Li Chen were used to study the effect of phosphinothricin (PPT) on shoot formation. All the media in this study, here, contained 0.44 μM BA and 0.54 μM NAA. The leaves were cultured in media containing different concentrations of PPT (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 μM) for 1 or 2 weeks and then transferred to medium without PPT to compare with 4 or 5-week-long PPT treatment. For the 4-week-long PPT treatment, explants had shoots healthly, hyperhydric and rooting apart from shoot (at 0.5 μM PPT) for line T5.9, T2.15 and D7.4, respectively. For line T5.9, the best shoot induction rate (70.9 %) occurred at 0 μM PPT but the maxium shoots (2.0 shoots per explant) formed at 0.5 μM PPT. For line T2.15, both of shoot induction rate (69.8 %) and maxium shoots (2.4 shoots per explant) turned up at 0.5 μM PPT. However, it seemed no good response to PPT treatment for line D7.4 plant. Shoot formation can be found only on line T2.15 explant as PPT concentration high up to 1.0 μM and no shoot emerged on explants of all the three line at 1.5 μM PPT. The carry-over effect of PPT on shoot formation were detected by disposing leaves of the three lines with different concentrations of PPT treatment only for the first one or two weeks. For the first-one-week PPT treatment, shoots formed earlier on leaf explants of three lines at high concentrations of PPT (1.0 and 1.5 μM) than those of 4-week PPT treatment. There were maxium shoots per explant (2.4 and 2.2) for T5.9 and T2.15 at 0.5 μM PPT, respectively, but the better response for line D7.4 was still at 0 μM PPT. For the first-two-week PPT treatment, shoot induction rates increased with media containing 1.0 μM PPT. There were 4.6, 2.8, and 4.5 shoots per explant for T2.15, T5.9 and D7.4, respectively. The soluble protein contents of explants of different concentration PPT treatments were analysed in the first 9 days. Explants featured shoot formation later increased soluble protein contents in the first 9 days, but explants with no shoot formation responsed on the contrary. The results of SDS-PAGE indicated that Rubisco contents decreased in PPT treatments and the new band, nearby 36 kDa, appeared in line T5.9.
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Wu, Chia-Jung, and 吳佳蓉. "Mass selection of Echinacea purpurea L. Moench by phenotypic and phytochemical traits." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39944282624455683414.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
100
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, commonly known as purple coneflower, is a medicinal heterozygous plant that has been used for centuries, customarily as a treatment for the common cold, coughs, upper respiratory infections, and immune system enhancement. The major phytoactive constituents of Echinacea are caffeic acid derivatives, alkylamides, and polysaccharides, that have attracted the most interest in term of having useful pharmacological activity, and are in great demand in the market. In the present study, RAPD marker generated from previous study were used to predict the content of total phenolic in leaves and florets through multiple-regression analysis. The contents of caffeoyl phenols, alkylamides, and plant morphogical characters were also investigated. Statistical analyses revealed that there are no significant correlation in total phenols between predicted and actual values for leaves and florets in test populations. However, total phenol content in leaf coupled with flower head number were proven to be an effectively screening indexes for improving E. purpurea population with high total phenol and caffeic acid derivatives during mass selection. To improve RAPD maker assistant selection, stepwise regression analysis indicated that RAPD makers opJ1-1400, opC1-1250 and opF7-800 showed significant correlations with the examined phytochemical traits during two cycle tests. These RAPD markers might be useful to develop the SCAR marker or CAPS marker with higher specificity and reproducibility in the future.
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Mariano, Ana Silvia Gama. "Influência das condições de extração no Rendimento de extratos de Echinacea purpurea." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/5046.
Full textAbstract:
Este documento é constituído por 3 partes: a primeira delas é referente à investigação efetuada acerca da Echinacea purpurea.
A Echinacea purpurea é uma planta muito utilizada a nível medicinal pelas vastas propriedades benéficas que apresenta para o Homem e por isso também tem sido alvo de muitos estudos nos últimos anos. Desta forma, interessa aprofundar o estudo dos compostos que conferem estas propriedades, obtidos a partir da preparação de extratos.
Neste trabalho, foram estudadas diferentes condições de extração para a Equinácea (planta total), diferentes solventes (água, etanol absoluto, etanol a 75%), diferentes temperaturas (temperatura ambiente e a 50ºC), durante diferentes períodos de tempo de contacto entre planta e solvente (1, 2, e 3 dias para a temperatura ambiente e, 10, 30, 60 minutos para 50ºC) e com diferentes rácios planta:solvente (0,5; 1; 2; 5g para 10mL de solvente). A resposta avaliada para as diferentes condições de extração foi o rendimento total do extrato.
Verificou-se que o extrato que apresentava maior rendimento (10,794±0,315%) foi obtido com um rácio de 1g/10 mL em água num processo de maceração durante 1 dia, ou seja, uma maior quantidade de componentes de Equinácea foram extraídos com estas condições. A constituição química deste extrato será, sobretudo em polissacarídeos e glicoproteínas pois são os componentes com propriedades hidrofílicas presentes nesta planta. Também se pôde constatar que uma menor relação planta:solvente proporciona um maior rendimento de extração, assim como temperaturas mais elevadas, nomeadamente 50ºC relativamente à temperatura ambiente (20-25ºC). O tipo de solvente também mostrou influenciar o rendimento da extração, o que está relacionado com o tipo de componentes que cada solvente extrai.
A segunda parte do documento é referente à atividade desenvolvida no estágio de farmácia comunitária realizado na Farmácia da Sé (Guarda) durante o período entre 3 de Fevereiro de 2014 e 2 de Maio de 2014 enquanto que, a terceira e última parte diz respeito ao estágio em farmácia hospitalar efetuado no Hospital Sousa Martins da Unidade Local de Saúde da Guarda durante o período de 5 de Maio de 2014 a 20 de Junho do mesmo ano.This document consists in 3 parts: the first is related to the research about the Echinacea purpurea. The Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) is a plant widely used in traditional medicine by presenting wide beneficial properties for humans and therefore has also been the subject of many studies in recent years. Thus, it matters further study of compounds that confer these properties, which are obtained by preparation of extracts. In this work, different extraction conditions for Echinacea purpurea (entire plant), different solvents (water, absolute ethanol, 75% ethanol), different temperatures (room temperature and 50ºC) were studied for different time periods of contact between the plant and solvent (1, 2, and 3 days at room temperature and 10, 30, 60 minutes at 50ºC) and different ratios plant:solvent (0,5; 1; 2; 5g in 10ml of solvent). The response evaluated for different conditions of extraction was the total yield of extract. It was observed that the extract that showed the higher yield (10.794 ± 0.315%) was obtained with a ratio of 1g/10 mL water in a process of maceration for 1 day. In other words, a greater amount of Echinacea components were extracted with these conditions. The chemical composition of this extract is mainly polysaccharides and glycoproteins as they are components with hydrophilic properties present in this plant. It could also be seen that a lower ratio plant:solvent provides a higher extraction yield as well as higher temperatures, namely 50ºC compared to room temperature (20-25ºC). The type of solvent has also shown its influence on extraction yield, which is related to the type of each component extracted by each solvent. The second part of the document refers to the activities developed in the community pharmacy internship in Pharmacy of Sé (Guarda) during the time period between February 3, 2014 and May 2, 2014 while the third and final part concerns the stage in hospital pharmacy performed in Sousa Martins Hospital - Local Health Unit of Guarda during May 5, 2014 to 20 June of the same year.
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Gualandi, Richard James. "Fungal endophytes enhance growth and production of natural products in Echinacea purpurea (Moench.)." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/713.
Full textAbstract:
Echinacea purpurea is a native herbaceous perennial with substantial economic value for its medicinal and ornamental qualities. Arbuscular mycorrhizae are symbiotic fungi that form relationships with plant roots and are known to enhance growth in the host. Mycorrhizae and other fungal endophytes often affect stress resistance and secondary metabolism in the host, as well as the ecology of other endophytes in the plant. A newly emerging paradigm in sustainable biotechnique is the targeted use of fungal endophytes to enhance growth and secondary metabolism in crops. Many of the therapeutic compounds in E. purpurea could be affected by fungal colonization. In this research the effects of inoculation of Echinacea purpurea with two classes of fungal endophytes: the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices and Gigaspora margarita and the entomopathogenic endophyte Beauveria bassiana were evaluated . Endophyte colonization and impacts on plant growth and phytochemistry were tested in multiple greenhouse experiments. Arbuscular mycorrhizae and B. bassiana effectively colonized E. purpurea with some significant interactive effects. Consistent, substantial, and significant increases in all growth parameters were observed in mycorrhizal plants; mycorrhizal plants produced up to four times the biomass of controls in 12 weeks. Broad spectrum changes in fertilization were necessary to produce mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal samples of equal size, and severely nutrient-limited mycorrhizal E. purpurea seedlings maintained growth rates comparable to well fertilized samples. Treatment with B. bassiana had minor and inconsistent effects on some plant growth parameters, and there were significant interactive effects with arbuscular mycorrhizae. Phytochemical concentrations in all metabolite classes tested responded significantly to inoculation with both classes of fungal endophytes. Changes were observed in various pigments, caffeic acid derivatives, alkylamides, and terpenes. Many of the affected compounds have important roles in metabolism or have bioactive value as natural products. When considered from a net production perspective (concentration X dry weight), compared to controls, plants inoculated with endophytes produced as much as 30 times the content of some compounds in 12 weeks. This work effectively demonstrates that fungal endophytes can enhance the bioactivity of plant tissues and the production of natural products in E. purpurea.
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Gualandi, Richard James Jr. "Fungal endophytes enhance growth and production of natural products in Echinacea purpurea (Moench.)." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/713.
Full textAbstract:
Echinacea purpurea is a native herbaceous perennial with substantial economic value for its medicinal and ornamental qualities. Arbuscular mycorrhizae are symbiotic fungi that form relationships with plant roots and are known to enhance growth in the host. Mycorrhizae and other fungal endophytes often affect stress resistance and secondary metabolism in the host, as well as the ecology of other endophytes in the plant. A newly emerging paradigm in sustainable biotechnique is the targeted use of fungal endophytes to enhance growth and secondary metabolism in crops. Many of the therapeutic compounds in E. purpurea could be affected by fungal colonization. In this research the effects of inoculation of Echinacea purpurea with two classes of fungal endophytes: the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices and Gigaspora margarita and the entomopathogenic endophyte Beauveria bassiana were evaluated . Endophyte colonization and impacts on plant growth and phytochemistry were tested in multiple greenhouse experiments. Arbuscular mycorrhizae and B. bassiana effectively colonized E. purpurea with some significant interactive effects. Consistent, substantial, and significant increases in all growth parameters were observed in mycorrhizal plants; mycorrhizal plants produced up to four times the biomass of controls in 12 weeks. Broad spectrum changes in fertilization were necessary to produce mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal samples of equal size, and severely nutrient-limited mycorrhizal E. purpurea seedlings maintained growth rates comparable to well fertilized samples. Treatment with B. bassiana had minor and inconsistent effects on some plant growth parameters, and there were significant interactive effects with arbuscular mycorrhizae. Phytochemical concentrations in all metabolite classes tested responded significantly to inoculation with both classes of fungal endophytes. Changes were observed in various pigments, caffeic acid derivatives, alkylamides, and terpenes. Many of the affected compounds have important roles in metabolism or have bioactive value as natural products. When considered from a net production perspective (concentration X dry weight), compared to controls, plants inoculated with endophytes produced as much as 30 times the content of some compounds in 12 weeks. This work effectively demonstrates that fungal endophytes can enhance the bioactivity of plant tissues and the production of natural products in E. purpurea.
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Huang, Shin-Jie, and 黃馨潔. "Detection and application of anther culture-derived plants of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67346612983848043243.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
102
Abstract Echinacea (Echinacea spp.), commonly known as coneflower, is a North American native genus of perennials plants. One species, E. purpurea or the purple coneflower, is a very popular ornamental and medicinal plant, and has been subject to intensive breeding efforts. Commercial production of Echinacea mainly propagated by seed, however, Echinacea with the characteristics of self-incompatibility and protandrous, mainly through insects as pollinator. For cross-pollinated plants, it might form a heterogeneous group, propagated by seed will lead to agronomic traits and composition variation, hard to control quality. In the present study, anther-derived plants of E. purpurea were evaluated by chromosome number examination of root-tip, flow cytometry, morphological character discrimination and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Results of chromosome number and chromosomal DNA content confirmed that all of anther-derived plantlets were diploid. Morphological traits showed that they were not identical in selfing progeny. ISSR analysis of parents, anther-derived plant, self and cross-pollinated offspring demonstrate that first lot of anther-derived plantlets were not a homogeneous doubled haploid. However, some of second lot of anther-derived plantlets could be potentially homogeneous doubled haploid by ISSR analysis. To evaluate the degree of self-incompatibility by index of self-incompatibility among first lot of selfing and crossing materials, results indicated that two plantlets and four plantlets belongs to completely self-incompatible and mostly self-incompatible, respectively.
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Chen, Ting-Yun, and 陳庭畇. "Characterization and identification of F1 hybrid in purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L. ) Moench)." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53705244048130662823.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
105
Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) is a North American native Echinacea genus (Asteraceae) of perennial plant. The major pharmacological activity compounds in Echinacea include alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives and polysaccharides, which known as the activities of antimicrobial, antivirus and immunostimulatory. Commercial production of Echinacea mainly propagated by seed. For cross-pollinated plants with the characters of self-incompatibility, it might produce a heterogeneous population and lead to agronomic traits, composition and quality variation. In order to improve the uniformity of population and increase medicinal value, it is need to develop the methods of anther culture and chromosome doubling which can produce the pure line of homozygous double haploid. Homozygous doubled haploid with selfincompatibility plants can be directly used in breeding programs for F1 hybrids to reduce the cost of emasculation and protect breed’s right. In the present study, anther-derived plants of E. purpurea were evaluated by chromosome number examination and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) detection of homogeneity. Results of chromosome number determination confirmed that all of anther-derived plantlets were diploid. AFLP analysis of parents, anther-derived plants, self and cross-pollinated offspring demonstrate that 17 anther-derived plants were a homozygous doubled haploid plants. Further analysis of self-progeny confirmed that 5 anther-derived plants were homogeneous double haploid plants. To evaluate the heterosis of F1 hybrids by AFLP analysis and their morphological characteristics, results indicated that even the F1 hybrids did not show the apparent hybrid vigor, the morphological characteristics of leave and stem revealed the uniformity among all progeny.
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Tzeng, Ren-Yu, and 曾仁禹. "Anther culture and doubled haploid plant induction of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench)." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65750370742114851538.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
98
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench is one of the major medicinal herbs that have continued to gain commercial interest worldwide owing to its antiviral, antibacterial and immunnostimulatory activities. As a out-crossing plant, the inbred line of E. purpurea is difficult to be established. Therefore, this experiment aims to use the technology of anther culture and chromosome doubling to produce the pure line of homozygous double haploid that could serve as the material of pedigree selection and increased the breeding efficiency. In the present study, storaged the capitulum with open involucres of 1 cm of E. purpurea at 4℃ for three days perior to using the different sugars (sucrose, maltose, glucose, fructose and mannitol) and different concentration (0.1 M, 0.3 M and 0.5 M) in the 25℃ or 30℃ for one to six days to test the effects of the pretreatment of osmotic stress on the proliferation of embryogenic callus. Plantlets were regenerated by culturing the callus on adjusted N6 basic medium containing 0.15 M sucrose, 2.22 μM N-6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.65 μM α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA).The regenerated haploid plants that dertermined by flow cytometer and chromosome counting in root tip cell were treated with colchicine (0.125, 0.375 and 0.625 mM) and oryzalin (15, 30 and 45μM) for one to three weeks to test the efficiency of chromosome doubling. It was found that treatment with 0.1 and 0.3 M sucrose, mannitol and glucose in 30℃for one to two days were the most efficient for induction of embryogenic callus, yielding 80% of embryogenic callus among all anther culture. Chimeras were observed in almost all the treatment of colchicine. However, the ratio of double haploid to chimeric plants was usually high in oryzalin treated with different concentration and duration. Comparison the surviral rate of haploid and diploid plants in vitro, there are no significant difference. Among the characteristics evaluated, the measurements based on stomata length, width and frequency could not provide a greater discrimination between haploid and diploid.
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Ransdell, Anthony S. "Investigating the Biosynthetic Pathways to Polyacetylenic Natural Products in Fistulina hepatica and Echinacea purpurea." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3442.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Polyacetylenic natural products, compounds containing multiple carbon-carbon triple bonds, have been found in a large collection of organisms. Radiochemical tracer studies have indicated that these bioactive metabolites are synthesized from fatty acid precursors through a series of uncharacterized desaturation and acetylenation steps. To date, there are three main pathways believed to be involved in acetylenic natural product biosynthesis. However, it is apparent that the crepenynic acid pathway is the origin of a vast majority of the known plant and fungal acetylenic products. This investigation provides concrete evidence that the polyacetylenic natural products found in the fungus Fistulina hepatica and the medicinal plant species Echinacea purpurea are biosynthesized from crepenynic acid. Through heterologous expression in Yarrowia lipolytica, two acetylenases capable of producing crepenynic acid were identified from E. purpurea. Furthermore, heterologous expression of two diverged desaturases isolated from F. hepatica, uncovered a ∆12-acetylenase and the first multifunctional enzyme capable of ∆14-/∆16- desaturation and ∆14-acetylenation.
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Coelho, Joana Filipa Pereira. "Chemical Characterization and Bioactivity of Aqueous and Organic Extracts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/9316.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis of Master of Science in BiochemistryEchinacea purpurea (L.) Moench is known for its medicinal properties such as antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral and cytotoxic, and it is the most known and used medicinal plan for its stimulating properties. E. purpurea can be used in infusions, tinctures or capsule forms and it is available on the market. The information about the cytotoxic activity of E. purpurea is scarce and this study was designed essentially to assesses the anticancer and antimicrobial properties of the plant. Five organic extracts were obtained by sequential extraction with different solvents and two aqueous extracts (decoction and infusion) of E. purpurea and it was determined and quantified their phenolic composition. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assessed against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, MRSA, MSSA and Candida albicans. The cytotoxicity activity was tested against several human cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (non-small cells lung cancer), HeLa (cervical carcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma). Additionally, the hepatotoxicity was tested against a non-tumor porcine liver primary cell line (PLP2). Concerning the phenolic composition, the methanol extract was the only organic extract that was rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, both aqueous extracts possessing a much bigger content of phenolic acids than flavonoids. In what respects antimicrobial activity, the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts showed moderate activity towards Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, MRSA, MSSA and Candida albicans. The dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts were the ones that stood out with great cytotoxicity against the tumor cell lines, but these extracts also showed some toxicity towards the PLP2 cell line. As the cytotoxic results were promising for the n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts, both extracts were fractionated by gradient elution column chromatography and their cytotoxicity as well as their hepatotoxicity were evaluated. With the fractionation of both extracts, fourteen fractions of the n-hexane extract and fifteen fractions of dichloromethane extract were obtained and their cytotoxicity as well as their hepatotoxicity was evaluated. All n-hexane fractions showed cytotoxic properties against HepG2 and only the last fraction of n- hexane extract didn’t show cytotoxicity towards NCI H460, HeLa and MCF-7. Five dichloromethane fractions didn’t show cytotoxicity against all tumour cell lines and only two fractions showed toxicity towards primary cell line of pork liver. In general, the cytotoxicity of the extracts was superior to that of the obtained fractions. Moreover, the phenolic compounds do not seem to contribute to the cytotoxic properties of n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts since these compounds were not detected.
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench é conhecida pelas suas propriedades medicinais, tais como, atividade anti-inflamatória, antioxidante, antimicrobiana, antiviral e citotóxica, e é a planta medicinal mais conhecida e usada para a estimulação do sistema imunitário. Ela está disponivel no mercado e pode ser usada sob a forma de infusões, tinturas ou capsulas. É escassa a informação sobre a atividade citotóxica da E. purpurea e este estudo foi projetado essencialmente para avaliar as propriedades anticancerígenas e antimicrobianas da planta. Cinco extractos organicos foram obtidos por extração sequencial com diferentes solventes e dois extractos aquosos (decocção e infusão) de E. purpurea e foi determinada e quantificada a sua composição fenólica. A atividade antimicrobiana dos extractos foi avaliada em Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Morganella morganii; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Enterococcus faecalis; Listeria monocytogenes; MRSA; MSSA e Candida albicans. A atividade citotóxica foi testada em várias células tumorais humanas: MCF7 (adenocarcinoma da mama), NCI-H460 (cancro do pulmão), HeLa (carcinoma do cérvix) e HepG2 (carcinoma hepatocelular). Adicionalmente, a hepatotoxicidade foi testada numa linha celular primária não tumoral de fígado de porco (PLP2). No que diz respeito à composição fenólica, o extrato de metanol foi o único extrato rico em ácido fenólicos e flavonoides, os extratos aquosos possuem um maior conteúdo de ácidos fenólicos do que de flavonoides. A respeito da atividade antimicrobiana, os extratos de diclorometano, acetato de etilo e acetona mostraram uma atividade moderada perante Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Morganella morganii; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Enterococcus faecalis; Listeria monocytogenes; MRSA; MSSA and Candida albicans. Os extratos de diclorometano e n-hexano foram os únicos que se destacaram com uma ótima citotoxicidade nas linhas celulares tumorais, mas estes extratos também mostraram alguma toxicidade perante a linha celular PLP2. Como os resultados da citotoxicidade foram promissores para os extratos de n-hexano e diclorometano, ambos foram fracionados por cromatografia em coluna de eluição em gradiente e a sua citotoxicidade assim como a sua hepatotoxicidade foi avaliada. Com o fracionamento de ambos os extratos, foram obtidas catorze frações do extrato de n-hexano e quinze do extrato de diclorometano e foi avaliada a sua citotoxicidade assim como a sua hepatotoxicidade. Todas as frações do extrato de n-hexano mostraram propriedades citotóxicas na linha celular HepG2 e só a última fração não mostrou possuir atividade citotóxica perante as linhas celulares NCI H460, HeLa e MCF-7. Cinco frações do extrato de diclorometano não mostraram possuir citotoxicidade e só duas frações mostraram toxicidade perante a linha primária. No geral, a citotoxicidade dos extratos foi superior do que a citotoxicidade obtida nas frações. Além disso, os compostos fenólicos parecem não contribuir para as propriedades citotóxicas dos extratos de n-hexano e diclorometano uma vez que não foram detetados compostos.
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Chen, Yi-Chun, and 陳怡君. "Effect of acclimatization on the quality of tissue culture plantlet of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/md4eup.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
106
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench is an emerging health crop with great production value. Echinacea is a cross-crop, which is characterized by large differences in traits and composition between individuals, which are difficult to control the quality of commercial production. Plant tissue culture propagation of Echinacea purpurea seedlings can maintain the stability of commercial quality, but the proliferation rate of tissue culture seedlings caused by low production costs, the urgent need to improve Echinacea tissue culture efficiency and quality of tissue culture. In this experiment, two types of light source :LED lamp, fluorescent lamp and three kinds of bottle cap ventilation :cork, 3M ventilation tape, aluminum foil were used to deal with the tissue culture seedlings in the rooting stage. Three kinds of bottle opening time before opening the bottle (opening the bottle for 0 days, opening the bottle for 3 days, opening the bottle for 6 days) and water, liquid wax. To explore the domestication of Echinacea seedlings. The effects of different light sources and three kinds of caps on the growth characteristics of tissue culture seedlings showed that the fluorescent-treated plants were elongated and slim, while the LED lamp-treated seedlings were more robust. The plant height, root length, root number, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf chlorophyll content, whole plant starch content under the LED lamp treatment had significant differences compared with fluorescent lamp conditions. Different cap ventilation did not affect the morphological development and growth characteristics of tissue culture seedlings. In addition, the effects of opening cap and external pretreatment on the growth characteristics of tissue culture seedlings were investigated. The results showed that the leaf number, root length, chlorophyll content, carbohydrate content and whole plant starch content were significantly different The difference was that the survival rate was the best for 6 days after opening the caps, and the survival rate was as high as 91%. Under water or liquid wax treatment, the root length and number of roots were both higher than that of delamination and free radical, and the survival rate of liquid wax was 100% can get better seedlings.
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FUHRMANNOVÁ, Barbora. "Vliv elicitačního působení biologických hnojiv na obsah účinných látek v rostlině Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-45595.
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楊雅婷. "Dry extract of Echinacea purpurea and caffeic acid effect the fatty liver formation in zebrafich." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46829711445301005255.
Full textAbstract:
碩士弘光科技大學
生物科技研究所
97
The fatty liver disease is a popular disease in Taiwan. Many people eat by an abnormal dietary or misuse medicine and get the fatty liver (steatosis) unknowingly and easily. This study tries to address the common Chinese herbal Echinacea purpura content-caffeic acid to reduce the adult zebrafish which get fatty liver symptom already. Echinacea purpura is an anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and immunomodulatory properties; the same effects in its content- caffeic acid. First, we must induce fatty liver symptom in adult zebrafish by butter (Saturated fatty acid) high-fat diets. The percentage of butter had divided into three parts, include 0%, 8%, 13%, and feed for one month and more; start to treat the caffeic acid and Echinacea purpura into the different butter treatment of zebrafish after one month. The amounts of 99 zebrafishs were divided into 11 parts: 0% butter control group, 0% butter plus 2.5% Echinacea purpura treatment group, 0% butter plus 5% Echinacea purpura treatment group, 0% butter plus 0.075mg/ml caffeic acid treatment group and 0% butter plus 0.15mg/ml caffeic acid treatment group; 8% butter control group, 8% butter plus 2.5% Echinacea purpura treatment group, 8% butter plus 5% Echinacea purpura treatment group, 8% butter plus 0.075mg/ml caffeic acid treatment group and 8% butter plus 0.15mg/ml caffeic acid treatment group; 13% butter feeding group. Feed Echinacea purpura twice daily and change the caffice acid solution once daily. Another way, we choose the transgenic zebrafish to be animal model, too. Control, 2.5% Echinacea purpura treatment group, 5% Echinacea purpura treatment group, 0.075mg/ml caffeic acid treatment group and 0.15mg/ml caffeic acid treatment group. After feeding butter for one month, we use QPCR to screen the related genes about fatty liver：adiponectin, Apoa1, TNF. The result shows that 8% butter up-regulate of adiponectin, Apoa1 and TNF and it increases fatty liver symptom by cryo-section. So we decide the 8% butter to feed zebrafish for one month and feed Echinacea purpura caffeic acid for 15 days. The result of cryo-section, 0.15mg/ml caffeic acid increase fat in hepatocyte and others are decreased. The QPCR results of gene level about adiponectin, Apoa1, TNFare decreased with all three genes.
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Lee, Chi-Chih, and 李奇芝. "Effects of Echinacea Purpurea Ethanol Extract on Male Reproductive Function with Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rats." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zu58k9.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
103
As lifestyle changes, the prevalence of diabetes increases every year. Diabetes-induced male reproductive dysfunction is predominantly due to increased oxidative stress, and then result in sperm damage and infertility. Echinacea purpurea, the North America herbal medicine, have traditionally been used for immune-modulatory, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-viral function and prevention from common cold. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a critical role in innate immune responses leading to NF-κB phosphorylation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). However, relation between Echinacea purpurea and TLR4 remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects on male reproduction of Echinacea purpurea ethanol extract (EPE) against diabetic rats, and whether the anti-inflammatory effects were through TLR4 pathway. Diabetic male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were induced by nicotinamide (230 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). EPE was tested in three doses (93, 279 and 465 mg/kg p.o. daily) for 4 weeks. Besides, metformin administration (100 mg/kg/day) was treated as the positive control. Results indicated that EPE administration about 4 weeks improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. In addition, EPE ameliorated sperm motility, morphology, DNA integrity and keeping mitochondrial membrane potential as well as plasma testosterone level and protein for testosterone synthesis enzyme. In plasma or testis anti-oxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione (GSH) were increased whereas pro-inflammatory cytokines NO, IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased. Beside, testis protein content of TLR4 and downstream phospho-NF-κB p65 were reduced. The EPE might reduce production of pro-inflammatory cytokine via TLR4 pathways and improve diabetes-induced male infertility.
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Zhang, Xiu-Ru, and 張修如. "Modulation of Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Male Rat Reproductive function with Micro-Nanoencapsulated Echinacea purpurea Ethanol Extract." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/762e4w.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
106
Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem that affects patient’s life quality throughout the world due to its many complications. It is recognized that chronic hyperglycemia with oxidative stress causes male infertility. Echinacea purpurea ethanol extract (EE), which contain phenolic acid and isobutylamides, had been proven to ameliorate diabetic complications. Chitosan/silica nanoparticles (Nano) has drug delivery and control release properties. This study aims to investigate whether chitosan/silica encapsulated EE (Nano-EE) enhance amelioration of male infertility. Our results indicated that the average nanoparticle size of Nano-EE were 218 ± 42 nm with encapsulation ratio of 66.9%. The antioxidant activity of Nano-EE was also confirmed. Nano-EE reduced the oxidative stress in LC-540 cell. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to diabetes by STZ (33 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with Nano (465 mg/kg), Nano-EE (93, 279, 465 mg/kg) and metformin (Met) (200 mg/kg) as a positive control for 7 weeks.Nano-EE5 can improve hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and plasma FGF 21 resistance. Nano-EE5 significantly improved the HPG axis, increasing sperm quality, plasma testosterone level and DNA integrity as well as reducing reactive oxygen species level. In addition of Nano-EE5 administration, plasma antioxidant enzymes GSH and SOD was increased, whereas pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased. In conclusion, nanoencapsulated technology improved male infertility with similar results to Lee (2015) under the dose of 465 mg/kg BW.
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Lin, I.-Pei, and 林依霈. "Studies on anther and microspore cultures and root tip karyotype examination of purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea L.)." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59440233745586531594.
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碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
97
Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) is one of the most popular health protection herbs recently and it is a cross-pollinated crop with dominant self-incompatibility. Considering the heavy burden of purification of inbred line via self-pollination in a long schedule, we tried to employ anther culture to get doubled-haploid plants. To promote efficiency the microspore culture was studied for avoiding paying attention to dissect where the regenerated plants were derived from. Furthermore, karyotype examination protocol was developed to aim at coneflower plantlets in vitro. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Observation of regenerated plantlets The regenerated plantlets were categorized into six levels according to size. Characters including plant heights, stomata sizes and densities, chlorophyll contents of leaves, diameters of root’s elongation region and karyotype examination for chromosome numbers of root tips were collected to study the relationships between those and size levels. The results indicated no obvious relationship could be followed and the karyotype examination for chromosome number was the most reliable criterion. One of the reasons for the results is the majority of regenerated plantlets are diploids and this phenomenon indicated that it were very important to make sure the regenerated plantlets derived from right places. 2. Protocol of karyotype examination The optimum time of sampling root tips for karyotype examination was changing monthly. Root tips treated with 0.08% colchicine and then fixed in Farmer’s solution brought a better effect on examination. The fixed root tips were stained and softened at the same time by adding aceto-carmine and heated directly up to boiling for 10 minutes, and then 1 ml 10% pectinase was added and kept at 37℃ for 10 minutes. After that, a satisfactory karyotype examination of squashed sample would be obtained. 3. Microspore culture The microspores cocultured with ovaries, refered to wheat microspore culture, were tested and this is reported first for composite crop. The modified N6 medium with 77 g/l sucrose and pH 5.8 was better than other media in terms of emergence frequency of enlarged microspores. The enlarged microspores and dividing microspores appeared after culturing for 30 days and 60 days, respectively. The effect of adding 10 ovaries in coculture on emergence of enlarged microspores was 38.9% (21/54) in contrast to check with 22.2% (8/36). While the effect of 0.9 µM and 1.4 µM 2, 4-D were 17.8% (8/45) and 46.7% (21/45), respectively. Though it is unable to form microcallus in microspore cultures, the results did show some chances to promote it.