Academic literature on the topic 'Échelon international'
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Journal articles on the topic "Échelon international"
Drouin, Renée-Claude. "Les accords-cadres internationaux : enjeux et portée d’une négociation collective transnationale." Le droit sans la loi? 47, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 703–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043909ar.
Full textDelpla, Isabelle. "Une échelle européenne pour la justice internationale ?" Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest N° 45, no. 3 (December 23, 2014): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/receo.453.0075.
Full textDelpla, Isabelle. "Une échelle européenne pour la justice internationale ?" Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest 45, no. 03-04 (December 2014): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4074/s0338059914003040.
Full textCrochemore, Kevin. "Le paradoxe syndical européen : les tensions entre échelons européen et international au sein de la fédération internationale des travailleurs des transports." Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest N°4, no. 4 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/receo1.504.0041.
Full textBourassa, Jennifer. "Psychosocial interventions and mass populations." International Social Work 52, no. 6 (October 23, 2009): 743–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872809342646.
Full textCretin, Thierry. "Mafias." Études Tome 407, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.073.0153.
Full textDierendonck, Christophe, and Annick Fagnant. "Approche par compétences et évaluation à large échelle : deux logiques incompatibles ?" Mesure et évaluation en éducation 37, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 43–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034583ar.
Full textFayolle, Jacky, and Paul-Emmanuel Micolet. "Cycles internationaux : éléments pour une problématique appliquée." Revue de l'OFCE 62, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 109–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reof.p1997.62n1.0109.
Full textMichel-Kerjan, Erwann. "Terrorisme à grande échelle partage de risques et politiques publiques." Revue d'économie politique 113, no. 5 (2003): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/redp.135.0625.
Full textBurnod, Perrine, Hermine Papazian, Amandine Adamczewski, Pierre-Marie Bosc, Jean-Philippe Tonneau, and Jean-Yves Jamin. "Régulations des investissements agricoles à grande échelle." Afrique contemporaine 237, no. 1 (2011): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afco.237.0111.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Échelon international"
Tran, Dac Khoa. "Systèmes d'information communautaires : cas du transport international de Fret." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1996. https://pastel.hal.science/tel-00529484.
Full textCatanzaro, Alexis. "Influence des Services d’Accompagnement à l'Export sur les ressources et la performance internationale des Exportatrices Précoces." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10040/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on Export Support Services offered by the public and semi-public actors. Public authorities are questioning the effectiveness of these services. The literature reports conflicting results on this issue, especially because of the lack of a valid measure of export support which makes it difficult to compare results. This difficulty is exacerbated by the diversity of firms supported. Indeed, the services was thought to firm with internationalization by stages. Yet it appears that Early Exporters, the most common but also the most fragile type of International New Ventures, use the same services. Therefore, two questions arise; first, how to measure the export support received by the firm and, secondly, the question of the effectiveness of the Export Support Services for Early Exporters. To answer the first question, a process of construction of a scale measurement of Export Support based on the Churchill paradigm (1979) is implemented. An exploratory study was conducted with thirteen support export actors and five companies to make measurement items. Then 288 questionnaires of supported firms are harvested and used to test the psychometric properties of the scale. This approach results in a multidimensional measurement scale with nine items and distinguishing informational, operational and financial Export Support. This tool can measure more accurately Export Support Services used by the firm. To answer the second question, the theory of resources is mobilized to identify the strategic resources of Early Exporters and influence that different types of Export Support can have on them. These relationships lead to a conceptual model tested by the method of structural equation from 196 questionnaires of supported companies. It shows that the Export Support Services are less effective for Early Exporters, especially with regard to the financial support that has no influence on their international performance. The results thus highlight the need to develop new services to effectively support Early Exporters. Several proposals are made in this direction
Shallari, Anila. "Les zones humides d'Albanie : transmission des normes internationales et européennes en matière environnementale en Albanie et dans les Balkans occidentaux. Le cas de cinq zones humides : Shkodra, Karavasta, Narta, Butrinti et Prespa." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967139.
Full textAl, Dabaghy Camille. "La fabrique transnationale d'une échelle de gouvernement : la commune à Madagascar et à Diégo-Suarez sous la Troisième République (1993-2010)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0183.
Full textDecentralization reforms, water management, household waste management, roads, markets, civil status, etc.: under the Third Republic, development aid focused on most of the policies or services that count in the process of rebuilding the municipal institution, introduced by the colonial administration at the end of the 19th century but abolished between 1973 and 1993. The survey focuses on this increasing and combined transnationalisation of decentralisation policy and municipal public action in the 1990s and 2000s. On the basis of archival and ethnographic materials, it re-establishes this process in the average time of the colonial government, examines its recent modalities and questions its effects on the dual level of the figure of the communal institution and the political capacity of the communes, as they appear in the centre, for all the communes, and in Diego Suarez, for a particular urban commune. The thesis first describes the work of aid production and public action at the increasingly numerous and fragmented interfaces between aid organisations and domestic administrations. It shows that aid has become part of the internal division of administrative and political work of government, that the struggles between Malagasy aid and public actors and the domestic struggles between Malagasy political and administrative actors for the control of public action have been established, that these struggles are regulated by a shared grammar of sovereign decision-making under the aid regime. The survey also shows that the repeated and multiplied play of aid has resulted in the pre-eminence gradually acquired in the reconstruction of the municipality, at both national and local level, by Malagasy political and administrative elites who cumulate, diachronically or symbolically, positions in aid and positions in public administrations. They are elites who embody, legitimize and defend the transnationalization of public action. Finally, it shows that the municipal councils of a city like Diego Suarez have been well engaged in strategies to build their capacity to act on aid dependency. But that, if the aid interventions have affected the figure of the communal institution, the very functioning of the municipal organization, it is without significantly increasing its political capacity. Nothing is truly institutionalized about the access of municipal actors to the resources that would allow them to decide and act accordingly
Guillou, Arnaud. "Détermination de la constante de Boltzmann au plus haut niveau d’exactitude par spectroscopie acoustique dans un résonateur quasi sphérique : Vers une nouvelle définition de l’unité internationale de température." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0843/document.
Full textSince 2005, there is an important interest in the international metrology community fornew accurate determinations of the Boltzmann constant kB ; the purpose is to redefine in2015 the unit of thermodynamic temperature, the kelvin. Currently, five techniques areimplemented for determining kB with the objective to achieve a relative uncertainty below1 × 10−6. The method used in the present work is based on acoustic measurements.The Boltzmann constant is linked to the speed of sound u in a noble gas by the virial acousticalequation. The method described here consists in measuring u inside a quasi-sphericalacoustic resonator of inner volume of 0.5 L filled with argon. Measurements are performedduring an isotherm process at the temperature of the triple point of water, T = 273.16 K,at static pressures P from 0.05 MPa to 0.7 MPa. The Boltzmann constant is then determinedby estimating u at zero pressure limit with a polynomial regression.In the present work an acoustic wave propagation model within a quasi-spherical resonatoris defined. Also, the technical means used to carefully control the parameters of theexperiment with an effect on the measurement of u (like temperature, static pressure, gascomposition, etc.) are presented. New exprimental methods and data analyses are described,like the measurement of the radius of the resonator by electromagnetic spectroscopy,as well as the use of the Allan deviation as an efficient tool to study the gas impuritypresence during a long-term experience. Systematic effects are analyzed and corrected. Insome cases the corrections are based on analytical models like the thermal layer boundaryeffect. In other cases, empirical correction functions are proposed, as for the case of changesin the measurements of u related to the continuous gas flow, which was experimentally characterizedin the present work.Finally, the analysis of the data acquiered in 2009 at LCM/LNE-CNAM during two isothermprocesses using argon is presented. This leads to the value kB = 1.3806475 (16) ×10−23 J · K−1, i.e. with a relative uncertainty of 1.14 × 10−6
Bourson, Frédéric. "Dissémination de la température thermodynamique par des points fixes à haute température : vers une nouvelle mise en pratique du kelvin." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1147/document.
Full textResearch dedicated to high-temperature-fixed-points (HTFPs) have been intensified since 1996, further to a recommendation of the Consultative Committee for Thermometry to develop references above 2000 °C. National Laboratories of Metrology envolved in the development of HTFPs based on metal-carbon alloys. These fixed points showed phase transitions at reproducible temperatures independently to the proportion of carbon in the metal. The international projects that followed the first developments allowed increasing the robustness and the long-term stability of the fixed points and highlighted the importance of the thermal conditions of implementation. Today these fixed points show a reproducibility of about 0.1 °C and are on the way to strengthen the accuracy of radiation thermometry measurements at high temperatures, up to now, limited by the uncertainty of the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90). A project to measure the thermodynamic temperature of the most studied HTFPs by a radiometric method was recently led. Results of this absolute measurement is a step towards the future mise en pratique of the kelvin at high temperature, by a direct dissemination of the thermodynamic temperature without any link to the ITS-90. This document describes the main steps from the conception of these new references, up to the measurement of their thermodynamic temperature
González-Chavarría, Alexander. "Requerimientos de innovación institucional para la regulación y cumplimiento efectivo de los derechos humanos a nivel doméstico. Lecciones de la evolución del modelo de regulación de los derechos humanos en Colombia en el período 2006-2014." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA056/document.
Full textIn this research, I take as object of study the changes in the regulation model of the human rights problematic in Colombia in the period 2006-2014. Specifically, I focus on the analysis of the two main results of this process of change. First, the formulation of the Integral policy of human rights and international humanitarian law (IPHR-IHL), which began to be discussed in 2006 and was finally issued in 2013. Second, the design and implementation of the National system of human rights of the Colombian State (NSHRC), created in 2011 and which integrated in 2014 the IPHR-IHL as normative framework. These two results define the current state of the regulation model. On the one hand, a public policy negotiated and concerted upon an intersectorial and multi-agent schema, with the participation of both state and non-state actors, which was integrated into the functioning of the NSHRC. On the other hand, the re-concentration of the regulation functions in the Colombian state, leaving little room to the non-state actors for their political influence. This current state of the human rights regulation model in Colombia is the main result that I want to analyze and explain in this research.In this process, several actors have taken an active role from different areas of the international development cooperation with Colombia, and also the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights based in Colombia (OHCHR-C). This allowed that both the process of change in the regulation model and the two central outcomes of this process were directly related to and determined by the international dynamics, especially the dynamics proper to the international system of human rights centered at the United Nations (ISHR-UN). This system has undergone significant changes during the first decade of the 2000s that led to the generation of new requirements in terms of regulation and fulfillment of the human rights normativity at the national level. As far as the Colombian state is part of the ISHR-UN and that, therefore, the domestic evolution of the regulatory model is partly determined by the dynamics of this international regime, we must take into account these new regulatory requirements generated at the international scale for the analysis of the processes of change in the regulation model at the domestic level in Colombia
En esta investigación tomo como objeto de estudio los cambios en el modelo de regulación de la problemática de derechos humanos en Colombia en el período 2006-2014. Específicamente, me enfoco en el análisis de los dos principales resultados de este proceso de cambio. Primero, la formulación de la Política Integral de Derechos Humanos y Derecho Internacional Humanitario (PIDH-DIH), que se empezó a discutir en el año 2006 y se formuló finalmente en el año 2013. Segundo, el diseño e implementación del Sistema Nacional de Derechos Humanos del Estado Colombiano (SNDHC), creado en el año 2011, al cual se integró la PIDH-DIH como marco normativo en el año 2014. Estos dos resultados definen el estado actual del modelo de regulación: una política pública concertada en un esquema intersectorial multiagente (agentes estatales y agentes no estatales) e integrada al funcionamiento del SNDHC, cuyo diseño institucional concentró la función de regulación en el Estado, dejando poco margen de incidencia política a los agentes no estatales. Este estado actual del modelo de regulación de los derechos humanos en Colombia es el principal resultado que busco analizar y explicar en esta investigación.En este proceso tomaron parte activa, entre otros, varios sectores de la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo con Colombia, así como la Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos con sede en Colombia (OACNUDH-C). Esto permitió que tanto el proceso de cambio en el modelo de regulación como los dos resultados centrales de este proceso se conectarán y estuvieran directamente determinados por dinámicas internacionales, particularmente las dinámicas propias del Sistema Internacional de Derechos Humanos centrado en las Naciones Unidas (SIDH-ONU). Este sistema experimentó cambios normativos e institucionales de importancia en la primera década de los años 2000 que generaron nuevos requerimientos en materia de regulación y cumplimiento de los derechos humanos a nivel doméstico. En la medida en que el Estado colombiano hace parte del SIDH-ONU y, por tanto, la evolución doméstica del modelo de regulación está parcialmente determinada por las dinámicas de este régimen internacional, para abordar el análisis del cambio en el modelo de regulación en Colombia debo tomar en cuenta estos nuevos requerimientos de regulación generados a nivel internacional
Fournier, Johanne. "Les problèmes posés par la multiplicité de lois applicables dans les recours collectifs internationaux engagés à la suite d'accidents à grande échelle." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3235.
Full textWhen a catastrophic accident occurs, involving numerous victims from different states, we could, instinctively believe that justice will be best served by consolidation of all claims arising from such event. However, this idea isn’t completely right... Ironically, while catastrophic accident is a collective event, the claims pertaining such event remain a personal right of action. Therefore, the court might select the law applicable to each claim in accordance with its own conflict of laws rules. Because those rules aren't similar among states, the law applicable to each claim will differ accordingly. Consequently, the judge hearing a multi-state class action pertaining the same event will need to deal with multiplicity of laws. Historically, American federal courts have almost systematically rejected consolidation of claims when a multiplicity of laws appears. Many solutions to overwhelm problems arising from multiplicity of laws have been raised by the legal communauty. To date, none of those solutions seems perfect. It brings the conclusion that the idea of an international class action to resolve in a single lawsuit, all claims resulting from a single accident, might be an utopia. However, efficiency of class actions proceedings remains. As soon as litigants determine, prior to the certification request, the law applicable to each individual claims, in accordance with the relevant conflict-of-laws rules, in order to join all claims that are similarly conducted by the same law. In doing so, problems related to diversity of laws in class actions are avoided.
Alioum. "Utilisation d’une approche écologique pour l’analyse des résultats d'évaluations standardisées : cas des performances en lecture aux tests PASEC2014-Cameroun." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25218.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to support the use of an ecological approach for the analysis of standardized data assessment. This study is implimented by Latent Classes Analysis (ACL) with covariables on the test reading data of the « Programme d’Analyse des Systèmes Éducatifs de la CONFEMEN » (PASEC) french-speaking students of 6th grade primary school in Cameroon (N = 617) and shows how this approach can change the way we interpret the results of this study. Indeed, Standardized Large Scale Assessments (ELE) programs aim to appraise the learning and skills of individuals and provide decision support data in many countries (Hogan, 2017 ; Loye, 2011; Wagemaker, 2014). In the context of these ELEs, performance is estimated solely based on the responses provided by the candidates and therefore of their cognitive abilities (Zumbo et al, 2015). Yet a growing body of research suggests viewing test performance as a phenomenon that occurs in an interconnected network of knowledge, individual characteristics, and particular contexts (McNamara, 2007 ; McNamara and Roever, 2006 ; Mislevy, 2018 ; Zumbo et al. , 2015). The ecological approach, which is part of this perspective, is interested in the contextual, social and cultural hypotheses when estimating the performance of a test (McNamara and Roever, 2006 ; McNamara, 2007 ; Zumbo et al, 2015). Our results highlight reading performance ecologies that vary by region. In each of these ecologies, the reading performance profiles that emerge depend on the characteristics of the students and the characteristics of the school and out-of-school environments in which they operate. We therefore put the emphasis on the situated character of the performances on a test allowing a fairer reading of the performances of the different candidates. In doing so, we formulate recommendations that take into account the contextual realities of applicants, unlike the standard recommendations often made following ELE results.
Books on the topic "Échelon international"
Delval, Anne-Sophie. L’internationalisation des écoles hôtelières suisses. Attirer les étudiant·e·s fortuné·e·s du monde entier. Éditions Alphil-Presses universitaires suisses, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33055/alphil.03179.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Échelon international"
Momzikoff-Markoff, Sophie. "Chapitre III. Gravir les échelons, toucher les hautes sphères. Entre nouveaux enjeux internationaux et fermeture idéologique (1964-1968)." In Les hommes de Gorbatchev, 77–103. Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.psorbonne.88185.
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