Academic literature on the topic 'Échelles biologiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Échelles biologiques":
Corruble, Emmanuelle. "Méthodes d’évaluation : échelles, paramètres cliniques et biologiques." Therapies 60, no. 5 (September 2005): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2515/therapie:2005069.
Loyem, Nathalie Lando, Nobert Tohnain Lengha, and Christopher Tankou Mubeteneh. "Agriculture biologique : Nécessité d’appropriation par les producteurs et attitudes des consommateurs au Moungo-Cameroun." Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences 16, no. 1 (October 13, 2020): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jcas.v16i1.3.
St-Laurent, Martin-Hugues, Limoilou-Amélie Renaud, Mathieu Leblond, and David Beauchesne. "Synthèse des connaissances relatives aux impacts des routes sur l’écologie du caribou." Les routes et la grande faune 136, no. 2 (May 11, 2012): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1009105ar.
HOCH, T., P. PRADEL, and J. AGABRIEL. "Modélisation de la croissance de bovins : évolution des modèles et applications." INRAE Productions Animales 17, no. 4 (October 5, 2004): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2004.17.4.3605.
Usseglio-Polatera, P., S. Thomas, J. N. Beisel, and J. C. Moreteau. "Illustration de la valeur indicatrice des caractéristiques biologiques des macroinvertébrés d'une communauté benthique à différentes échelles d'observation." Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 35, no. 1 (March 1999): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/1999014.
Assani, A. A., T. Buffin-Bélanger, and A. G. Roy. "Analyse d'impacts d'un barrage sur le régime hydrologique de la rivière Matawin (Québec, Canada)." Revue des sciences de l'eau 15, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 557–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705469ar.
Benest, Fabienne, Jonathan Carruthers-Jones, and Adrien Guetté. "Travaux actuels d'inventaire des forêts à forte naturalité à l'échelle nationale et européenne." Revue forestière française 73, no. 2-3 (March 30, 2022): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revforfr.2021.5467.
Bouget, Christophe, Jérémy Cours, and Aurélien Sallé. "Forêts en crise et biodiversité : menaces et opportunités. Effets des dépérissements et de leur gestion sur la biodiversité forestière." Revue forestière française 74, no. 2 (June 23, 2023): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revforfr.2023.7594.
Rouillon, F., T. Lemperiere, E. Ansart, I. Mowszowicz, F. Zoghbi, and J. C. Legrand. "Modifications hormonales et dépression du post-partum." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 3, no. 6 (1988): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00002261.
Tournay, Virginie, Marie-Odile Ott, Dörte Bemme, and Christelle Routelous. "La United Kingdom Stem Cell Bank." Sociologie et sociétés 42, no. 2 (January 20, 2011): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045365ar.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Échelles biologiques":
Nguepedja, Nankep Mac jugal. "Modélisation stochastique de systèmes biologiques multi-échelles et inhomogènes en espace." Thesis, Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENSR0012/document.
The growing needs of precise predictions for complex systems lead to introducing stronger mathematical models, taking into account an increasing number of parameters added to time: space, stochasticity, scales of dynamics. Combining these parameters gives rise to spatial --or spatially inhomogeneous-- multiscale stochastic models. However, such models are difficult to study and their simulation is extremely time consuming, making their use not easy. Still, their analysis has allowed one to develop powerful tools for one scale models, among which are the law of large numbers (LLN) and the central limit theorem (CLT), and, afterward, to derive simpler models and accelrated algorithms. In that deduction process, the so-called hybrid models and algorithms have arisen in the multiscale case, but without any prior rigorous analysis. The question of hybrid approximation then shows up, and its consistency is a particularly important motivation of this PhD thesis.In 2012, criteria for hybrid approximations of some homogeneous regulation gene network models were established by Crudu, Debussche, Muller and Radulescu. The aim of this PhD thesis is to complete their work and generalize it afterward to a spatial framework.We have developed and simplified different models. They all are time continuous pure jump Markov processes. The approach points out the conditions allowing on the the one hand deterministic approximations by solutions of evolution equations of type reaction-advection-diffusion, and, on the other hand, hybrid approximations by hybrid stochastic processes. In the field of biochemical reaction networks, we establish a CLT. It corresponds to a hybrid approximation of a simplified homogeneous model (due to Crudu et al.). Then a LLN is obtained for a spatial model with two time scales. Afterward, a hybrid approximation is established, for a two time-space scales spatial model. Finally, the asymptotic behaviour in large population and long time are respectively presented for a model of cholera epidemic, through a LLN followed by the upper bound for compact sets, in the context of a corresponding large deviation principle (LDP).Interesting future works would be, among others, to study other spatial geometries, to generalize the CLT, to complete the LDP estimates, and to study complex systems from other fields
Trebulle, Pauline. "Modélisation multi-échelles de réseaux biologiques pour l’ingénierie métabolique d'un châssis biotechnologique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA022/document.
Metabolism defines the set of biochemical reactions within an organism, allowing it to survive and adapt to different environments. Regulating these reactions requires complex processes involving many effectors interacting together at different scales.Developing models of these regulatory networks is therefore an essential step in better understanding the precise mechanisms governing living systems and ultimately enabling the design of synthetic, self-regulating and adaptive systems at the genome level. As part of this interdisciplinary work, we propose to use an iterative network inference and interrogation approach to guide the engineering of the metabolism of the yeast of industrial interest Yarrowia lipolytica.Based on transcriptomic data, the first network for the regulation of adaptation to nitrogen limitation and lipid production in this yeast was inferred.The interrogation of this network has then allowed to to highlight and experimentally validate the impact of several regulators on lipid accumulation. In order to further explore the relationships between regulation and metabolism, a new method, CoRegFlux, has been proposed for the prediction of metabolic phenotype based on the influence profiles of regulators in the studied conditions. This R package, available on the Bioconductor platform, was then used to better understand adaptation to nitrogen limitation and to identify phenotypes of interest for strain engineering, particularly for the production of lipids and amino acid derivatives such as violacein.Thus, through an iterative approach, this work provides new insights into the interactions between regulation and metabolism in Y. lipolytica, conserved regulatory module in this yeast and contributes to the development of innovative integrative methods for computer-assisted strain design
Puech, Camille. "Hétérogénéité des pratiques agricoles biologiques et conventionnelles dans les paysages bretons : effets sur les communautés d'insectes auxiliaires à différentes échelles." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S117/document.
Due to the loss of biodiversity and increasing food insecurity, modern agriculture must evolve toward a more sustainable management of agricultural landscapes. Organic Farming (OF) is considered as a promising solution to meet this challenge. Organic practices are indeed generally more favorable to pest natural enemies than Conventional Farming (CF), suggesting that pesticides could be replaced by biological control. However, studies evaluating these effects are contradictory, probably because they do not consider the diversity of practices implemented in OF and CF. On a broader scale, practices have rarely been considered in the description of landscape heterogeneity, although the nature and configuration of farmland must affect species. The target of this PhD work is to evaluate the effects of the diversity and spatial organization of organic and conventional farming practices on insect natural enemies, at field and landscape scales. A fieldwork was conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Brittany. Forty pairs of organic and conventional winter wheat fields were selected, distributed along a landscape gradient of OF area. In each field, aphid natural enemies (ladybirds, carabid beetles, parasitoids) were sampled. We interviewed farmers to characterize farming practices implemented in fields and their surrounding landscape. We observed a wide diversity of farming practices in OF and CF. At field scale, effects of practices on the diversity of natural enemies were strong, OF being overall more favorable. Considering a finer description of practices allowed us identifying those really affecting insects, and showing they can be enhanced regardless of the farming type. At landscape scale, we found no effect of the OF area and configuration on natural enemies. With a more detailed description of practices, we however highlighted the importance of some farming strategies, at some scales. Based on these results, we open up avenues to manage agricultural landscapes. Methodological issues related to the description of farming practices on large areas are also discussed
Blanck, Aurélie. "Variabilité des traits d'histoire de vie de poissons d'eau douce Européens à différentes échelles spatiales et niveaux biologiques : (population et espèce)." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10071.
The objective of improving understanding of life-history traits of organisms and their variation is recurrent in ecology. It is now widely accepted that environmental constraints in freshwaters play a key role in life-history trait variations in fish. In this context, this work aims to study the relationships between life-history traits of European freshwater fish and their environment focusing on different biological levels (population and species) and different spatial scales (continental, regional and local scales). Using biological and environmental data from published sources at the European scale and from field work in the Rhone river basin, this work illustrates (1) the effect of temperature at the continental and regional scales on several population traits, that are not confirmed for all species and (2) the weak effect of hydraulics at the continental and regional scales on population traits. By contrast, this work identifies more important relationships between hydraulics and traits than between temperature and traits at the species level. Microhabitat hydraulics seems to provide a template for species ecological strategies with fast-flowing and shallow microhabitats (riffles) selecting opportunistic species. The comparison between the intraspecific variation in traits and the interspecific variation in traits illustrates the relevance of using traits estimated at the species level and at the regional scale, and traits such as fecundity and traits associated with body size estimated at the species level from literature, in interspecific and inter-communities comparative approaches. By integrating variation of multiple traits in different biological levels and at different spatial scales, my thesis provides interesting elements for ecologists of different disciplines such as population biology and dynamics, species biology, community ecology and evolutionary ecology
Grulois, Daphné. "Etude de la dispersion et du recrutement à différentes échelles spatiales chez Undaria pinnatifida, une macro-algue introduite le long des côtes bretonnes." Paris 6, 2010. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-01111061.
Weil, Sarah Sophie. "Le rôle des traits des espèces dans la dispersion à différentes échelles - de la compréhension du passé profond aux processus actuels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2023GRALV030.pdf.
A pressing challenge in ecology is to unravel the mechanisms that underlie the distribution of life at a global scale. Rare dispersal events across biogeographic barriers and establishment in new regions are central to this: these events determine the distribution of both the dispersing species and of species in the receiving community, and they can open opportunities for speciation. On smaller scales, dispersal is integral to species’ persistence, allowing them to respond to changes in their environment directly through movement or indirectly through adaptation. Not all species have the same ability to disperse and establish. Better understanding these differences has gained new urgency today if we are to accurately assess risks, challenges and conservation opportunities in the context of biological invasions, land-use and climate change. Species’ traits are thought to be an important factor in successful dispersal. For example, large species are often better dispersers than small species, and plants with seeds that can float are more likely to disperse over island archipelagos than those with seeds that sink. However, there have been few tests of theory on how species traits might support dispersal at large biogeographic scales. In this thesis, I combine biogeographic, macroecological and macroevolutionary approaches to identify the role of body size and life-history traits in dispersal, and to test the transferability of trait-dispersal relationships across scales. First, I quantify and compare the role of traits in biogeographic histories of 56 tetrapod clades. Second, I discuss in a conceptual synthesis if and how information from macroevolutionary and biogeographic studies can be used to better understand species present-day biological invasions, as well as present-day extinction risk due to changing environmental conditions. Third, I test conceptual considerations from this work on empirical data, linking the patterns observed in past biogeographic dispersal to present-day biological invasions and range shifts. Together these three strands highlight the importance of taxonomic, geographical and temporal contexts in the role of species traits in dispersal, which is an important step forward to better predictions of species’ abilities to respond to changing environmental conditions
Vallet, Jeanne. "Gradient d'urbanisation et communautés végétales d'espaces boisésApproche à plusieurs échelles dans trois agglomérations du Massif armoricain." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00409694.
Vallet, Jeanne. "Gradient d'urbanisation et communautés végétales d'espaces boisés : Approche à plusieurs échelles dans trois agglomérations du Massif armoricain." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464972.
Kohler, Sophie. "Contribution au développement et à la dosimétrie multi-échelles de dispositifs pour l’exposition de cellules biologiques à des impulsions électriques nanosecondes et subnanosecondes de haute intensité." Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e4cb8901-5864-474c-9cc5-9b5baced9a6a/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4021.pdf.
For sufficiently high intensities, in vitro experimental studies have shown that the biological effects of microsecond pulses are located at the plasma membrane, while those of nanosecond pulses may as well occur at intracellular membranes. The biophysical mecanisms underlying the observed biological effects are not yet clear. In addition, numerical studies have suggested that electric pulses with subnanosecond duration may be able to trigger biological effects directly inside the intracellular organelles. In this work, we propose and study an in vitro exposure system as well as experimental and numerical dosimetry techniques with the purpose of investigating the effects of intense nanosecond and subnanosecond pulsed electric fields. We show the ability of a novel generator based on a coaxial structure to produce the expected pulses. We then propose the use of transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cells to deliver the pulses to biological cells contained in a plastic dish. An electro-optic probe is characterized and validated for macrodosimetric measurements inside the cell culture medium. We also show that the TEM cell-based setup is adapted for intracellular measurements using microfluorimetry techniques. Lastly, we report a numerical tool for dosimetric studies at atomic scale. The method that has been developed combines results of molecular dynamics simulations to a quasi-electrostatic approach using a 3D finite-difference-method code
Nguyen, Nhi Gia Vinh. "Conception de modèles multi-échelles pour l’aide à la décision environnementale : application au contrôle des invasions de cicadelles brunes dans le Delta du Mékong (Vietnam)." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066472.
In South-East Asia, the problem of controlling the invasions of rice pests is a major economical problem, which is tackled by multiple scientific disciplines and is dealt with by several decisional scales. This PhD thesis contribute to the researches undertaken since 40 years on the eradication (or at least the control) of the rice pest named Brown plant hopper (BPH) by proposing a design methodology of dynamically scaling models as a foundation for decision support systems dedicated to the assessment of regional and local control policies. It has been applied to and validated on different scenarios of BPH migrations in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, where four different geographical and political levels have been coupled in the same framework (village, commune, province, and region), each of them represented with its own dynamics (social, biological, ecological ones) but also with its relationships with the other levels. The main contribution of this research is an agent-based multi-level modeling system that allows modelers to simulate and evaluate different control policies against invasions of the Brown plant hoppers at different scales of time and space. This system couples and organizes several sub-models with separate functions: growth and migration models of BPH that take ecological and environmental processes into account at different spatial and temporal scales, social models of the various stakeholders (from farmers to political deciders), models dedicated to the up- and downscaling processes occurring between the levels of representation
Books on the topic "Échelles biologiques":
SIMON, Guilhem, ed. Spectroscopies vibrationnelles. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.9782813002556.
Book chapters on the topic "Échelles biologiques":
MENDEZ, Simon, Alain BÉROD, Christophe CHNAFA, Morgane GARREAU, Étienne GIBAUD, Anthony LARROQUE, Stéphanie LINDSEY, et al. "YALES2BIO : un solveur dédié aux écoulements sanguins." In Écoulements biologiques dans les grands vaisseaux, 185–208. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9065.ch7.
VIGNON-CLEMENTEL, Irène E., and Sanjay PANT. "Simulations hémodynamiques : paramétrage, données cliniques, planification d’interventions." In Écoulements biologiques dans les grands vaisseaux, 139–61. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9065.ch5.
RIGNEAULT, Hervé, and Julien DUBOISSET. "Imagerie Raman cohérente." In Spectroscopies vibrationnelles, 273–88. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.4204.
BONNAFFOUX, Arnaud. "Inférence de réseaux de régulation de gènes à partir de données dynamiques multi-échelles." In Approches symboliques de la modélisation et de l’analyse des systèmes biologiques, 7–50. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9029.ch1.
Huneman, Philippe. "Un pluralisme modéré pour le temps des sciences de la nature : irréversibilité et échelles de temps dans les disciplines biologiques." In La métaphysique du temps : perspectives contemporaines. Collège de France, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.cdf.10762.
DAMERON, Olivier. "Méthodes du Web sémantique pour l’intégration de données en sciences de la vie." In Intégration de données biologiques, 33–61. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9030.ch2.
BERGERON, Anne, and Krister M. SWENSON. "Un siècle de réarrangements génomiques." In Modèles et méthodes pour l’évolution biologique, 127–50. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9069.ch5.
RIBEIRO, Tony, Maxime FOLSCHETTE, Laurent TRILLING, Nicolas GLADE, Katsumi INOUE, Morgan MAGNIN, and Olivier ROUX. "Les enjeux de l’inférence de modèles dynamiques à partir de séries temporelles." In Approches symboliques de la modélisation et de l’analyse des systèmes biologiques, 97–139. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9029.ch3.
Villoutreix, Paul. "Chapitre 19. Vers un modèle multi-échelle de la variabilité biologique ?" In Modéliser & simuler – Tome 2, 643. Editions Matériologiques, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/edmat.varen.2014.01.0643.