Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'ECH'

Dans ce travail, nous nous proposons de montrer et d'analyser la situation actuelle du commerce alimentaire. La refonte des structures et des circuits de commercialisation à travers la restructuration s'était avérée en 1984, indispensable et urgente. Une réorganisation des structures commerciales qui repose sur une décentralisation territoriale des entreprises nationales de distribution comportait de nombreuses contradictions du fait même du caractère métissé (secteur étatique privé) de la restructuration du commerce alimentaire. Bien que ces nouvelles structures étatiques (sociétés, entreprises et offices) prévalent, elles n'ont pas encore exprimé un esprit de solidarité et de coopération avec leurs différents partenaires du secteur privé (producteurs négociants consommateurs). Après trois années de fonctionnement, la nouvelle organisation de la commercialisation qui concerne les produits alimentaires (les fruits et légumes) a été fortement concurrencée par le marché privé qui a su s'imposer par son expérience et son grand nombre de commerces de détail.

Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 1 (NRF1) and NRF2 are essential for maintaining redox homeostasis and coordinating cellular stress responses. They are highly homologous transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes bearing antioxidant-response elements (AREs). Genetic ablation of NRF1 or NRF2 results in vastly different phenotypic outcomes, implying that they play different roles and may be differentially regulated. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) is the main negative regulator of NRF2 and mediates ubiquitylation and degradation of NRF2 through its NRF2-ECH homology-like domain 2 (Neh2). Here, we report that KEAP1 binds to the Neh2-like (Neh2L) domain of NRF1 and stabilizes it. Consistently, NRF1 is more stable in KEAP1(+/+) than in KEAP1(-/-) isogenic cell lines, whereas NRF2 is dramatically stabilized in KEAP1(-/-) cells. Replacing NRF1's Neh2L domain with NRF2's Neh2 domain renders NRF1 sensitive to KEAP1-mediated degradation, indicating that the amino acids between the DLG and ETGE motifs, not just the motifs themselves, are essential for KEAP1-mediated degradation. Systematic site-directed mutagenesis identified the core amino acid residues required for KEAP1-mediated degradation and further indicated that the DLG and ETGE motifs with correct spacing are insufficient as a KEAP1 degron. Our results offer critical insights into our understanding of the differential regulation of NRF1 and NRF2 by KEAP1 and their different physiological roles.

I nuläget existerar det 85 000 områden i Sverige som är eller misstänks vara kontaminerade. Dessa områden behöver minskas för att miljökvalitetsmålet om en Giftfri miljö ska uppnås. Saneringen kan ske på olika sätt varav schaktsanering är den vanligaste. Det är en ex-situ metod som innebär att föroreningen grävs upp och förflyttas till annan plats där själva reningen sker. En annan metod är termisk in-situ sanering, vilket är när man behandlar föroreningen direkt i marken med hjälp av värme. Inom termisk behandlings brukar metoderna Elektrisk konduktiv uppvärmning (ECH) och Elektrisk resistivitetsuppvärmning (ERH) användas. ECH är en metod som beror på markens elektriska konduktivitet dvs markens förmåga att transportera elektrisk laddning. I behandlingsområdet installeras värmeelement som blir varma och sprider värmen till jorden. På så vis uppnås önskvärd temperatur och föroreningen förångas. Gasen samlas sedan upp vid markytan och renas. ERH är en metod som använder sig av elektrisk resistivitet dvs markens elektriska motståndsförmåga för att alstra värme. Elektroder installeras i behandlingsområdet som skickar ut elektrisk ström till jorden. Marken gör motstånd och värme alstras. Syftet med denna studie är att dels fördjupa sig i hur dessa metoder fungerar och att jämföra dem utifrån tekniska- och ekonomiska aspekter. Kan en av metoderna klassificeras som billigare och effektivare än den andra. En fallstudie genomfördes där sex förorenade områden med klorerande lösningsmedel studerades. Dessutom studerades tidigare undersökningar om metoderna. En statistisk bearbetning genomfördes för att se korrelationen mellan parametrarna. Utvärdering från fallstudien indikerade att det finns en stor skillnad mellan metoderna. Parametrarna: kostnad, energikonsumtion, reningseffektivitet och behandlingstid jämfördes mellan metoderna. Jämförelsen visade på att ERH har en högre kostnad, energikonsumtion och längre behandlingstid än ECH. Reningseffektiviteten är några procent högre för ECH, men båda åstadkommer över 95% rening. Däremot existerar det förutsatta meningar angående vilken metod som har högst energikonsumtion. Enligt tidigare studier påvisas det att ECH kräver mer energi än ERH vilket motsäger denna studie. Det krävs därför ytterligare undersökning för att fastställa det. Slutsatsen är därför att ECH är billigare, effektivare och snabbare än ERH.

Le chelif est une region de forte implantation coloniale, urbanisee et tres developpee sur le plan economique. Apres la seconde guerre mondiale, les partis nationalistes sont bien implantes surtout les messalistes et les communistes. Apres les attentats du 1er novembre 1954, la lutte armee avec l'organisation des premiers maquis du dahra et de l'ouarsenis apparait en 1956. L'etude se veut une histoire sociale et anthropologique de la guerre d'algerie a travers l'analyse spatiale et l'approche biographique
This study is an history of the algerian nationalist movement (espacially communists and messalists) from the second world war to the algerian war (1954-1962). Political and social development under the french colonization of the eastern chelif explains the chelifian resistance. After the 1er november 1954, the military resistance begins in 1956 between the dahra and the ouarsenis mountains. The methods employed are geography, anthropology and oral history (short biographies dictionnary)

Les inhibiteurs mixtes de l'ECE et de l'ECA constituent une classe thérapeutique originale qui intervient dans la régulation de l'hémodynamique, en bloquant en amont la production de puissants vasoconstricteurs tels que l'angiotensine II et l'endothéline-1. Ces deux peptides sont générés, respectivement, grâce à l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine II et de l'endothéline-1. En inhibant leur action, les agents thérapeutiques mixtes récents (1970) prennent ainsi une part importante dans le traitement de l'hypertension. Le premier type d'inhibiteurs porte un groupement phosphoré qui se lie au zinc présent dans le site actif de l'enzyme. Ces composés peptidiques, qui possèdent une certaine stéréochimie, ont été synthétisés via des réactions de substitution, de couplage peptidique et d'hydrogénolyse. Les premiers résultats pharmacologiques montrent que seule une activité vis à vis de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine est décelée. La seconde partie de ce travail présente la synthèse de dérivés cycliques, constitués de cinq ou six chaînons, et qui assurent une chélation au zinc grâce aux groupements carbonyles. Ces molécules sont obtenues en fonctionnalisant l'acide barbiturique ainsi que l'hydantoïne. Grâce à des réactions d'acylation et d'alkylation notamment, un premier composé final a pu être généré mais son inhibition, testée sur l'ECA, est encore faible et nécessite des modulations pour converger vers une activité mixte.

[ES] El presente trabajo de investigación presenta un nuevo concepto de hormigón celular basado en el consumo minimizado de recursos y casi nulo de energías, durante la fase de producción del material como a lo largo de la vida útil de las edificaciones: los nuevos hormigones eco-celulares "one-part" (ECC-OP). Se lleva a cavo el desarrollo, caracterización y evaluación medioambiental del material. En la primera etapa de trabajo, se introducen e investigan los nuevos hormigones celulares geopoliméricos (GCC) y hormigones celulares de activación alcalina (AACC) en los que el cemento Portland, conocido por su uso indiscriminado a nivel mundial y su gran impacto ambiental y económico, se sustituye por el catalizador gastado de craqueo catalítico (FCC) y la escoria de alto horno (BFS) respectivamente. A partir de la concepción de estos nuevos materiales se va introduciendo variables de mejora: i) empleo de agentes aireantes alternativos: papel de aluminio reciclado, agua oxigenada y sub-productos del tratamiento de escorias salinas; ii) desarrollo del concepto de co-molienda entre los precursores y los aireantes alternativos; iii) combinación de aireación mecánica y química de las matrices mediante polvo de aluminio y un espumante, el lauril sulfato de sodio; y vi) estudio del comportamiento frente a tratamientos de curado alternativos al autoclave. Los materiales se estudian y comparan microestructuralmente, se ensayan sus características funcionales (densidad, resistencia mecánica a la compresión y conductividad térmica) y se evalúan medioambientalmente. Además, se caracteriza la matriz porosa resultante combinando técnicas microscópicas y de análisis de imagen, así como mediante ensayos hídricos. En esta segunda etapa de trabajo, se introduce el concepto de hormigón eco-celular (ECC), en el que los silicatos comerciales de la disolución activadora se sustituyen por una fuente alternativa de sílice procedente de un residuo agrícola: la ceniza de cáscara de arroz (RHA). Se desarrollan e investigan sistemas de ECCs con FCC y ECCs con BFS, en los que se emplea como agente aireante el papel de aluminio residual y se incorpora mediante el procedimiento de co-molienda con el precursor. Los ECCs se diseñan para obtener unas propiedades óptimas y se comparan con los TCC, GCC y AACC, tanto física y mecánicamente como medioambientalmente. Como resultado, se obtienen ECCs estables, con densidades inferiores a los 1000kg/cm3 y con los que se consigue una reducción de las emisiones de CO2 del 74 % en el caso de los constituidos con FCC y del 78 % para los constituidos con BFS, respecto a los sistemas tradicionales. Finalmente, en la tercera etapa de trabajo se presenta la mayor innovación en cuanto a la ecoeficiencia y el objetivo de consumo nulo de recursos naturales planteados: el estudio de la ceniza de hueso de oliva (OBA) como fuente alcalina alternativa en la disolución activadora. La OBA es un residuo agrícola compuesto fundamentalmente de potasio y calcio, y se presenta como una alternativa potencial para la sustitución del hidróxido alcalino comúnmente empleado en la activación de la BFS. El empleo de la OBA se estudia inicialmente en sistemas de activación alcalina de BFS: se desarrollan, en primer lugar, sistemas binarios (BAAM) con OBA/BFS y a continuación se complementa el estudio combinando esta ceniza con la RHA constituyendo sistemas ternarios (TAAM) con OBA/BFS/RHA. Una vez sentadas las bases previas, se desarrolla la cuarta etapa experimental, se aplica por primera vez la modalidad de fabricación "one-part", que consiste en la co-molienda de todos los materiales sólidos de modo que únicamente se requiere de su mezcla con agua para la producción del material final: los nuevos ECC-OP. Estos materiales son diseñados y analizados en torno a las características funcionales exigidas por la normativa europea para la industria de los prefabricados y se evalúan medioambientalmente media
[CA] El present treball d'investigació presenta un nou concepte de formigó cel·lular basat en un consum mínim de recursos i quasi nul d'energies durant la fase de producció del material així com durant la vida útil de les edificacions: els nous formigons eco-cel·lulars "one-part" (ECC-OP). Es desenvolupa, caracteritza i avalua mediambientalment el material mitjançant un pla de treball que s'ha distribuït en passos graduals de millora. Les etapes del treball han estat centrades d'una banda en els materials constituents i d'altra banda en el procediment de fabricació. A la primera etapa de treball, s'introduïxen i investiguen els nous formigons cel·lulars geopolimèrics (GCC) i formigons cel·lulars d'activació alcalina (AACC) en els quals el ciment Pòrtland, conegut pel seu us indiscriminat i el seu gran impacte ambiental i econòmic, se substituïx per catalitzador gastat de craqueig catalític (FCC) i escòria d'alt forn (BFS) respectivament. A partir de la concepció d'estos nous materials es van introduint variables de millora: i) ús d'agents aireantes alternatius: paper d'alumini reciclat, aigua oxigenada i subproductes del tractament d'escòries salines; ii) desenvolupament del concepte de co-mòlta entre els precursors i els reactius generadors de gas alternatius; iii) combinació de generació de porositats a les matrius per medi mecànic i químic utilitzant pols d'alumini i un tensioactiu, el lauril sulfat de sodi; i iv) estudi del comportament amb l'aplicació de tractaments de curat alternatius a l'autoclau. Els materials s'estudien i comparen micro-estructuralment, s'analitzen les propietats funcionals (densitat, resistència mecànica a la compressió i conductivitat tèrmica) i s'avaluen mediambientalment. A més, es caracteritza la matriu porosa resultant combinant tècniques microscòpiques i d'anàlisi d'imatge, així com per mitjà d'assajos hídrics. En esta segona etapa de treball, s'introduïx el concepte de formigó eco-cel·lular (ECC) , en el que els silicats comercials de la dissolució activadora se substituïxen per una font alternativa de sílice procedent d'un residu agrícola: la cendra de corfa d'arròs (RHA) . S' investiguen sistemes d'ECC amb FCC i sistemes d'ECC amb BFS, en els que s'empra com a agent generador de gas el paper d'alumini residual i s'incorpora per mitjà del procediment de co-mòlta amb el precursor. Els ECCs es dissenyen per a obtindre unes propietats òptimes i es comparen amb els TCC, GCC i AACC, tant física i mecànicament com mediambientalment. Com a resultat, s'obtenen ECCs estables, amb densitats inferiors als 1000kg/cm3 i amb els que s'aconseguix una reducció de les emissions de CO2 del 74 % en el cas dels constituïts amb FCC i del 78 % per als constituïts amb BFS, respecte als sistemes tradicionals. En la tercera etapa de treball es presenta la major innovació quant a l'eco-eficiència i l'objectiu de consum nul de recursos naturals: l'estudi de la cendra d'os d'oliva (OBA) com a font alcalina alternativa per a la fabricació de la dissolució activadora. L'OBA és un residu agrícola compost fonamentalment de potassi i calci, i es presenta com una alternativa potencial per a la substitució de l'hidròxid alcalí comunament empleat en l'activació de la BFS. L'ús de l'OBA s'estudia inicialment en sistemes d'activació alcalina de BFS: sistemes binaris (BAAM) amb OBA/BFS. A continuació, es complementa l'estudi que combina l'ús de l'OBA amb la RHA constituint sistemes ternaris (TAAM) formats per OBA/BFS/RHA. Finalment, s'aplica per primera vegada la modalitat de fabricació "one-part", que consistix en la co-mòlta de tots els materials sòlids de manera que únicament es requerix de la seua mescla amb aigua per a la producció del material final: els nous ECC-OP. Estos materials són dissenyats i analitzats segons les característiques funcionals exigides per la normativa europea per a la indústria dels prefabricats i s'avaluen mediambientalment pe
[EN] In this investigation, a new concept of cellular concrete had been developed based on both the low natural resources as well as nearly zero-energy consumptions: the new one-part eco-cellular concrete (ECC-OP). The development, the characterization and the environmental assessment of the material were carried out. A working plan has been broken down into progressive stages where the improvements were focused on the constitutive materials as well as on the manufacture procedures. In the first working step, the geopolymer cellular concretes (GCC) and the alkali-activated cellular concretes (AACC) were investigated. The OPC worldwide known by its high economic costs, non-reasonable use and its environmental issues was replaced for the fluid catalytic cracking catalyst residue (FCC) and for the blast furnace slag (BFS) respectively. In the new GCC and AACC systems, steps of improvements were introduced progressively: i) the use of alternative aerating agents as the recycled aluminium foil, hydrogen peroxide and salt-slags recycled by-products; ii) a new concept of co-milling between precursors and the alternative aerating agents was introduced; iii) matrix aeration by the chemical and mechanical means where the aluminium powder was combined with the sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), and vi) alternative curing treatments to the traditional autoclave. A microstructural and functional characterisation and an environmental assessment of the materials were carried out. Furthermore, the air-void characterization was done by microscopic, image analysis and hydric tests means. In the second working step, the new eco-cellular concretes (ECC) were introduced and investigated. The silicates in the alkali-activated dissolution were replaced by an alternative silica sourced from an agricultural residue: the rice husk ash (RHA). The new systems were developed with the use of both the BFS and the FCC as precursors and the aerating agent was the recycled aluminium foils by the co-milling procedure. The optimal properties of the new ECC were investigated and a comparison with the TCC, GCC and AACC was done. The new ECCs yielded densities less than 1000kg/cm3 and, comparing with the TCC systems, the CO2 emissions were lower in 74 % when the FCC was employed and in 78 % when the BFS was employed. Finally, in the third working step, the more highlighted novelty in the ecoefficiency and the objective of near cero natural resources consumption was presented: the study of the olive-stone biomass ash (OBA) as an alternative alkali source for the activating dissolution. The OBA is a farming waste mainly composed of potassium and calcium, thus, is a well alternative to the traditional potassium hydroxide employed for the BFS activation. The OBA was firstly introduced in binary systems (BAAM) composed by OBA/BFS mixed with water. Then, the OBA and RHA were combined to the BFS activation in the new ternary systems composed 100 % by residues (TAAM). A complete characterization of the OBA, as well as the mortars and pastes manufacture procedure investigations were carried out. The microstructural, physical and mechanical characterization of the new TAAM was done to its application in the cellular concrete technology. The last working step of the present investigation consisted of the ECCs based on BFS activated with RHA and OBA. Furthermore, for the first time, the "one-part" manufacture procedure was applied to obtain the new "one-part" eco-cellular concretes (ECC-OP). The "one-part" consist of the co-milling of all solid materials and their mix with water to obtain the cellular concrete (similar to the traditional OPC procedure). The materials were designed from scratch: dosages, characterization, comparisons with the TCC, AACC and ECC, European standards compliments. Furthermore, environmental issues of the ECC-OP through the cradle-to-gate modality of the life circle analysis (LCA) were evaluated obtaining their 100 years Global Warming Potential (GWP-100).
Font Pérez, A. (2020). Hormigones eco-celulares one-part (ecc-op) basados 100 % en materiales residuales [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/141092
TESIS

Né en 1912, l'architecte Jean Bossu a suivi un parcours professionnel atypique et étincelant. Engagé dès 1929 aux côtés de Le Corbusier, il a ensuite alterné les collaborations avec la plupart des architectes parisiens modernes de son époque. A la Libération de la France, il devient un reconstructeur original puis, multipliant les propositions singulières, un auteur qui compte dans le paysage architectural français. Il construit ses oeuvres les plus stimulantes outre-mer et dessine plusieurs propositions théoriques et/ou prospectives marquantes. En 1964, il devient le patron d'un atelier extérieur de l'école des Beaux-Arts puis participe à la fondation de l'Unité pédagogique d'architecture n° 5. Il meurt en 1983. A partir d'une multitude de sources, cette recherche ambitionne d'offrir la première présentation détaillée et articulée du parcours de l'architecte, le restituant dans le contexte plus large de son époque et s'attachant à construire une interprétation de ses propositions majeures.

This thesis describes the theory behind elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman key exchanges. All the way from the definition of a group until how the operator over an elliptic curve forms an abelian group. This is illustrated with clear examples. After that a smaller study is made to determine if there is a connection betweenthe size of the underlying field, the amount of points on the curve and the order of the points to determine how hard it is to find out the secret key in elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman key exchanges. No clear connection is found. Since elliptic curves over extension fields have more computational heavy operations, it is concluded that these curves serve no practical use in elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
Denna rapport går igenom teorin bakom Diffie-Hellmans nyckelutbyte över elliptiska kurvor. Från definitionen av en grupp hela vägen till hur operatorn över en elliptisk kurva utgör en abelsk grupp gås igenom och görs tydligt med konstruktiva exempel. Sedan görs en mindre undersökning av sambandet mellan storleken av den underliggande kroppen, antal punkter på kurvan och ordning av punkterna på kurvan, det vill säga svårigheten att hitta den hemliga nyckeln framtagen med Diffie-Hellmans nyckelutbyte för elliptiska kurvor. Ingen tydlig koppling hittas. Då elliptiska kurvor över utvidgade kroppar har mer beräkningstunga operationer dras slutsatsen att dessa kurvor inte är praktiska inom Diffie-Hellman nyckelutbyte över elliptiska kurvor.

O presente estudo propõe investigar o método para estimar a força exercida pelo parafuso na junta aparafusada, propondo uma possível substituição a célula de carga convencional. Com base na técnica pulso-eco ultrassônico, verificando o tempo de propagação da onda em um parafuso retificado antes e após ser submetida a uma carga normal. A diferença de tempo correlacionada à força medida pela célula de carga foi realizada após a aplicação de um torque de aperto na região elástica da fixação. As amostras de parafuso foram retificados nas suas extremidades paralelas, o aparelho ultrassônico com transdutor de 5MHz de 6mm de diâmetro foi acoplado magneticamente sob o parafuso utilizando gel a base dágua como acoplante, para assim verificar o deslocamento, no tempo, do sinal do eco que é detectado por um limiar de amplitude desse sinal, o tempo de voo do pulso-eco longitudinal no meio isotrópico foi o objeto do estudo para correlacionar com a força medida em uma célula que mede força (kN). A diferença do tempo do pulso ultrassônico foi causado por um esforço longitudinal após um torque aplicado na região elástica de resistência mecânica do parafuso na junta simulada, utilizando um equipamento que basicamente é formado por célula de carga longitudinal e torcional com torquímetro eletrônico transdutorizado para efetuar o aperto gradativo. Este equipamento é atualmente usado para verificar o atrito de elementos roscados e as interações de inúmeras possibilidades de superfícies de contato, tais quais porcas e parafusos, conforme fórmulas da norma ISO16047.
The present study proposes to investigate the method to estimate the force exerted by the screw in the bolted joint, proposing a possible replacement to the conventional load cell. Based on the pulse-echo technique ultrasonic, checking the wave propagation time in a rectified screw before and after being subjected to a normal load. The time difference correlated to the force measured by the load cell was performed after the application of a tightening torque in the elastic region of the fixation. The screw samples were rectified at their parallel ends, the ultrasonic apparatus with a 5MHz of 6mm diameter was magnetically coupled under the screw using water-based gel as a coupling, to thereby verify the time shift of the echo signal that is detected by a threshold amplitude of that signal, the flight time of the pulse-echo in the isotropic medium was the object of the study to correlate with the force measured in a cell that measures force (kN). The difference of the time of the ultrasonic pulse was caused by a longitudinal effort after a tightening torque applied in the elastic region of mechanical resistance of the screw in the simulated joint, using equipment that basically is formed by cell of longitudinal and torsional load with electronic transduced torque wrench to define the gradual tightening. This equipment is currently used to check the friction of threaded elements and the numerous possibilities of contact surfaces, such as nuts and bolts, according to ISO16047 formulas.

In this thesis, model-based analysis approach is considered as a possible solution towards a patient-specific point-of-care device for the purpose of electrocardiogram monitoring. Two novel methods are proposed, tested, and quantitatively evaluated. First, a method for estimating the instantaneous heart rate using the morphologicalfeatures of one electrocardiogram beat at a time is proposed. This work is not aimed at introducing an alternative way for heart rate estimation, but rather illustrates the utility of model-basedelectrocardiogram analysis in online individualized monitoring ofthe heart function. The heart rate estimation problem is reduced to fitting one parameter, whose value is related to the nine parameters of a realistic nonlinear model of the electrocardiogram and estimated from data by nonlinear least-squares optimization. The method feasibility is evaluated on synthetic electrocardiogram signals as well as signals acquired from MIT-BIH databases at Physionet website. Moreover, the performance of the method was tested under realistic free-moving conditions using a wearable electrocardiogram and heart monitor with encouraging results. Second, a model-based method for patient-specific detection of deformed electrocardiogram beats is proposed. Five parameters of a patient-specific nonlinear electrocardiogram model are estimated from data by nonlinear least-squares optimization. The normal variability of the model parameters is captured by estimated probability density functions. A binary classifier, based on stochastic anomaly detection methods, along with a pre-tuned classification threshold, is employed for detecting the abnormal electrocardiogram beats. The utility of the proposed approach is tested by validating it on annotated arrhythmia data recorded underclinical conditions.

The Scenic Rim is a significant agricultural region an hour west of Australia’s third largest city, Brisbane, and also the coastal beaches of the Gold Coast. This region has been driven by agriculture for its entire history. However, Brisbane and the Gold Coast region are rapidly expanding and as a result, there is expected to be a massive urban overflow into the Scenic Rim region, resulting in the region’s population more than doubling in less than 20 years. While this shift presents many opportunities for the region, it is also accompanied by many challenges. The Scenic Rim Community Plan 2011-2026 states that the citizens of the Scenic Rim intend to promote sustainable development, create jobs with locally run businesses, and establish a strong infrastructure that compliments their other goals (Scenic Rim Community Plan, 2011). The infrastructure of the region will be under a large amount of pressure with the sudden influx of people migrating there. Complex adaptive systems theory (CAS) combined with transition theory is used here as a framework to show that the system is dependent on the interaction of agents and the feedback from those interactions as well as feedback from the entire system and external environment. CAS also states that a system is susceptible to changes in the environment, whether that be new rules and policies, or external disturbances. CAS is a good representation of a region as a region is comprised of a complex array of agents interacting with each other towards regional outcomes. System rules from a regional perspective refer to laws and policies which can have long reaching effects on a region if changed. Referring to a region in terms of CAS means region must be resilient and adapt to external system disturbances such as this mass migration or natural disasters. This research uses CAS and transition theory to show that in order to be adaptive as well as move the region towards the desired state of sustainability, the agents within the system must interact under new system rules which provide an environment that promotes and enables this transition. The key is to determine those rules or policy changes. A literature review showed that the main challenges faced by existing sustainable developments around the world were transportation, local employment, and sustainable housing, whether they were eco-homes, eco-villages, or eco-cities. The challenges found in the literature were combined with the hybrid CAS/transition theory framework in order to create a general template for addressing regional sustainability. The template provided a process which involved determining region specific sustainability projects, defining the agents responsible for those projects, and then discovering the system rule or policy changes required to push the agents to implement those projects. The implementation of these projects becomes the policy scenario within the scenario planning phase of this project. Utilizing this template with the general lessons learned from the literature combined with a significant amount of collaboration with the main stakeholder in the project, the Scenic Rim Regional Council, several potential sustainability projects were brainstormed in order to create a policy scenario. While these three projects alone were not expected to transition an entire region towards sustainability, the research focused on defining a process and template which could be scaled up in future projects to eventually result in a transition to a new desired state of regional sustainability. Three of the brainstormed potential projects were chosen to be analyzed in further detail in this project included repairing the old train line out of the Scenic Rim and creating a transit hub in the largest town Beaudesert, creating a co-working space close to the transit hub, and creating minimum requirements for new homes to have photovoltaics as well as solar hot water installed on their roofs. These three projects were chosen because together they address local employment, transportation, and housing in some capacity. Together these solutions formed the policy scenario within this research. In order to analyze the potential impact of these three solutions, an approximate energy model of the Scenic Rim Region was created. In this model, the solutions were modeled in a policy scenario and then regional performance up until 2040 was simulated and compared against a "business as usual" scenario in which it was assumed no changes were made in the future and projected performance was based solely on historical trends. The results of this analysis demonstrated that the policy scenario was able to drastically reduce the electricity demand of the housing sector in the Scenic Rim as well as drastically reducing the oil demand in the region. An approximate economic analysis was done of the policy scenario. The QLD PV feed in tariff and decreased electricity bills from the SHW system would more than offset the increase to the homes mortgage caused by the PV and SHW systems. The gas savings from only driving into the city once per week by using the co-working space more than offset the rental cost. The restored rail line would have a high initial investment, but the shared cost with Logan City combined with increased use results in the rail line paying for itself by 2029. This process and the hybrid CAS/transition theory framework proved to be quite effective and have the potential to be scaled up significantly to fully transition a region towards a sustainable future.

Eco-design is relatively new and fast growing field of research due to its vital importance to the manufacturing industry and its related environmental issues such as reducing waste, and CO2 emission. A major EU programme relating to the environment is the waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive. The (WEEE) directive specifies ten categories and a voltage range which is up to 1.000 volts AC or 1.500volts DC. The developed framework came for the implementation of Eco-design principles that helps to take into account the adaption of the (WEEE) directive and the restriction of hazard substances (RoHS) used in electrical and electronic equipments. As a result of identify gaps and needs such as a lack of a comprehensive Eco-design framework and the need to integrate it to the normal business operation. In this research the PDCA framework for Eco-design and WEEE directive will be discussed. The framework will encompass all of the Eco-design¿s implementation and integration factors and activities such as WEEE and RoHS directives, Eco-design management, Environmental legislations, Eco-design tools and considerations. The literature review covers the topic of Eco-design¿s related issues, and WEEE and RoHS directives rules. Based on comprehensive questionnaire survey of Eco-design, WEEE and RoHS issues and activities among a sample of environmentally aware companies, statistical analysis is carried out using SPSS software. Then the findings of the survey triangulated with the findings of the literature review formed the basis of the design and implementation plan of the proposed framework

Pursuing the sustainable urban project means to understand the reasons of crisis of the twentieth century city and interpret them under new approaches. This is the purpose of the thesis, to assume the critical states of the cities, and analyze them to describe a more sustainable development model that is able to transform some of the criticalities into opportunities. The reference models of the analysis come from new generation concepts derived from the principles of "new urbanism": restore the image of a city that resembles the living organisms in some ways and a thermodynamic system in others. The city is a biotic organism that consumes and exchanges "influences", transforms them to function and ultimately produces waste. It will be a succession of phases that can be synthesized by the term "metabolism" used in biology. For "Urban Metabolism" we mean the exchange of matter, energy and information that is established between the urban settlement and its geographic and social context. The biosphere as all open systems, exchanges substances and dissipates energy, and on this exchange depends the reproductive capacity and the transformation of the subsystem, because of that it is important both the system and its environment. The system made by subsystems, individuals, machines and networks, is part of energy diagrams and information. The urban metabolism determines the requirements of raw materials and the impact their use has on the biosphere, creating this way the relationships between materials and social processes. Urban areas have a high concentration of energy per area in comparison with fields or natural ecosystems. The magnitudes of the flows generated in the cities are causing imbalances in nature, as we all noticed nowadays, and perhaps the most prominent are the environmental type. So if we pretend to achieve the sustainability of the living system we must consider the typology of energy and materials supply and the transformation processes of these two factors. If you want to study the metabolism of an urban system is necessary to consider it as a thermodynamic system, in other words, for an urban settlement it is appliable the second law of thermodynamics that says:"the tendency of a closed system is to always develop towards disorder ". It is easy to imagine that a growing, uncontrolled and excessive disorder can lead a city to disaster, which prevents us of the importance of using measures to react to the increase of disorder or entropy. Unlike this, two solutions: optimization within the energy flows into renewable energy supplies from the outside, and increase the process efficiency recycling the local waste produced by the urban metabolism. The waste produced in the system is recycled; a concept developed in the ecovectorization. In summary they are defined as eco-vectors agents to achieve a balance in the territory organism. We are not prepared to absorb endlessly the dross from the modern city: it must be optimized vectorially the system to plan an external energy supply. From where the additional power needed is going to come? And what is its going to be its quality? It is proposed the review of projective tendency, demonstrating the integration of ecovectors useful to the conclusions from this reflection.
Perseguir el proyecto urbano sostenible significa comprender las razones de crisis de la ciudad del siglo XX y interpretarlas bajo nuevos enfoques. Es este el objetivo, asumir los estados criticos de las ciudades, y analizarlas para describir un modelo de desarrollo mas duradero que sea capaz de transformar en oportunidades algunas de las criticidades. Los modelos referenciales del analisis proceden de conceptos de nueva generacion segun principios del "nuevo urbanismo": restituyen la imagen de una ciudad que se parece al organismo viviente en unos aspectos y a un sistema termodinamico en otros. La ciudad es un organismo o biotica que consume recursos, los transforma para funcionar y finalmente produce residuos. Será una sucesion de fases que se sintetiza con el termino de "metabolismo" usado en biologia. Por "Metabolismo Urbano" entendemos el intercambio de materia, energia e informacion que se establece entre el asentamiento urbano y su contexto geografico. La biosfera como todos los sistemas abiertos, intercambia sustancias y disipa energia, y de este intercambio depende la capacidad reproductiva y de transformacion del subsistema, por eso es importante el sistema como su medio. El sistema formado por subsistemas, individuos, maquinas y redes de comunicacion forma parte de diagramas energeticos y de informacion. El metabolismo urbano determina las exigencias de materias primas,y el impacto que su empleo tiene en la biosfera, creando así las relaciones entre materias y procesos sociales. Las areas urbanas tienen una gran concentracion de energia por unidad de superficie comparativamnete a campos de cultivo o ecosistemas naturales. Las magnitudes de los flujos generados en las ciudades, como todos notamos en la actualidad, estan provocando desequilibrios en la naturaleza,y quizas los mas prominentes sean de tipo medioambiental: Entonces si pretendemos lograr la sostenibilidad del sistema viviente urbano, tenemos que tener en cuenta la tipologia de suministro de la energia y de las materias, asi como los procesos de tranformacion de estos dos factores. Si se quiere estudiar el metabolismo de un sistema urbano es necesario considerarlo un sistema termodinamico, o sea, para un asentamiento urbano es valido el segundo principio de la termodinamica que dice " que la tendencia de un sistema cerrado es la de desarrollarse siempre hacia el desorden". Es facil imaginar que un creciente, incontrolado y excesivo desorden pueda llevar la ciudad al desastre, lo que nos previene de la importancia del uso de medidas para reaccionar al aumento del desorden o de la entropia.Resultan dos soluciones: la optimizacion en el interior de los flujos energeticos hacia un suministro de energia renovable desde el exterior, y el aumento de eficiencia de los procesos con la reutilizacion local de los residuos producidos por el metabolismo urbano. Los residuos producidos en el sistema se reciclan, concepto desarrollado en la ecovectorizacion.En sistesis, se definen ecovectores agentes para lograr un equilibrio del organismo territorio.No se está preparado para absorber, hasta el infinito, las escorias de la ciudad moderna:se debe optimizar vectorialmente el sistema para prever el suministro energetico exterior¿de donde llegará la energia adicional necesaria y cual será su calidad?Se propone la revision de las tendencias proyectuales, evidenciando la integracion de los ecovectores utiles a las conclusiones de esta reflexion.

This document contains the development of an amplifier for an ECG-signal and interfacing it to wireless communication. The purpose of this project is to get a clear ECG-signal without any noise, save it and send it through wireless communication.A challenge of the wireless communication unit is to send as little information as possible to make the communication faster, without loss of information in the ECG-signal.The context for this project is the integration of wireless communication in medical applications for home healthcare. This means that, patients are no longer bound to a specific healthcare location where they are monitored by medical instruments. Wireless communication will not only provide them with safe and accurate monitoring, but also the freedom of movement.

El presente trabajo de investigación trata de un modelo de negocio innovador, viable y sostenible que contribuye positivamente con el medio ambiente porque la actividad económica a desarrollarse consiste en la comercialización de productos de limpieza ecológico innovando el proceso de distribución al implementar la logística inversa 3R que se caracteriza porque los productos son distribuidos en dispensadores retornables que son recargables, con ello, se aplica las 3R de la ecología: reducir, reutilizar y reciclar; así nace la idea de negocio “Eco Clean” con la propuesta de valor de “ahorro de dinero y tiempo” para el cliente corporativo, quienes son hoteles de 3 a 5 estrellas y restaurantes de 2 a 5 tenedores, ubicados en los distritos de Miraflores, Barranco, San Isidro, San Borja y Santiago de Surco de Lima Metropolitana. Cabe indicar, que la empresa va tercerizar los procesos de producción, envasado y etiquetado de los productos con su marca “Eco Clean” porque su objetivo estratégico es enfocarse en la gestión comercial, atención al cliente, distribución y reposición del inventario para que el cliente cuente con los productos en la cantidad necesaria y en el momento indicado. La empresa atenderá a este segmento de clientes mediante contratos de venta mensual y anual otorgándoles una línea de crédito a 15 y 30 días de pago por cada pedido, además, se tiene planificado entregar el pedido en el establecimiento del cliente cada 15 días. En este sentido, la empresa para iniciar sus operaciones comerciales contará en su portafolio con cuatro productos que son jabón líquido, lava vajilla líquido, desinfectante líquido y lejía en la presentación de 19 litros en dispensadores retornables.
The current research work is about an innovative, feasible, and sustainable business model that contributes meaningfully with the environment because the economical activity taking place consists on marketing environmentally friendly cleaning products with a groundbreaking distribution process by implementing a 3R inverse logistic approach defined by the product distribution in returnable, rechargeable dispensers, consequently, the 3 R’s of ecology, reduce, reduce, and recycle, are being applied; this is how the business idea “Eco Clean” appears with its value proposition “save money and time” for a corporate client, 3 to 5 star hotels and 2 to 5 star restaurants located in Miraflores, Barranco, San Isidro, San Borja, and Santiago de Surco in Lima. Further noted, the company will outsource product production, filling, and labeling for its brand “Eco Clean”, for its strategic aim is to focus on its commercial management, client service, distribution, and restocking so that the clients have the product needed with a perfect timing. The company serves this client segment through monthly ant yearly sales contracts offering a 15 and 30 day line of credit for each order, additionally, the delivery plan is to deliver the orders at the client’s facility every 15 days. To this effect, to begin its commercial operation, the company counts with four products within its portfolio: liquid soap, dishwashing detergent, disinfectant, and bleach, all in a 19 liter returnable dispenser display.
Trabajo de investigación

Die Bestandsrevision 2014/15 der Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig förderte einen kleinen Schatz zutage: fünf Kassetten, gefüllt mit grafischen Drucken der Reichsdruckerei, den sogenannten Reichsdrucken. Im Rahmen eines studentischen Projekts wird dieser besondere Bestand inventarisiert und erschlossen.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção
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O Modelo Estrutura, Conduta e Performance - Social (ECP-Social) foi construido como alternativa para a avaliação da performance social empresarial. O framework do modelo ECP-Social considera que a pressão exercida pela estrutura de mercado sobre as empresas faz com que elas ajam ou reajam adotando determinado comportamento social, o que promove a performance social. A definição dos indicadores de estrutura de mercado foram baseados no modelo ECP de Scherer e Ross (1990). A partir deste modelo foram feitas adaptações e inclusões para se desenhar a estrutura social do mercado, considerando as características econômicas dele. Já, os indicadores de conduta social fazem referência às funções gerenciais tendo sido estabelecidos indicadores sociais para as funções de administração geral, marketing e comunicação, gestão da cadeia logística, pesquisa e desenvolvimento, manufatura, meio ambiente, finanças, gestão de pessoas, assuntos políticos e assuntos jurídicos. Por fim, os indicadores de performance social apontam os reflexos dos comportamentos empresariais e da pressão sobre a estrutura da indústria através dos impactos sobre os a. & i. internos e externos. Para tornar operazionalizável o framework do modelo ECP-Social foi criada uma ferramenta que permite determinar o nível de conduta social em cada uma das funções gerenciais da empresa. Esse nível de conduta social é confrontando com a pressão exercida pela estrutura de mercado sobre a empresa, de onde se obtem o perfil social empresarial. O modelo foi testado em indústrias avícolas e calçadistas brasileiras. A partir do uso do modelo ECP- Social e sua ferramenta as empresas podem visualizar as áreas de maior e menor comprometimento social e a partir disso direcionar suas ações para as áreas estratégicas em investimentos sociais.

Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Florianópolis, 2015.
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A Escrituração Fiscal Digital (EFD) é a nova obrigação tributária estabelecida no Brasil pela Secretaria da Fazenda, através do Sistema Público de Escrituração Digital (SPED), em que as empresas devem informar aos órgãos públicos todas as informações de estoques, movimentações e inventários relacionados à matéria prima e ao produto acabado, assim como apresentar a lista técnica de materiais (Bill of Material) a ser utilizada na produção dos produtos acabados. Isso abrange todas as operações de produção que influenciam na composição da base de cálculo e no valor devido do Imposto sobre a Renda da Pessoa Jurídica (IRPJ) e da Contribuição Social sobre o Lucro Líquido (CSLL). A iniciativa apresenta-se uma grande oportunidade para as empresas compartilharem com os Governos os indicadores de ecoeficiência, usando os mesmos recursos e processos das áreas de engenharia, produção, planejamento e controle e tecnologia de informação, necessários para atender às exigências tributárias. O presente estudo visa a elaborar uma proposta de classificação de risco ambiental e a designar indicadores para análise de desempenho ambiental no setor privado, com base no conceito de eco-eficiência e ecologia industrial. Estratégia usada para a geração de relatórios ambientais das empresas e divulgação aos órgãos governamentais, utilizando o mesmo fluxo de informação adotado nessa nova obrigação tributária.Tais informações possibilitam ao Estado exercer, na forma da lei, as funções de fiscalização, incentivo e planejamento de atividades, como intuito de garantir os interesses e o bem-estar das gerações presentes e futuras.

Abstract : Digital Tax Bookkeeping (EFD) is the new tax obligation established in Brazil, by the Ministry of Finance, through the public Digital Bookkeeping System (SPED), which companies must inform to the public agencies all inventory information, movements and inventories related to raw material and finished product, as well as presenting the bill of materials, to be used in the production of finished products. This means all production operations that influence the composition of the tax basis and the amount due to the Income Tax (IRPJ) and Social Contribution on Net Income (CSLL). The initiative presents a great opportunity for companies to share with governments the indicators of eco-efficiency, using the same resources and processes of engineering, production, planning and control and information technology, needed to meet the tax requirements.This study aims to develop a proposal for environmental risk assessment and designate indicators for analysis of environmental performance in the private sector, based on the concept of eco-efficiency and industrial ecology, to generate environmental reports of companies and disclosure to government agencies using the same flow of information adopted on this new tax obligation.This information enables the State to exercise, according to the law, the supervisory functions, encouragement and planning activities in order to ensure the interests and well-being of present and future generations.

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓN
Oscar López Fajardo [Parte I], Víctor González Ramírez [Parte II]
Este Plan de Negocios muestra una nueva alternativa, ecológica y sustentable, en el mercado del agua embotellada. Actualmente cada vez que alguien compra agua purificada o mineral en la vía pública debe necesariamente adquirir una botella plástica. Este es un grave problema medioambiental, se espera que para el año 2050 en el océano haya más botellas plásticas que peces. Por otra parte la primera encuesta nacional de comportamiento medioambiental mostró que el 75% de los chilenos tiene una preocupación real por el cuidado del medioambiente. Eco Agua es una solución para ese 75% de la población, la empresa vende suscripciones mensuales para obtener agua purificada a granel en la vía pública a través de máquinas purificadoras/expendedoras que se conectan a la red de agua potable y funcionan con tarjetas magnéticas. Esta innovación permite a las personas con alta conciencia ambiental adquirir agua purificada sin tener que comprar una botella plástica, disminuyendo el impacto ambiental de su decisión de compra. Para iniciar el negocio se requiere de una inversión inicial de 201 millones de pesos. La evaluación del proyecto en un horizonte de 5 años, con una tasa de descuento del 15,8%, entrega un VAN de 242 millones de pesos, con una TIR de 43,2%. Los buenos indicadores financieros del proyecto, sumado al beneficioso impacto ambiental hacen de Eco Agua una oportunidad de negocio apreciada tanto por inversionistas como por consumidores

La presente propuesta describe los aspectos necesarios para llevar a cabo un negocio de kits de jardinería urbana para un público objetivo de hombres y mujeres pertenecientes al NSE A, B y C1 que se encuentran en un rango de edades de 18 a 55+ años, inicialmente de Lima Metropolitana; cada kit de autocultivo contará con una serie de herramientas base donde la variable de diferenciación se dará por el tipo de kit (terrario, hortalizas o aromáticas, mini huerto y plantas carnívoras), colores de la caja trupan y la utilización de insumos ecológicos. Las fuentes de ingreso serán generadas por las ventas de los kits ya mencionados y el contacto con los clientes y/o usuarios se llevará a cabo a través de redes sociales, página web y vía telefónica. Con respecto a la relación con los clientes, aplicaremos algunas encuestas virtuales a nuestros usuarios para recibir feedbacks y mejorar el producto ofrecido. También, realizaremos actividades de fidelización al cliente tales como descuentos, sorteos, etc. con la finalidad de que contribuyan con la idea de ir modificando y mejorando poco a poco las propuestas de kits. La inversión requerida para llevar a cabo la propuesta de negocio es de S/26,771.72. Nuestro punto de equilibro es de 64 unidades, lo cual nos indica que ese es el promedio de unidades de kits que se deberá vender mensualmente para cubrir los costos. Con un valor de ventas promedio de S/. 3,085, ingresos mínimos que se deberán generar mensualmente para cubrir todos los costos.
This proposal describes the aspects necessary to carry out a business of urban gardening kits for a target audience of men and women belonging to the NSE A, B and C1 that are in an age range of 18 to 55+ years, initially from Metropolitan Lima; Each self-cultivation kit will have a series of basic tools where the differentiation variable will be given by the type of kit (terrarium, vegetables or aromatic, mini orchard and carnivorous plants), trupan box colors and the use of ecological inputs. The sources of income will be generated by the sales of the aforementioned kits and contact with customers and / or users will be carried out through social networks, website and telephone. With regard to the relationship with customers, we will apply some virtual surveys to our users to receive feedbacks and improve the product offered. Also, we will carry out customer loyalty activities such as discounts, raffles, etc. in order to contribute to the idea of gradually modifying and improving kit proposals. The investment required to carry out the business proposal is S / 26,771.72. Our balance point is 64 units, which indicates that this is the average of units of kits that must be sold monthly to cover costs. With an average sales value of S /. 3,085, minimum income that must be generated monthly to cover all costs.
Trabajo de investigación

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Arquitetura apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.
Atenta à situação ambiental mundial, à escassez do recursos naturais e ao impacte que o sector da construção tem sobre o planeta, a presente dissertação tem como principal objectivo, a exploração de algumas opções de construção modular sustentável em madeira existentes em Portugal, com o fim de desenvolver um pequeno manual ilustrado que agregue estratégias para esta construção, de forma clara e sucinta, para que esta temática seja mais facilmente abordada e compreendida. A Eco Arquitectura é uma temática cada vez mais a explorada a nível mundial em todas as suas vertentes e soluções. Porém, em Portugal, apesar de já em crescimento esta é uma temática de desconhecimento por parte da população geral e que carece de estudo e ensino por parte das faculdades de arquitectura do país. A construção modular e a sustentabilidade são duas temáticas que, quando trabalhadas em conjunto, permitem a diminuição drástica dos impactes ambientais que o sector da construção tem actualmente sobre o planeta Terra. A utilização da madeira na sua composição (sendo este o material de construção mais sustentável disponível, devido à sua renovação natural e às suas características inerentes “amigas do ambiente”) torna-a numa solução económica, rápida e sustentável. Neste estudo pretende-se demonstrar as possibilidades que este tipo de construção oferece, evidenciando as características sustentáveis e ecológicas. Para isso, é feita uma análise individual e comparativa de três empresas de construção modular sustentável nacionais, de forma a compreender quais as estratégias aplicadas neste tipo de construção a nível nacional e quais as soluções mais viáveis; culminando num manual ilustrado dividido em 3 secções: Estratégias para a construção sustentável; Escolha do Sistema Modular e Exemplo prático de uma construção modular em Portugal.
ABSTRACT: Considering the global environmental situation, natural resources scarcity and the impact that the construction sector has on the planet, this dissertation has as it’s main objective, the exploration of some options of sustainable modular wood construction existing in Portugal, with the purpose of developing a small illustrated manual with strategies for this type of construction, in a clear and succinct way, so that this topic can be easily approached and understood. Nowadays Eco Architecture is an issue that is arousing interest worldwide in all its aspects and solutions. However, in Portugal, although it is gradually becoming more and more well-known, it is still a subject of ignorance to most of the population and it lacks study and teaching by the faculties of architecture in the country. Modular construction and sustainability are two themes that, when combined, allow a drastic reduction of the environmental impacts that the construction sector currently has on planet Earth. The use of wood in its composition, which is the most sustainable building material available due to its natural renewability and its inherent "eco-friendly "characteristics, makes it an economical, fast and sustainable solution. This study intends to demonstrate the possibilities that this type of construction offers, highlighting the sustainable and ecological characteristics. Therefore, an individual and comparative analysis of three national sustainable modular construction companies is carried out, in order to understand the strategies applied in this type of construction at national level and which are the most viable solutions; culminating in an illustrated manual divided into 3 sections: Strategies for sustainable construction; Choice of Modular System and Practical example of a modular building in Portugal.
N/A

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) effectively treats depression by administration of repeated seizure-inducing electrical stimuli. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 6 electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) over 2 weeks, and in vivo single unit extracellular electrophysiological activity was recorded after 48 hours. Overall firing activity in the locus coeruleus and ventral tegmental area was unchanged, suggesting the therapeutic efficacy of ECT may not be attributed to increased norepinephrine and dopamine release. There were more spontaneously active neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), indicating greater dopamine tone in the nigrostriatal motor pathway, which may contribute to alleviation of psychomotor retardation. In the facial motor nucleus (FMN), locally administered norepinephrine, but not serotonin, facilitated greater glutamate-induced firing, which may contribute to improved facial motricity. Current results indicate that repeated ECS enhances postsynaptic norepinephrine neurotransmission in the FMN and SNc dopamine neurotransmission, which could represent the mechanism behind the alleviation of depressive symptoms including psychomotor retardation.

A Ressonância Magnética Nuclear em baixa resolução (RMN-BR) vem sendo aplicada no controle e certificação de qualidade na indústria. Para acelerar e automatizar as análises tem sido proposto o uso de RMN online, com carreamento de amostras por uma esteira. Apesar do grande potencial, as metodologias utilizadas podem provocar o aquecimento da amostra, causando erros nas medidas, além de reduzir a vida útil do equipamento. Assim, nesse trabalho de doutorado foram desenvolvidas sequências de eco de spin para medidas de RMN-BR online utilizando baixa potência de RF (radiofrequência), baseadas nas técnicas CP, Carr-Purcell, e CPMG, Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill, utilizando baixos ângulos de refocalização, LRFA (Low Refocusing Flip Angle). Observou-se que LRFA de 45° (CPMG45) pode fornecer valores de tempo de relaxação transversal (T2) com erros inferiores a 5% em campos magnéticos (B0) com homogeneidade equivalente a largura de linha de Δν ≤ 15 Hz. Em B0 menos homogêneos (Δν ≥ 100 Hz), a escolha dos LRFA deve considerar a redução do sinal e o aumento de T2, que se torna dependente do tempo de relaxação longitudinal (T1). CP90 produz ecos entre os pulsos de refocalização que decaem para valores mínimos dependente de T2* (constante de tempo do Decaimento Livre da Indução). O sinal obtido por CP90 aumenta de valores mínimos para o regime de estado estacionário (EE) com constante de tempo T* = 2T1T2/(T1+T2) e amplitude MCP90 = M0T2/(T1+T2), a mesma constante e a mesma amplitude observada para o sinal de Precessão Livre em Onda Contínua (CWFP - Continuous Wave Free Precession), por isso foi denominada CP-CWFP. A principal vantagem de CP-CWFP ocorre para amostras com T1 ~ T2. CP-CWFP apresenta um decaimento abrupto da amplitude do sinal antes de aumentar e alcançar o EE. Essa diferença na amplitude torna o ajuste de T* menos dependente da razão sinal/ruído, sendo mais eficiente que CWFP para medidas de T1 e T2 em B0 baixos, onde T1 e T2 tendem a ter valores similares. No método de alternância de fase (AF) em CPMG90AF (y\'/-y\') e CP90AF (x\'-x\') os sinais entraram num EE, nesse caso CPMG90AF e CP90AF tiveram comportamentos similares ao CP-CWFP, sendo mais uma alternativa para obtenção de T1 e T2. Para CPMG, a redução do ângulo de refocalização para 90° equivale a uma redução de 75% da potência incidida na amostra. CP-CWFP pode ser uma técnica mais robusta para análises em espectrômetros de RMN de bancada em controle de qualidade industrial, com B0 < 0,5 T (20 MHz) e em ferramentas de RMN utilizadas em poços de petróleo com B0 ~ 0,05 T (2 MHz). As análises por métodos estatísticos demonstraram que CPMG e CPMG90, CWFP e CP-CWFP apresentam alta correlação entre si, demonstrando que uma técnica pode substituir a outra nas análises online de sementes oleaginosas.
Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LR-NMR) has been applied in quality control and certification in industry. To speed up the analysis the online NMR has been proposed. Despite LR-NMR online potential, some problems related to equipment overload occurs. It is due to methodologies used that can cause an increase in sample temperature and consequently errors in measurements as well reduction on equipment durability. Thus, Carr-Purcell, CP and Meiboom-Gill, CPMG using low refocusing flip angles (LRFA) were developed. It was observed that LRFA as low as 45° (CPMG45) can provide transverse relaxation time values (T2) with errors below 5% for homogeneous field (Δν ≤ 15Hz). For a less homogeneous magnetic field (Δν ≥ 100 Hz) the choice of the LRFA has to take into account the reduction in the intensity of the CPMG signal and the increase in the time constant of the CPMG decay that also becomes dependent on longitudinal relaxation time (T1). The Carr-Purcell (CP) pulse sequence, with LRFA, produces echoes midway between refocusing pulses that decay to a minimum value dependent on T2* (Free Induction Decay time constant - FID). When τ > T2*, the signal increased to reach a Steady-State Free Precession regime (SSFP) after the minimum value and was composed of FID signal after each pulse and an echo, before the next pulse. CP90 signal increased from the minimum value to the steady-state regime with a time constant (T*) = 2T1T2/(T1+T2), identical to the time constant observed Continuous Wave Free Precession (CWFP). The Steady-State amplitude obtained with CP90 (MCP90) = M0T2/(T1+T2) was identical to CWFP. Therefore, this sequence was named CP-CWFP because it is a CP sequence that produces results similar to the CWFP. However, CP-CWFP is a better sequence than CWFP for measuring the longitudinal and transverse relaxation times in single scan, when the sample exhibits T1 ~ T2. When phase alternation is applied in CPMG90AF (y\'/-y\') e CP90AF (x\'-x\') the signal reaches a Steady-State. CPMG90AF and CP90AF showed similar behavior to CP-CWFP, so one more alternative method to measure T1 and T2. Therefore, the T2 measurements can be performed with 90° refocusing pulses (CPMG90), which use only 25% of the RF power used in conventional CPMG. This reduces the heating problem in the probe and reduces the power deposition in the samples. The CP-CWFP sequence can be a useful method in low-resolution NMR and can be widely used in the agriculture, food and petrochemical industries because those samples tend to have similar relaxation times in low magnetic fields.

The ethno-nationalist conflict in Israel/Palestine has been the subject of significant academic interrogation. However, the political ecological dimensions of that conflict, despite their importance, have gone largely unnoticed. The natural environment, for example, is central to national identity constructs that have long been a source of contestation and friction in the region. The scarcity of vital natural resources (both land and water) needed to sustain nation-building efforts continue to occasion conflict. Access to and control of such resources is divisive and the environment has become a weapon through which to contest the ‘other’. Whilst there is a deep-rooted attachment and importance given to the environment, it has also been a victim to the conflict itself often being seconded to the ‘high political’ aspects prioritised at the governmental level At the opposite end of the spectrum, there are also numerous efforts which attempt to use the environment to promote cooperation/peacebuilding between actors in the conflict. This thesis attempts to unpack the often-overlooked political ecological dimensions of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. To do so, it focuses on a number of specific, localized and illustrating case studies in a series of three papers. The first analyses the impact of the Israeli West Bank separation barrier on Palestinian agricultural systems and processes. The second paper, analyses local attempts at Israeli-Palestinian ‘environmental cooperation’ and asserts the need for delving deeper into ‘cooperative’ interactions in order to determine their true nature and effectiveness. The third paper takes the same greater Bethlehem case studies and explores their possible peacebuilding contributions, before suggesting ways to improve their potential in that regard. As well as filling a significant vacuum in Israel/Palestine scholarship, the thesis has broader theoretical and practical relevance. It adds greatly to vibrant contemporary academic discussions, debates, and lines of enquiry pertaining to the relationships between the environment, conflict and peace. It also speaks to recent calls for geographers to research and contribute to ‘a geography of peace’. In a desire to employ a holistic lens (in this case a political ecological one), an inductive approach was pursued to facilitate the emergence of new ideas. That is, instead of having rigid, predefined theories to test, the approach, whilst including key ideas related to the broad conceptual framework, was to remain open-minded to what emerged in discussions with those involved in the scenarios, and through the analysis of a multitude of information sources. Key methods of primary data collection included semi-structured interviews and ethnographic observation. Primary data collection occurred remotely via ‘e-interviews’ between 2012 and 2013, and directly during a period of fieldwork to Israel/Palestine in 2014. A total of 40 interviews were completed. Ethnographic observation included partaking in tours and conducting site visits. The data collected was complemented by the consultation of secondary statistical sources, and visualisation using Geographic Information Systems. Qualitative content analysis was key in complementing the primary data.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 17 p. : col. ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 15).

Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996.
Includes special report study entitled: [1] Role of stream water in architectural and permaculture design.-- [2]Exploration on the use of natural energy. Includes bibliographical references.

TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN MARKETING
Francesco Pontarelli [Parte I], María Fernanda Ramos Alarcón [Parte II]
El plan de marketing descrito a continuación busca la implementación de un hotel de características ecológicas en la zona central de Chile, la que según datos de Sernatur es la que recibe anualmente la mayor cantidad de turistas tanto nacionales como extranjeros, para definir el concepto bajo el cual se implementará el hotel, se ha tomado como referencia el concepto de Eco-Friendly al cual los autores han llegado a definir a través de la exploración de fuentes nacionales como también a nivel internacional. La estrategia a implementar se basará en en los ejes estratégicos logrados a partir de un análisis situacional que dio como resultado tres posibles opciones de desarrollo como lo so 1.- Aprovechar la búsqueda de viajes cortos de naturaleza a partir de una oferta basada en nuestra capacidad de inversión, y flexibilidad para dar ofertas concretas a partir de nuestro conocimiento de las necesidades de los clientes. 2.- Hacer frente a la desaceleración económica de los países latinoamericanos a partir de una oferta nueva, que se adecue a la necesidades especificas de los clientes generando propuestas flexibles y de colaboración con otros oferentes. 3.- Aprovechar el reconocimiento de Chile como destino de turismo de naturaleza y el apoyo de planes de gobierno a esta industria con una oferta novedosa basada en el conocimiento de los clientes. A partir de los ejes estratégicos, el plan de marketing buscará cumplir con los siguientes objetivos: 1. Conseguir a partir de nuestra propuesta como hotel sustentable ser reconocidos ante los consumidores pro ecológicos, como el mejor hotel ecológico en la zona de Casablanca, en un plazo de dos años. 2. Mejorar la competitividad del sector con trabajadores altamente capacitados, que entreguen valor en su desempeño, y contribuir al cierre de las brechas entre las competencias que tengan los profesionales del sector y los requerimientos de la industria. La consecución de los objetivos de marketing se plasman en la propuesta de valor definida como "Un hotel a menos de una hora de la capital de Chile, el que permitirá a sus huéspedes a partir de sus emplazamiento, mobiliario y actividades de naturaleza una experiencia ecológica y sensación de desconexión, relajo y disfrute.” En el plan de marketing se podrá observar en detalle el desarrollo de las siete variables del marketing de servicios, lo que concluye con un detalle del planes de implementaciones que permitan así el completo cumplimiento de los objetivos al final del segundo año de implementado el hotel.

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura
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A tese aborda o dialogismo e a polifonia no romance As meninas, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, e suas implicações para a tradução em italiano. Dialogando com a teoria literária e com a teoria da tradução, o trabalho, num primeiro momento, situa a autora na crítica brasileira e contextualiza o romance na sua produção literária; em seguida, o texto em português é confrontado com as duas traduções da obra para o italiano (a minha, inédita, e a de Federico Pesante, publicada em 2006). Os cotejos apresentados enfocam especificamente três problemas que concernem o aspecto polifônico e dialógico do romance: a transição da voz narrativa, o dialogismo entre os pontos de vista das personagens e o diálogo estabelecido pelo romance com as marcas do contexto cultural. O confronto evidencia que as duas traduções, embora contemporâneas e para uma mesma língua, interpretam e lidam com esses aspectos do texto de formas diferentes.

Venta de ropa interior femenina a base de tela de fibra de bambú, diseñada para un segmento de la población de clase A y B para mujeres entre 25 a 40 años, con un estilo de vida saludable orgánica y que nuestros productos sean un complemento de su estilo de vida; se buscará llegar a ellas mediante una tienda virtual donde puedan escoger los productos que deseen y publicidad por las redes sociales (Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, Google+, Facebook).
Trabajo de investigación

This master’s thesis deals with conditions and procedures of testing network echo cancellers according to recommendation ITU-T G.168. The point of it’s interest is design of test application which will perform the objective testing their basic and extended features in MATLAB. Theoretical section is concentrated on declaration the ground of echo cancellers and conditions of their testing. Procedures of particular tests follow in next part. The last section designs the testing function which results in entire application which tests submitted canceller and in chosen file write out the report and is also able to display results like graph.

Over the next decades, China will face various thorny issues caused by the fasturbanization progress. Therefore, Caofeidian eco-city, being the most prominenteco-city project in China, is currently in the course of planning and construction,thereby providing a sound model for future urban development. The master plan of 30square kilometers area and current situation is fully analyzed by the PEBOSCAinterdisciplinary framework based on the UN Habitat agenda. To better realize theeco-city in a Chinese context, a series of interdisciplinary problems and potentialchallenges of Caofeidian eco-city are identified and corresponding interdisciplinarysolutions are presented in this paper. Deferring to the different city developmentstages, a tentative schedule and back casting goals are set to assess the Ecocityperformance in the next 50 years.

Tolkien's aesthetic enjoyment of distance and antiquity in literature, his interest in the power of imagination, and his use of medieval romances and ancient fairy-tales as a means of rediscovering an enchanted vision of the world are analogous to the literary endeavours of the Romantics. Like them, he perceives that the real world is inherently different from how he imagines an ideal world. This thesis discovers that Tolkien's writings correspond in numerous ways to the modern form of elegiac romance, most notably because of their positive portrayals of mortality, and their depictions of intense yearning. The moral imperative to accept death, exemplified by the heroic ethos of Old English literature, clarifies why the effect of historicity is often noted in Tolkien's fictions: time is mimetic rather than mythological. Tolkien demonstrates that Fantasy is capable of reflecting the most sombre issues of the real world, particularly the inevitability of death.

As urban centres continue to expand in population and in area, their impact on the environment increases. One method of reducing the ecological impact of urban centres is the eco-village, an approach to community built to specifications which lessen the impact on the environment. However, in many cases, regulatory and other barriers make the construction of eco-villages and other forms of environmentally benign development difficult, if not impossible. The research examines the regulatory barriers facing a proposed eco-village development in central Winnipeg's Wolseley neighbourhood; the Westminster Square Eco-Village Project. Following an initial literature review and a consultation process with key stakeholders, a list of proposed eco-village elements was identified for examination. Key regulatory officials were then interviewed to determine the barriers to these elements, and how to overcome them. Surprisingly, regulatory barriers were found to have less of an impact on this project proposal than was anticipated. Rather, other barriers not covered by this thesis, such as social and financial barriers, were found to have a similar impact to the regulatory barriers. Despite these findings, some regulatory barriers to eco-village development do exist in Winnipeg. This research project concludes with a set of regulatory and procedural recommendations for the City of Winnipeg, which are intended to create a more favourable regulatory environment to support innovate forms of development.

This master’s thesis deals with functional magnetic resonance and monitoring of the effect of acquisition acceleration methods on the quality of functional images and observed BOLD signal. The basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging, the explanation of the specifics of functional magnetic resonance and the formation and scanning of BOLD signal are described here. Subsequently, there is the definition of fMRI experiment and description of sequences used for fMRI, focusing on aquisition acceleration techniques. The influence of sequence parameters on image quality and the data processing methods are explained aftewards. The practical part describes the parameters of used sequences, the acquisition procedure and the task for the subject during aquisition. Data from 26 healthy volunteers were obtained and analyzed afterwards. Based on this, the differencesbetween the different sequence variants were evaluated and the initial assumption that the multi-echo acquisition yields better results with faster measurements than single-echo was confirmed.

Contemporary business world is now facing a challenge, a shift from traditional innovation to eco-innovation. Organizations need to recognize the importance of environment in any aspect of innovation. This paper aims to deduce the drivers of eco-innovation from the overview of existing literature and empirical study to provide an understanding of the organization aiming towards eco-innovation. The aim of this thesis is to identify the drivers of eco-innovation and objectives being able to understand and review the contribution of innovation and eco-innovation as separate entities.This research is limited to the investigation of drivers of eco-innovation in one single organization i.e. Tekniska Verken, Linköping. Conceptual model of drivers of eco-innovation is created from previous research and verified through empirical study. The model of this research is to outline the three categories of drivers within the limit and scope of this analysis. However modification of the model on the basis of additional drivers has been duly appreciated and elucidated to reflect reality of the research.

Vi har utfört en Minor Field Study på Zanzibar, som finansierats av Sida. Vårt syfte med denna studie var att granska hur hotell jobbar för en hållbar turismutveckling på Zanzibar. Vi hade åtta kvalitativa intervjuer med hotell managers på åtta olika hotell. Utöver dessa intervjuer hade vi även frågor till studenter vid Jambiani Tourism Training Institute (JTTI) och till Tim Woolven på Zanrec. Som svar på vårt syfte är det väldigt svårt att arbeta för en hållbar turismutveckling på Zanzibar då det finns många motsättningar. De största motgångarna, enligt vår undersökning, är korruption inom regeringen och brist på kunskap och engagemang inom ämnet. För att Zanzibar ska kunna bli en hållbar turismdestination krävs det att de negativa påverkningarna från turismen minimeras. Utifrån hotell managernas åsikter har vi kommit fram till att  framförallt den lokala kulturen måste bevaras och sophanteringen måste förbättras. Turismen bidrar till en viktig ekonomisk inkomst för ön men Zanzibar är fortfarande beroende av hjälp utifrån. Idag är Zanzibar i utvecklingsstadiet och turismen som industri kan fortfarande utvecklas antingen positivt eller negativt för ön. Även om det är svårt att arbeta för en hållbar utveckling så har vi sett många positiva handlingar och initiativ.