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Journal articles on the topic 'ECF σ factors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Guzina, Jelena, та Marko Djordjevic. "Promoter Recognition by Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors: Analyzing DNA and Protein Interaction Motifs". Journal of Bacteriology 198, № 14 (2016): 1927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00244-16.

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ABSTRACTExtracytoplasmicfunction (ECF) σ factors are the largest and the most diverse group of alternative σ factors, but their mechanisms of transcription are poorly studied. This subfamily is considered to exhibit a rigid promoter structure and an absence of mixing and matching; both −35 and −10 elements are considered necessary for initiating transcription. This paradigm, however, is based on very limited data, which bias the analysis of diverse ECF σ subgroups. Here we investigate DNA and protein recognition motifs involved in ECF σ factor transcription by a computational analysis of canon

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2

Fang, Chengli, Lingting Li, Liqiang Shen, et al. "Structures and mechanism of transcription initiation by bacterial ECF factors." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 13 (2019): 7094–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz470.

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Abstract Bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) forms distinct holoenzymes with extra-cytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors to initiate specific gene expression programs. In this study, we report a cryo-EM structure at 4.0 Å of Escherichia coli transcription initiation complex comprising σE—the most-studied bacterial ECF σ factor (Ec σE-RPo), and a crystal structure at 3.1 Å of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcription initiation complex with a chimeric σH/E (Mtb σH/E-RPo). The structure of Ec σE-RPo reveals key interactions essential for assembly of E. coli σE-RNAP holoenzyme and for promoter recognit

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Thakur, Krishan Gopal, Anagha Madhusudan Joshi та B. Gopal. "Structural and Biophysical Studies on Two Promoter Recognition Domains of the Extra-cytoplasmic Function σ Factor σC from Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, № 7 (2006): 4711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m606283200.

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σ factors are transcriptional regulatory proteins that bind to the RNA polymerase and dictate gene expression. The extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors govern the environment dependent regulation of transcription. ECF σ factors have two domains σ2 and σ4 that recognize the -10 and -35 promoter elements. However, unlike the primary σ factor σA, the ECF σ factors lack σ3, a region that helps in the recognition of the extended -10 element and σ1.1, a domain involved in the autoinhibition of σA in the absence of core RNA polymerase. Mycobacterium tuberculosis σC is an ECF σ factor that is ess

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Ho, Theresa D., та Craig D. Ellermeier. "PrsW Is Required for Colonization, Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides, and Expression of Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors in Clostridium difficile". Infection and Immunity 79, № 8 (2011): 3229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00019-11.

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ABSTRACTClostridium difficileis an anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming, opportunistic pathogen that is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea. In numerous pathogens, stress response mechanisms are required for survival within the host. Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors are a major family of signal transduction systems, which sense and respond to extracellular stresses. We have identified threeC. difficileECF σ factors. These ECF σ factors, CsfT, CsfU, and CsfV, induce their own expressions and are negatively regulated by their cognate anti-σ factors, RsiT, R

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5

Luo, Yun, Kei Asai, Yoshito Sadaie та John D. Helmann. "Transcriptomic and Phenotypic Characterization of a Bacillus subtilis Strain without Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors". Journal of Bacteriology 192, № 21 (2010): 5736–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00826-10.

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ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis encodes seven extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors. Three (σM, σW, and σX) mediate responses to cell envelope-active antibiotics. The functions of σV, σY, σZ, and σYlaC remain largely unknown, and strong inducers of these σ factors and their regulons have yet to be defined. Here, we define transcriptomic and phenotypic differences under nonstress conditions between a strain carrying deletions in all seven ECF σ factor genes (the Δ7ECF mutant), a ΔMWX triple mutant, and the parental 168 strain. Our results identify >80 genes as at least partially dependent on

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Ho, Theresa D., Jessica L. Hastie, Peter J. Intile та Craig D. Ellermeier. "The Bacillus subtilis Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factor σVIs Induced by Lysozyme and Provides Resistance to Lysozyme". Journal of Bacteriology 193, № 22 (2011): 6215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.05467-11.

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Bacteria encounter numerous environmental stresses which can delay or inhibit their growth. Many bacteria utilize alternative σ factors to regulate subsets of genes required to overcome different extracellular assaults. The largest group of these alternative σ factors are the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors. In this paper, we demonstrate that the expression of the ECF σ factor σVinBacillus subtilisis induced specifically by lysozyme but not other cell wall-damaging agents. A mutation insigVresults in increased sensitivity to lysozyme killing, suggesting that σVis required for lysozym

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7

Luo, Yun, та John D. Helmann. "Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors with Overlapping Promoter Specificity Regulate Sublancin Production in Bacillus subtilis". Journal of Bacteriology 191, № 15 (2009): 4951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00549-09.

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ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis harbors seven extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors. At least three ECF σ factors (σM, σW, and σX) are induced by, and provide resistance to, antibiotics and other agents eliciting cell envelope stress. Here, we report that ECF σ factors also contribute to antibiotic production. B. subtilis 168 strains that are lysogenic for the SPβ bacteriophage produce sublancin, which inhibits the growth of other, nonlysogenic strains. Genetic studies demonstrate that synthesis of sublancin is largely dependent on σX, with a smaller contribution from σM. A sigM sigX double mut

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8

Wecke, Tina, Birgit Veith, Armin Ehrenreich, and Thorsten Mascher. "Cell Envelope Stress Response in Bacillus licheniformis: Integrating Comparative Genomics, Transcriptional Profiling, and Regulon Mining To Decipher a Complex Regulatory Network." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 21 (2006): 7500–7511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01110-06.

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ABSTRACT The envelope is an essential structure of the bacterial cell, and maintaining its integrity is a prerequisite for survival. To ensure proper function, transmembrane signal-transducing systems, such as two-component systems (TCS) and extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors, closely monitor its condition and respond to harmful perturbations. Both systems consist of a transmembrane sensor protein (histidine kinase or anti-σ factor, respectively) and a corresponding cytoplasmic transcriptional regulator (response regulator or σ factor, respectively) that mediates the cellular response t

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9

Mascher, Thorsten, Anna-Barbara Hachmann та John D. Helmann. "Regulatory Overlap and Functional Redundancy among Bacillus subtilis Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors". Journal of Bacteriology 189, № 19 (2007): 6919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00904-07.

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ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis encodes seven extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors that regulate partially overlapping regulons related to cell envelope homeostasis and antibiotic resistance. Here, we investigated their physiological role by constructing a mutant set of single, double, triple, and quadruple ECF σ factor deletions in the undomesticated B. subtilis strain NCIB3610. This mutant set was subsequently screened for defects in motility, multicellular differentiation, and sensitivity to more than 200 chemicals by using Phenotype MicroArrays. A quadruple mutant strain, harboring deletio

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10

de Dios, Rubén, Eduardo Santero та Francisca Reyes-Ramírez. "Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors as Tools for Coordinating Stress Responses". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, № 8 (2021): 3900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083900.

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The ability of bacterial core RNA polymerase (RNAP) to interact with different σ factors, thereby forming a variety of holoenzymes with different specificities, represents a powerful tool to coordinately reprogram gene expression. Extracytoplasmic function σ factors (ECFs), which are the largest and most diverse family of alternative σ factors, frequently participate in stress responses. The classification of ECFs in 157 different groups according to their phylogenetic relationships and genomic context has revealed their diversity. Here, we have clustered 55 ECF groups with experimentally stud

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Pinto, Daniela, Qiang Liu та Thorsten Mascher. "ECF σ factors with regulatory extensions: the one‐component systems of the σ universe". Molecular Microbiology 112, № 2 (2019): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mmi.14323.

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12

Todor, Horia, Hendrik Osadnik, Elizabeth A. Campbell, et al. "Rewiring the specificity of extracytoplasmic function sigma factors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 52 (2020): 33496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020204117.

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Bacterial genomes are being sequenced at an exponentially increasing rate, but our inability to decipher their transcriptional wiring limits our ability to derive new biology from these sequences. De novo determination of regulatory interactions requires accurate prediction of regulators’ DNA binding and precise determination of biologically significant binding sites. Here we address these challenges by solving the DNA-specificity code of extracytoplasmic function sigma factors (ECF σs), a major family of bacterial regulators, and determining their putative regulons. We generated an aligned co

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13

Masloboeva, Nadezda, Luzia Reutimann, Philipp Stiefel та ін. "Reactive Oxygen Species-Inducible ECF σ Factors of Bradyrhizobium japonicum". PLoS ONE 7, № 8 (2012): e43421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043421.

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14

Mascher, Thorsten. "Signaling diversity and evolution of extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors". Current Opinion in Microbiology 16, № 2 (2013): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2013.02.001.

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15

Lee, Yong Heon, Ki Hyun Nam та John D. Helmann. "A Mutation of the RNA Polymerase β′ Subunit (rpoC) Confers Cephalosporin Resistance in Bacillus subtilis". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, № 1 (2012): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01449-12.

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ABSTRACTIn bacteria, mutations affecting the major catalytic subunits of RNA polymerase (encoded byrpoBandrpoC) emerge in response to a variety of selective pressures. Here we isolated aBacillus subtilisstrain with high-level resistance to cefuroxime (CEF). Whole-genome resequencing revealed only one missense mutation affecting an invariant residue in close proximity to the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of RpoC (G1122D). Genetic reconstruction experiments demonstrate that this substitution is sufficient to confer CEF resistance. The G1122D mutation leads to elevated expression of stress-respon

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16

Cao, Min, та John D. Helmann. "Regulation of the Bacillus subtilis bcrC Bacitracin Resistance Gene by Two Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors". Journal of Bacteriology 184, № 22 (2002): 6123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.22.6123-6129.2002.

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ABSTRACT Bacitracin resistance is normally conferred by either of two major mechanisms, the BcrABC transporter, which pumps out bacitracin, or BacA, an undecaprenol kinase that provides C55-isoprenyl phosphate by de novo synthesis. We demonstrate that the Bacillus subtilis bcrC (ywoA) gene, encoding a putative bacitracin transport permease, is an important bacitracin resistance determinant. A bcrC mutant strain had an eightfold-higher sensitivity to bacitracin. Expression of bcrC initiated from a single promoter site that could be recognized by either of two extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ f

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17

Teng, Shiyu, Tingting Wu, Donghao Gao, et al. "Insight into the Global Negative Regulation of Iron Scavenger 7-HT Biosynthesis by the SigW/RsiW System in Pseudomonas donghuensis HYS." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021184.

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7-Hydroxytropolone (7-HT) is a unique iron scavenger synthesized by Pseudomonas donghuensis HYS that has various biological activities in addition to functioning as a siderophore. P. donghuensis HYS is more pathogenic than P. aeruginosa toward Caenorhabditis elegans, an observation that is closely linked to the biosynthesis of 7-HT. The nonfluorescent siderophore (nfs) gene cluster is responsible for the orderly biosynthesis of 7-HT and represents a competitive advantage that contributes to the increased survival of P. donghuensis HYS; however, the regulatory mechanisms of 7-HT biosynthesis re

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18

Kędzierska-Mieszkowska, Sabina, та Zbigniew Arent. "Immunoreactivity of a Putative ECF σ Factor, LIC_10559, from Leptospira interrogans with Sera from Leptospira-Infected Animals". Pathogens 12, № 4 (2023): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040512.

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L. interrogans belongs to highly invasive spirochaetes causing leptospirosis in mammals, including humans. During infection, this pathogen is exposed to various stressors, and therefore, it must reprogram its gene expression to survive in the host and establish infection in a short duration of time. Host adaptation is possible thanks to molecular responses where appropriate regulators and signal transduction systems participate. Among the bacterial regulators, there are σ factors, including ECF (extracytoplasmic function) σ factors. The L. interrogans genome encodes 11 putative ECF σE-type fac

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Stockwell, S. B., L. Reutimann, and M. L. Guerinot. "A Role for Bradyrhizobium japonicum ECF16 Sigma Factor EcfS in the Formation of a Functional Symbiosis with Soybean." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 25, no. 1 (2012): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-07-11-0188.

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Alternative sigma (σ) factors, proteins that recruit RNA polymerase core enzyme to target promoters, are one mechanism by which bacteria transcriptionally regulate groups of genes in response to environmental stimuli. A class of σ70 proteins, termed extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors, are involved in cellular processes such as bacterial stress responses and virulence. Here, we describe an ECF16 σ factor, EcfS (Blr4928) from the gram-negative soil bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110, that plays a critical role in the establishment of a functional symbiosis with soybean. Nonpolar i

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Martinez-Malaxetxebarria, Irati, Rudy Muts, Linda van Dijk та ін. "Regulation of Energy Metabolism by the Extracytoplasmic Function (ECF) σ Factors of Arcobacter butzleri". PLoS ONE 7, № 9 (2012): e44796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044796.

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Li, Lingting, Vadim Molodtsov, Wei Lin, Richard H. Ebright, and Yu Zhang. "RNA extension drives a stepwise displacement of an initiation-factor structural module in initial transcription." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 11 (2020): 5801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920747117.

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All organisms—bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes—have a transcription initiation factor that contains a structural module that binds within the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active-center cleft and interacts with template-strand single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the immediate vicinity of the RNAP active center. This transcription initiation-factor structural module preorganizes template-strand ssDNA to engage the RNAP active center, thereby facilitating binding of initiating nucleotides and enabling transcription initiation from initiating mononucleotides. However, this transcription initiation-factor str

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22

Yeoman, Kay H., Alex G. May, Nicola G. deLuca, Daniel B. Stuckey та Andrew W. B. Johnston. "A Putative ECF σ Factor Gene, rpoI, Regulates Siderophore Production in Rhizobium leguminosarum". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 12, № 11 (1999): 994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.11.994.

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A cloned Rhizobium leguminosarum gene, termed rpoI, when transferred to wild-type strains, caused overproduction of the siderophore vicibactin. An rpoI mutant was defective in Fe uptake but was unaffected in symbiotic N2 fixation. The RpoI gene product was similar in sequence to extra-cytoplasmic σ factors of RNA polymerase. Transcription of rpoI was reduced in cells grown in medium that was replete with Fe.

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Guariglia-Oropeza, Veronica, та John D. Helmann. "Bacillus subtilis σVConfers Lysozyme Resistance by Activation of Two Cell Wall Modification Pathways, Peptidoglycan O-Acetylation and d-Alanylation of Teichoic Acids". Journal of Bacteriology 193, № 22 (2011): 6223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.06023-11.

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The seven extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma (σ) factors ofBacillus subtilisare broadly implicated in resistance to antibiotics and other cell envelope stressors mediated, in part, by regulation of cell envelope synthesis and modification enzymes. We here define the regulon of σVas including at least 20 operons, many of which are also regulated by σM, σX, or σW. The σVregulon is strongly and specifically induced by lysozyme, and this induction is key to the intrinsic resistance ofB. subtilisto lysozyme. Strains with null mutations in eithersigVor all seven ECF σ factor genes (Δ7ECF) have es

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Tamizi, Amin-Asyraf, Norliza Abu-Bakar, Aimera-Farhana Samsuddin, Lina Rozano, Rohaiza Ahmad-Redzuan, and Abdul-Munir Abdul-Murad. "Characterisation and Mutagenesis Study of An Alternative Sigma Factor Gene (hrpL) from Erwinia mallotivora Reveal Its Central Role in Papaya Dieback Disease." Biology 9, no. 10 (2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9100323.

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The alternative sigma (σ) factor E, RpoE or HrpL, has been reported to be involved in stress- and pathogenicity-related transcription initiation in Escherichia coli and many other Gram-negative bacteria, including Erwinia spp. and Pseudomonas spp. A previous study identified the hrpL/rpoE transcript as one of the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during early E. mallotivora infection in papaya and those data serve as the basis of the current project. Here, the full coding DNA sequence (CDS) of hrpL from E. mallotivora (EmhrpL) was determined to be 549 bp long, and it encoded a

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Rey-Varela, Diego, Miguel Balado, and Manuel L. Lemos. "The Sigma Factor AsbI Is Required for the Expression of Acinetobactin Siderophore Transport Genes in Aeromonas salmonicida." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 11 (2023): 9672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119672.

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Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (A. salmonicida), a Gram-negative bacterium causing furunculosis in fish, produces the siderophores acinetobactin and amonabactins in order to extract iron from its hosts. While the synthesis and transport of both systems is well understood, the regulation pathways and conditions necessary for the production of each one of these siderophores are not clear. The acinetobactin gene cluster carries a gene (asbI) encoding a putative sigma factor belonging to group 4 σ factors, or, the ExtraCytoplasmic Function (ECF) group. By generating a null asbI mutant, w

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Kędzierska-Mieszkowska, Sabina, Katarzyna Potrykus, Zbigniew Arent та Joanna Krajewska. "Identification of σE-Dependent Promoter Upstream of clpB from the Pathogenic Spirochaete Leptospira interrogans by Applying an E. coli Two-Plasmid System". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, № 24 (2019): 6325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246325.

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There is limited information on gene expression in the pathogenic spirochaete Leptospira interrogans and genetic mechanisms controlling its virulence. Transcription is the first step in gene expression that is often determined by environmental effects, including infection-induced stresses. Alterations in the environment result in significant changes in the transcription of many genes, allowing effective adaptation of Leptospira to mammalian hosts. Thus, promoter and transcriptional start site identification are crucial for determining gene expression regulation and for the understanding of gen

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Ahuja, Umesh, Bhumika Shokeen, Ning Cheng та ін. "Differential regulation of type III secretion and virulence genes inBordetella pertussisandBordetella bronchisepticaby a secreted anti-σ factor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, № 9 (2016): 2341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600320113.

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The BvgAS phosphorelay regulates ∼10% of the annotated genomes ofBordetella pertussisandBordetella bronchisepticaand controls their infectious cycles. The hierarchical organization of the regulatory network allows the integration of contextual signals to control all or specific subsets of BvgAS-regulated genes. Here, we characterize a regulatory node involving a type III secretion system (T3SS)-exported protein, BtrA, and demonstrate its role in determining fundamental differences in T3SS phenotypes amongBordetellaspecies. We show that BtrA binds and antagonizes BtrS, a BvgAS-regulated extracy

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Mishra, Mukti Nath, Santosh Kumar, Namrata Gupta, Simarjot Kaur, Ankush Gupta, and Anil K. Tripathi. "An extracytoplasmic function sigma factor cotranscribed with its cognate anti-sigma factor confers tolerance to NaCl, ethanol and methylene blue in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7." Microbiology 157, no. 4 (2011): 988–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.046672-0.

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Azospirillum brasilense, a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium, is exposed to changes in its abiotic environment, including fluctuations in temperature, salinity, osmolarity, oxygen concentration and nutrient concentration, in the rhizosphere and in the soil. Since extra-cytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors play an important role in stress adaptation, we analysed the role of ECF sigma factor (also known as RpoE or σ E) in abiotic stress tolerance in A. brasilense. An in-frame rpoE deletion mutant of A. brasilense Sp7 was carotenoidless and slow-growing, and was sensitive to salt, ethanol

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Ohki, Reiko, Kozue Tateno, Youji Okada, et al. "A Bacitracin-Resistant Bacillus subtilis Gene Encodes a Homologue of the Membrane-Spanning Subunit of the Bacillus licheniformis ABC Transporter." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 1 (2003): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.1.51-59.2003.

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ABSTRACT Bacitracin is a peptide antibiotic nonribosomally produced by Bacillus licheniformis. The bcrABC genes which confer bacitracin resistance to the bacitracin producer encode ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, which are hypothesized to pump out bacitracin from the cells. Bacillus subtilis 168, which has no bacitracin synthesizing operon, has several genes homologous to bcrABC. It was found that the disruption of ywoA, a gene homologous to bcrC, resulted in hypersensitivity to bacitracin. Resistance to other drugs such as surfactin, iturin A, vancomycin, tunicamycin, gramici

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Huang, Xiaoluo, Daniela Pinto, Georg Fritz, and Thorsten Mascher. "Environmental Sensing in Actinobacteria: a Comprehensive Survey on the Signaling Capacity of This Phylum." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 15 (2015): 2517–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00176-15.

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ABSTRACTSignal transduction is an essential process that allows bacteria to sense their complex and ever-changing environment and adapt accordingly. Three distinct major types of signal-transducing proteins (STPs) can be distinguished: one-component systems (1CSs), two-component systems (2CSs), and extracytoplasmic-function σ factors (ECFs). SinceActinobacteriaare particularly rich in STPs, we comprehensively investigated the abundance and diversity of STPs encoded in 119 actinobacterial genomes, based on the data stored in the Microbial Signal Transduction (MiST) database. Overall, we observe

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Casas-Pastor, Delia, Angelika Diehl та Georg Fritz. "Coevolutionary Analysis Reveals a Conserved Dual Binding Interface between Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors and Class I Anti-σ Factors". mSystems 5, № 4 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00310-20.

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ABSTRACT Extracytoplasmic function σ factors (ECFs) belong to the most abundant signal transduction mechanisms in bacteria. Among the diverse regulators of ECF activity, class I anti-σ factors are the most important signal transducers in response to internal and external stress conditions. Despite the conserved secondary structure of the class I anti-σ factor domain (ASDI) that binds and inhibits the ECF under noninducing conditions, the binding interface between ECFs and ASDIs is surprisingly variable between the published cocrystal structures. In this work, we provide a comprehensive computa

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Lang, Claus, Melanie J. Barnett, Robert F. Fisher, Lucinda S. Smith, Michelle E. Diodati, and Sharon R. Long. "MostSinorhizobium melilotiExtracytoplasmic Function Sigma Factors Control Accessory Functions." mSphere 3, no. 5 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mspheredirect.00454-18.

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ABSTRACTBacteria must sense alterations in their environment and respond with changes in function and/or structure in order to cope. Extracytoplasmic function sigma factors (ECF σs) modulate transcription in response to cellular and environmental signals. The symbiotic nitrogen-fixing alphaproteobacteriumSinorhizobium meliloticarries genes for 11 ECF-like σs (RpoE1 to -E10 and FecI). We hypothesized that some of these play a role in mediating the interaction between the bacterium and its plant symbiotic partner. The bacterium senses changes in its immediate environment as it establishes contac

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Pinto, Daniela, та Rute R. da Fonseca. "Evolution of the extracytoplasmic function σ factor protein family". NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics 2, № 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nargab/lqz026.

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Abstract Understanding transcription has been a central goal of the scientific community for decades. However, much is still unknown, especially concerning how it is regulated. In bacteria, a single DNA-directed RNA-polymerase performs the whole of transcription. It contains multiple subunits, among which the σ factor that confers promoter specificity. Besides the housekeeping σ factor, bacteria encode several alternative σ factors. The most abundant and diverse family of alternative σ factors, the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) family, regulates transcription of genes associated with stressf

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Joshi, Anuja C., Prabhjot Kaur, Radhika K. Nair, Deepti S. Lele, Vinay Kumar Nandicoori та Balasubramanian Gopal. "Selectivity among Anti-σ Factors byMycobacterium tuberculosisClpX Influences Intracellular Levels of Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors". Journal of Bacteriology 201, № 6 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00748-18.

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ABSTRACTExtracytoplasmic function σ factors that are stress inducible are often sequestered in an inactive complex with a membrane-associated anti-σ factor.Mycobacterium tuberculosismembrane-associated anti-σ factors have a small, stable RNA gene A (ssrA)-like degron for targeted proteolysis. Interaction between the unfoldase, ClpX, and a substrate with an accessible degron initiates energy-dependent proteolysis. Four anti-σ factors with a mutation in the degron provided a set of natural substrates to evaluate the influence of the degron on degradation strength in ClpX-substrate processivity.

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Grove, Anne. "Extracytoplasmic Function Sigma Factors Governing Production of the Primary Siderophores in Pathogenic Burkholderia Species." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (February 24, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.851011.

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Bacteria respond to changing environments by modulating their gene expression programs. One of the mechanisms by which this may be accomplished is by substituting the primary σ factor with an alternative σ factor belonging to the family of extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors. ECF σ factors are activated only in presence of specific signals, and they direct the RNA polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe a defined subset of genes. One condition, which may trigger the activation of an ECF σ factor, is iron limitation. To overcome iron starvation, bacteria produce and secrete siderophores, which ch

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Mascher, Thorsten. "Past, Present, and Future of Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors: Distribution and Regulatory Diversity of the Third Pillar of Bacterial Signal Transduction". Annual Review of Microbiology 77, № 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-032221-024032.

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Responding to environmental cues is a prerequisite for survival in the microbial world. Extracytoplasmic function σ factors (ECFs) represent the third most abundant and by far the most diverse type of bacterial signal transduction. While archetypal ECFs are controlled by cognate anti-σ factors, comprehensive comparative genomics efforts have revealed a much higher abundance and regulatory diversity of ECF regulation than previously appreciated. They have also uncovered a diverse range of anti-σ factor–independent modes of controlling ECF activity, including fused regulatory domains and phospho

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Agnoli, Kirsty, Sayali S. Haldipurkar, Yingzhi Tang, Aaron T. Butt та Mark S. Thomas. "Distinct Modes of Promoter Recognition by Two Iron Starvation σ Factors with Overlapping Promoter Specificities". Journal of Bacteriology 201, № 3 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00507-18.

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ABSTRACTOrbS and PvdS are extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors that regulate transcription of operons required for the biosynthesis of the siderophores ornibactin and pyoverdine in theBurkholderia cepaciacomplex andPseudomonasspp., respectively. Here we show that promoter recognition by OrbS requires specific tetrameric −35 and −10 element sequences that are strikingly similar to those of the consensus PvdS-dependent promoter. However, whereasPseudomonas aeruginosaPvdS can serve OrbS-dependent promoters, OrbS cannot utilize PvdS-dependent promoters. To identify features present at OrbS-de

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Castro, Ana N., Lincoln T. Lewerke, Jessica L. Hastie, and Craig D. Ellermeier. "Signal Peptidase Is Necessary and Sufficient for Site 1 Cleavage of RsiV inBacillus subtilisin Response to Lysozyme." Journal of Bacteriology 200, no. 11 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00663-17.

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ABSTRACTExtracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors are a diverse family of alternative σ factors that allow bacteria to sense and respond to changes in the environment. σVis an ECF σ factor found primarily in low-GC Gram-positive bacteria and is required for lysozyme resistance in several opportunistic pathogens. In the absence of lysozyme, σVis inhibited by the anti-σ factor RsiV. In response to lysozyme, RsiV is degraded via the process of regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). RIP is initiated by cleavage of RsiV at site 1, which allows the intramembrane protease RasP to cleave RsiV with

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Casas-Pastor, Delia, Raphael R. Müller, Sebastian Jaenicke та ін. "Expansion and re-classification of the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor family". Nucleic Acids Research, 4 січня 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa1229.

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Abstract Extracytoplasmic function σ factors (ECFs) represent one of the major bacterial signal transduction mechanisms in terms of abundance, diversity and importance, particularly in mediating stress responses. Here, we performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of this protein family by scrutinizing all proteins in the NCBI database. As a result, we identified an average of ∼10 ECFs per bacterial genome and 157 phylogenetic ECF groups that feature a conserved genetic neighborhood and a similar regulation mechanism. Our analysis expands previous classification efforts ∼50-fold, enriches

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Dubey, Ashutosh Prakash, Parul Pandey, Vijay Shankar Singh та ін. "An ECF41 Family σ Factor Controls Motility and Biogenesis of Lateral Flagella in Azospirillum brasilense Sp245". Journal of Bacteriology 202, № 16 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00231-20.

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ABSTRACT ECF41 is a large family of bacterial extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors. Their role in bacterial physiology or behavior, however, is not known. One of the 10 ECF σ factors encoded in the genome of Azospirillum brasilense Sp245, RpoE10, exhibits features characteristic of the typical ECF41-type σ factors. Inactivation of rpoE10 in A. brasilense Sp245 led to an increase in motility that could be complemented by the expression of rpoE10. By comparing the number of lateral flagella, transcriptome, and proteome of A. brasilense Sp245 with those of its rpoE10::km mutant, we show here

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Li, Lingting, Chengli Fang, Ningning Zhuang, Tiantian Wang та Yu Zhang. "Structural basis for transcription initiation by bacterial ECF σ factors". Nature Communications 10, № 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09096-y.

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Oliveira, Rute, Matthew J. Bush, Sílvia Pires, et al. "The novel ECF56 SigG1-RsfG system modulates morphological differentiation and metal-ion homeostasis in Streptomyces tsukubaensis." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78520-x.

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AbstractExtracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors are key transcriptional regulators that prokaryotes have evolved to respond to environmental challenges. Streptomyces tsukubaensis harbours 42 ECFs to reprogram stress-responsive gene expression. Among them, SigG1 features a minimal conserved ECF σ2–σ4 architecture and an additional C-terminal extension that encodes a SnoaL_2 domain, which is characteristic for ECF σ factors of group ECF56. Although proteins with such domain organisation are widely found among Actinobacteria, the functional role of ECFs with a fused SnoaL_2 domain remains u

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Bilyk, Bohdan, Sora Kim, Asif Fazal, Tania A. Baker, and Ryan F. Seipke. "Regulation of Antimycin Biosynthesis Is Controlled by the ClpXP Protease." mSphere 5, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00144-20.

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ABSTRACT The survival of any microbe relies on its ability to respond to environmental change. Use of extracytoplasmic function (ECF) RNA polymerase sigma (σ) factors is a major strategy enabling dynamic responses to extracellular signals. Streptomyces species harbor a large number of ECF σ factors, nearly all of which are uncharacterized, but those that have been characterized generally regulate genes required for morphological differentiation and/or response to environmental stress, except for σAntA, which regulates starter-unit biosynthesis in the production of antimycin, an anticancer comp

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Lima, Lídia dos Passos, Juliana Biar Pereira, Anthony Jhoao Fasabi Flores, et al. "An Extracytoplasmic Function Sigma Factor Required for Full Virulence in Xanthomonas citri pv. citri." Journal of Bacteriology, April 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00624-21.

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The Xanthomonas genus comprises a large number of phytopathogenic species that infect a wide variety of economically important plants worldwide. Bacterial adaptation to the plant and soil environment relies on their repertoire of signal transduction pathways, including alternative sigma factors of the extracytoplasmic function family (σ ECF ).

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Ho, Theresa D., Kelsie M. Nauta, Ute Müh та Craig D. Ellermeier. "Activation of the Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factor σP by β-Lactams in Bacillus thuringiensis Requires the Site-2 Protease RasP". mSphere 4, № 4 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00511-19.

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ABSTRACT Bacteria can utilize alternative σ factors to regulate sets of genes in response to changes in the environment. The largest and most diverse group of alternative σ factors are the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors. σP is an ECF σ factor found in Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis. Previous work showed that σP is induced by ampicillin, a β-lactam antibiotic, and required for resistance to ampicillin. However, it was not known how activation of σP is controlled or what other antibiotics may activate σP. Here, we report that activation of σP is specif

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Guzina, Jelena, та Marko Djordjevic. "Mix-and-matching as a promoter recognition mechanism by ECF σ factors". BMC Evolutionary Biology 17, S1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0865-z.

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Herrou, Julien, Jonathan W. Willett та Sean Crosson. "Structured and Dynamic Disordered Domains Regulate the Activity of a Multifunctional Anti-σ Factor". mBio 6, № 4 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00910-15.

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ABSTRACT The anti-σ factor NepR plays a central role in regulation of the general stress response (GSR) in alphaproteobacteria. This small protein has two known interaction partners: its cognate extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor and the anti-anti-σ factor, PhyR. Stress-dependent phosphorylation of PhyR initiates a protein partner switch that promotes phospho-PhyR binding to NepR, which frees ECF σ to activate transcription of genes required for cell survival under adverse or fluctuating conditions. We have defined key functional roles for structured and intrinsically disordered domains

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Liu, Qiang, Daniela Pinto та Thorsten Mascher. "Characterization of the Widely Distributed Novel ECF42 Group of Extracytoplasmic Function σ Factors inStreptomyces venezuelae". Journal of Bacteriology 200, № 21 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00437-18.

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ABSTRACTExtracytoplasmic function σ factors (ECFs) represent the third most abundant fundamental principle of bacterial signal transduction, outranked only by one- and two-component systems. A recent census of ECFs revealed a large number of novel groups whose functions and regulatory mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Here, we report the characterization of members of the novel group ECF42. ECF42 is a highly abundant and widely distributed ECF group that is present in 11 phyla but is predominantly found inActinobacteria. Analysis of the genomic context conservation did not identify a pu

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de Dios, Rubén, Elena Rivas-Marin, Eduardo Santero та Francisca Reyes-Ramírez. "Two paralogous EcfG σ factors hierarchically orchestrate the activation of the General Stress Response in Sphingopyxis granuli TFA". Scientific Reports 10, № 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-62101-z.

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