Journal articles: 'ECDL laser'

1

Zhang, Linbo, Tao Liu, Long Chen, Guanjun Xu, Chenhui Jiang, Jun Liu, and Shougang Zhang. "Development of an Interference Filter-Stabilized External-Cavity Diode Laser for Space Applications." Photonics 7, no. 1 (January 18, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7010012.

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The National Time Service Center of China is developing a compact, highly stable, 698 nm external-cavity diode laser (ECDL) for dedicated use in a space strontium optical clock. This article presents the optical design, structural design, and preliminary performance of this ECDL. The ECDL uses a narrow-bandwidth interference filter for spectral selection and a cat’s-eye reflector for light feedback. To ensure long-term stable laser operation suitable for space applications, the connections among all the components are rigid and the design avoids any spring-loaded adjustment. The frequency of the first lateral rocking eigenmode is 2316 Hz. The ECDL operates near 698.45 nm, and it has a current-controlled tuning range over 40 GHz and a PZT-controlled tuning range of 3 GHz. The linewidth measured by the heterodyne beating between the ECDL and an ultra-stable laser with 1 Hz linewidth is about 180 kHz. At present, the ECDL has been applied to the principle prototype of the space ultra-stable laser system.

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2

Heng, Zhao, Xiao Xiao, Li Bo, Wang Wen Jin, Hu Yi, and Wang Youqin. "Theoretical investigation of a tunable external cavity diode laser based on a single cavity all-dielectric thin-film Fabry–Perot filter." International Journal of Modern Physics C 27, no. 01 (January 2016): 1650005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183116500054.

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The single cavity all-dielectric thin film Fabry–Perot filter (s-AFPF) has been theoretically investigated in this paper as a means of tuning the wavelength in an external cavity diode laser (ECDL), and the means of limiting longitudinal mode hopping has been also theoretically investigated. When a TE or TM plane wave irradiates an s-AFPF, a quasi-linear relationship is found in a certain wavelength range between the optical intensity peak transmittance wavelength of s-AFPF and the cosine value of plane wave incident angle at s-AFPF. Based on this feature, we proposed and theoretically investigated an ECDL configuration based on an s-AFPF. By theoretical calculation, the actuator flat edge against the steel ball may be replaced by a bent edge to convert the mode-hop wavelength region into mode-hop-free wavelength region. The ECDL can be used in the application of environmental monitoring, atomic and molecular laser spectroscopy research, precise measurements, and so on.

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3

Preuschoff, Tilman, Patrick Baus, Malte Schlosser, and Gerhard Birkl. "Wideband current modulation of diode lasers for frequency stabilization." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 063002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093520.

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We present a current modulation technique for diode laser systems, which is specifically designed for high-bandwidth laser frequency stabilization and wideband frequency modulation with a flat transfer function. It consists of a dedicated current source and an impedance matching circuit both placed close to the laser diode. The transfer behavior of the system is analyzed under realistic conditions employing an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) system. We achieve a phase lag smaller than 90° up to 25 MHz and a gain flatness of ±3 dB in the frequency range of DC to 100 MHz, while the passive stability of the laser system is not impaired. The potential of the current modulation scheme is demonstrated in an optical phase-locked loop between two ECDL systems with a phase noise of 42 mradrms. The design files are available as an open-source project.

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4

Peng, Xiqing, Weixuan Luo, Yun Bai, Bin Zhang, Yusheng Zhang, Qiang Ling, Hao Chen, Si Luo, Zuguang Guan, and Daru Chen. "Study of wavelength-switchable watt-level blue external cavity diode laser for NO₂ S-DIAL." Laser Physics 33, no. 1 (December 8, 2022): 015801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/aca6de.

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Abstract A 2.3 W wavelength-switchable blue external cavity diode laser (ECDL) was studied. The laser was built on Littrow configuration and a piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT) driver was employed to change the Littrow angle for wavelength tuning. Its emitting wavelength can be switched between 447.46 nm and 448.10 nm which are the required wavelengths for NO2 differential absorption lidar application. The measured spectral linewidth of the proposed ECDL was 0.08 nm. The main peak was at least 35 dB stronger than its adjacent freely running emission peak and background amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The wavelength switching dynamics were inspected and shows good repeatability at frequencies of 16.7 Hz and 50 Hz.

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5

Khalid, Dastan. "Dark State Magnetometer Based on Enhanced Acousto-Optics Modulator." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 11324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211324.

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We report on detailed experimental setup and the results of an enhanced acousto-optics modulator (AOM) setup for observation of a dark state magnetometer. A Λ-type dark state based on D1 line of 87Rb:F=2→F′=1 Zeeman sub-levels with neon (Ne) buffer gas was created using a single laser and a scanning acousto-optics modulator. The technical challenges in using this method and how to overcome these difficulties are discussed, and we report on the observation of a dark state resonance with linewidth of 168 Hz and a detectable magnetic field of 9 nT. This method offers many advantages, including the creation of mutually coherent beams outside an external cavity diode laser (ECDL), where the beams are equally affected by external perturbations to the ECDL. Only factors related to the AOM dictates the difference between the two beams.

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Wang, Yan, Hao Wu, Chao Chen, Yinli Zhou, Yubing Wang, Lei Liang, Zhenhua Tian, Li Qin, and Lijun Wang. "An Ultra-High-SMSR External-Cavity Diode Laser with a Wide Tunable Range around 1550 nm." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 4390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204390.

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In this paper, a widely tunable external cavity diode laser (ECDL) with an ultra-high side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) was fabricated. Three configurations were constructed to investigate the relationship between the grating features and the SMSR. When a 1200 grooves/mm grating with a first order diffraction efficiency of 91% is utilized in the external-cavity laser system, a maximum SMSR of 65 dB can be achieved. In addition, the tunable range reaches 209.9 nm. The results show that the laser performance can be improved by proper high grating groove number and first-order diffraction efficiency.

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Shen, Ze-Min, Xiao-Long Zhou, Dong-Yu Huang, Yu-Hao Pan, Li Li, Jian Wang, Chuan-Feng Li, and Guang-Can Guo. "Continuously and widely tunable frequency-stabilized laser based on an optical frequency comb." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 023001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0120119.

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Continuously and widely tunable lasers, actively stabilized on a frequency reference, are broadly employed in atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics. The frequency-stabilized optical frequency comb (OFC) provides a novel optical frequency reference, with a broadband spectrum that meets the requirement of laser frequency stabilization. Therefore, we demonstrate a frequency-stabilized and precisely tunable laser system based on it. In this scheme, the laser frequency locked to the OFC is driven to jump over the ambiguity zones, which blocks the wide tuning of the locked laser, and tuned until the mode hopping happens with the always-activated feedback loop. Meanwhile, we compensate the gap of the frequency jump with a synchronized acoustic optical modulator to ensure the continuity. This scheme is applied to an external cavity diode laser (ECDL), and we achieve tuning at a rate of about 7 GHz/s, with some readily available commercial electronics. Furthermore, we tune the frequency-stabilized laser only with the feedback of diode current, and its average tuning speed can exceed 100 GHz/s. Due to the resource-efficient configuration and the simplicity of completion, this scheme can be referenced and can find wide applications in AMO experiments.

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8

Nehrir, Amin R., Kevin S. Repasky, John L. Carlsten, Michael D. Obland, and Joseph A. Shaw. "Water Vapor Profiling Using a Widely Tunable, Amplified Diode-Laser-Based Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL)." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 4 (April 1, 2009): 733–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1201.1.

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Abstract A differential absorption lidar (DIAL) instrument for automated profiling of water vapor in the lower troposphere has been designed, tested, and is in routine operation at Montana State University. The laser transmitter for the DIAL instrument uses a widely tunable external cavity diode laser (ECDL) to injection seed two cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) to produce a laser transmitter that accesses the 824–841-nm spectral range. The DIAL receiver utilizes a 28-cm-diameter Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope; an avalanche photodiode (APD) detector; and a narrowband optical filter to collect, discriminate, and measure the scattered light. A technique of correcting for the wavelength-dependent incident angle upon the narrowband optical filter as a function of range has been developed to allow accurate water vapor profiles to be measured down to 225 m above the surface. Data comparisons using the DIAL instrument and collocated radiosonde measurements are presented demonstrating the capabilities of the DIAL instrument.

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Nehrir, Amin R., Kevin S. Repasky, and John L. Carlsten. "Eye-Safe Diode-Laser-Based Micropulse Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) for Water Vapor Profiling in the Lower Troposphere." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 28, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecha1452.1.

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Abstract A second-generation diode-laser-based master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configured micropulse differential absorption lidar (DIAL) instrument for profiling of lower-tropospheric water vapor is presented. The DIAL transmitter is based on a continuous wave (cw) external cavity diode laser (ECDL) master oscillator that is used to injection seed two cascaded tapered semiconductor optical power amplifiers, which deliver up to 2-μJ pulse energies over a 1-μs pulse duration at 830 nm with an average power of ∼40 mW at a pulse repetition frequency of 20 kHz. The DIAL receiver utilizes a commercial 28-cm-diameter Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope, a 250-pm narrowband optical filter, and a fiber-coupled single-photon-counting Avalanche photodiode (APD) detector, yielding a far-field full-angle field of view of 170 μrad. A detailed description of the second-generation Montana State University (MSU) DIAL instrument is presented. Water vapor number density profiles and time–height cross sections collected with the water vapor DIAL instrument are also presented and compared with collocated radiosonde measurements, demonstrating the instruments ability to measure night- and daytime water vapor profiles in the lower troposphere.

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10

Horstjann, M., M. D. Andrés Hernández, V. Nenakhov, A. Chrobry, and J. P. Burrows. "Peroxy radical detection for airborne atmospheric measurements using absorption spectroscopy of NO<sub>2</sub>." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 5 (May 13, 2014): 1245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1245-2014.

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Abstract. Development of an airborne instrument for the determination of peroxy radicals (PeRCEAS – peroxy radical chemical enhancement and absorption spectroscopy) is reported. Ambient peroxy radicals (HO2 and RO2, R being an organic chain) are converted to NO2 in a reactor using a chain reaction involving NO and CO. Provided that the amplification factor, called effective chain length (eCL), is known, the concentration of NO2 can be used as a proxy for the peroxy radical concentration in the sampled air. The eCL depends on radical surface losses and must thus be determined experimentally for each individual setup. NO2 is detected by continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) using an extended cavity diode laser (ECDL) at 408.9 nm. Optical feedback from a V-shaped resonator maximizes transmission and allows for a simple detector setup. CRDS directly yields absorption coefficients, thus providing NO2 concentrations without additional calibration. The optimum 1σ detection limit is 0.3 ppbv at an averaging time of 40 s and an inlet pressure of 300 hPa. Effective chain lengths were determined for HO2 and CH3O2 at different inlet pressures. The 1σ detection limit at an inlet pressure of 300 hPa for HO2 is 3 pptv for an averaging time of 120 s.

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11

Qian, Jiaping, Lei Zhang, Huawei Jiang, Shuzhen Cui, Jiaqi Zhou, and Yan Feng. "2 W single-frequency, low-noise 509 nm laser via single-pass frequency doubling of an ECDL-seeded Yb fiber amplifier." Applied Optics 57, no. 29 (October 9, 2018): 8733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.57.008733.

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12

Zhao, Douyan, Zhaoyang Zhang, Hao Zhu, Zenghui Cao, and Kun Xu. "An Investigation into Laser-Assisted Electrochemical Discharge Machining of Transparent Insulating Hard-Brittle Material." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010022.

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Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) and laser machining are emerging nontraditional machining technologies suitable for micro-processing of insulating and hard-brittle materials typified by glass. However, poor machinability of glass is a major constraint, which remains to be solved. For the micro-grooves processed by ECDM, the bottom surface is usually uneven and associated with protrusion structures, while the edges are not straight with obvious wave-shaped heat-affected zones (HAZs) and over-cutting. Besides, the cross section of the micro-grooves processed by the laser is V-shape with a large taper. To solve these problems, this study proposed the laser-assisted ECDM for glass micro-grooving, which combines ECDM and laser machining. This study compared morphological features of the single processing method and the hybrid processing method. The results show that ECDM caused cylindrical protrusions at the bottom of the microgrooves. After processing these micro-grooves by laser, the cylindrical protrusions were removed. However, the edge quality of the microgrooves was still poor. Therefore, we used the laser to get microgrooves first, so we got micro-grooves with better edge quality. Then we use ECDM to improve the taper of microgrooves and the cross-sectional shape of the microgrooves transformed from a V-shape to a U-shape.

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13

Bornheim, A. "The CMS ECAL Laser Monitoring System." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 197, no. 1 (December 2009): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2009.10.071.

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14

Rogan, Christopher. "Laser monitoring for the CMS ECAL." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 623, no. 1 (November 2010): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.217.

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15

Lieber, R. L., B. O. Ljung, and J. Fridén. "Intraoperative sarcomere length measurements reveal differential design of human wrist extensor muscles." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.1.19.

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The design of the wrist extensor muscles was studied using a combination of intraoperative laser diffraction and biomechanical modelling of data obtained from human patients and previously published data. Intraoperatively, the change in sarcomere length per degree joint angle rotation (i.e. dSL/d omega) was measured as the wrist was moved from neutral to full flexion in both the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) muscles. Sarcomere length change per degree rotation was approximately twice as great for the ECRB compared with the ECRL muscle (9.06 +/- 1.06 versus 4.69 +/- 1.20 nm degree-1, mean +/- S.E.M., N = 7). Muscle fibre length and wrist extensor moment arms were obtained from published data and dSL/d omega calculated. The experimental values for dSL/d omega were extremely close to the calculated values. These data demonstrate that architectural differences between the ECRB and ECRL are accentuated by differences between their wrist extensor moment arms. This differential design may permit the extensor muscles, as a group, to generate high force over a wider range of velocities than would be possible with a single muscle or it may permit conservation of mass such that the two muscles together can generate approximately the same force and excursion as a single muscle but with approximately 30% less mass.

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Timciuc, Vladlen, and the Cms Ecal Group. "Database usage in the CMS ECAL laser monitoring system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 219, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 022045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/219/2/022045.

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17

Blaj, Diana-Andreea, Marek Kowalczuk, and Cristian Peptu. "Mass Spectrometry of Esterified Cyclodextrins." Molecules 28, no. 5 (February 21, 2023): 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052001.

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Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides that have received special attention due to their cavity-based structural architecture that imbues them with outstanding properties, primarily related to their capacity to host various guest molecules, from low-molecular-mass compounds to polymers. Cyclodextrin derivatization has been always accompanied by the development of characterization methods, able to unfold complicated structures with increasing precision. One of the important leaps forward is represented by mass spectrometry techniques with soft ionization, mainly matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). In this context, esterified cyclodextrins (ECDs) benefited also from the formidable input of structural knowledge, thus allowing the understanding of the structural impact of reaction parameters on the obtained products, especially for the ring-opening oligomerization of cyclic esters. The current review envisages the common mass spectrometry approaches such as direct MALDI MS or ESI MS analysis, hyphenated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry, employed for unraveling the structural features and particular processes associated with ECDs. Thus, the accurate description of complex architectures, advances in the gas phase fragmentation processes, assessment of secondary reactions, and reaction kinetics are discussed in addition to typical molecular mass measurements.

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Fawzy, Ahmed, Osama M. El-Ghandour, and Hesham F. A. Hamed. "Performance Analysis on a Dual External Cavity Tunable Laser ECTL Source." Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 07, no. 04 (2015): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2015.74015.

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19

Chu, Raymond R., and Wilson T. C. Wong. "Miniaturized external cavity laser (ECL) implemented with acoustic optical tunable filter." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, no. 2 (2006): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2174407.

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Savchenko, Y. "Study of radiation damage and possible upgrade of the CMS ECAL Laser Monitoring system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1337 (October 2019): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1337/1/012007.

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21

Sung, Youl-Moon. "Investigation of Glass Substrate Sealing for ECL Application using Laser Welding Technology." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 29, no. 12 (December 31, 2015): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2015.29.12.028.

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22

Perazzini, Stefano, Fabio Ferrari, and Vincenzo Maria Vagnoni. "Development of an MCP-Based Timing Layer for the LHCb ECAL Upgrade-2." Instruments 6, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments6010007.

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The increase in instantaneous luminosity during the high-luminosity phase of the LHC represents a significant challenge for future detectors. A strategy to cope with high-pileup conditions is to add a fourth dimension to the measurements of the hits, by exploiting the time separation of the various proton–proton primary collisions. According to LHCb simulation studies, resolutions of about 10–20 picoseconds, at least an order of magnitude shorter than the average time span between primary interactions, would be greatly beneficial for the physics reach of the experiment. Microchannel plate (MCP) photomultipliers are compact devices capable of measuring the arrival time of charged particles with the required resolution. The technology of large-area picosecond photodetectors (LAPPDs) is under investigation to implement a timing layer that can be placed within a sampling calorimeter module with the purpose of measuring the arrival time of electromagnetic showers. LAPPD performances, using a Gen-I tile with a delay-line anode and a Gen-II with a capacitively coupled anode, have been measured thoroughly both with laser (wavelength of 405 nm and pulse width of 27.5 ps FWHM) and high-energy electron (1–5.8 GeV) beams. Time resolutions of the order of 30 ps for single photoelectrons and 15 ps for electromagnetic showers initiated by 5-GeV electrons, as measured at the shower maximum, are obtained.

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23

Office, Editorial. "Congratulations! The Best Paper Award & Best Review Award 2016." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 6 (November 4, 2016): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0851.

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The seventh Best Paper Award 2016 ceremony was held at Guimaraes, Portugal, August 24, 2016 in the 66th CIRP General Assembly, and the second Best Review Award 2016 ceremony was held at Kasumigaseki, Tokyo, September 23, 2016, attended by the winners and IJAT committee members who took part in the selection process. The Best Paper was severely selected from among 85 papers published in Vol.9 (2015) and the Best Review was selected from 10 reviews published from 2013 to 2016. The Best Paper Award winner was given a certificate with a nearly US$1,000 honorarium and the Best Review Award winner was given a certificate with commemorative shield. We congratulate the winner and sincerely wish for their future success. The Best Paper Award 2016 Advanced Control Strategies for Active Vibration Suppression in Laser Cutting Machines by Berend Denkena, Martin Eckl, and Thomas Lepper Int. J. of Automation Technology Vol.9 No.4, pp. 425-435, July, 2015 The Best Review Award 2016 In-Process and On-Machine Measurement of Machining Accuracy for Process and Product Quality Management: A Review by Yasuhiro Takaya Int. J. of Automation Technology Vol.8 No.1 pp. 4-19, January, 2014

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Office, Editorial. "Congratulations! The Best Paper Award & Best Review Award 2016." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 6 (November 4, 2016): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p851.

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The seventh Best Paper Award 2016 ceremony was held at Guimaraes, Portugal, August 24, 2016 in the 66th CIRP General Assembly, and the second Best Review Award 2016 ceremony was held at Kasumigaseki, Tokyo, September 23, 2016, attended by the winners and IJAT committee members who took part in the selection process. The Best Paper was severely selected from among 85 papers published in Vol.9 (2015) and the Best Review was selected from 10 reviews published from 2013 to 2016. The Best Paper Award winner was given a certificate with a nearly US$1,000 honorarium and the Best Review Award winner was given a certificate with commemorative shield. We congratulate the winner and sincerely wish for their future success. The Best Paper Award 2016 Advanced Control Strategies for Active Vibration Suppression in Laser Cutting Machines by Berend Denkena, Martin Eckl, and Thomas Lepper Int. J. of Automation Technology Vol.9 No.4, pp. 425-435, July, 2015 The Best Review Award 2016 In-Process and On-Machine Measurement of Machining Accuracy for Process and Product Quality Management: A Review by Yasuhiro Takaya Int. J. of Automation Technology Vol.8 No.1 pp. 4-19, January, 2014

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Esporcatte, Louise Pellegrino Gomes, Marcella Q. Salomão, Alexandre Batista da Costa Neto, Aydano P. Machado, Bernardo T. Lopes, and Renato Ambrósio. "Enhanced Diagnostics for Corneal Ectatic Diseases: The Whats, the Whys, and the Hows." Diagnostics 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 3027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123027.

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There are different fundamental diagnostic strategies for patients with ectatic corneal diseases (ECDs): screening, confirmation of the diagnosis, classification of the type of ECD, severity staging, prognostic assessment, and clinical follow-up. The conscious application of such strategies enables individualized treatments. The need for improved diagnostics of ECD is related to the advent of therapeutic refractive procedures that are considered prior to keratoplasty. Among such less invasive procedures, we include corneal crosslinking, customized ablations, and intracorneal ring segment implantation. Besides the paradigm shift in managing patients with ECD, enhancing the sensitivity to detect very mild forms of disease, and characterizing the inherent susceptibility for ectasia progression, became relevant for identifying patients at higher risk for progressive iatrogenic ectasia after laser vision correction (LVC). Moreover, the hypothesis that mild keratoconus is a risk factor for delivering a baby with Down’s syndrome potentially augments the relevance of the diagnostics of ECD. Multimodal refractive imaging involves different technologies, including Placido-disk corneal topography, Scheimpflug 3-D tomography, segmental or layered tomography with layered epithelial thickness using OCT (optical coherence tomography), and digital very high-frequency ultrasound (VHF-US), and ocular wavefront. Corneal biomechanical assessments and genetic and molecular biology tests have translated to clinical measurements. Artificial intelligence allows for the integration of a plethora of clinical data and has proven its relevance in facilitating clinical decisions, allowing personalized or individualized treatments.

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Coops, Nicholas C., Piotr Tompalski, Wiebe Nijland, Gregory J. M. Rickbeil, Scott E. Nielsen, Christopher W. Bater, and J. John Stadt. "Corrigendum to “A forest structure habitat index based on airborne laser scanning data” [Ecol. Indic. 67 (August) (2016) 346–357]." Ecological Indicators 70 (November 2016): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.06.048.

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Hasiuk, P. A., O. A. Krasnokutskiy, A. B. Vorobets, N. V. Huda, and S. O. Rosolovska. "Mechanisms of remodeling oral soft tissues (literature review)." Experimental and Clinical Dentistry 06-07, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2019): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ecd.2019.1-2.12-17.

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Based on the analysis of modern literature, a systematization of information of the soft tissues of the oral cavity remodeling mechanisms after surgical interventions was carried out. Priority area in modern medical practice is the development and use of such methods and drugs that combine maximum safety and high biological activity in relation to body tissues. A number of scientists have proposed and introduced into practical medicine the technology of programmed scar remodeling. According to this technique, injections of antihomotoxic substances directly around the surgical wound are required, which reduce the duration of edema in the tissues. A number of authors have studied the use of a minimally invasive microsurgical method based on fractional laser photothermolysis to initiate the regeneration of gums and oral mucosa. As a result of the study, it was found that microscopic thermal wounds in the form of damage islands surrounded by normal viable tissue contribute to stimulation of regeneration, which leads to complete restoration of the tissue without scar formation. Recently, methods of using directed tissue regeneration have been widely introduced into practice. In this technique, cellular structures are used that increase the activity of regenerative processes - fibroblasts, platelet plasma. Great importance in the processes of regeneration of the oral mucosa has the epidermal growth factor EGF. It is a globular protein, acts like a strong mitogen on cells of endodermal, ectodermal and mesodermal origin. The epidermal factor stimulates cell proliferation and, in combination with other cytokines, is a factor that accelerates wound healing and angiogenesis. For the treatment of patients with periodontal tissue damage, a number of scientists have proposed a method for using an adhesive protective wound cover created with biotechnological high molecular weight hyaluronic acid. Thus, the analysis of literary sources and the systematization of the available information proves the relevance of further studying the features of the mechanisms of remodeling of soft tissues of the oral cavity. Needs of modern maxillofacial surgery requires morphological study for improvement of existing and development of new treatments for patients.

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Galaverna, Federica, Robert Wynn, Patrizia Comoli, Aastha Chandak, Enrikas Vainorius, Thomas Brundage, Essy Mozaffari, and Garrett Nichols. "1732. Adenovirus Load Dynamics Are Consistently Correlated With Risk of Mortality in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: Findings From the Landmark AdVance Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S58—S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy209.138.

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Abstract Background Adenovirus (AdV) infection is an important cause of mortality among allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients. Current European Conference of Infections in Leukemia (ECIL-4) guidelines support weekly AdV screening for those at-risk and pre-emptive antiviral treatment with off-label cidofovir when adenoviremia is detected. However, there is limited understanding of the relative prognostic strength of different dynamic AdV viral load measures. We examined the association between adenovirus viral load dynamics and mortality in pediatric allo-HCT recipients managed under the current standard of care. Methods AdVance was a multinational, multicenter study characterizing the current screening and treatment practices for AdV infection in allo-HCT recipients between January 2013 and September 2015. This analysis focused on pediatric (<18 years) patients who experienced AdV viremia ≥1,000 copies/mL within 6 months of HCT. Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard models, controlling for factors including immune reconstitution, were used to examine the relationship between AdV viral load dynamics (Figure 1) and all-cause mortality in the 6 months after first AdV viremia ≥1,000 copies/mL. Results A total of 241 pediatric allo-HCT recipients had AdV viremia ≥1,000 copies/mL in the 6 months following allo-HCT. Among these, 43/241 (18%) died within 6 months of first AdV ≥1,000 copies/mL. AdV viral load dynamics; whether measured by AdV AAUC0–16, peak viremia, 2-week change in viremia, or days of viremia >1,000 copies/mL, were consistently correlated with all-cause mortality (Figure 2; hazard ratio [HR] range: 1.3–2.3). Most notably, patients with AdV AAUC0–16 in the highest quartile had an HR of 11.6 relative to those in the lowest (confidence interval: 4.7–24.0; Figure 3). Conclusion AdV infection is a significant risk for allo-HCT recipients. The AdVance study has identified several dynamic measures of AdV viral load that correlate with the risk of mortality in pediatric allo-HCT recipients. Results show for the first time, that AdV AAUC0–16 provides the optimal correlation with mortality in this population and serves as a clinically useful indicator of outcome in patients with AdV infection. Disclosures F. Galaverna, Chimerix, Inc.: Investigator, Research support. R. Wynn, Chimerix, Inc.: Scientific Advisor, Grant recipient and Speaker honorarium. Orchard Therapeutics: Scientific Advisor and Shareholder, Consulting fee and Licensing agreement or royalty. Genzyme: Scientific Advisor, Speaker honorarium. P. Comoli, Chimerix, Inc.: Investigator, Research support. A. Chandak, Chimerix, Inc.: Research Contractor, Research support. Analytica Laser: Employee, Salary. E. Vainorius, Chimerix, Inc.: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. T. Brundage, Chimerix, Inc.: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. E. Mozaffari, Chimerix, Inc.: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. G. Nichols, Chimerix, Inc.: Employee and Shareholder, Salary.

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Samarasena, Jason B., Kenneth J. Chang, Amrita Ahluwalia, Susumu Shinoura, Kee Don Choi, John G. Lee, and Andrzej S. Tarnawski. "681 Novel Insight Into Gastric Enteric Nervous System Using EUS-Guided Needle Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy, Neuronal Probe and Molecular Imaging. Evidence for Common Mediators and Cross-Talk Between Neural Epithelial & ECL Cells." Gastroenterology 146, no. 5 (May 2014): S—121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(14)60435-2.

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Hambright, Heather G., Anand V. R. Kornepati, Dai Ogata, Roland R. L. Bassett, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu, Elizabeth A. Grimm, and Tyler J. Curiel. "Abstract B10: High-dimensional (30-plex) imaging mass cytometry on tissue microarray identifies novel PD-L1-inclusive immunophenotypes associated with overall survival in stage III melanoma." Cancer Research 80, no. 19_Supplement (October 1, 2020): B10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.mel2019-b10.

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Abstract We sought to determine the subcellular distribution of 30+ immune-related markers including PD-L1 in stage III melanoma tumor tissues (nuclear, cytoplasmic, surface) using novel imaging mass cytometry technology that enables simultaneous detection of over 30 immune and tumor markers. Metal-tagged antibodies were used to stain stage III melanoma tissues similarly to an IHC-based protocol, followed by laser ablation and mass cytometry using the Helios® and Hyperion® technology (Fluidigm). Markers for immune subsets included CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, PD-1, Granzyme B, FoxP3, CD11b, CD11c, CD107, CD20, Vista, and CD68. Markers for tumor cell phenotyping included PD-L1 (intracellular and extracellular domain specific), E-cadherin, B-catenin, PD-L2, and keratin 8/18. Structural, inflammatory, survival, and signaling markers included Ki67, p53, p-tyrosine, Bcl-2, Cl-caspase 3, histone H3, collagen-1, actin, and arginase-1. We further validated subcellular distribution of PD-L1 in the same patient tumor cores using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies and 100X confocal microscopy to show difference in surface-only, cytoplasmic-only, and nuclear PD-L1. We then assessed the association between subcellular PD-L1 and immune populations in the tumor microenvironment, along with overall and recurrence-free survival. We wrote custom algorithms for data processing to identify novel immune subsets, ran SPADE and viSNE analyses for cross-validation, and employed Imaris Bitplane software to validate our own algorithms for immune population identification. Overall, we found that intracellular-only PD-L1 in tumor tissues has the highest correlation (Pearson r) to CD11b, FoxP3, PD-1, arginase, Ki67, PD-L2 and nuclear stain iridium, while extracellular (surface) PD-L1 in tumors has the highest correlation (Pearson r) to FoxP3, PD-1, arginase, Ki67, PD-L2 and Vista. We identified two novel immunophenotypes (histone-3+/p-tyrosinehi /Vistalo / PD-L1-ICDlo / PD-L1-ECDlo and CD11bhi / PD-L1-ICDhi / PD-L1-ECDhi) that are positively associated with overall patient survival. Of note, only phospho-Tyrhi was significantly associated with RFS. This work highlights the use of cutting-edge technology that can employ the highest multiplexing available for assessing novel interactions of 30+ tumor tissue markers for identification of novel immunophenotypes and biomarker in stage III melanoma patients. Our novel study showcases a novel methodologic approach to high-throughput analysis of retrospective profiling of the melanoma tumor immune microenvironment on a single IHC slide, followed by appropriate and rigorous cross-validation using Fluidigm’s novel CyTOF imaging technology. Our study provides a groundwork for this powerful, novel technology in translational and clinical research for biomarker identification and identification of novel combinatorial markers that may predict overall and recurrence-free survival in stage III melanoma. Citation Format: Heather G. Hambright, Anand V.R. Kornepati, Dai Ogata, Roland R.L. Bassett, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu, Elizabeth A. Grimm, Tyler J. Curiel. High-dimensional (30-plex) imaging mass cytometry on tissue microarray identifies novel PD-L1-inclusive immunophenotypes associated with overall survival in stage III melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B10.

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Chao, Wang, Zhou Zhijian, and Cheng Defu. "Research on the signal of 4He pump magnetometer sensor using ECDL laser." Biomedical Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-17-752.

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"An Novel Atomic Scalar Magnetometer Using Laser." International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 14 (April 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9106.2020.14.14.

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The measurement precision of commercial atom scalar magnetometer is relatively backward compared with that of quantum magnetometer. However, the application of quantum magnetometers such as SERF requires more stringent environmental background requirements, which is not suitable for magnetic field measurement in the geomagnetic environment. The purpose of this paper is to design a 4He atom scalar magnetometer using ECDL laser. Compared with the conventional atomic scalar magnetometer, this magnetometer has higher measuring precision and can work normally in the geomagnetic environment. In order to achieve the above goals, the sensitivity formula of the atomic scalar magnetometer is first deduced and calculated, and the key physical factors that directly affect the sensitivity are the optical pumping rate, transverse relaxation rate, and longitudinal relaxation rate. Then, the light source and 4He cell are determined as key components which affect sensitivity. On this basis, the optical path of the 4He atomic scalar magnetometer using laser is designed in this paper. The light path ensures the stability of the laser wavelength of 1083.207nm by the saturation absorption spectrum method, and it ensures the circularly polarized light enters the 4He cell through the combination of various optical components. This paper also studies the electric excitation technology of the 4He cell. And, combined with simulation experiments, the High-Frequency discharge excitation circuit with high energy transfer efficiency and corresponding matching network are determined. Through the optical wavelength meter, it can be determined that the optical path designed in this paper can guarantee the wavelength stability of 1083.207nm for a long time. By analyzing the detection signals of PD, the circularly polarized light enters the 4He cell in the light circuit designed in this paper has a higher degree of polarization. The High-Frequency discharge excitation circuit designed in this paper can light up the cell smoothly, and the input power when the circuit works stably is about 6W. Finally, the static sensitivity of the magnetometer is 5pT/Hz1/2. The 4He atom scalar magnetometer using ECDL laser designed in this paper has high static sensitivity, which basically meets the design requirements, and the instrument can be used normally in the geomagnetic environment. However, the instrument still has a lot of room for improvement, including optical path and cell performance optimization, and we will continue to study in this direction.

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Pham, Tiffany T., Anna M. Stokolosa, Pamela A. Borden, Kyle D. Hansen, Ellen M. Hong, Tatiana B. Krasieva, Ryan H. Sivoraphonh, et al. "Electrochemical degradation and saponification of porcine adipose tissue." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (November 27, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76678-y.

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AbstractBody contouring achieved via subcutaneous adipose tissue reduction has notably advanced over the past century, from suction assisted lipectomy to techniques with reduced degrees of invasiveness including laser, radiofrequency, high frequency focused ultrasound, cryolipolysis, and drug-based injection approaches. These costly techniques have focused on damaging adipocyte cell membranes, hydrolyzing triglycerides (TGs), or inducing apoptosis. Here, we present a simple, low-cost technique, termed electrochemical lipolysis (ECLL). During ECLL, saline is injected into the subcutaneous adipose tissue, followed by insertion of needle electrodes and application of an electrical potential. Electrolysis of saline creates localized pH gradients that drive adipocyte death and saponification of TGs. Using pH mapping, various optical imaging techniques, and biochemical assays, we demonstrate the ability of ECLL to induce acid and base injury, cell death, and the saponification of triglycerides in ex vivo porcine adipose tissue. We define ECLL’s potential role as a minimally-invasive, ultra-low-cost technology for reducing and contouring adipose tissue, and present ECLL as a potential new application of an emerging electrochemical redox based treatment modality.

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Tappang, Renta, Harry Sumual, and Laya Rares. "INDIKASI FOTOKOAGULASI LASER PADA PASIEN RETINOPATI DIABETIK DI BALAI KESEHATAN MATA PROPINSI SULAWESI UTARA PERIODE JANUARI – DESEMBER 2012." e-CliniC 2, no. 1 (February 14, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/ecl.2.1.2014.3599.

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Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the vascular disorders that can occur in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus cases after 10-15 years. Treatment of diabetic retinopathy is based on its severity; one of the treatment is laser photocoagulation.This study aimed to find out the indication of laser photocoagulation procedure among diabetic retinopathy cases at BKMM North Sulawesi Province. This was a descriptive retrospective study using the medical records of diabetic retinopathy cases who underwent laser photocoagulation. There were 35 cases as samples who underwent laser photocoagulation during January– December 2012. The results showed that most cases were proliferative diabetic retinopathy (86,6%). The most frequent age group was 41-60 years (68.6%), predominantly females (60%). Moreover, there were 80% cases who underwent one time of laser photocoagulation meanwhile the others 20% underwent more than one photocoagulation during January– December 2012. Conclusion: The most frequent indication of laser photocoagulation among diabetic retinophaty cases at BKMM North Sulawesi Province was proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Keywords: indication of laser photocoagulation, retinopathy Abstrak: Retinopati diabetik adalah suatu kelainan vaskular yang terjadi pada kasus diabetes melitus tipe 1 dan 2 setelah 10 – 15 tahun. Penatalaksanaan retinopati diabetik dibuat berdasarkan pada tingkat kelainan penyakitnya; salah satu cara ialah dengan menggunakan terapi fotokoagulasi laser. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui indikasi fotokoagulasi laser pada kasus retinopati diabetik di Balai Kesehatan Mata Masyarakat (BKMM) Propinsi Sulawesi Utara. Metode penelitian ini deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan catatan rekam medik kasus retinopati diabetik yang telah dilakukan fotokoagulasi laser. Sampel berjumlah 35 kasus retinopati diabetik yang menjalani fotokoagulasi laser pada periode Januari – Desember 2012 dengan persentase terbanyak retinopati diabetik proliferatif (88,6%). Kelompok usia tersering 41-60 tahun (68,6%), sedangkan jenis kelamin didominasi oleh perempuan (60%). Kasus yang terbanyak (80%) ialah yang menjalani hanya satu kali fotokoagulasi laser sedangkan sisanya (20%) menjalani tindakan tersebut lebih dari satu kali. Simpulan: Pada kasus retinopati diabetik di BKMM Propinsi Sulawesi Utara indikasi tersering untuk dilakukan fotokoagulasi laser ialah retinopati diabetik proliferatif. Kata kunci: indikasi fotokoagulasi laser, retinopati

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Boedihardjo, Gita P., Vera Sumual, and Imelda Najoan. "Profil Pasien Operasi Vitreoretinal di Instalasi Bedah Sentral RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode Juli 2018 – Juli 2019." e-CliniC 7, no. 2 (July 11, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/ecl.7.2.2019.26879.

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Abstract: Retinal disorders are ranked as the fourth most common eye disease in Indonesia. Retinal and vitreous disorders can cause severe visual impairment and even blindness. This study was aimed to determine the profile of patients undergoing vitrectomy at the Central Surgical Installation of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado form July 2018 - July 2019. This was a retrospective and descriptive study using medical record data of vitreoretinal surgery patients. The results showed that there were 31 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery, consisting of 16 males (51.6%) and 15 females (48.4%). Based on the type of surgery; vitrectomy was performed on 15 patients (48.4%); vitrectomy + laser photo-coagulation on 7 patients (22.7%); vitrectomy + injection of gas dan silicon oil on 3 patients (9.7%); and 2 patients each (6.4%) for gas and silicon oil injection, laser photocoagulation, and vitrectomy + gas injection and silicon oil + laser photocoagulation. In conclusion, the most common type of surgery was vitrectomy based on retinal detachment. Most patients were retired and at the age of 46-65 years.Keywords: vitreoretinal surgery, vitreoretinal abnormalities, vitrectomy, retinal detachment Abstrak: Gangguan retina berada di urutan ke empat sebagai penyakit mata terbanyak di Indonesia. Bila terjadi gangguan pada retina dan vitreous bisa menimbulkan gangguan penglihatan yang berat bahkan kebutaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil pasien yang menjalani operasi vitreoretinal di Instalasi Bedah Sentral RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Juli 2018 – Juli 2019. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan menggunakan data rekam medik pasien operasi vitreo retina. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 31 pasien yang menjalani operasi vitreoretinal, dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 16 pasien (51,6%) dan perempuan 15 pasien (48,4%). Berdasarkan jenis operasi diperoleh data vitrektomi pada 15 pasien (48,4%), vitrektomi + laser fotokoagulasi 7 pasien (22,7%), vitrektomi + injeksi gas dan silicon oil 3 pasien (9,7%), dan masing-masing 2 pasien (6,4%) untuk jenis operasi injeksi gas + silicon oil, jenis operasi laser fotokoagulasi, dan vitrektomi + injeksi gas dan silicon oil + laser fotokoagulasi. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah jenis operasi yang terbanyak dilakukan yaitu vitrektomi, dengan indikasi ablasio retina. Sebagian besar pasien berada pada kategori usia 46-65 tahun, dengan pekerjaan pensiunan.Kata kunci: operasi vitreo retina, kelainan vitreo retina, vitrektomi, ablasio retina

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Xu, Yilin, Pascal Maier, Matthias Blaicher, Philipp-Immanuel Dietrich, Pablo Marin-Palomo, Wladislaw Hartmann, Yiyang Bao, et al. "Hybrid external-cavity lasers (ECL) using photonic wire bonds as coupling elements." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (August 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95981-w.

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AbstractCombining semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) on direct-bandgap III–V substrates with low-loss silicon or silicon-nitride photonic integrated circuits (PIC) has been key to chip-scale external-cavity lasers (ECL) that offer wideband tunability along with small optical linewidths. However, fabrication of such devices still relies on technologically demanding monolithic integration of heterogeneous material systems or requires costly high-precision package-level assembly, often based on active alignment, to achieve low-loss coupling between the SOA and the external feedback circuits. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel class of hybrid ECL that overcome these limitations by exploiting 3D-printed photonic wire bonds as intra-cavity coupling elements. Photonic wire bonds can be written in-situ in a fully automated process with shapes adapted to the mode-field sizes and the positions of the chips at both ends, thereby providing low-loss coupling even in presence of limited placement accuracy. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we use an InP-based reflective SOA (RSOA) along with a silicon photonic external feedback circuit and demonstrate a single-mode tuning range from 1515 to 1565 nm along with side mode suppression ratios above 40 dB and intrinsic linewidths down to 105 kHz. Our approach combines the scalability advantages of monolithic integration with the performance and flexibility of hybrid multi-chip assemblies and may thus open a path towards integrated ECL on a wide variety of integration platforms.

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Maier, Pascal, Yung Chen, Yilin Xu, Yiyang Bao, Matthias Blaicher, Dimitri Geskus, Ronald Dekker, et al. "Sub-kHz-linewidth external-cavity laser (ECL) with Si₃N₄ resonator used as a tunable pump for a Kerr frequency comb." Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2023, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2023.3243471.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ECDL laser'

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