Relevant bibliographies by topics / Eccentric exercise

Academic literature on the topic 'Eccentric exercise'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Eccentric exercise"

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Jayaseelan, Dhinu J., John J. Mischke, and Raymond L. Strazzulla. "Eccentric Exercise for Achilles Tendinopathy: A Narrative Review and Clinical Decision-Making Considerations." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 4, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4020034.

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Background: Achilles tendinopathy is a common health condition encountered in the orthopedic and sports medicine settings. Eccentric exercise is a common intervention in the management of pain and limited function for this patient population, although contemporary evidence suggests additional exercise methods may be effective as well. Study design: Narrative review: Methods: A literature review was performed using the electronic databases Pubmed and PEDRO for articles through February 2019. Randomized clinical trials integrating eccentric exercise, with or without co-interventions, were evaluated. Outcomes related to pain and/or function were considered. A patient case is provided to highlight decision making processes related to clinical prescription of eccentrics for Achilles tendinopathy. Results: After screening titles and abstracts, seven studies were included for full review. Two articles compared eccentric exercise to a control group, four compared eccentrics to the use of modalities, while one used eccentric exercise as part of a multimodal intervention. In each case, eccentric exercise was effective in reducing pain and improving function. In comparison to other forms of exercise or additional interventions, eccentric exercise was frequently not more effective than other options. Discussion: Eccentric exercise has been associated with clinical benefit in improving pain and function for patients with Achilles tendinopathy. Despite the available evidence reporting effectiveness of eccentrics, other options may be equally useful. Appropriate load modification and exercise prescription for patients with Achilles tendinopathy requires systematic clinical reasoning and incorporation of patient values to optimize outcomes.
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Lepley, Lindsey K., Steven M. Davi, Emily R. Hunt, Julie P. Burland, McKenzie S. White, Grace Y. McCormick, and Timothy A. Butterfield. "Morphology and Anabolic Response of Skeletal Muscles Subjected to Eccentrically or Concentrically Biased Exercise." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-174-19.

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Context Long-term eccentric exercise is known to promote muscle growth better than concentric exercise, but its acute effect on muscle is not well understood because of misinterpreted modeling and in situ and in vitro stretch protocols. Knowing if the initial bout of eccentric exercise promotes muscle growth and limits damage is critical to understanding the effect of this mode of exercise. Objective To directly evaluate the immediate effects of eccentric and concentric exercises on untrained muscle when fiber strains were physiological and exercise doses were comparable. Design Controlled laboratory study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 40 skeletally mature male Long-Evans rats (age = 16 weeks, mass = 452.1 ± 35.2 g) were randomly assigned to an eccentric exercise (downhill walking, n = 16), concentric exercise (uphill walking, n = 16), or control (no exercise, n = 8) group. Intervention(s) Rats were exposed to a single 15-minute bout of eccentric or concentric exercise on a motorized treadmill and then were euthanized at 6 or 24 hours postexercise. We harvested the vastus lateralis muscle bilaterally. Main Outcome Measure(s) The percentage increase or decrease in protein abundance in exercised animals relative to that in unexercised control animals was evaluated as elevated phosphorylated p70S6k relative to total p70S6k. Fiber damage was quantified using immunoglobulin G permeability staining. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests were performed. Results Rats exposed to eccentric exercise and euthanized at 24 hours had higher percentage response protein synthesis rates than rats exposed to eccentric exercise and euthanized at 6 hours (P = .02) or to concentric exercise and euthanized at 6 (P = .03) or 24 (P = .03) hours. We assessed 9446 fibers for damage and found only 1 fiber was infiltrated (in the concentric exercise group euthanized at 6 hours). Furthermore, no between-groups differences in immunoglobulin G fluorescent intensity were detected (P = .94). Conclusions Incorporating eccentric exercise is a simple, universally available therapeutic intervention for promoting muscle recovery. A single 15-minute dose of eccentric exercise to a novice muscle can better exert an anabolic effect than a comparable dose of concentric exercise, with very limited evidence of fiber damage.
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Chaudhry, Saira, Dylan Morrissey, Roger C. Woledge, Dan L. Bader, and Hazel R. C. Screen. "Eccentric and Concentric Exercise of the Triceps Surae: An in Vivo Study of Dynamic Muscle and Tendon Biomechanical Parameters." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 31, no. 2 (April 2015): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2013-0284.

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Triceps surae eccentric exercise is more effective than concentric exercise for treating Achilles tendinopathy, however the mechanisms underpinning these effects are unclear. This study compared the biomechanical characteristics of eccentric and concentric exercises to identify differences in the tendon load response. Eleven healthy volunteers performed eccentric and concentric exercises on a force plate, with ultrasonography, motion tracking, and EMG applied to measure Achilles tendon force, lower limb movement, and leg muscle activation. Tendon length was ultrasonographically tracked and quantified using a novel algorithm. The Fourier transform of the ground reaction force was also calculated to investigate for tremor, or perturbations. Tendon stiffness and extension did not vary between exercise types (P= .43). However, tendon perturbations were significantly higher during eccentric than concentric exercises (25%–40% higher,P= .02). Furthermore, perturbations during eccentric exercises were found to be negatively correlated with the tendon stiffness (R2= .59). The particular efficacy of eccentric exercise does not appear to result from variation in tendon stiffness or extension within a given session. However, varied perturbation magnitude may have a role in mediating the observed clinical effects. This property is subject-specific, with the source and clinical timecourse of such perturbations requiring further research.
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Friden, J., P. N. Sfakianos, and A. R. Hargens. "Muscle soreness and intramuscular fluid pressure: comparison between eccentric and concentric load." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 2175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.6.2175.

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This study investigates the dynamic and resting intramuscular pressures associated with eccentric and concentric exercise of muscles in a low-compliance compartment. The left and righ leg anterior compartments of eight healthy males (ages 22–32 yr) were exercised by either concentric or eccentric contractions of the same load (400 submaximal contractions at constant rate, 20/min for 20 min at a load corresponding to 15% of individual maximal dorsiflexion torque). Tissue fluid pressures were measured with the slit-catheter technique before, during, and after the exercise. Average peak intramuscular pressure generated during eccentric exercise (236 mmHg) was significantly greater than during concentric exercise (157 mmHg, P less than 0.001). Peak isometric contraction pressure in the eccentrically exercised compartment was significantly higher both within 20 min postexercise and on the second postexercise day (P less than 0.001). Resting pressure 2 days postexercise was significantly higher on the eccentrically exercised side (10.5 mmHg) compared with the concentrically exercised (4.4 mmHg, P less than 0.05). The ability to sustain tension during postexercise isometric contractions was impaired on the “eccentric” side. Soreness was exclusively experienced in the eccentrically exercised muscles. We conclude that eccentric exercise causes significant intramuscular pressure elevation in the anterior compartment, not seen following concentric exercise, and that this may be one of the factors associated with development of delayed muscle soreness in a tight compartment.
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Sanz, David Rodriguez, Daniel Lopez-Lopez, Daniel Muñoz Garcia, Alfredo Soriano Medrano, Angel Morales Ponce, Cesar Calvo Lobo, and Irene Sanz Corbalan. "Effects of eccentric exercise in pressure pain threshold in subjects with functional ankle equinus condition." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 65, no. 3 (March 2019): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.3.384.

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SUMMARY Stretching exercises are widely used by the population before sporting activities. One of the most common technique is eccentric exercise. Here, we made a clinical examination of 98 subjects with equinus condition before activity and after 30 min of running (49 participants with previous eccentric exercise and 49 with no previously eccentric exercise). The clinical assessment of the Achilles tendon was based on the pressure pain threshold (PPT). We identified significant PPT changes between the previous eccentric stretching and the non-previous eccentric stretching group in the Achilles tendon evaluations. Based on our findings, we propose that subjects with equinus condition could use eccentric stretching in order to improve the Achilles tendon status.
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Kellis, Eleftherios, and Vasilios Baltzopoulos. "Isokinetic Eccentric Exercise." Sports Medicine 19, no. 3 (March 1995): 202–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199519030-00005.

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McNeill, Warrick. "About eccentric exercise." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 19, no. 3 (July 2015): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.05.002.

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Arias-Buría, José L., Sebastián Truyols-Domínguez, Raquel Valero-Alcaide, Jaime Salom-Moreno, María A. Atín-Arratibel, and César Fernández-de-las-Peñas. "Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Electrolysis and Eccentric Exercises for Subacromial Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/315219.

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Objective. To compare effects of ultrasound- (US-) guided percutaneous electrolysis combined with an eccentric exercise program of the rotator cuff muscles in subacromial pain syndrome.Methods. Thirty-six patients were randomized and assigned into US-guided percutaneous electrolysis (n=17) group or exercise (n=19) group. Patients were asked to perform an eccentric exercise program of the rotator cuff muscles twice every day for 4 weeks. Participants assigned to US-guided percutaneous electrolysis group also received the application of galvanic current through acupuncture needle on each session once a week (total 4 sessions). Shoulder pain (NPRS) and disability (DASH) were assessed at baseline, after 2 sessions, and 1 week after the last session.Results. The ANOVA revealed significant Group∗Time interactions for shoulder pain and disability (all,P<0.01): individuals receiving US-guided percutaneous electrolysis combined with the eccentric exercises experienced greater improvement than those receiving eccentric exercise alone.Conclusions. US-guided percutaneous electrolysis combined with eccentric exercises resulted in small better outcomes at short term compared to when only eccentric exercises were applied in subacromial pain syndrome. The effect was statistically and clinically significant for shoulder pain but below minimal clinical difference for function. Future studies should investigate the long-term effects and potential placebo effect of this intervention.
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Vogt, Michael, and Hans H. Hoppeler. "Eccentric exercise: mechanisms and effects when used as training regime or training adjunct." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 11 (June 1, 2014): 1446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00146.2013.

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The aim of the current review is to discuss applications and mechanism of eccentric exercise in training regimes of competitive sports. Eccentric muscle work is important in most sports. Eccentric muscle contractions enhance the performance during the concentric phase of stretch-shortening cycles, which is important in disciplines like sprinting, jumping, throwing, and running. Muscles activated during lengthening movements can also function as shock absorbers, to decelerate during landing tasks or to precisely deal with high external loading in sports like alpine skiing. The few studies available on trained subjects reveal that eccentric training can further enhance maximal muscle strength and power. It can further optimize muscle length for maximal tension development at a greater degree of extension, and has potential to improve muscle coordination during eccentric tasks. In skeletal muscles, these functional adaptations are based on increases in muscle mass, fascicle length, number of sarcomeres, and cross-sectional area of type II fibers. Identified modalities for eccentric loading in athletic populations involve classical isotonic exercises, accentuated jumping exercises, eccentric overloading exercises, and eccentric cycle ergometry. We conclude that eccentric exercise offers a promising training modality to enhance performance and to prevent injuries in athletes. However, further research is necessary to better understand how the neuromuscular system adapts to eccentric loading in athletes.
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Liu, Xiao-Guang, Lin Cheng, and Ji-Mei Song. "Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Eccentric Exercises in the Treatment of Patellar Tendinopathy." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/785386.

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The study aims to investigate if low-level laser therapy (LLLT) combined with eccentric exercises could more effectively treat patellar tendinopathy than LLLT alone and eccentric exercises alone. Twenty-one patients with patellar tendinopathy were randomized to three groups: laser alone, exercise alone, or laser plus exercise, with seven in each group. Laser irradiations were administered at the inferior pole of the patella and the two acupoints of Extra 36 (Xiyan) with the intensity of 1592 mW/cm2. Eccentric training program consisted of three sets of 15 repetitions of unilateral squat on level ground. All patients received six treatments per week for four weeks. Knee pain and function and quadriceps muscle strength and endurance were evaluated at baseline and the end of treatment. After the 4-week intervention, all groups showed significant improvements in all the outcomes (P<0.01). The laser + exercise group had significantly greater improvements in all the outcomes than the other two groups (P<0.05), except nonsignificant difference in pain relief between the laser + exercise group and the laser group. In conclusion, LLLT combined with eccentric exercises is superior to LLLT alone and eccentric exercises alone to reduce pain and improve function in patients with patellar tendinopathy.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eccentric exercise"

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Marginson, Vicky. "Symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage in boys and men following eccentric exercise." Thesis, Bangor University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252400.

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Yarrow, Joshua F. "Neuroendocrine and performance responses to eccentric-enhanced resistance exercise." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0016120.

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Howatson, Glyn. "Eccentric exercise and muscle damage : treatment, prevention and cross-education." Thesis, Kingston University, 2005. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20368/.

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Eccentric biased muscular contractions, when compared to concentric and isometric muscle actions have a number of benefits, which include greater hypertrophy, increased strength and a reduced metabolic cost at any given intensity. The literature has reported the benefits of eccentric contractions in a variety of populations, which include exercisers, athletes, geriatric and chronically diseased communities. However, eccentric contractions can result in temporary exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) that reduces function and causes soreness. Consequently, a number of interventions, such as post-exercise therapies and prior exercise have been used in an attempt to attenuate the negative effects of this muscle action. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to provide novel data to expand the existing body of knowledge and investigate a cryotherapeutic intervention that may attenuate the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage. Furthermore, this work examines the adaptation to prior exercise (the repeated bout effect) in the ipsilateral and contralateral limbs to provide additional novel data to elucidate the possible mechanisms responsible for adaptation. Study 1: The aims of the first study were to investigate the effects of repeated applications of ice massage on the markers of muscle damage using a within-subject, cross-over design and to examine the effects on muscle function during static and dynamic contractions. The results suggest that ice massage does not reduce any of the signs or symptoms of EIMD after high intensity eccentric exercise, nor does it return the function of static or dynamic muscle actions following a damaging bout of exercise. Study 2: The aims of this investigation were firstly, to determine the reliability of functional testing and the associated surface EMG signal on five consecutive days, and secondly to elucidate the reliability and precision of other dependent measures commonly used in the assessment of muscle damage following a bout of eccentric contractions. All variables displayed good reliability and therefore may be appropriate to examine longitudinal changes as a result of a damaging protocol. Study 3: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the magnitude of the repeated bout effect (RBE) from high and low volume maximal eccentric exercise followed by a high volume bout of maximal eccentric exercise after full recovery from the initial bout (two weeks later). There were no differences in dependent variables between groups in the repeated bout, indicating that the magnitude of the RBE is similar following initial low and high volume bouts of maximal eccentric exercise, which was attributable, at least in part, to changes in electromyographic frequency content. The initial high volume bout did however result in greater EIMD than the initial low volume bout; in addition, the magnitude of change from the initial bout was more profound after high volume exercise. Study 4: The aims of this investigation were to elucidate the existence of a contralateral RBE in the upper limb and to compare the magnitude of change to an ipsilateral model, which had been previously been established in Study 3. Significant differences in some variables provide evidence that a repeated bout effect is evident in the contralateral limb after a single bout of eccentric exercise. This adaptation appears to be mediated by neural mechanisms, as there is no direct stimulus for change from the initial bout to the contralateral homologous muscle group. The magnitude of change between contralateral and ipsilateral models was different for some variables suggesting that the RBE is not as profound in contralateral homologous muscle as in the ipsilateral model. These investigations provide additional novel data on interventions used to combat the negative effects of eccentric contractions and temporary EIMD. In particular, Study 4 has shown that adaptation occurs in the contralateral homologous muscle group, which has implications for a variety of populations and also for future research study design. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the exact mechanisms responsible for the repeated bout effect.
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Gault, Mandy Lucinda. "Adaptations of older adults to concentric and eccentric endurance exercise." Thesis, University of Chichester, 2010. http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/813/.

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The first aim was to examine in older adults the acute physiological effects of eccentric exercise (i.e. downhill treadmill walking, DW: -10% gradient, 30-min) at a self-selected walking speed. The secondary aim was to examine in older adults the effects of a 12-week concentric (level treadmill walking, LW: 0% gradient) and eccentric (downhill treadmill walking, DW: -10% gradient) endurance exercise intervention (30-min, 3x week) at a self-selected walking speed (SSWS, re-evaluated every 4-weeks) on the functional and physiological adaptations. Participants were randomly assigned to an exercise group (LW: 0=13 or DW: n=IS). Eighteen participants (8 LWand 10 DW) completed the 12-week intervention. Wearing the Cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic system had no effect on performance and physiological responses during the I-mile Rockport Fitness Walking Test (Study I).
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Byrne, Christopher. "Muscle function after exercise-induced muscle damage." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/muscle-function-after-exerciseinduced-muscle-damage(2bbf5fe1-f35b-4b7b-9790-ff3a04b86875).html.

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Muscle function after exercise-induced muscle damage has traditionally been evaluated by measures of isometric strength at a single joint angle or muscle length. The thesis investigates the effect of muscle damage on other muscle function parameters such as, isometric strength as a function of muscle length, concentric strength as a function of angular velocity, strength across muscle actions, the stretch-shortening cycle, power output, and fatigability. Study 1 The first part of this study aimed to determine how the muscle length at which strength is measured affects reductions in isometric strength following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. The damaging exercise protocol consisted of 100 maximal voluntary eccentric actions of the knee extensors, performed in the prone position through a range of motion from 40° to 140° (0° = full extension) at an angular velocity of 90 deg's-1. Isometric strength of the knee extensors was measured at short muscle length (10° knee flexion) and optimal length (80°). A significantly greater relative loss of strength was observed at short versus optimal muscle length (76.3 ± 2.5% vs. 82.1 ± 2.7% of pre-exercise values, P<0.05) over the seven day testing period following eccentric exercise. The second part of the study investigated isometric strength at optimal length and concentric strength at slow (30 deg's 1) and fast (180 deg's 1) angular velocities of movement. No differences were apparent in the magnitude and rate of recovery of strength across isometric (82.1 ± 2.7%) and slow (86.6 ± 2.0%) and fast (84.3 ± 1.5%) concentric muscle actions. Both the popping sarcomere hypothesis of 2 muscle damage and a failure in excitation-contraction coupling are possible explanations for the reduction in strength being affected by the muscle length at which it is measured. Both would be expected to affect strength to a greater extent at short versus optimal muscle lengths. Study 2 The second study investigated knee extensor muscle strength during isometric, concentric and eccentric muscle actions and vertical jump performance under conditions of squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ). These measures were taken before, 1 hour after, and on days 1,2,3,4 and 7 following a damaging exercise protocol consisting of 100 barbell squats (10 sets x 10 reps @ 70% body mass load). Strength was significantly reduced for four days, however, no differences were observed in the magnitude or rate of recovery of isometric strength at 80° knee flexion and concentric and eccentric strength at 90 deg's'. Vertical jump performance was significantly reduced for three days and was dependent on the type of jump being performed. The relative decline in SJ performance was significantly greater than that in CMJ performance (91.6 ± 1.1% vs. 95.2 ± 1.3% of pre-exercise values, P<0.05) and the relative decline in SJ was significantly greater than that in DJ performance (91.6 ± 1.1% vs. 95.2 ± 1.4%, P<0.05). No differences were observed in the relative decline in CMJ and DJ performance (95.2 ± 1.3% vs. 95.2 ± 1.4%, P> 0.05). The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) of muscle function is utilised in CMJ and DJ but not in SJ. The SSC has a clear purpose: to allow the final phase (concentric action) to take place with greater force or power output, as compared to the condition where the movement is initiated by a concentric action alone. 3 Utilisation of the SSC in performance seems to attenuate the detrimental performance effects of exercise-induced muscle damage. Study 3 The third and final study investigated the effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on maximal power output and knee extensor fatigability under isometric and dynamic conditions. Under isometric conditions, strength was assessed at 40° and 80° knee flexion and fatigability was assessed by a sustained 60s maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) at each joint angle. For dynamic conditions, maximum power output and fatigue were assessed during a maximal 30s cycle ergometer test. These measures were taken before, 1 hour after, and on days 1,2,3, and 7 following a damaging exercise protocol consisting of 100 eccentric squats (10 sets x 10 reps @ 80% concentric 1 RM). Isometric strength was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) for seven days but no significant differences were observed in the magnitude of strength loss and the pattern of recovery between the two joint angles. Fatigability was quantified as the slope (b) of a linear regression line fitted to the torque and power decay during the 60s MVC and the 30s cycle test, respectively. Prior to muscle damage, subjects were significantly less fatigable (P < 0.05) at 40° (b = -2.39 ± 0.26) versus 80° (b = -5.50 ± 0.72). After muscle damage, subjects became significantly less fatigable at both 40° and 80° with recovery taking three days at 401 and seven days at 80°. Before damaging exercise, a greater rate of fatigue was observed under dynamic (b = -12.75 ± 2.3) versus isometric (80°) conditions (b = -5.50 ± 0.72). Isometric and dynamic fatigue 4 followed a similar temporal pattern after damaging exercise. When the effects of muscle damage on strength at 801 and maximal power output were compared, differences in the extent of performance loss and the time course of recovery were observed. At 1 hour post-exercise, strength was affected to a greater extent (30% reduction) than power (13% reduction) and whereas strength followed a linear recovery pattern, power suffered further decrements at day 1 (18%) and day 2 (16%) before starting to recover. The results indicate that under conditions of voluntary activation muscle becomes weaker but less fatigable under isometric and dynamic conditions following exercise-induced muscle damage. The lower starting torque / power output and the slower rate of decline in torque / power output observed in post-damage fatigue curves may be a phenomenon of selective type II fibre damage. Evidence suggests that type II fibres are selectively damaged during eccentric exercise and therefore post-damage fatigue curves may be missing their contribution to performance. The different recovery patterns observed for isometric and dynamic performance may indicate an inability to maintain central motor drive during complex dynamic tasks when damage is present.
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Kudiarasu, Christine. "Effects of eccentric versus concentric resistance training in adults with Type 2 Diabetes." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2297.

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The benefits of resistance training for people with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are well documented; however, the effects of different muscle contraction types (e.g. eccentric, concentric) on physiological outcomes for this population are still unclear. This study investigated the effects of eccentric (ECC) versus concentric (CON) resistance training on blood markers, muscle strength, physical functional performance and body composition. Eighteen adults with T2D (Age: 64.8 ± 9.0 y; BMI: 30.3 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either an ECC (n = 9) or a CON (n = 9) group. Participants performed 2 or 3 sets of 10 eccentric (5-s) or concentric (2-s) contractions of eight upper and lower body resistance exercises, twice a week for 12 weeks. Training intensity gradually increased from 10 to 100% of 1-repetition maximum concentric strength (1-RM) for the ECC group and from 50 to 100% of 1-RM strength for the CON group, based on the 1-RM at baseline. Blood markers (glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA2-IR, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL), muscle strength (1- RM), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and physical functional performance tests consisting of 6-min walk (6MWT), chair rise (CR), timed up-and-go (TUG), and balance were measured before and after the intervention, and the changes were compared between groups. Significant differences in the improvement between the ECC and CON group were found for 1-RM strength for bicep curl (ECC: 11%, CON: 27%), calf raise (ECC: 37%, CON: 68%) and abdominal crunch (ECC: 22%, CON: 42%) exercises, hip circumference (ECC: -1%, CON: -5%) and SF-36 pain measures (ECC: 6%, CON: -1%). Muscle strength significantly increased more for the CON group (27–68%) than the ECC group (12–37%) which was likely due to greater combined total load lifted in the CON (143,262 ± 57,972 kg) than the ECC group (111,678 ± 51,225 kg). Significant improvements (p < 0.05) were also found in the ECC group for the 6MWT (56.8 ± 2.2 m), TUG (-0.8 ± 0.3 s) and CR (-1.8 ± 1.4 s), while the CON group significantly improved the 6MWT (63.4 ± 12.0 m) and CR (-2.3 ± 1.6 s). Total equilibrium balance increased by 7.0% in the ECC group and 4.3% in the CON group. Body composition improved similarly for both groups including significant reductions in total fat mass (ECC: -2.0 ± 1.3 kg, CON: -2.2 ± 1.2 kg) and significant increase in total lean mass (ECC: 1.8 ± 0.7 kg, CON: 2.0 ± 0.2 kg). No significant changes were found in blood markers for both groups. These results showed that ECC training performed at lower intensities (RPE: 4.1 ± 2.1) was as effective as CON training for improving physical functional performance, strength and body composition. These findings suggest that focusing on eccentric contractions in resistance training is beneficial and well-tolerated in adults with T2D.
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Miranda, Ana Areias Marques. "O efeito dos exercícios excêntricos na tendinopatia do tendão de Aquiles em adultos saudáveis: revisão sistemática." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5674.

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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Fisioterapia
Objetivo: A presente revisão pretende compreender os efeitos da implementação de exercícios excêntricos na tendinopatia do tendão de aquiles independentemente da amostra utilizada. Metodologia: Pesquisa computorizada através das palavras-chaves elegidas, em bases de dados como Science Direct, EBSCO e Pubmed para selecionar artigos experimentais que colocassem em questão a eficiência dos exercícios excêntricos na tendinopatia do tendão de aquiles. Resultados: Foram incluídos 12 artigos, com um total de 465 indivíduos. Obtendo uma média de 8,8 na escala CASP. 3 artigos compararam o uso de exercícios excêntricos com o uso de uma ortótese noturna, outros 3 compararam com outras técnicas terapêuticas e os restantes aplicaram apenas exercícios excêntricos. Conclusão: Após a analise dos resultados é possível observar a eficácia dos exercícios excêntricos na tendinopatia do tendão de aquiles, no entanto, muitas vezes não são diferenças que corresponderiam ao expectável. A aplicação de ortóteses e aprendizagem do método não potencia o efeito positivo, contudo associado a outras técnicas terapêuticas (ultrassom e massagem transversal profunda) promove a sua eficácia.
Objective: The present revision pretends to comprehend the effects of the implementation of eccentric exercises in the Achilles tendinopathy regardless the sample used. Methodology: Computer research through elected keywords, in data bases such as Science Direct, EBSCO and Pubmed to select experimental articles that would question the effectiveness of eccentric exercises in the Achilles tendinopathy. Results: Twelve articles were selected, with a total of 465 individuals. Obtaining an average of 8,8 in the CASP scale. 3 articles compared the use of eccentric exercises with the use of a night orthosis, other 3 compared with other therapeutic techniques and the rest only applied eccentric exercises. Conclusion: After the analysis of the results it is possible to observe the effectiveness of the eccentric exercises of the Achilles tendinopathy, however, many times the differences would not correspond to the expectable. The application of orthosis and the learning method do not enhance the positive effect, however in association with other therapeutic techniques (ultrasound and deep transversal massage) promotes its effectiveness.
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Fischer, Stephen Michael. "METABOLIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A BOUT OF ECCENTRIC, CONCENTRIC, AND TRADITIONAL RESISTANCE EXERCISE." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1479465117642973.

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Wagle, John. "Kinetic and Kinematic Characteristics of Accentuated Eccentric Loading." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3484.

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The current investigation was an examination of the kinetic and kinematic characteristics of the back squat using accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) and cluster set programming strategies. Trained male subjects (age = 26.1 ± 4.1 years, height = 183.5 ± 4.3 cm, body mass = 92.5 ± 10.5 kg, back squat to body mass ratio = 1.8 ± 0.3) volunteered to complete four different load condition sessions involving traditionally loaded straight sets (TL), traditionally loaded cluster sets (TLC), AEL cluster sets (AEC), and AEL straight sets where only the first repetition of each set used eccentric overload (AEL1). The use of AEL increased eccentric work (WECC) and eccentric rate of force development (RFDECC) but did not result in the expected potentiation of subsequent concentric output. Interrepetition rest, however, appears to have the largest influence on concentric peak power (PP), rate of force development (RFDCON), and average velocity (MV). Additionally, the current study was an investigation of the efficacy of novel methods of ultrasonography technique that can be applied to monitoring training response. Compared to lying measures of the vastus lateralis (VL), standing ultrasonography measures of muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), and cross-sectional area (CSA) were more strongly and abundantly correlated with dynamic and isometric strength performance. Finally, the present study was an exploration of the genetic underpinnings of performance outcomes and muscle phenotypic characteristics. The polymorphisms of two candidate genes (ACTN3, ACE) typical of strength-power athletes were used. ACTN3 RR tended to result in greater type II fiber CSA and alter maximal strength, while ACE DD tended to influence RFD through the presence of more favorable type II-to-type I CSA ratios. Overall, the current investigation provided valuable insight into the characteristics of advanced programming tactics. Furthermore, the ultrasonography measurement and genetic aspects of the current investigation may serve as a framework to inform monitoring practice and generate hypotheses related to the training process.
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Kim, Junghoon. "The influence of force production and eccentric exercise on growth hormone." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1048386.

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The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between human growth hormone (hGH) and two separate components of resistance exercise. Eight non-weight-trained subjects (23.33 ± 0.3 yrs) performed three force production trials (FPT), at different concentric workloads, and an 120% eccentric exercise trial (EET) on the Cybex 6000. Blood samples (3 mls) were taken pre- and post-exercise and analyzed for lactate, creatine kinase (CK) and hGH. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the quadriceps muscle was recorded during each trial. The mean peak torque produced during the FPTs increased as work intensity increased but was the highest in the EET. The data for total work showed a proportional relationship with the intensity of the three concentric work loads but not the 120% EET. EMG activity of vastus medialis (VM) and rectus femoris (RF) measured during EET was 26% less than RF of 50% and 15% less than VL of 70% in FPT, respectively. The highest hormonal response occurred following the 120% EET. The hormonal response following the FPTs was highest in the 90% FPT with the two lower work intensity trials (50 and 70%) showing no clear hormonal response. Although the hGH response was the highest in the 120% EET, the post-exercise lactic acid levels in EET were 24% less than that of the 90% FPT. Creatine kinase (CK) activity was significantly elevated 36 hours after the last bout of EET which suggests that the eccentric exercise resulted in muscle damage. The results from concentric trials showed that muscle force generation, EMG, and lactic acid of the three different concentric trials were well correlated to the pattern of hGH secretion. However, only peak torque was consistent with the hGH response of the EET. The highest peak torque and hGH levels were achieved with eccentric exercise. The highest levels of fatigue, as a result of the combination of longer exercise time and overloading of the muscle during EET, may explain the higher hGH output. The muscle damage caused by the eccentric trial was enough to induce delayed onset of muscle soreness and may be the stimulus for the higher hGH output. The hGH response may facilitate repair of the muscular damage induced by eccentric exercise by promoting protein synthesis.
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Books on the topic "Eccentric exercise"

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Eccentric muscle training in sports and orthopaedics. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1991.

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Eccentric muscle training in sports and orthopaedics. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1995.

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MacMillan, Michael. The eccentric solution: An orthopaedic prescription for muscular health. Monterey, CA: Health Learning, 2010.

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Robinson, J. Delayed onset muscle soreness in humans: Relevance of intensity of eccentric exercise. [S.l: The Author], 1997.

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Harrison, Rosemarie C. The effect of elevated muscle fluid volume on indices of muscle damage following an acute bout of eccentric exercise. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, 2008.

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Bubbico, Aaron T., and Len Kravitz. Essentials of Eccentric Training. Human Kinetics, 2015.

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Essentials of Eccentric Training. Human Kinetics, 2015.

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Muscle damage, repair, and adaptation following eccentric arm exercise. 1989.

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Hoppeler, Hans. Eccentric Exercise: Physiology and Application in Sport and Rehabilitation. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Muscle damage, repair, and adaptation following eccentric arm exercise. 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Eccentric exercise"

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Proske, Uwe, David L. Morgan, Tamara Hew-Butler, Kevin G. Keenan, Roger M. Enoka, Sebastian Sixt, Josef Niebauer, et al. "Eccentric Activity." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 269. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2318.

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Proske, Uwe, David L. Morgan, Tamara Hew-Butler, Kevin G. Keenan, Roger M. Enoka, Sebastian Sixt, Josef Niebauer, et al. "Eccentric Strength." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 272. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2320.

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Proske, Uwe, David L. Morgan, Tamara Hew-Butler, Kevin G. Keenan, Roger M. Enoka, Sebastian Sixt, Josef Niebauer, et al. "Eccentric Muscle Damage." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 269–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_60.

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Evans, Nick A., Bal Rajagopalan, and William D. Stanish. "Eccentric Exercise in the Treatment of Tendon Injuries in Sport." In Rehabilitation of Sports Injuries, 203–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04369-1_17.

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Ono, Takashi. "The Relationship Between Eccentric Exercise and Muscle Damage in Hamstring Muscles." In Sports Injuries and Prevention, 311–26. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55318-2_26.

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Koller, A., E. Müller, E. Artner-Dworzak, C. Haid, W. Schobersberger, B. Puschendorf, and E. Raas. "Metabolic Changes Following Concentric and Eccentric Exercise in Trained and Untrained Subjects." In Advances in Ergometry, 406–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76442-4_57.

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Ra, Song-Gyu, Nobuhiko Akazawa, Youngju Choi, Tomoko Matsubara, Satoshi Oikawa, Hiroshi Kumagai, Koichiro Tanahashi, Hajime Ohmori, and Seiji Maeda. "Taurine Supplementation Reduces Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Young Men." In Taurine 9, 765–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_61.

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Bachl, N., R. Baron, R. Petschnig, S. Liebenberger, and L. Prokop. "Concentric and Eccentric Exercise Testing — A new Approach to a Four Extremities Ergometer." In Advances in Ergometry, 393–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76442-4_56.

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Ruslan, Nur-Hasanah, Wan Mohd Norsyam Wan Norman, Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad, and Nursyaidatul Hafiza Madzlan. "Effects of Eccentric Training Using Theraband on Hamstring Flexibility in Elderly." In Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Sports Science, Exercise, Engineering and Technology 2014 (ICoSSEET 2014), 127–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-107-7_13.

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Apostolopoulos, Nikos C. "The Effect of Different Passive Static Stretching Intensities on Perceived Muscle Soreness and Muscle Function Recovery Following Unaccustomed Eccentric Exercise: A Randomised Controlled Trial." In Stretch Intensity and the Inflammatory Response: A Paradigm Shift, 159–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96800-1_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Eccentric exercise"

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Kovačić, Grgur, Josipa Antekolović, and Ljubomir Antekolović. "Eccentric Contractions in the Rehabilitation of Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: literature review." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-23.

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Lateral elbow tendinopathy (LT) is the most common chronic painful condition affecting the elbow in general population. Research has shown that an eccentric exercise program can be effective modality for treating tendinopathies. The purpose of this review was to deter-mine the effects of eccentric contractions (EC) in comparison to other types of contractions and other therapeutic approaches. Searches were performed using the electronic databases Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. The basic selection criterion was a research meth-odology in which at least one group of subjects used eccentric contractions in comparison to other methods of contractions or therapy. In conclusion, eccentric contractions are useful method of treating LT in 12 weak period. However, it cannot be stated with certainty whether EC exercises are more or less effective than other forms of therapeutic exercises or specific physiotherapeutic techniques.
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Itoh, Shota, Keisuke Kubota, Kunihiro Ogata, and Toshiaki Tsuji. "Exercise system for eccentric tibialis anterior contraction to improve ambulatory function." In 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7592057.

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Regard, Gabriella, and Todd J. Freeborn. "Biceps Tissue Electrical Resistance and Circumference Changes Following an Eccentric Exercise Protocol." In SoutheastCon 2019. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/southeastcon42311.2019.9020473.

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Sena, riany S., jacinthe Baril, Sophia Kapchinsky, Rebecca Nania, Danielle S. Vieira Rocha, Ruddy Richard, Helene Perrault, Tanja Taivassalo, and Jean Bourbeau. "Eccentric Cycle Exercise For Patients With Severe COPD: Training Application And Feasibility." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a1541.

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Lucas, M. W., J. M. Swift, Y. Shirazi-Fard, E. S. Greene, S. A. Bloomfield, and H. A. Hogan. "Characterizing Strains in the Tibia of Hindlimb Unloaded Rats During Combined Isometric and Eccentric Stimulated Muscle Contraction." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206844.

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We have conducted a series of studies for NASA sponsored by the NSBRI using the hindlimb unloaded (HU) rat model to simulate micro-gravity. Studies have focused on various questions related to specific effects on both bone and muscle in the unloaded limbs. In some cases, a muscle stimulation technique has been used to simulate resistive exercise as a countermeasure during HU. Results have been generally quite positive for bone but not as effective for muscle. Consequently, a series of successive alterations have been made to the muscle stimulation protocol parameters in an attempt to maintain benefits for bone while reducing the overall level of exercize in order to minimize fatigue effects on muscle.
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de las Casas, Humberto, Hanz Richter, and Antonie van den Bogert. "Design and Hybrid Impedance Control of a Powered Rowing Machine." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5243.

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A conventional rowing machine was modified with an electric motor and a robust impedance control system to mimic the behavior of a conventional rower and subsequently expand its versatility. The powered machine has programmable impedance and can produce controlled forces during the return stroke, allowing for eccentric exercise. Conventional rowers do not allow eccentric loading, an exercise modality known to contribute significantly to the efficacy of training. Eccentric loading is particularly important to diminish the detrimental effects of humans operating in microgravity for long periods of time. Conventional rowers include a flywheel, a fan and a freewheeling clutch. These elements were removed and replaced by a torque-controlled motor and a belt transmission selected on the basis of the forces and velocities encountered in the rowing exercise. A hybrid dynamic model was developed for the conventional rowing machine to account for its force-velocity characteristics and the transitions between the coupled (pull stroke) and the decoupled (return stroke) of the freewheeling clutch. Machine parameters such as flywheel inertia, air damping coefficients and return spring constants were identified from a set of experimental data and fitted to the model. The model was then used to design the robust hybrid impedance controller which includes a virtual flywheel and a force sensor to determine the transitions between pull and return strokes. The controller reproduces the operation of the original machine and can also be programmed to produce arbitrary impedances. The paper describes the hybrid dynamic model and control approach and the real-time experimental trials.
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Švantner, Roman, David Brünn, Dávid Líška, Jozef Sýkora, and Martin Pupiš. "The effect of eccentric hamstring strength on the change of direction speed of professional ice hockey players." In Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2021 - Autumn Conferences of Sports Science. Universidad de Alicante, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.proc2.19.

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Jakobsen, Jens Rithamer, Peter Schjerling, Michael Kjaer, Abigail Mackey, and Michael Rindom Krogsgaard. "156 A single bout of eccentric exercise increases the gene expression of nestin and osteocrin in human myotendinous junctions." In #Sportskongres 2022, 3–5 February, Copenhagen, Denmark. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2022-sportskongres.31.

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Kuntono, Heru Purbo, Budi Utomo, and Afif Ghufroni. "Effects of Concentric- Eccentric Motion Exercise of Quadricep Muscle on Pain Reduction and Functional Improvement among Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis." In The 6th International Conference on Public Health 2019. Masters Program in Public Health, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.05.21.

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Iglesias, Javier González, Aitor Ruiz de Lara Osacar, Carlos Fernandez Gonzalez, Javier Teijeiro López, Manuel Mira Llopis, and Serena Iannone Lado. "C0088 Ultrasound-guided intratissue percutaneous electrolysis, dry-needling, diathermy and eccentric exercise in achilles tendinopathy in runners. a case series." In 2nd Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging Symposium in Physical Therapy, Madrid, Spain, 3–5 June 2016. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099763.35.

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Reports on the topic "Eccentric exercise"

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Lizama-Pérez, Rodrigo, Ignacio Chirosa-Ríos, Luis Chirosa-Ríos, Enrique Olave, Carmen Ferragut, Helena Vila, and Daniel Jerez-Mayorga. Effects of eccentric exercise on muscle architecture in adults: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0094.

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Review question / Objective: Question: What is the effect of eccentric training on muscle architecture in the adult population? Objective: This review aims to evaluate the effects of eccentric training on muscle architecture in the adult population. Condition being studied: Healthy individuals who were subjected to eccentric training. Eligibility criteria: Articles that met the following criteria were included in this review: (I) subjects >18 years old, (II) Eccentric training program longer than 4 weeks (III) Studies with randomized clinical trial design, (IV) studies reporting measures of muscle architecture: “pennation angle”, “fascicle length”, “muscle thickness”, (V) full text available, and (VI) articles in English. In addition, we excluded all those articles that (I) Eccentric training programs of less than 4 weeks (II) conference presentations, theses, books, editorials, review articles and expert opinions, (III) duplicate articles, and (IV) articles in which the principal or secondary authors did not respond to e-mail requests.
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DuBose, D. A., M. Cayanong, D. H. Morehouse, J. L. Jenner, and M. Kellog. Influence of a Single-bout of Muscle Damaging Eccentric Exercise on Human Plasma Fibronectin Level. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411794.

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