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Journal articles on the topic 'EBRA'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Masaoka, Yoko, Yasuhiro Ueno, Yuji Morita, Teruo Kuroda, Tohru Mizushima, and Tomofusa Tsuchiya. "A Two-Component Multidrug Efflux Pump, EbrAB, in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 8 (April 15, 2000): 2307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.8.2307-2310.2000.

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ABSTRACT Genes (ebrAB) responsible for ethidium resistance were cloned from chromosomal DNA of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9372. The recombinant plasmid produced elevated resistance against ethidium bromide, acriflavine, pyronine Y, and safranin O not only inEscherichia coli but also in B. subtilis. It also caused an elevated energy-dependent efflux of ethidium in E. coli. EbrA and EbrB showed high sequence similarity with members of the small multidrug resistance (SMR) family of multidrug efflux pumps. Neither ebrA nor ebrB was sufficient for resistance, but introduction of the two genes carried on different plasmids conferred drug resistance. Thus, both EbrA and EbrB appear to be necessary for activity of the multidrug efflux pump. In known members of the SMR family, only one gene produces drug efflux. Thus, EbrAB is a novel SMR family multidrug efflux pump with two components.

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2

Ilchmann, T., U. Kesteris, and H. Wingstrand. "Effect of Pelvic Tilt on Radiographic Migration and Wear Measurements after Total Hip Arthroplasty." HIP International 8, no. 1 (January 1998): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070009800800102.

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Tilt effects on radiographic measurements after total hip arthroplasty should be studied. A new computerized method for measurement, called EBRA, making three-dimensional calculations and intended to identify tilted radiographs was evaluated for its clinical usefulness. In an experimental set-up repeated radiographs were taken with a human pelvis tilted gradually around its horizontal and vertical axes. Migration and wear were measured with the EBRA method and the results were compared with those made using standard methods. Tilted radiographs were identified and excluded from analysis by the EBRA method, significantly reducing the maximum error of measurement. A systematic error of measurement was found in the presence of consecutively changing tilt in a single direction. Wear measurements were only slightly affected by pelvic tilt. A pelvic tilt can cause considerable errors in the measurement of cup migration-i.e. up to 8.2 mm. The EBRA method improves the accuracy of measurements by taking the effects of tilt into account.

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3

Liu, Ming Xin, and Xiao Meng Wang. "Energy Balance Routing Algorithm Based on Energy Heterogeneous WSN." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 3976–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.3976.

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Balancing energy load is a key problem in wireless sensor network (WSN) research. For balancing node energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime, this paper proposes an improved routing algorithm EBRA (Energy Balancing Routing Algorithm) based on energy heterogeneous WSN. To maximize the energy efficiency of network nodes, the EBRA weights the probability of cluster head election. According to the estimate value of the network average remaining energy and the residual energy of network nodes, we can calculate the new cluster head election threshold. The simulation results show that the utilization of energy balance of EBRA algorithm is improved 74%, 30% and 23%, compare with LEACH, SEP and DCHS, respectively.

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4

Aarts, K., E. De Witte, S. Kramer, D. Iannone, F. Destrebecq, and M. Di Luca. "European brain research area: The operational level." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.169.

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Brain research in Europe is a rapidly evolving field, and increasingly at the forefront of science. Although considerable amounts of knowledge and innovative approaches have been generated, the translation into new health interventions is hindered by excessive fragmentation. Effective and efficient collaboration and cooperation among the various initiatives are often identified as a key success factor to achieve brain research full impact. EBRA fully responds to these needs by bringing together the various stakeholders and major brain research initiatives, at European level and beyond. EBRA creates the conditions for real and effective cross fertilisation, dialogue, building consensus and exploiting research potential. On the operational level, EBRA facilitates the emergence of research projects in specific areas in active clusters. A cluster is understood as a research community that can be directed towards basic research, clinical research and/or methodological approaches under a common topic and disease area within brain research. EBRA support clusters to: 1. Consolidate or expand further the research community expand their community, 2. Engage with policy makers and other relevant stakeholders, 3. Build consensus on various issues (research priorities, research roadmap, data sharing, etc.), 4. Promote links with existing research infrastructures, 5. Increase the visibility of the research community through communication and dissemination activities, 6. Coordinate the development of position/consensus papers, white papers, guidelines, meeting reports and/or other cluster outcomes. EBRA currently has 6 existing clusters: EPICLUSTER, Prevention of Severe Mental Disorders (PSMD)-cluster, TRISOMY21-cluster, BRAINFOOD-cluster., PREMOS-cluster and ECIB-cluster.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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5

Tandara, A. A., L. J. Capeller, M. N. Jarczok, P. Mayrhofer, M. Jung, and W. Daecke. "A software tool for prediction of prosthesis failure at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 40, no. 4 (September 4, 2014): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193414548644.

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Early recognition of prosthesis failure is difficult. A tool that helps to identify faulty prosthesis – a cause of early implant loosening – is needed. The aim of this study was to detect early implant loosening by applying a software program EBRA (Ein-Bild-Röntgen-Analyse). EBRA was applied to the radiographs of a series of 76 patients, with a total of 102 thumb carpometacarpal joint de la Caffinière prostheses, with an average follow-up of 14.5 months (range 0.5–24). The data were used to draw graphs of cup migration and inclination over time. Corresponding regression lines of migration and inclination in relation to time were made up to the point of loosening. The gradient of regression was calculated for all implants. The gradient of regression on the x and y axes differed significantly between stable and loose implants. Loose and stable implants showed significantly different cup migration on the x and y axes over time. EBRA proved to be a reliable tool to visualize cup migration in the trapeziometacarpal joint and to predict implant failure.

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6

Blum, Philipp, David Putzer, Johannes Neugebauer, Markus Neubauer, Markus Süß, and Dietmar Dammerer. "EBRA Migration Analysis of a Modular, Distally Fixed Stem in Hip Revision Arthroplasty: A Clinical and Radiological Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19 (October 3, 2022): 5857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195857.

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Background: Massive osteolysis of the proximal femur makes stem revision a challenging procedure. EBRA-FCA provides the opportunity to determine stem migration, which is considered a predictive factor for implant survival. In this study, we aimed to analyze the migration behavior of a modular, distally fixed reconstruction prosthesis. Methods: Applying a retrospective study design, we reviewed all consecutive patients who received a cementless MP reconstruction prosthesis (Waldemar Link GmbH & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany) at our Department between 2005 and 2019. We reviewed medical histories and performed radiological measurements using EBRA-FCA software. Results: A total of 67 stems in 62 patients (female 26; male 36) fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Mean age at surgery was 68.0 (range 38.7–88.44) years. EBRA migration analysis showed a median subsidence of 1.6 mm (range 0.0–20.6) at 24 months. The angle between stem and femur axis was 0.3° (range 0.0°–2.9°) at final follow-up. No correlation between body mass index and increased subsidence was found (p > 0.05). Overall revision-free rate amounted to 92.5% and revision-free rate for aseptic loosening to 98.5%. Furthermore, no case of material breakage was detected. Conclusions: In summary, the MP reconstruction prosthesis showed low subsidence and reduction in the migration rate over the investigated follow-up. Based on this, the modular stem can be considered as a good therapy option in challenging stem revisions offering various options to address the individual anatomical situation.

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7

Di Luca, M., E. De Witte, K. Aarts, S. Kramer, D. Iannone, and F. Destrebecq. "European brain research area: The strategic level." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S54—S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.171.

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Brain research in Europe is a rapidly evolving field, and increasingly at the forefront of science. Although considerable amounts of knowledge and innovative approaches have been generated, the translation into new health interventions is hindered by excessive fragmentation. Effective and efficient collaboration and cooperation among the various initiatives are often identified as a key success factor to achieve brain research full impact. EBRA fully responds to these needs by bringing together the various stakeholders and major brain research initiatives, at European level and beyond. EBRA creates the conditions for real and effective cross fertilisation, dialogue, building consensus and exploiting research potential. At the strategic level, EBRA acts by fostering alignment and better coordination of research strategies across European and global brain initiatives. Therefore, an overview of the scale and scope of brain research activities funded in the EU framework programme and the funding initiatives of JPND, NEURON and HBP has been created. The results of the mapping exercise then underpinned the development of a Shared European Brain Research Agenda (SEBRA). The SEBRA focuses on research opportunities and research gaps to be addressed in the field, and priorities for action in the short- and long-term. It integrates pre-existing documents as well as expert (i.e., researchers, neurologists/psychiatrists, patient representatives) input that has been collected through surveys and in a dedicated expert workshop. The SEBRA will be used to provide recommendations on future areas for excellent, innovative, and translational research comprising those for maximized cooperation, reduced overlap, and fragmentation.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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8

Tang, Liangrui, and Zhilin Lu. "DS Evidence Theory-Based Energy Balanced Routing Algorithm for Network Lifetime Enhancement in WSN-Assisted IOT." Algorithms 13, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13060152.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can provide data acquisition for long-term environment monitoring, which are important parts of Internet of Things (IoT). In the WSN-assisted IoT, energy efficient routing algorithms are required to maintain a long network lifetime. In this paper, a DS evidence theory-based energy balanced routing algorithm for network lifetime enhancement (EBRA-NLE) in WSN-assisted IOT is proposed. From the perspective of energy balance and minimization of routing path energy consumption, three attribute indexes are established to evaluate the forward neighboring nodes. Then a route selection method based on DS evidence theory is developed to comprehensively evaluate the nodes and select the optimal next hop. In order to avoid missing the ideal solution because of the excessive difference between the index values, the sine function is used to adjust this difference. The simulation results show that the proposed EBRA-NLE has certain advantages in prolonging network lifetime and balancing energy between nodes.

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9

Ilchmann, T. "The Repeatability of EBRA in Migration and Wear Analysis." HIP International 9, no. 2 (January 1999): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070009900900204.

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10

Krismer, Martin, Rudolf Bauer, Josef Tschupik, and Peter Mayrhofer. "EBRA: A method to measure migration of acetabular components." Journal of Biomechanics 28, no. 10 (October 1995): 1225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(94)00177-6.

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11

Llchmann, Thomas, Uldis Kesteris, and Hans Wingstrand. "EBRA improves the accuracy of radiographic analysis of acetabular cup migration." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 69, no. 2 (January 1998): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453679809117610.

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12

Rittmeister, M., K. Eisenbeis, S. Hanusek, Z. Yanik-Karaca, M. Starker, and M. Arabmotlagh. "Bewertung der Implantatposition von 107 individuellen CTX-Hüftendoprothesenschäften mit EBRA-FCA." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete 142, no. 06 (December 21, 2004): 659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-832405.

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13

Meggio, A., F. Armelao, L. Morelli, G. De Pretis, G. Cataudella, L. Bozzola, E. Galliani, et al. "BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS: ENDOSCOPY & HISTOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN THE EBRA-REGISTRY EXPERIENCE." Digestive and Liver Disease 41 (March 2009): S80—S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(09)60204-8.

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14

Krismer, M., J. P. Tschupik, R. Bauer, P. Mayrhofer, B. Stöckl, M. Fischer, and R. Biedermann. "Einzel-Bild-Röntgen-Analyse (EBRA) zur Messung der Migration von Hüftendoprothesen." Der Orthopäde 26, no. 3 (March 17, 1997): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00003378.

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15

Frank, Kristi L., Aaron M. T. Barnes, Suzanne M. Grindle, Dawn A. Manias, Patrick M. Schlievert, and Gary M. Dunny. "Use of Recombinase-BasedIn VivoExpression Technology To Characterize Enterococcus faecalis Gene Expression during Infection IdentifiesIn Vivo-Expressed Antisense RNAs and Implicates the Protease Eep in Pathogenesis." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 2 (December 5, 2011): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05964-11.

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ABSTRACTEnterococcus faecalisis a member of the mammalian gastrointestinal microflora that has become a leading cause of nosocomial infections over the past several decades.E. faecalismust be able to adapt its physiology based on its surroundings in order to thrive in a mammalian host as both a commensal and a pathogen. We employed recombinase-basedin vivoexpression technology (RIVET) to identify promoters on theE. faecalisOG1RF chromosome that were specifically activated during the course of infection in a rabbit subdermal abscess model. The RIVET screen identified 249 putativein vivo-activated loci, over one-third of which are predicted to generate antisense transcripts. Three predicted antisense transcripts were detected inin vitro- andin vivo-grown cells, providing the first evidence ofin vivo-expressed antisense RNAs inE. faecalis. Deletions in thein vivo-activated genes that encode glutamate 5-kinase (proB[EF0038]), the transcriptional regulator EbrA (ebrA[EF1809]), and the membrane metalloprotease Eep (eep[EF2380]) did not hinder biofilm formation inin vitroassays. In a rabbit model of endocarditis, the ΔebrAstrain was fully virulent, the ΔproBstrain was slightly attenuated, and the Δeepstrain was severely attenuated. The Δeepvirulence defect could be complemented by the expression of the wild-type gene intrans. Microscopic analysis of early Δeepbiofilms revealed an abundance of small cellular aggregates that were not observed in wild-type biofilms. This work illustrates the use of a RIVET screen to provide information about the temporal activation of genes during infection, resulting in the identification and confirmation of a new virulence determinant in an important pathogen.

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16

Tong, Xunqian, Gengfa Fang, Diep Nguyen, Jun Lin, and Emerson Cabrera. "An Energy-Balanced Routing Algorithm in Wireless Seismic Sensor Network." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 6823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.5633.

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Due to unpredictable geological outdoor environments and imbalances in energy consumption of seismometer nodes in the wireless seismic sensor networks (WSSN), some seismometer nodes fail much earlier than others due to power loss. This would cause hot spot problems, network partitions, and significantly shorten network lifetime. In this paper, we designed an energy-balanced routing algorithm (EBRA) to ensure balanced energy consumption from all seismometer nodes in the WSSN and to enhance the connectivity and lifetime of the WSSN. By aiming at minimizing the imbalance in the residual energy, we divide the routing algorithm into two parts: clustering formation and inter-cluster routing. In clustering formation, we design an energy-balanced clustering algorithm, which selects the cluster head dynamically, based on residual energy, distance between the seismometer node and data collector. The clustering algorithm mitigates hot spot problems by balancing energy consumption among seismometer nodes. In regards to inter-cluster routing, we can relate it to the pareto-candidate set. To reduce the average multi-hop delay from cluster heads to the data collector, we optimize the pareto-candidate set by Hamming distance. In the design of EBRA, we consider minute details such as energy consumed by transmitting bits and impact of average multi-hop delay. This adds to the novelty of this work compared to the existing studies. Simulation results demonstrated a reduction in the average multi-hop delay by 87.5% with network size of 200 nodes in ten different data collector locations. Our algorithm also improves the network lifetime over the others three schemes by 7.8%, 23% and 45.4%, respectively.

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17

DAECKE, W., P. WIELOCH, A. MARTINI, B. HELBIG, and P. MAYRHOFER. "12.7 EBRA- DIGITAL SOFTWARE FOR MONITORING IMPLANT MIGRATION IN CMC- JOINT ARTHROPLASTY." Journal of Hand Surgery: Journal of the British Society for Surgery of the Hand 31 (June 2006): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2006.03.036.

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18

Dammerer, D., F. Schneider, T. Renkawitz, D. Putzer, M. Bogensperger, and R. Biedermann. "High risk of hip dislocation following polyethylene liner exchange in total hip arthroplasty—is cup revision necessary?" Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 140, no. 11 (September 19, 2020): 1837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00402-020-03603-3.

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Abstract Purpose Polyethylene (PE) wear remains a common reason for revision surgery following total hip arthroplasty (THA). An established treatment method is isolated liner exchange in a well-fixed acetabular cup and entails a known high risk of hip dislocation after revision surgery. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the rate of hip dislocation after liner exchange. Methods Patients were included if (1) the PE liner was removable, (2) the acetabular shell was stable with acceptable orientation, (3) no osteolysis around the acetabular cup was found and (4) no dislocation of the THA occurred before revision surgery. We reviewed medical histories and performed radiological measurements using Einzel-Bild-Röntgen-Analyse (EBRA) software. EBRA measurements and statistical investigations were performed by two independent investigators. Results A total of 82 patients were included in our study. Mean follow-up was six (range: 3.6–9.9) years. In 13 (15.8%) patients THA dislocations occurred at a mean postoperative period of 20.2 (range: 1–44) weeks after revising the PE liner. This is equivalent to an absolute risk increase of 16% after revision surgery, which results in a number needed to harm of 6. This means that every sixth patient with isolated liner exchange can expect to experience dislocation due to wear. Conclusion In conclusion, isolated exchange of the polyethylene liner because of wear showed a high risk of dislocation and further cup revision. Our results suggest that the threshold for revising well-fixed components in the case of liner wear should be lowered. Trial Registration number and date of registration Number: 20140710-1012 and Date: 2016-03-09.

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19

Nunag, Perrico, Angela H. Deakin, Ezekiel Oburu, and Martin Sarungi. "Two-Year Radiologic Assessment of the Trident Peripheral Self-Locking Cup Using Ebra." HIP International 22, no. 5 (September 2012): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/hip.2012.9744.

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20

Wilkinson, J. M., A. J. Hamer, R. A. Elson, I. Stockley, and R. Eastell. "Precision of EBRA-Digital software for monitoring implant migration after total hip arthroplasty." Journal of Arthroplasty 17, no. 7 (October 2002): 910–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/arth.2002.34530.

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21

Wilkinson, J. M. "Abstracts from the 5TH EBRA Meeting: Migration and Wear after Total Hip Arthroplasty." HIP International 13, no. 1 (January 2003): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070000301300111.

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22

Ilchmann, Thomas, Jan Philipp Gelzer, Eugen Winter, and Kuno Weise. "Acetabular reconstruction with the Burch-Schneider ring: An EBRA analysis of 40 cup revisions." Acta Orthopaedica 77, no. 1 (January 2006): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17453670610045722.

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23

Ochs, U., T. Ilchmann, B. Ochs, J. Marx, K. Brunnhuber, M. Lüem, and K. Weise. "EBRA Migration Patterns of the Plasmacup with Ceramic or Polyethylene Inserts: A Randomised Study." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete 145, S 1 (October 16, 2007): S20—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965655.

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24

Parente, Paola, and Lisa Zanatta. "Mo1546 Barrett Esophagus: Biopsy Sampling and Prevalence of Intestinalized Metaplasia in the EBRA-Registry." Gastroenterology 142, no. 5 (May 2012): S—625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(12)62401-9.

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25

Abrahams, John M., Stuart A. Callary, Sung W. Jang, Joseph Hewitt, Donald W. Howie, and Lucian B. Solomon. "Accuracy of EBRA‐cup measurements after reconstruction of severe acetabular defects at revision THR." Journal of Orthopaedic Research 38, no. 7 (February 20, 2020): 1497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.24623.

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26

Aarts, K., E. De Witte, S. Kramer, and F. Destrebecq. "P.705 European Brain Research Area (EBRA): Promoting and enhancing collaboration in brain research." European Neuropsychopharmacology 40 (November 2020): S401—S402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.521.

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27

Freitag, Tobias, Thomas Kappe, Michael Fuchs, Sebastian Jung, Heiko Reichel, and Ralf Bieger. "Migration pattern of a femoral short-stem prosthesis: a 2-year EBRA-FCA-study." Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 134, no. 7 (April 2, 2014): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00402-014-1984-x.

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28

Dammerer, D., A. Keiler, D. Putzer, F. Lenze, M. Liebensteiner, and M. Thaler. "Different wear in two highly cross-linked polyethylene liners in THA: wear analysis with EBRA." Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 141, no. 9 (March 4, 2021): 1591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00402-021-03832-0.

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Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was (1) to compare early wear rates in bedding-in periods of two highly cross-linked polyethylene liners frequently used in THA and (2) to evaluate risk factors indicating a possible higher wear rate. Materials and methods 1120 patients who received a Crossfire or a Marathon highly cross-linked (HXLPE) ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene liner in primary THA at our Department between 2004 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with (1) only alumina heads on HXLPE acetabular bearings, (2) a minimum of four radiographs per patient for EBRA analysis, (3) no osteolysis around the acetabular cup and (4) no dislocations that occurred during the study period were included. Results A total of 328 patients (female: 183; male: 145; Marathon: 179; Crossfire: 149) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up was 24 (range 7–51) months. With 0.22 (SD 0.27) mm mean total wear for the Marathon was three times greater than for the Crossfire, namely 0.07 (SD 0.14) mm. Mean cup migration during the investigated follow-up period was 0.7 (SD 0.8) mm for the Pinnacle and 0.5 mm (SD 0.7) for the Trident PSL cups. Conclusion Initial early wear of highly cross-linked polyethylene in combination with alumina heads differs strongly between products. Long-term survivorship of these liners should be observed to determine whether early wear has an impact on aseptic loosening. Level of evidence Level III (retrospective comparative study with prospective cohort).

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Phillips, Nicholas J., Ian Stockley, and J. Mark Wilkinson. "Direct plain radiographic methods versus EBRA-Digital for measuring implant migration after total hip arthroplasty." Journal of Arthroplasty 17, no. 7 (October 2002): 917–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/arth.2002.34529.

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Parente, P., and L. Zanatta. "P.19.10 BARRETT ESOPHAGUS: BIOPSY SAMPLING AND PREVALENCE OF INTESTINALIZED METAPLASIA IN THE EBRA-REGISTRY." Digestive and Liver Disease 44 (March 2012): S211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(12)60599-4.

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ANSELMO, MARCELLA, and ANTONIO RESTIVO. "ON LANGUAGES FACTORIZING THE FREE MONOID." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 06, no. 04 (August 1996): 413–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196796000246.

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A language X⊂A* is called factorizing if there exists a language Y⊂A* such that XY = A* This work was partially supported by ESPRIT-EBRA project ASMICS contact 6317 and project 40% MURST “Algoritmi, Modelli di Calcolo e Strutture Informative”. and the product is unambiguous. First we give a combinatorial characterization of factorizing languages. Further we prove that it is decidable whether a regular language X is factorizing and we construct an automaton recognizing the corresponding language Y. For finite languages we show that it suffices to consider words of bounded length. A complete characterization of factorizing languages with three words and explicit regular expression for the corresponding language Y are also given. Finally we prove a more general result stating that, given two regular languages X and T, it is decidable whether there exists a language Y such that XY=T and the product is unambiguous.

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32

Eingartner, C., T. Ilchmann, J. Dieter, and K. Weise. "Subsidence pattern of a cementless straight titanium alloy femoral stem - A radiographic study with EBRA-FCA." Hip International 15, no. 2 (2005): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/hip.2008.934.

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33

Beaulé, P. E., M. Krismer, P. Mayrhofer, S. Wanner, M. Le Duff, M. Mattesich, B. Stoeckl, H. C. Amstutz, and R. Biedermann. "EBRA-FCA for measurement of migration of the femoral component in surface arthroplasty of the hip." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 87-B, no. 5 (May 2005): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.87b5.15377.

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34

Kutzner, Karl Philipp, Emanuel Ried, Stefanie Donner, Ralf Bieger, Joachim Pfeil, and Tobias Freitag. "Mid-term migration pattern of a calcar-guided short stem: A five-year EBRA-FCA-study." Journal of Orthopaedic Science 25, no. 6 (November 2020): 1015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jos.2020.01.001.

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35

Wyss, Tobias, Peter Kägi, Peter Mayrhofer, Hubert Nötzli, Dominik Pfluger, and Karl Knahr. "Five-year Results of the Uncemented RM Pressfit Cup Clinical Evaluation and Migration Measurements by EBRA." Journal of Arthroplasty 28, no. 8 (September 2013): 1291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2012.11.004.

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Biedermann, R., M. Krismer, B. Stöckl, P. Mayrhofer, E. Ornstein, and H. Franzén. "Accuracy of EBRA-FCA in the measurement of migration of femoral components of total hip replacement." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 81-B, no. 2 (March 1999): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.81b2.0810266.

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Eingartner, C., T. Ilchmann, J. Dieter, and K. Weise. "Subsidence Pattern of a Cementless Straight Titanium Alloy Femoral Stem - A Radiographic Study with EBRA-FCA." HIP International 15, no. 2 (January 2005): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070000501500204.

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38

Freitag, Tobias, Michael Fuchs, Julia V. Woelfle-Roos, Heiko Reichel, and Ralf Bieger. "Mid-term migration analysis of a femoral short-stem prosthesis: a five-year EBRA-FCA-study." HIP International 29, no. 2 (May 9, 2018): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120700018772277.

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Abstract:

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the mid-term migration pattern of a femoral short stem. Methods: Implant migration of 73 femoral short-stems was assessed by Ein-Bild-Roentgen-Analysis Femoral-Component-Analysis (EBRA-FCA) 5 years after surgery. Migration pattern of the whole group was analysed and compared to the migration pattern of implants “at risk” with a subsidence of more than 1.5 mm 2 years postoperative. Results: Mean axial subsidence was 1.1 mm (–5.0 mm to 1.5 mm) after 60 months. There was a statistical significant axial migration until 2 years postoperative with settling thereafter. 2 years after surgery 18 of 73 Implants were classified “at risk.” Nevertheless, all stems showed secondary stabilisation in the following period with no implant failure neither in the group of implants with early stabilisation nor the group with extensive early onset migration. Conclusion: In summary, even in the group of stems with more pronounced early subsidence, delayed settling occurred in all cases. The determination of a threshold of critical early femoral short stem subsidence is necessary because of the differing migration pattern described in this study with delayed settling of the Fitmore stem 2 years postoperatively compared to early settling within the first postoperative year described for conventional stems.

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39

Tiernan, J. P., A. Gordon, A. J. Hamer, I. Stockley, and J. M. Wilkinson. "EBRA-Digital release 2003 versus 1998: A comparison of instrument repeatability for measuring implant migration and wear." Hip International 15, no. 4 (2005): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/hip.2008.4279.

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Langton, David J., Andrew P. Sprowson, Dhirendra Mahadeva, Sharad Bhatnagar, James P. Holland, and Antoni V. F. Nargol. "Cup Anteversion in Hip Resurfacing: Validation of EBRA and the Presentation of a Simple Clinical Grading System." Journal of Arthroplasty 25, no. 4 (June 2010): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2009.08.020.

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41

Krismer, M., R. Biedermann, B. Stöckl, M. Fischer, R. Bauer, and C. Haid. "The prediction of failure of the stem in THR by measurement of early migration using EBRA-FCA." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 81-B, no. 2 (March 1999): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.81b2.0810273.

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42

Tiernan, J. P., A. Gordon, A. J. Hamer, I. Stockley, and J. M. Wilkinson. "EBRA-Digital release 2003 versus 1998: A comparison of instrument repeatability for measuring implant migration and wear." HIP International 15, no. 4 (January 2005): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070000501500407.

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43

Klestil, T., R. Biedermann, A. Krüger, P. Gföller, W. Schmoelz, C. Rangger, M. Krismer, and M. Blauth. "Cementless hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fractures: evaluation of clinical results and measurement of migration by EBRA-FCA." Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 126, no. 6 (March 24, 2006): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00402-006-0133-6.

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44

Meggio, A., P. Parente, M. G. Zorzi, L. Morelli, G. de Pretis, and M. Rugge. "P.212 NON-INTESTINALIZED BARRETT MUCOSA IN THE EBRA REGISTRY: THE ROVERETO EXPERIENCE. IS ENDOSCOPIC FOLLOW-UP NEEDED?" Digestive and Liver Disease 42 (March 2010): S176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(10)60324-6.

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45

Ceolin, M., F. Minnei, E. Guirroli, M. Rugge, and G. Zaninotto. "First year of activity of the EBRA registry on barrett's esophagus: Prevalence of advanced precancerous lesions and early cancer." Digestive and Liver Disease 38 (April 2006): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(06)80152-0.

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Rodriguez, A. "Abstracts from the 4th EBRA Meeting: Migration and Wear After Total Hip Replacement: Liège - Belgium, 17–18 November 2000." HIP International 11, no. 4 (January 2001): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070000101100408.

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Buratti, Carlo Alberto, Carmelo D'arrigo, Giulio Guido, Francesca Lenzi, Gian Domenico Logroscino, Giampiero Magliocchetti, Claudia Mannocci, et al. "Assessment of the Initial Stability of the Symax Femoral Stem with EBRA-FCA: A Multicentric Study of 85 Cases." HIP International 19, no. 1 (January 2009): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070000901900105.

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Kutzner, Karl Philipp, Tobias Freitag, Stefanie Donner, Mark Predrag Kovacevic, and Ralf Bieger. "Outcome of extensive varus and valgus stem alignment in short-stem THA: clinical and radiological analysis using EBRA-FCA." Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 137, no. 3 (February 2, 2017): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00402-017-2640-z.

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Ishaque, B. A., J. Wieczorek, C. A. Fonseca Ulloa, J. B. Seeger, G. A. Ahmed, M. Rickert, and A. Jahnke. "Clinical evaluation of a novel press-fit acetabular cup using “Ein-Bild-Roentgen-Analysis” (EBRA): A positive short-term prognosis." Journal of Orthopaedics 22 (November 2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jor.2020.03.059.

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Thirion, Thierry, Pierre Georis, and Philippe Gillet. "Migration and wear of the Duraloc “1200 series” cup associated with Enduron UHWMPE using the EBRA method and the Imagika software." HIP International 20, no. 2 (April 2010): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070001002000210.

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