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Gnanagurunathan, Gnanam. "Electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure based patch antennas." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551055.
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Microstrip patch antenna is used extensively in wireless and mobile applications due to its low-profile and lightweight. However, this antenna is prone to low gain, limited bandwidth and increased cross polarization levels. Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) structures are able to enhance the performance of this type of antenna. In this work, the performance of the patch antenna when integrated with EBG structure is investigated. A preliminary simulation study on the performance of a microstrip patch antenna integrated with Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) structures, indicated improvement in the radiation characteristics. First, the EBG characterization effort is undertaken. The bandgap of complementary and non-complementary form of five geometries are analyzed using the transmission line method. The analysis through simulation and measurement, show that complementary form sees a significant shift in the bandgap to lower frequencies and offer wider bandgap when compared to non-complementary form. Subsequently, gain performance of a square patch antenna when it is enclosed by complementary forms of either circular or square EBG cells are investigated. It emerges that the use of complementary EBG cells results in a comparatively better gain performance. The study includes a consideration of the groundplane size and the number of rows surrounding the patch, as these could affect the gain performance. This is followed by experimental measurements to substantiate the simulation outcome. Finally, the gain performance of a wideband antenna when it is configured with an EBG structure which functions as a reflector, also known as Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) is investigated and reported. Four variations of the AMC structure are investigated i.e. a square cell backed by square cells (with and without vias) and square cells backed by a PEC (with and without vias). The properties of gain, impedance bandwidth and power patterns are measured and reported over the wideband frequencies of 3-10GHz.
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Lai, Ying-Chun. "A Development of a Common-Mode FilterUsing an EBG Structure in High Speed SerialLinks." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104986.
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As signal speed increases and electronic products become progressively smaller,the risks of electromagnetic radiation and interference are also heightened.Ericsson's SCXB, an Ethernet switch card, experiences exactly this problem,with excessive emission levels probably caused by common-mode noise.In this project, a common-mode lter using the electromagnetic bandgap(EBG) structure has been designed and implemented in the SCXB. Unlikeconventional common-mode lters, the common-mode lter is embedded inthe printed circuit board (PCB) beneath the dierential lines. The eect ofthe common-mode lter is assessed by measuring the insertion loss and thepower radiation of a shielded cable connected to the common-mode lter.A compact common-mode lter using an EBG structure has been proposedin this project and this works eectively at 937.5 MHz. One of the resultsfrom the parametric analysis shows that the common-mode lter is suitableto work in a high frequency range due to the smaller structure and the widerbandwidth range. The common-mode lter is constructed with the PCBfabrication process. No additional components are necessary, although morelayers of the PCB's stack up are required in which to embed the common-mode lter.
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Choi, Jinwoo. "Noise Suppression and Isolation in Mixed-Signal Systems Using Alternating Impedance Electromagnetic Bandgap (AI-EBG) Structure." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10417.
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With the evolution of technologies, mixed-signal system integration is becoming necessary for combining heterogeneous functions such as high-speed processors, radio frequency (RF) circuits, memory, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), sensors, and optoelectronic devices. This kind of integration is required for convergent microsystems that support communication and computing capabilities in a tightly integrated module. A major bottleneck with such heterogeneous integration is the noise coupling between the dissimilar blocks constituting the system. The noise generated by the high-speed digital circuits can couple through the power distribution network (PDN) and this noise can transfer to sensitive RF circuits, completely destroying the functionality of noise-sensitive RF circuits.
One common method used for mixed-signal integration in the package is splitting the power and/or ground planes. The gap in the power and ground planes can partially block the propagation of electromagnetic waves. However, electromagnetic energy can still couple through the split, especially at frequencies greater than 1 GHz. The AI-EBG structure in this dissertation has been developed to suppress unwanted noise coupling in mixed-signal systems and this AI- EBG structure shows excellent isolation (-80 dB ~ -140 dB), which results in a noise coupling-free environment in mixed-signal systems. The AI-EBG structure would be part of the power distribution network (PDN) in systems and is expected to have a significant impact on noise suppression and isolation in mixed-signal systems in future.
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Pítra, Kamil. "Antény pro oblasti (sub)milimetrových vln." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233662.
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Disertační práce se zabývá návrhem a optimalizací kruhově polarizované anténa pro oblast terahertzových kmitočtů. V práci se věnuji zjednodušené teorii terahertzového zdroje a návrhu vhodné antény pro tento zdroj. Návrh je zaměřen na dosažení kruhové polarizace z lineárně polarizovaných antén. Abych potlačil šíření povrchové vlny na elektricky tlustém dielektrickém substrátu, věnuji se návrhu a optimalizaci specifických periodických struktur. Návrh těchto struktur je poměrně komplikovaný, protože neexistuje přímočarý vztah mezi vlastnostmi struktur s elektromagnetickým zádržným pásmem (EBG) a geometrií buňky. Abych vhodně koncentroval vyzařovanou energii do úzkého svazku, věnuji se návrhu a optimalizaci částečně odrazného plochy (PRS), které působí jako planární čočka pro terahertzovou anténu.
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Palreddy, Sandeep R. "Wideband Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) Structures, Analysis and Applications to Antennas." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54004.
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In broadband antenna applications, the antenna's cavity is usually loaded with absorbers to eliminate the backward radiation, but in doing so the radiation efficiency of the antenna is decreased. To enhance the radiation efficiency of the antennas EBG structures are used, but they operate over a narrow band. Uniform electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures are usually periodic structures consisting of metal patches that are separated by small gaps and vias that connect the patches to the ground plane. The electrical equivalent circuit consists of a resonant tank circuit, whose capacitance is represented by the gap between the patches and inductance represented by the via. EBG structures are equivalent to a magnetic surface at the frequency of resonance and thus have very high surface impedance; this makes the EBG structures useful when mounting an antenna close to conducting ground plane, provided the antenna's currents are parallel to the EBG structure. Because EBG structures are known to operate over a very narrow band, they are not useful when used with a broadband antenna. Mushroom-like uniform EBG structures (that use vias) are compact in size have low loss, can be integrated into an antenna to minimize coupling effects of ground planes and increase radiation efficiency of the antenna. The bandwidth of an EBG structure is defined as the band where the reflection-phase from the structure is between +900 to -900. In this dissertation analysis of EBG structures is established using circuit analysis and transmission line analysis. Methods of increasing the bandwidth of EBG structures are explored, by cascading uniform EBG structures of different sizes progressively and vertically (stacked), and applications with different types of antennas are presented. Analyses in this dissertation are compared with previously published results and with simulated results using 3D electromagnetic tools. Validation of applications with antennas is carried by manufacturing prototypes and comparing measured performance with analysis and 3D electromagnetic simulations. The improvements in performance by using wideband progressive EBG and wideband stacked EBG structures are noted.Ph. D.
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Venkateswaran, Ajay. "Analysis of planar EBG structures using transmission line models." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40812.
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The transmission line based analytical solutions have simplified engineering of complex microwave circuits like electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBGs). In this thesis, planar EBG structures are studied by derivation of lumped element and transmission line equivalent circuits followed by utilizing analytical formulations. Based on this approach, a code is developed that predicts the dispersion characteristics of these periodic structures in a matter of few seconds. Planar EBG structures containing meander sections are investigated and a method for development of an equivalent circuit for the meander line portion is presented. The analysis of the studied EBG structures begins from a simple 1D geometry and is extended to more complex 2D geometries. The analytical simulation results are evaluated against full-wave simulations. Inclusion of the meander sections reduces the beginning of the bandgap to below 1GHz resulting in a more attractive structure for low frequency omni-directional filtering.Les solutions analytiques basées sur des lignes de transmission ont simplifié l'ingénierie de circuits micro-ondes complexes, tel que les EBG. La présente thèse étudie les structures coplanaires EBG à partir d'éléments discrets et de modèles de lignes de transmission, auxquels sont ensuite appliquées des formules analytiques. Grâce à cette approche, un logiciel a été développé permettant de prédire les caractéristiques de dispersion de ces structures périodiques en quelques secondes seulement. Les structures coplanaires EBG contenant des sections courbes sont étudiées et un modèle de circuit équivalent à la portion courbe est proposé. L'analyse des structures EBG commence par une simple géométrie 1D, puis est étendue à des géométries 2D plus complexes. Le résultat des simulations analytiques est évalué par rapport au résultat des simulations analogues. Lorsque les sections courbes sont incluses, le début de la bande interdite est porté en deçà de 1GHz, rendant la structure plus intéressante pour le filtrage basse fréquence omni- directionnel.
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Li, Qian. "Miniaturized DGS and EBG structures for decoupling multiple antennas on compact wireless terminals." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10512.
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MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology has been presented to significantly increase the wireless channel capacity and reliability without requiring additional radio spectrum or power. In MIMO systems, multiple antennas are mounted at both the transmitter and the receiver. When this technology is employed for a compact wireless terminal, one of the most challenging tasks is to reduce the high mutual coupling between closely placed antenna array elements. The high mutual coupling produces high correlation between antenna elements and affects the channel capacity of MIMO system. The objectives of this thesis are to design practical miniaturized structures to reduce high mutual coupling for small wireless terminals. The research is conducted in the following areas. Initially, a PIFA design and two-element PIFA array are proposed and optimized to operate at 1.9GHz. A pair of two coupled quarter-wavelength linear slits is inserted in a compact ground plane, resulting in significant reduction of the mutual coupling across antenna operating frequency band. In order to take up less space on the ground plane, instead of the linear slits, miniaturized convoluted slits are implemented between the two closely placed PIFAs. Although the convoluted slits have small area and are positioned close to the edges of the ground plane, the miniaturized convoluted slit structures achieve a reduction of mutual coupling between antenna elements and succeed in reducing the effect of the human body (head and hand) to the antennas. In order to further reduce the size of the slits etched on the compact ground plane, a novel double-layer slit-patch EBG structure is proposed. It consists of a two-layer structure including conducting patches and aperture slits placed on either side of a very thin dielectric layer. They are placed in very close proximity to each other (55μm). A two-element printed CPW-fed monopole array operating around 2.46GHz and a two-element UWB planar monopole array operating from 3GHz to 6GHz have been employed to investigate the proposed slit-patch EBG structures. The optimized double-layer slit-patch EBG structure yields a significant reduction of the mutual coupling and produces the maximum miniaturization of antenna array. Another novel convoluted slit-patch EBG structure has been presented to reduce the mutual coupling between two PIFAs operating at 1.9GHz. These results demonstrate that the slit-patch EBG structure is a feasible technology to reduce the mutual coupling between multiple antennas for compact wireless terminals.
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Masuda, Tetsuya. "Studies on structure-sweetness relationship in egg white lysozyme." Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144346.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・論文博士
博士(農学)
乙第11784号
論農博第2590号
新制||農||923(附属図書館)
学位論文||H18||N4112(農学部図書室)
23839
UT51-2006-C706
京都大学大学院農学研究科食品工学専攻
(主査)教授 北畠 直文, 教授 吉川 正明, 教授 河田 照雄
学位規則第4条第2項該当
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Dornan, Ben. "EEG and the default mode : a structured investigation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8385/.
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The default network refers to a network of brain regions more active in the resting state than during active engagement in a task. The anatomy and functional behaviour of the network has been well established through a decade of work which has a heavy bias towards fMRI-based investigation. EEG has great potential to increase our understanding of the default network, however to date the application of EEG in the area has been sparse and uncoordinated. Where it is deployed, often authors will attempt to make new inferences about the default network before their EEG signal has been established as truly reflecting activity in the network. The establishement of an agreed default network marker in the EEG signal would allow for much more coordination in the investigation of the network and allow the integration of results into a coherent whole. The present work aimed to construct a robust and replicable approach to investigating whether aspects of the EEG signal may be reflective of default network activity. A three stage process was used. Firstly, the existing fMRI literature was studied to create a 'template' of default network activity during task and rest states. Secondly, the broader default network literature was studied to identify EEG signals which have been suggested to be reflective of default network activity. Finally, experiments were conducted collecting EEG data in simple task and rest states. The behaviour of the EEG signal was compared to the default network template. Very low frequency EEG and frontal midline theta were assessed on this basis. The former was not found to demonstrate identifiable default network-like acitivty, however the interpretation of this negative finding was made difficult by the lack of a general understanding of EEG in the sub 1Hz frequency range. The latter was found to bear some hallmarks of default network activity – a change in overall power and a change in low frequency power fluctuations between conditions – however these changes were in the opposite direction from those predicted. This partial fit to predictions was found to highlight strengths and weaknesses of this template matching approach. The weakness is that ambiguous results cannot readily be interpreted within an approach designed to make judgements one way or the other. The strength is that this ambiguity was not resolved with reference to the default network literature. The new aspect of the present work is that task-state signal was extracted purely from pretrial baseline periods free from the influence of event related activity, an approach does not appear to have been adopted in the fMRI literature which was used to construct the template. The benefit of these results, then, is that they pose a question which the existing literature cannot answer, suggesting future directions in both EEG and fMRI work.
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Franco, Vitor Ramos. "Monitoramento da integridade em estruturas aeronáuticas /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94527.
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o estudo e desenvolvimento de uma técnica de monitoramento da integridade estrutural, para identificação e caracterização de falhas estruturais através da metodologia das ondas de Lamb utilizando materiais piezelétricos como sensores e atuadores. Ondas de Lamb são uma forma de perturbação elástica que se propaga guiada entre duas superfícies paralelas livres. Ondas de Lamb são formadas quando o atuador excita a superfície da estrutura com um pulso depois de receber um sinal. Quando uma onda propaga na superfície de uma placa, ela chega em um PZT sensor por diferentes caminhos. Um caminho é quando a onda atinge o sensor diretamente, ou seja, sem obstáculos no caminho em que ela se propaga. Outro caminho possível é quando a onda chega ao sensor após se propagar sobre descontinuidades existentes na superfície da estrutura. Com as várias características dos sinais recebidos, e com o uso de certas técnicas de processamento de sinais, essas falhas podem ser identificadas, realizando-se a ação correta tentando evitar a total falha da estrutura. Nesse contexto, diferentes testes experimentais foram realizados em diferentes tipos de estruturas. Redes de sensores e atuadores piezelétricos foram acopladas na superfície dessas estruturas, a fim de se fazer a configuração das ondas de Lamb. Os PZTs atuadores excitaram a estrutura em altas faixas de frequência. Diferentes tipos de falhas estruturais foram simuladas, através do aumento de massa, alteração de rigidez e através de cortes na borda das estruturas. Quatro índices de falha foram utilizados para detectar a presença da falha na estrutura, são eles: Root- Means-Square Deviation (RMSD), Índice de Falha Métrica (IFM), Norma H2 e Correlation Coefficient Deviation Mean (CCDM). Estes índices foram computados através dos sinais de entrada e de saída no domínio da frequência... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: This work presents the study and development of a Structural Health Monitoring technique for identification and characterization of structural damages based on Lamb waves methodology using piezoelectric materials as actuators and sensors. Lamb waves are a form of elastic perturbation that remains guided between two parallel free surfaces. Lamb waves are formed when the actuator excites the structure's surface with a pulse after receiving a signal. When the wave propagates on the structure, it comes in a PZT sensor from different paths. One path is when the wave reaches the sensor directly, i.e. without obstacles in the path in which it propagated. Another possible path is when the wave reaches the sensor after spreads on discontinuities in the structure's surface. Damages can be detected and located through several features of the received signals and with the use of certain techniques of signal processing. In this context, several experimental tests were performed on different kinds of structures. Piezoelectric actuators and sensors networks were attached on the surface of these structures in order to make the Lamb waves configuration. The PZTs actuators excited the structure in high frequency ranges. Different kinds of structural damages were simulated by increasing mass, reduction of stiffness and cuts through the edge of the structures. Four damage-sensitive indexes were used to detect the presence of the damage in the structure: Root-Means-Square Deviation (RMSD), Metric Damage Index (MDI), H2 Norm and Correlation Coefficient Deviation (CCDM). These indices were computed in the frequency domain. The results showed the viability of the Lamb waves methodology for Structural Health Monitoring system using smart materials as actuators and sensors
Orientador: Vicente Lopes Junior
Coorientador: Michael J. Brennan
Banca: Gilberto Pechoto de Melo
Banca: José Roberto de França Arruda
Mestre
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Chauraya, Alford. "Photoconductive switching using silicon and its applications in antennas and reconfigurable metallodielectric Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34254.
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The aims of this research work were to investigate the microwave properties of photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS), and how the properties might be used to optically control microwave and millimetre wave devices. Tunable devices (such as antennas, filters and metamaterials) have the ability to increase flexibility performance in multiband systems for example. In this thesis the performance of microwave switches from microstrip discontinuities, with high resistivity silicon dice placed cross the gaps were investigated. Under optical illumination, the electrons in silicon can be excited from the valence band to the conduction band. This photoconductivity in silicon has been employed to design a small microwave switch that can be operated using optical signal. The optically activated switch offers a wide range of applications. Potential applications have been demonstrated in integrating the microswitch in microstrip patch antenna, microstrip couple line filter, and Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures.
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Arnaout, S. "The structural performance of egg-shaped sewer linings." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46943.
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Murambadoro, Daniel K. "The structural performance of egg-shaped sludge digesters." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5019.
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Olsson, Helena. "Particle interactions and internal tablet structure : factors affecting the mechanical strength of pharmaceutical compacts /." Uppsala, Sweden : Uppsala University : Distributed by Uppsala University Library, 2000. http://w3.ub.uu.se/diss/eng/abstract.cfm?ISBN=91-554-4725-2.
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Parsons, Mark Richard. "Crystallographic studies of L-asparaginase and the structure of turkey egg lysozyme." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328016.
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Sanaei, Maryam. "Finite element analysis and optimisation of egg-box energy absorbing structures." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/333203/.
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This study investigates the mechanical and geometrical attributes of egg–box energy absorbing structures as crash safety barriers in the automotive industry. The research herein was originated from the earlier work of Prof. Shirvani, patented and further investigated by Cellbond Composites Ltd. who has invested in further research, for developing an analytical tool for geometric optimisation as an enhanced resolution to various shapes and materials. Energy absorption in egg-box occurs through plastic deformation of cell walls, examined through non–linear finite element simulations using ANSYS® and ANSYS/LS–DYNA® FE packages. Experimental dynamic crash tests have been designed to verify the validity of the FE simulations. Geometrical models are defined as 3D graphical representations, outlined in detail. Further, the impact behaviour of commercially pure aluminium egg-box energy absorbers is studied to identify the optimum design parameters describing the geometry of the structure. A simulation-based multi-objective optimisation strategy is employed to find a set of Pareto-optimal solutions where each solution represents a trade-off point with respect to the two conflicting objectives: the maximum impact force and the energy absorption capacity of the structure. The aim is to simultaneously minimise the former and maximise the latter, in the attempt to find purpose–specific optimal egg–box geometries. In light of the associated outcomes, it is shown that egg–box geometries with < ω ), thin walls (t < 1mm), short inter–peak distances and small peak diameters. M – < ω ), thin walls (t < 1mm), lengthy inter–peak distances and smaller peak diameters. It is concluded that, egg–box structures combined in the form of sandwich panels can be designed per application to act as optimised energy absorbers. Results of the proposed optimised sandwich structure are verified using analytical techniques.
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Hussain, Mushtaq. "Phylogenomic and structure-function relationship studies of proteins involved in EBV associated oncogenesis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5357/.
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This study covers the investigation of evolutionary and structure-function relationship aspects of several cancer related proteins. One part of the study deals with the investigation of a critical protein of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) the Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1), and its interactions with different host proteins. One of these host proteins is a member of a large gene family, encoding ubiquitin specific proteases (USP), known as USP7. The second section of the thesis deals with the molecular evolution of the USP gene family. Another set of cellular proteins deregulated during EBV associated oncogenesis are members of the glycoside hydrolase (GH18) family. Their phylogenetic relationships and protein structures were investigated in the third section of this thesis. EBNA1 is the only EBV protein that consistently expressed in all latent forms of the EBV infections. The protein is involved in the genome maintenance and a substantial body of evidence suggests that it has a role in EBV associated oncogenesis. In this study, full length molecular models of the EBNA1 protein were generated using the programmes, I-TASSER, MOE and Modeller. The best models were selected on the basis of plausibility in structural and thermodynamical parameters and from this models of EBNA1 homologues of primates lymphocryptoviruses (LCVs) were generated. The C-terminal DNA binding and homodimerisation domain was predicted to be structurally similar between different LCV EBNA1 homologues, indicative of functional conservation. The central glycine alanine repeat (GAr) domain was predicted to be primarily composed of α helices, while almost all of the protein interaction region was found to be unstructured, irrespective of the prediction approach used and sequence origin. Predicted USP7 and Casein kinase 2 (CK2) binding sites and GAr were observed in the EBNA1 homologues of Old World primate LCVs, but not in the marmoset homologue suggesting the co-evolution of both these sites. Dimer conformations of the EBNA1 monomer models were constructed using SymmDock, where the C-terminal tail was predicted to wrap around the proline rich loop of another monomer, possibly contributing to dimer stability. This feature could be exploited in therapeutic design, hence an inhibitor peptide was designed and a preliminary evaluation was conducted to explore its ability to inhibit EBNA1 function in cell survival. The peptide array libraries of EBNA1 were used to investigate the binding regions and critical contact points between EBNA1 and partner proteins. Human EBP2 and USP7 proteins were expressed in bacteria and probed on the EBNA1 array. The data confirm the previously known binding region for EBNA1-EBP2 and EBNA1-USP7 interactions. In addition further information was gained regarding the critical contact residues and the potential role of phosphorylation of serine residues of EBNA1 in its binding with EBP2 and USP7. The human genome encodes nearly 100 USPs which contribute to regulate the turnover of cellular proteins. These homologues are divided into 16 paralogous groups, all sharing a characteristic peptidase C19 domain. Evolutionary relationships between these homologues were explored by datamining and the phylogenetic reconstruction of peptidase C19 domain sequences. The data reveal an ancient relationship between the genes, with expansion occurring throughout the course of evolution, but particularly at the base of the vertebrates, at the time of the two whole genome duplications. A comparison between the phylogenetic architecture and protein interaction networks suggests the parallel emergence of many molecular pathways and the associated USPs. The GH18 gene family includes chitinases and related non catalytic proteins. Most mammals encode at least three chitinases (CHIT1, CHIA/AMCase and CTBS), as well as several homologues encoding catalytically inactive chitinase-like proteins or chilectins. Phylogenomic analysis shows that the family has undergone extensive expansion, initiating with a duplication event at the root of the vertebrate tree, resulting in the origin of the ancestors of CHIT1 and CHIA. Two further duplications of ancestral CHIA predate the divergence of bony fishes, one leading to a newly identified paralogous group (we have termed CHIO). In tetrapods, additional CHIA duplications predate and postdate the amphibian/mammalian split and relics of some exist as pseudogenes in the human genome. Homology modelling of structurally unresolved GH18 homologues in mouse and human was conducted using Modeller and I-TASSER. All resolved and predicted structures share a TIM barrel (β/α)8 and α+β domain. A central ligand binding cavity was also found in all GH18 homologues. The variation in size and shape of different paralogous proteins, indicate the difference in their ligands specificity and in turn potential functions.
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Santos, Janio. "A cidade poli(multi) nucleada : a reestruturação do espaço urbano em Salvador /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105079.
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Orientador: Maria Encarnação Beltrão SpositoBanca: Angelo Szaniecki Perret Serpa
Banca: Gloria da Anunciação Alves
Banca: Arthur Magon Whitacker
Banca: Everaldo Santos Melazzo
Resumo: A partir da metade do século XX, ocorreram transformações políticas e econômicas que influenciaram a urbanização de Salvador/BA. Essas mudanças provocaram alterações em sua estrutura urbana, sendo mais importantes: a redefinição nas relações tempo-espaço, a implantação de novos equipamentos e a constituição de uma nova lógica na centralidade urbana, marcando o início do processo de reestruturação urbana e da cidade. As bases foram engendradas pelo Estado, junto com outros agentes, dentre os quais destacam-se os produtores imobiliários, aliado ao capital financeiro e o capital comercial. As conseqüências revelam a constituição de uma nova feição à estrutura urbana, entendida como expressão de uma cidade poli(multi)nucleada. As atuais áreas centrais de Salvador apresentam-se diferenciadas, tanto no que diz respeito à quantidade de centros, quanto aos interesses dos grupos que estão a esses articulados. Os antigos centros e sub-centros passam por um processo de mudança em suas características fundamentais e os novos correspondem à materialidade de uma lógica urbana hodierna que impera na cidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: After 1950 some economic and political transformations occurred, influencing in the urbanization process of the city of Salvador/BA. These changes provoked some important changes in the urban structure, such as the redefinition of the time-space relationship and the introduction of new equipments, marking the start of urban and city restructuration. The process was produced by the State, among with other agents, and its consequences demonstrate the formation of a new characteristics of the urban structure, understood as the multi(poly)centralité. The current centers are differentiated by the amount and by the interests of the social groups. The old centers and sub-centers had gone through a process of change in its characteristics. The new centers are related to the materiality of the current urban logic and its influences in the city. Due to the social inequality and the high value of the urban ground, the access to market spaces translates conflicts and group interests.
Doutor
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Ramos, Juliana Zina Pereira. "Estudo comparativo da taxocenose de anuros de quatro municípios do Lagamar Paulista /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106570.
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Resumo: Durante o período de fevereiro de 2007 a janeiro de 2009, foram estudadas as taxocenoses de anuros de quatro Municípios do Lagamar Paulista, litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, um complexo estuarino-lagunar caracterizado por três ilhas continentais e porções continentais adjacentes a esta ilhas. Com o objetivo de inventariar as comunidades de anuros da costa (Iguape e Pariquera-Açu) e das ilhas (Ilha de Cananéia, Ilha do Cardoso e Ilha Comprida) e revelar padrões de diversidade e similaridade faunística, foram realizadas campanhas mensais com duração de três a quatro dias consecutivos nos quais as espécies de anuros foram registradas através do uso de duas metodologias complementares (armadilhas de interceptação e queda e procura ativa). Os resultados obtidos através da análise dos dados de composição comparada de espécies revelaram que as comunidades estudadas estão estruturadas. As comunidades das ilhas de Cananéia e Comprida apresentaram um alto grau de similaridade em diversidade de espécies. O mesmo pode ser dito para Pariquera-Açu em relação à Iguape. A análise molecular da estrutura de populações de cinco espécies de anuros ocorrentes nos cinco locais estudados [Rhinella ornata, Dendrophryniscus leucomystax, Hypsiboas albomarginatus, Scinax sp. 1 (aff. alter) e Haddadus binotatus] revelou padrões diferenciados de estrutura e diferentes cenários de formação destas populações. Mecanismos pretéritos relacionados à colonização das ilhas por espécies de anuros, bem como características intrínsecas das espécies colonizadoras podem ter sido os maiores responsáveis pelos padrões de estrutrura de comunidades e estruturas populacionais observados para os locais estudados. O presente estudo evidencia a importância de estudos multidisciplinares para a compreensão da estrutura e evolução de populações e comunidades de anuros.Abstract: From February 2007 to January 2009 we studied the anuran taxocenosis of four municipalities of an estuary-lagoon complex in the south coast of São Paulo State (Lagamar) composed by three continental Islands and continental areas adjacent to these Islands. In order to survey the anuran communities from the continental areas (Iguape Pariquera-Acu) and Islands (Cananéia, Cardoso, and Comprida), and to determine patterns of diversity and faunal similarity we conducted monthly surveys lasting three to four days each in which anuran species were registered through two complementary methods (pitfall traps with drift fences and active search). The species composition analysis revealed that the anuran communities of the Lagamar are structured. Anuran communities from Cananéia and Comprida Island, as well as Pariquera-Açu and Iguape, were more similar regarding species composition. The analysis of molecular diversity patterns of five species shared among the studied areas [Rhinella ornata, Dendrophryniscus leucomystax, Hypsiboas albomarginatus, Scinax sp. 1 (aff. alter), and Haddadus binotatus] revealed different structural patterns and historical scenarios of populations arrangements. Historical mechanisms related to island colonization by some anuran species as well as intrinsic characteristics of these species may account for contemporary patterns of community and population structure. The present study reinforces the importance of interdisciplinary studies for the comprehension of population and community structure and evolution.
Orientador: Célio F.B. Haddad
Coorientador: Cynthia Peralta de Almeida Prado
Banca: Cinthia Aguirre Brasileiro
Banca: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa Feres
Banca: João Miguel de Barros Alexandrino
Banca: Hélio Ricardo da Silva
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Maia, Anamaria Sena. "Estudo do comportamento dos parâmetros de antenas de microfita utilizando diferentes configurações de arranjos de estruturas EBG/PBG." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2016. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/716.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Communication systems it has excelled in the development, social, economic and cultural society. Every time there are new technologies seeking to offer the fastest, easy and reliable access to various communications services. In this context, the microstrip antennas stand out by having compact size and reduced cost. However, it presents some limitations related to narrow bandwidth and low gain. A significant advance to minimize these losses came to the use of structures EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap) and PBG (Photonic Band Gap) in the components of the antennas. This paper proposes the study and analysis of the behavior of microstrip antennas properties designed with EBG/PBG structures in the substrate and the ground plane. So that the structures are arranged just under the patch and are developed with variations in radius, cylinder height and positioning in the ground plane. For the resonance frequency 5.85 GHz, and substrates of different permittivity. In computer modeling was used ANSYS HFFS® software. After analyzing the simulated results seven devices were built, through a vector network analyzer, the measurements of the main parameters were performed. Ultimately simulation are compared and measured values, so that the results presented in most configurations a concord in the pattern of graphics, although the frequency displacement. Also noted that antennas with the EBG/PBG structures presented multiband, enabling the application specific frequency bands as well as, an increase in the value of total gain, bandwidth and reduction of surface currents
Os sistemas de comunicação assumiram papéis fundamentais para o desenvolvimento, social, econômico e cultural na sociedade. A cada momento, surgem novas tecnologias procurando oferecer o acesso mais rápido, fácil e confiável aos diversos serviços de comunicações. Nesse contexto, as antenas de microfita se destacam por possuírem características como, tamanho compacto e custo reduzido. No entanto, apresentam algumas limitações relacionadas a largura de banda estreita e ganho reduzido. Um avanço significativo para minimizar essas perdas, proveio com a utilização de estruturas de bandas proibidas (EBG – Eletromagnetic Band Gap e PBG – Photonic Band Gap) nos componentes das antenas. Este trabalho propõe o estudo e análise do comportamento das propriedades de antenas de microfita projetadas com configurações de estruturas EBG/PBG no substrato e no plano de terra. De modo que as estruturas estão arranjadas apenas sob o patch e, são desenvolvidas com variações no raio, altura do cilindro e posicionamento no plano de terra. Para a frequência de ressonância de 5,85 GHz, e substratos de diferentes permissividades. Na modelagem computacional foi utilizado o software ANSYS HFFS®, e com a análise dos resultados simulados foram fabricados sete dispositivos, onde através de um analisador de redes vetoriais, foram realizadas as medições dos principais parâmetros. Por fim são comparados os valores simulados e medidos, de modo que que os resultados apresentaram na maioria das configurações uma concordância no padrão de seus gráficos, apesar dos deslocamentos de frequência. Também foi observado que as antenas com as estruturas EBG/PBG apresentaram comportamento de multibandas, possibilitando a aplicação em faixas de frequências específicas, assim como, ocorreu um aumento nos valores de ganho total, largura de banda e a redução das correntes de superfície
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Zanetti, Marcelo Callegari. "Sono e atividade física habitual em escolares /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96092.
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Orientador: Afonso Antonio MachadoBanca: Gisele Maria Schwartz
Banca: Fabiana Spina Martinelli
Resumo: Atualmente, nossa sociedade vem sofrendo uma transformação sem precedentes, no qual, a população, de uma maneira geral, tem se deparado com inúmeros distúrbios, sejam eles, de ordem: social, psicológica e biológica. Esses distúrbios têm refletido em uma menor qualidade de vida e saúde de nossa população, bem como, aumento nos níveis de estresse, diminuição na qualidade de sono, entre outros. Por outro lado, o exercício físico, e a Educação Física escolar vem sendo apontados como importantes agentes promotores de saúde. Pensando nisso, procuramos investigar a influência destas atividades, sobre a estrutura do sono de 58 alunas do sexo feminino, com idades entre 11 e 12 anos (l11.47), da cidade de Limeira SP. Para a coleta dos dados foram aplicados três questionários, no qual, o questionário 1, foi composto por perguntas relativas: à estrutura de sono; problemas de saúde; uso de medicamentos; relacionamento familiar e com amigos; hábitos pessoais; entre outros; o questionário 2 (PAQ-C), foi utilizado para medir o nível de atividade física regular e classificar as adolescentes em ativas e sedentárias; o questionário 3, foi estruturado e utilizado para verificar a percepção subjetiva de qualidade de sono. Posteriormente, aplicamos o teste Qui-quadrado para verificar se havia diferença entre as respostas apresentadas pelas alunas ativas e sedentárias para as questões referentes ao questionário 1, e a questão relativa à percepção subjetiva de qualidade de sono (questionário 3). Adicionalmente, empregamos a análise residual nas questões, onde foi encontrada diferença significativa. Este teste foi utilizado para verificar o comportamento das variáveis e categorias, bem como, determinar as variáveis que mais contribuíram para a diferença encontrada. O teste t para amostras independentes foi aplicado para verificar se havia diferença... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Currently, our society has been suffering a transformation without precedents, in which, the population, in a general way, if has come across with innumerable disorders, is they, social, psychological and biological order. These disorders have reflected in a lesser life quality and health of our population, increase in the levels of stress, reduction in the sleep quality, among others. On the other hand, the physical exercise, and the Physical Education in school have been pointed as important promotional agents of health. Thinking about this, we decided to investigate the influence of these activities, on the structure of the sleep of 58 girls, with ages between 11 and 12 years (l11.47), of the city of Limeira - SP. For the collection of the data three questionnaires had been applied, in which, questionnaire 1, were composed for questions about: sleep structure; health problems; medicine use; relationship in the family and with friends; personal habits; among others; questionnaire 2 (PAQ-C), was used to measure the level of regular physical activity and to classify the adolescents in sedentary or active; questionnaire 3, was structuralized and used to verify the subjective perception of the sleep quality. After, we apply the Qui-square test to verify if it had difference between the answers presented for the active and sedentary girls for the referring questions to questionnaire 1, and the relative question to the subjective perception of the sleep quality (questionnaire 3). Additionally, we use the residual analysis in the questions, where difference was found significant. This test was used to verify the behavior of the variable and categories, and to determine the variable that had more contributed for the joined difference. Test t for independent samples was applied to verify if it had difference between the schedule to sleep and to wake up, and the daily averages... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Martel, Véronique. "Sex allocation and mating structure in the egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma (Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae)." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19695.
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Haplodiploid Hymenoptera females control the sex of their progeny, and their sex allocation is influenced by several factors. The impact of intra- and interspecific competition and of inbreeding and outbreeding on sex allocation has been studied in some species of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma. The pre-mating dispersion has also been studied. Impact of competition on sex allocation was observed for Trichogramma minutum Riley and Trichogramma pintoi Voegele. These species were chosen because of the ease with which than can be distinguish. Results show that females of both species lay more males under intraspecific competition than alone, following the Local Mate Competition theory, while only T. pintoi modifies its sex ratio under interspecific competition. Multiparasitism and natural habitat could explain this shift in the sex ratio. Trichogramma minutum, T. pintoi and Trichogramma evanescens Westwood pre-mating dispersion show that most matings occur at the emergence site. However, the three species have a potential for off-patch mating, allowing genetic exchange between sub-populations. These three species were chosen because they are classified in different groups in the genus. Finally, T. evanescens did not modify its sex ratio following inbreeding or outbreeding. The incapacity to discriminate between kin and non-kin, insufficient genetic distance in outbreeding, or the population structure could explain these results.
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Awwad, Shiekh Hasan Bashar. "Adaptive methods exploiting the time structure in EEG for self-paced brain-computer interfaces." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536980.
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Francisco, André Biasin Segalla. "Esparsidade estruturada em reconstrução de fontes de EEG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-13052018-112615/.
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Neuroimagiologia funcional é uma área da neurociência que visa o desenvolvimento de diversas técnicas para mapear a atividade do sistema nervoso e esteve sob constante desenvolvimento durante as últimas décadas devido à sua grande importância para aplicações clínicas e pesquisa. Técnicas usualmente utilizadas, como imagem por ressonância magnética functional (fMRI) e tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET) têm ótima resolução espacial (~ mm), mas uma resolução temporal limitada (~ s), impondo um grande desafio para nossa compreensão a respeito da dinâmica de funções cognitivas mais elevadas, cujas oscilações podem ocorrer em escalas temporais muito mais finas (~ ms). Tal limitação ocorre pelo fato destas técnicas medirem respostas biológicas lentas que são correlacionadas de maneira indireta com a atividade elétrica cerebral. As duas principais técnicas capazes de superar essa limitação são a Eletro- e Magnetoencefalografia (EEG/MEG), que são técnicas não invasivas para medir os campos elétricos e magnéticos no escalpo, respectivamente, gerados pelas fontes elétricas cerebrais. Ambas possuem resolução temporal na ordem de milisegundo, mas tipicalmente uma baixa resolução espacial (~ cm) devido à natureza mal posta do problema inverso eletromagnético. Um imenso esforço vem sendo feito durante as últimas décadas para melhorar suas resoluções espaciais através da incorporação de informação relevante ao problema de outras técnicas de imagens e/ou de vínculos biologicamente inspirados aliados ao desenvolvimento de métodos matemáticos e algoritmos sofisticados. Neste trabalho focaremos em EEG, embora todas técnicas aqui apresentadas possam ser igualmente aplicadas ao MEG devido às suas formas matemáticas idênticas. Em particular, nós exploramos esparsidade como uma importante restrição matemática dentro de uma abordagem Bayesiana chamada Aprendizagem Bayesiana Esparsa (SBL), que permite a obtenção de soluções únicas significativas no problema de reconstrução de fontes. Além disso, investigamos como incorporar diferentes estruturas como graus de liberdade nesta abordagem, que é uma aplicação de esparsidade estruturada e mostramos que é um caminho promisor para melhorar a precisão de reconstrução de fontes em métodos de imagens eletromagnéticos.Functional Neuroimaging is an area of neuroscience which aims at developing several techniques to map the activity of the nervous system and has been under constant development in the last decades due to its high importance in clinical applications and research. Common applied techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have great spatial resolution (~ mm), but a limited temporal resolution (~ s), which poses a great challenge on our understanding of the dynamics of higher cognitive functions, whose oscillations can occur in much finer temporal scales (~ ms). Such limitation occurs because these techniques rely on measurements of slow biological responses which are correlated in a complicated manner to the actual electric activity. The two major candidates that overcome this shortcoming are Electro- and Magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG), which are non-invasive techniques that measure the electric and magnetic fields on the scalp, respectively, generated by the electrical brain sources. Both have millisecond temporal resolution, but typically low spatial resolution (~ cm) due to the highly ill-posed nature of the electromagnetic inverse problem. There has been a huge effort in the last decades to improve their spatial resolution by means of incorporating relevant information to the problem from either other imaging modalities and/or biologically inspired constraints allied with the development of sophisticated mathematical methods and algorithms. In this work we focus on EEG, although all techniques here presented can be equally applied to MEG because of their identical mathematical form. In particular, we explore sparsity as a useful mathematical constraint in a Bayesian framework called Sparse Bayesian Learning (SBL), which enables the achievement of meaningful unique solutions in the source reconstruction problem. Moreover, we investigate how to incorporate different structures as degrees of freedom into this framework, which is an application of structured sparsity and show that it is a promising way to improve the source reconstruction accuracy of electromagnetic imaging methods.
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Souza, Bibiana Monson de. "Estrutura e função de mastoparanos dos venenos de vespas /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100553.
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Orientador: Mario Sergio PalmaBanca: João Ruggiero Neto
Banca: Carlos Henrique Inácio Ramos
Banca: Eduardo Maffud Cilli
Banca: Clovis Ryuchi Nakaie
Resumo: Neste trabalho foram realizados estudos de caracterização estrutural e funcional de alguns peptídeos da classe dos mastoparanos de vespas, que apresentam diferentes padrões de anfipaticidade, em função das diferentes seqüências de aminoácidos que cada um possui. Os peptídeos foram manualmente sintetizados, utilizando-se estratégia Fmoc, e purificados através de técnicas de cromatografia líquida de alta performance. Após a obtenção do material sintético, foram realizadas análises de espectrometria de massas ESI-MS, para monitoração do controle de qualidade. A estrutura secundária foi investigada com o uso de espectroscopia de dicroísmo circular. Além disso, foram realizadas as modelagens moleculares e dinâmica dos peptídeos para análise de suas trajetórias. Foram feitos ensaios para investigar a interação desses peptídeos com membranas fosfolipídicas sintéticas (lipossomos), sendo esta interação, monitorada por medidas de dicroísmo circular e de troca isotópica H/D combinada com espectrometria de massas. Além disto, foram realizados ensaios de atividades biológicas de cada um dos peptídeos, onde foram testadas as atividades de degranulação de mastócitos, hemólise e antibiose. Os dados de Dicroísmo Circular revelaram que todos os peptídeos possuem a tendência de se estruturar em hélice-a quando em ambientes hidrofóbicos, ou em contato com membranas. Além disso, a presença de fosfolipídios ácidos nas membranas aumenta a interação eletrostática destas com peptídeos positivamente carregados. Os estudos de dinâmica molecular em meio aquoso mostraram alta flexibilidade estrutural dos peptídeos e uma variedade de estados conformacionais, em que predominam conformações randômicas, sem, contudo deixar de apresentar alguma porção helicoidal. Além disso, foi mostrado que esses peptídeos possuem caráter anfifílico quando estruturados em hélice
Abstract: The aim of the present investigation was to study the structure/activity relationship of a series of mastoparan-like peptides presenting different patterns of amphipathicit given by their distinct amino acid sequences. The peptides were manually synthesized by using Fmoc strategy and purified under HPLC. The synthetic material homogeneity was analyzed by ESI mass spectrometry and Edman Degradation Chemistry. The secondary structure was investigated through circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. In addiction, the secondary structures were modeled and their structural trajectories observed through Molecular Dynamics. The interaction of peptides with membranes was investigated through the combination of synthetic vesicles with H/D exchange and ESI-mass spectrometry. Some biological activities, like: mast cell degranulation, hemolysis and antibiosis were investigated for all the peptides. The CD spectra revealed that the peptides in presence of hydrophobic environment or in presence of biological membranes have the tendency to form helix conformations. Highly organized structures were not observed in aqueous or buffer solutions, however, the peptides always presented some tendency to form helices. The mastoparans interacts strongly and preferentially with the charged PG headgroups. The positive charges of these peptides enable selective binding to bacterial membranes through electrostatic interactions. The molecular dynamic studies of the peptides in water solvent revealed that all the peptides have high structural flexibility and many conformational states. Probably, these molecules assume different conformational states depending on the environment. In addition, it has been shown that the helical conformation gives the amphipathic feature to these peptides. The insertion and orientation of the mastoparan in the bilayer environment was investigated by H/D exchange, combined with mass spectrometry analysis
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Gomes, Marcilene Cristina. "Estudo teórico das propriedades estruturais e eletrônicas do GaN e do semicondutor magnético Ga1-xMnxN no bulk e na superfície /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106649.
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Orientador: Aguinaldo Robinson de SouzaBanca: Jose Humberto Dias da Silva
Banca: Armando Beltran Flors
Banca: João Batista Lopes Martins
Banca: Nelson Henrique Morgon
Resumo: Este trabalho é resultado de um estudo teórico sobre o GaN e o Semicondutor Magnético Ga1-xMnxN, tanto para bulk (sólido) como para as superfícies nanoestruturadas mais estáveis, dada sua importância para o desenvolvimento como material spintrônico. Analisamos deste material suas propriedades estruturais, energéticas e eletrônicas, a partir de cálculos periódicos baseados na teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT), como o funcional híbrido B3LYP, e também apresentamos resultados preliminares do estudo das propriedades magnéticas deste material. Realizamos um estudo pormenorizado das estruturas de bandas e da densidade de estados, do Ga1-xMnxN bulk (x~0,02 a 0,18) quanto em superfícies (x~0,0 a 0,17) para os modelos de supercélula de 32 e 96 átomos bulk e modelos de superfícies com 12 e 24 camadas. Os resultados obtidos nos mostram que para concentrações acima de 6% ocorre um acréscimo na distância de ligação Mn-N na direção c, pelo fato do Mn apresentar um raio atômico superior ao Ga e propriedades físicas e químicas distintas. Para os cálculos com superfícies, foi realizada a substituição do Ga por Mn em diferentes posições relativas na superfície, sub-superfície e core, ocorrendo o aumento da energia total conforme os átomos de Mn se movem para os sítios mais internos da superfície e ao considerar a forma de equilíbrio baseada na estabilidade termodinâmica, os valores das energias superficiais das superfícies (1010) e (1120) do GaN wurtzita são as mais estáveis para a concentração de ~8%. Com o aumento da concentração, ocorre nas estruturas de bandas uma diminuição do gap, tanto para o bulk quanto para as superfícies, porém ele se mantém direto no bulk, com exceção para concentração de 18% e, na superfície (1010), enquanto que na superfície (1120) o gap é indireto... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work is the result os a theoretical study concerning GaN and the Magnetic Semiconductor Ga1-xMnxN, in both the bulk and the most stable nanoestructured surfaces, due to its importance in the development as spintronic material. We analyze the structural, energetic and electronic properties of this material, by means of periodic calculations based on the Functional Density Theory (DFT), at the hybrid functional B3LYP level, and also present the preliminary results of the study of the magnetic properties of this material. We carried out a detailed study of the band structures and the density of states, for both the Ga1-xMnxN bulk (x~002 a 0,18) and its surfaces (x~0,0 a 0,17) using supercell models constitued by 32 and 96 atoms for the bulk and 12 and 24 atomic layers for the surface slab model. Our results show that for Mn concentrations above 6% there is an increase in the Mn-N bond distance in the c direction, due to the fact that the Mn has an atomic radium greater than that of the Ga and different physical and chemical properties. For the surface calculations, we substituted the Ga for the Mn in different positions relative to the external surface, sub-surface and corre, it was observed that the total energy increased as the Mn atoms moved from the surface layer to the interior sites and when we consider the equilibrium shape based in the thermodynamic stability, the most stable surface energies for the (1010) and (1020) planos of wurtzite GaN are found for the ~8% Mn concentration. When the Mn concentration increases, the band gap decreases for the bulk as well as for the surfaces, the gap being direct for the bulk, except for the 18% concentration, and for the (1010) surface, whereas the gap is found indirect for the (1120) surface for the concentrations 6 and 17%. The analysis of the density... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Suganuma, Cláudia Haru. "Avaliação da diversidade genética de populações de Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887) do Pantanal Matogrossense com o uso de marcadores moleculares do tipo microssatélites /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100242.
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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal ampliar o conhecimento sobre a estrutura genética e obter informações para a conservação de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887), provenientes de populações selvagens dos rios da Bacia do Alto Paraguai. Esta espécie possui grande valor comercial e imenso potencial para exploração em pisciculturas. Os marcadores moleculares do tipo microssatélite utilizados neste estudo, resultaram em muitas informações sobre a estrutura populacional desta espécie, permitindo uma possível caracterização dos bancos genéticos para esta espécie. Exemplares provenientes de nove sub-bacias do Pantanal Matogrossense foram coletados para a realização da extração de DNA visando à análise do material genômico. Para isto, foram retirados pequenos fragmentos de nadadeira de cada indivíduo. A amplificação dos locos microssatélites foi realizada num termociclador de PCR utilizando oligonucleotídeos marcados com fluorescência, conforme descrito na literatura. A genotipagem foi realizada no seqüenciador automático MegaBACETM 1000 (Amersham Biosciences), pertencente ao Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano da Universidade de São Paulo. Os tamanhos dos alelos obtidos foram organizados para a montagem das matrizes de dados que foram submetidas aos programas computacionais para verificar a variabilidade genética nas populações. Os parâmetros que permitiram a determinação da diversidade genética intra e interpopulacional foram o número de alelos por loco, riqueza alélica, heterozigosidade observada e esperada, equilíbrio de Hardy Weinberg, índices Fst e Rst, análise de variância molecular (AMOVA), índice de fixação, desequilíbrio de ligacão e o número de migrantes. Também foi feita uma análise bayesiana para verificar a estrutura populacional e um dendrograma foi gerado a partir da matriz de distância baseada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: This work aimed to obtain information about the genetic structure of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887), from wild populations of Alto Paraguai Basin Rivers. This specie has a greatly commercial importance, with huge potential for hatcheries. The pacu has a wide distribution in the Prata Basin, formed by Paraguay, Paraná and Uruguay rivers and their tributaries Microsatellites markers offer relevant information about this specie, allowing the characterization of genetic stocks. Individuals from nine sampling sites in the Pantanal Matogrossense were analysed in this study. DNA extraction methods did not required killing the samples, we used fin clippings from each individual. The amplification of microsatellites loci was carried out via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide marked with fluorescent labels. The amplified fragments were analysed on the automatic DNA sequencer MegaBACETM 1000 (Amersham Biosciences), belonged to Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano from Universidade de São Paulo. Allele sizes were organized in an input file that was submitted statistical analysis to verify the genetic variability of populations. The parameters used to estimate the genetic diversity intra and interpoulation were number of allele per locus, allele richness, observed and expected heterozygosities, Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, molecular variance analyses (AMOVA), fixation index, linkage disequilibrium and gene flow. Bayesian estimates were used to verify the populacional structure and a dendogram was calculated by the distances matrix based on chord distances values. The results showed no population structuring and intense gene flow. The most probable causes are the hight migratory capacityof this fish and the climatic and geographic characteristics of the Pantanal Matogrossense.
Orientador: Fausto Foresti
Coorientador: Daniela Calcagnotto
Banca: Alexandre Wagner Silva Hilsdorf
Banca: Emiko Kawakami de Resende
Banca: Jeffrey Frederico Lui
Banca: Claudio de Oliveira
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Marqui, Clayton Rodrigo. "Modelagem de estruturas piezelétricas para aplicação em localização de falhas /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94555.
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Orientador: Vicente Lopes JúniorBanca: Amarildo Tabone Paschoalini
Banca: Marcelo Areias Trindade
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o estudo e desenvolvimento de técnicas para o monitoramento da integridade estrutural em sistemas inteligentes com sensores e atuadores piezelétricos acoplados. Os índices de sensibilidade estudados e utilizados no monitoramento da estrutura são: índice de falha métrica, calculado diretamente do sinal de impedância elétrica dos sensores/atuadores piezelétricos; índices do sensor, calculados com as normas de sistemas ou com as matrizes grammiana de observabilidade e os índices de entrada, calculados com as matrizes grammianas de controlabilidade. Tais índices são utilizados para detectar e localizar as falhas em aplicações numéricas e experimentais. As normas de sistemas e as matrizes grammianas de controlabilidade e observabilidade são obtidas através de um modelo numérico, como por exemplo, Método dos Elementos Finitos; ou um modelo identificado experimentalmente, via o método de realização para autossistemas, mais conhecido como ERA (Eigensytem Realization Algorithm). Em uma segunda etapa do procedimento proposto, as falhas são quantificadas utilizando Redes Neurais Artificiais, que foram treinadas com as normas de sistemas e com as matrizes grammianas.
Abstract: This work presents the study and development of Structural Health Monitoring techniques for application in intelligent systems with coupled piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The indices of sensitivity for structural monitoring are based on: root-means-square deviation index, directly calculated from electric impedance signal of the piezoelectric sensors/actuators; sensor indices, calculated from system norms or observability grammian matrix, and input index, calculated from controllability grammian matrix. Such indices are used for damage detection and location in numerical and experimental applications. System norms, controllability and observability grammian matrices are obtained through numerical model, as for instance, Finite Element Method; or by experimental identification technique, via Eigensytem Realization Algorithm (ERA). In the second stage of the proposed procedure, damages were quantified using Artificial Neural Networks, that were trained with systems norms and grammian matrices.
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Nicoleti, Nélio Henrique. "Estrutura eletrônica de materiais orgânicos : moléculas antimalariais de sulfonamidas e anilinoquinolinas /." Bauru : [s.l.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88499.
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Orientador: Francisco Carlos LavardaBanca: Ignez Caracelli
Banca: Alexandre Camilo Júnior
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp
Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos dois grupos de moléculas: as anilinoquinolinas e as sulfonamidas, inibidores do Plasmodium causador da malária, com o objetivo de correlacionar a estrutura eletrônica com a atividade antimalarial. Em nossas buscas utilizamos métodos empíricos e semi-empíricos para o estudo conformacional e obtenção dos descritores eletrônicos. Também aplicamos vários métodos estatísticos como: Regressão Linear Simples e Múltipla, Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) e Análise Discriminante Linear (LDA), para verificar uma possível correlação estrutura-atividade dessas moléculas. Os resultados apontaram os descritores eletrônicos mais relevantes na classificação das moléculas antimalariais.
Abstract: In this work we study two groups of antimalarial compounds: the anilinoquinolines and sulfonamides, aiming the correlation of the electronic structure with the antimalarial activity. In our studies we employ empirical and semi empirical quantum chemistry methods for the geometry optimization and calculation of the electronic descriptors. Also we employed the statistical methods Simple and Multiple Linear Regression, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminating Analysis (LDA), to verify the existence of a possible structure-activity correlation for these compounds. The results of this work have pointed out the best electronic descriptors in the classification of the active compounds.
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Fermino, Fabiana Schumacher. "Avaliação sazonal dos efeitos do enriquecimento por N e P sobre o perifíton em represa tropical rasa mesotrófica (Lago das Ninféias, São Paulo) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100673.
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Orientador: Denise de Campos BicudoBanca: Andréa Tucci
Banca: Liliana Rodrigues
Banca: Raoul Henry
Banca: Orlando Necchi Junior
Resumo: O estudo visou (a) identificar o nutriente limitante ao desenvolvimento do perifiton em escala sazonal no Lago das Ninfeias, (b) avaliar os principais atributos da comunidade indicadores desta limitacao, (c) caracterizar as principais alteracoes estruturais da comunidade de algas perifiticas frente ao enriquecimento artificial por nitrogenio e/ou fosforo e hierarquizar os fatores direcionadores dessas modificacoes. Foram realizados enriquecimentos isolados e combinado por N e P em represa rasa mesotrofica em quatro epocas do ano (primavera, verao, outono e inverno). Quatro tratamentos foram delineados utilizando substrato difusor de nutrientes (copos de poliestireno, preenchidos com solucao Agar e nutrientes . controle: sem adicao de nutrientes; N+: 0,75 M; P+: 0,05 M; NP+: adicao combinada dos dois sais, razao molar N:P = 15). A abertura dos copos foi revestida com malha de 20 um como substrato para o perifiton. Coletas foram realizadas aos 15o, 20o, 25o e 30o dias de colonizacao. A maior variabilidade dos dados limnologicos abioticos foi atribuida ao tipo de tratamento, seguida pela escala anual. A ACP indicou forte associacao entre a adicao de fosforo e, principalmente, adicao combinada com as maiores densidades de algas, clorofila-a e conteudo de fosforo do perifiton. O fosforo foi o nutriente limitante ao longo do ano e, dependendo do atributo, foi considerado como nutriente limitante, limitante primario ou co-limitado pelo nitrogenio. Exceto a massa organica, os demais atributos do perifiton foram bons indicadores da limitacao e a composicao quimica do perifiton foi decisiva na definicao desta limitacao. Foram encontrados 203 taxons, com maior representacao da classe Chlorophyceae. A riqueza especifica variou de 33 a 66 e sofreu maior influencia da epoca do ano
Abstract: Study aimed at (a) identifying the nutrient limitation to the development of algal periphyton in a seasonal scale at the Ninfeias Reservoir; (b) evaluating the main indicator community attributes of nutrient limitation; and (c) characterizing the main structural modifications underwent by the algal periphytic community caused by the artificial enrichment by nitrogen and/or phosphorus, as well as ranking the driven factors responsible for such modifications. Isolate and combined enrichments were carried out in a shallow, mesotrophic reservoir during four occasions (spring, summer, fall, and winter). Four treatments were designed using diffusing substrate (polystyrene vials filled with agar solution and nutrients . control: no nutrient addition; N+: 0.75 M; P+: 0.05 M; NP+: combined addition of N and P, molar ratio N:P = 15). Vial mouth was covered with a 20 um mesh cloth for periphyton colonization. Samplings were performed on the 15th, 20th, 25th, and 30th colonization days. The greatest abiotic limnological data variation was related to the kind of treatment, followed by the annual scale. PCA indicated a strong association between P and mainly combined P and N addition with the highest algal densities, chlorophyll a, and the P periphyton contents. Phosphorus was the limiting nutrient over the year, and depending on the periphyton attribute, it was either the only limiting nutrient, the primary limiting one, or colimited with N. Except for the organic mass, the remaining periphyton attributes were good nutrient limitation indicators, and periphyton chemical composition was conclusive in defining limitation. Two hundred and three taxa were identified, Chlorophyceae being the dominant algal class. Species richness varied from 33 to 66, being influenced mostly by the time of the year
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Maluleke, Vutlhari Absalom. "The effects of boat mooring systems on squid egg beds during squid fishing." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2528.
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Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.In South Africa, squid fishing vessels need to find and then anchor above benthic squid egg beds to effect viable catches. However, waves acting on the vessel produce a dynamic response on the anchor line. These oscillatory motions produce impact forces of the chain striking the seabed. It is hypothesised that this causes damage to the squid egg bed beneath the vessels. Different mooring systems may cause more or less damage and this is what is investigated in this research. The effect of vessel mooring lines impact on the seabed during squid fishing is investigated using a specialised hydrodynamic tool commercial package ANSYS AQWA models. This study analysed the single-point versus the two-point mooring system’s impact on the seabed. The ANSYS AQWA models were developed for both mooring systems under the influence of the wave and current loads using the 14 and 22 m vessels anchored with various chain sizes. The effect of various wave conditions was investigated as well as the analysis of three mooring line configurations. The mooring chain contact pressure on the seabed is investigated beyond what is output from ANSYS AQWA using ABAQUS finite element analysis. The real-world velocity of the mooring chain underwater was obtained using video analysis. The ABAQUS model was built by varying chain sizes at different impact velocities. The impact pressure and force due to this velocity was related to mooring line impact velocity on the seabed in ANSYS AQWA. Results show the maximum impact pressure of 191 MPa when the 20 mm diameter chain impacts the seabed at the velocity of 8 m/s from video analysis. It was found that the mooring chain impact pressure on the seabed increased with an increase in the velocity of impact and chain size. The ANSYS AQWA impact pressure on the seabed was found to be 170.86 MPa at the impact velocity of 6.4 m/s. The two-point mooring system was found to double the seabed mooring chain contact length compared to the single-point mooring system. Both mooring systems showed that the 14 m vessel mooring line causes the least seabed footprint compared to the 22 m vessel.
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Saleh, Gameel [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Solbach, and Daniel [Akademischer Betreuer] Erni. "High Impedance Surface – Electromagnetic Band Gap (HIS-EBG) Structures for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Applications / Gameel Saleh. Gutachter: Daniel Erni. Betreuer: Klaus Solbach." Duisburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/104601157X/34.
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Carrera, Fernando Henrique. "Estudo numérico para a determinação das pressões devidas a ação do vento em torres metálicas de seção circular /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91496.
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Orientador: Renato Bertolino JúniorBanca: Haroldo de Mayo Bernardes
Banca: João Alberto Venegas Requena
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo obter numericamente os valores das distribuições de pressões devidas a ação do vento e seus respectivos coeficientes de pressões de formas externos em torres de seção circular. As distribuições de pressões nas torres são determinadas através da simulação numérica, utilizando-se o programa ANSYS 9.0, considerando-se a interação fluido-estrutura. Para a simulação numérica, a geometria da torre foi modelada tridimensionalmente, considerando como fluido o ar no qual a edificação está inserida. As distribuições de pressão foram determinadas para relações geométricas em planta da torre, entre a altura e o diâmetro (h/d), para valores menores ou iguais a 10. Posteriormente, comparam-se os resultados numéricos obtidos na simulação através do ANSYS com os valores apresentados pela norma NBR-6123:1988, a fim de verificar a viabilidade da utilização da simulação numérica na obtenção das distribuições de pressão em outras estruturas.
Abstract: The present work has for objective to obtain the distributions pressures values the wind actions in tower with circular section. The values of the distributions pressures are obtained to the numeric simulation, using the ANSYS 9.0 software and considering the flow structure interaction. In the numeric simulation, the tower geometry was considered in 3D dimension, and the flowed it is the air. The distributions pressures were certain for geometry relationships between the height and the diameter (h/d), for values smaller or equal than 10. Later, the ANSYS numeric results are compared with the presents values by the NBR 6123:1998, in order to verify the viability numeric simulation used for obtaining the pressures distributions in other structures.
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Nogueira, Geison Morel. "Caracterização ultrassonográfica das estruturas flexoras músculo-tendíneas e ligamentares da porção distal dos membros de bovinos /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89088.
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Resumo: A claudicação em bovinos é uma importante causa de diminuição da produção e abate precoce, sendo predominantemente de origem digital. A base para avaliação de alterações ortopédicas em bovinos reside no conhecimento anatômico e nos aspectos radiográficos e ultrassonográficos da área acometida. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de caracterizar, por meio da ultrassonografia, as estruturas flexoras da porção distal dos membros de bovinos. Para este estudo foram utilizadas peças anatômicas da porção distal dos membros torácicos e pélvicos provenientes de 20 novilhas mestiças da raça Nelore, com idades entre 24 e 36 meses. Para análise ultrassonográfica foram estabelecidas cinco zonas de avaliação no plano transversal, denominadas, respectivamente, de zonas A, B, C, D e E, e duas em plano sagital, F-III e F-IV. Na face flexora foram avaliados os tendões flexores digitais superficial e profundo, o músculo interósseo,o ligamento acessório do tendão flexor digital profundo e a manica flexoria, quanto à forma, limites, posição, ecogenicidade e mensurações das áreas transversais em cm2, sendo os resultados apresentados na forma descritiva e em tabelas. Com este trabalho foi possível a caracterização das estruturas flexoras, identificando e determinando planos ultrassonográficos apropriados para a observação de imagens adequadas destes tecidos, além da obtenção de valores e parâmetros que possam ser utilizados como referência para esta espécie, ampliando conhecimentos já descritos na literaturaAbstract: Lameness in cattle is a major cause of reduced production and premature culling, predominantly digital home. The basis for evaluation of orthopedic changes in cattle lies in the anatomic and radiographic and ultrasonographic aspects of the affected area. This work was carried out to characterize, by means of ultrasound, the structures of the distal flexor members of cattle. For this study we used anatomical specimens of the distal portion of the thoracic and pelvic limbs from 20 crossbred Nelore, aged between 24 and 36 months. For ultrasound examination were established five areas of assessment in the transverse plane, called, respectively, in zones A, B, C, D and E, and two in the sagittal plane, F-III and F-IV. On the face of the flexor tendons were assessed superficial and deep digital flexor, interosseous muscle, ligament tendon and deep digital flexor of shape, manica flexoria, boundaries, location, echogenicity and crosscutting areas in cm2, and the results were presented as descriptive and tables. This work was possible to characterize the structures flexor, identifying and determining appropriate plans for the sonographic observation of appropriate images of these tissues, in addition to obtaining values and parameters that can be used as reference for this species, increasing knowledge described in the literature
Orientador: José Wanderley Cattelan
Coorientador: Julio Carlos Canola
Banca: Paola Castro Moraes
Banca: Wanderson Adriano Biscola Pereira
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Cavalcante, Matuzalem Bezerra. "Mudanças da estrutura fundiária de Mato Grosso (1992-2007) /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96679.
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Orientador: Bernardo Mançano FernandesBanca: Júlio César Suzuki
Banca: Clifford Adrew Welch
Resumo: Este trabalho faz parte do processo de qualificação da categoria Estrutura Fundiária do DATALUTA - Banco de Dados da Luta pela Terra. Com ele, tivemos o intuito de analisar os impactos socioterritoriais que ocasionaram as mudanças da estrutura fundiária de Mato Grosso, de 1992 a 2008. Tal esforço se justifica pelo fato de, entre 1992 a 2003, Mato Grosso liderar o ranking dos Estados que mais expandiram suas áreas agricultáveis, segundo os dados do SNCR/Incra, com 24.699.465,20 hectares. O desenvolvimento desse trabalho contou, num primeiro momento, com a localização das áreas com maior expansão e a extensão média das propriedades. Num segundo momento fizemos um cruzamento dos dados da estrutura fundiária e do uso do solo, em escala microrregional. O terceiro momento contou com o levantamento e o estudo das áreas de maior concentração através de trabalhos jornalísticos e científicos publicados no período estudado, bem como por meio de home pages de órgãos governamentais e não governamentais de escalas municipal, estadual e federal. No quarto momento nos firmamos no esforço de abstrair a realidade de maneira a entendermos a realidade e suas contradições. Através do cruzamento dos dados da estrutura fundiária e uso do solo, identificamos que nas áreas onde ocorre maior expansão coincidem com as regiões onde o circuito do agronegócio da soja se territorializa ou com áreas de fronteira agropecuária onde a dinâmica da soja ainda não está presente. Através dos resultados que encontramos, "criamos" a hipótese que a instalação de grandes empresas agrícolas, agroindustriais e de transporte, assim como os diversos investimentos em infra-estrutura são fortes mecanismos impulsionadores da expansão de áreas agriculturáveis na ótica do capital... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work is part of the qualification process of the land tenure structure categories of DATALUTA - the Struggle for Land Database. Using this database, we analyzed the socio-territorial factors that resulted in changes in the land tenure structure of Mato Grosso from 1992 to 2008. Such effort is justified by the fact that between 1992 and 2003, Mato Grosso led the ranking of states that had the greatest expansion of agricultural areas, with 24,699,465.20 hectares, based on data from SNCR/Incra. The development of this work depended, in the initial stage, on the identification of areas of greatest expansion along with the average extension of these properties. In the second stage, we compared land tenure structure data with land use at the micro-regional scale. The third stage depended on the study of heavily-concentrated areas through a review of newspapers and scientific publications from the study period, along with the home pages of governmental and non-governmental organizations at municipal, state, and federal scales. In the fourth stage, we made an effort to abstract from reality in way that allowed us to understand this reality and its contradictions. Through the comparison of land tenure and land use data, we found that the areas of highest agricultural expansion coincide with regions where the soy agribusiness circuit is established or with agricultural frontier areas where the dynamic of soy is not yet present... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Nicoleti, Nélio Henrique. "Modelagem computacional de óxidos da família das perovskitas /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106655.
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Orientador: Júlio Ricardo SambranoBanca: Elson Longo da Silva
Banca: Maria Aparecida Z. Bertochi
Banca: Rogério Custódio
Banca: Sergio Ricardo de Lazaro
O programa de Pós graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais PosMat, tem carater institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da UNESP
Resumo: Neste trabalho, aplicamos cálculos mecânicos-quânticos em sistemas periódicos utilizando a Teoria Funcional da Densidade (DFT) na descrição das propriedades estruturais e eletrônicas de óxidos metálicos tipo perovskitas: PbTiO3, PbZr0.5Ti05O3, PbZrO3 e LaAl0.75Mg0.25O2.875. Este estudo possibilitou a identificação dos átomos que mais contribuem para a estrutura de bandas e também as energias na região entre a banda de valência e a banda de condução (band gap). Além de permitir a identificação de possíveis transições de fase no PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3 e do mecanismo de condução iônica na LaAl0.75Mg0.25O2.875. Os resultados são comparados com dados experimentais disponíveis na literatura e discutidos em termos da densidade de estados (DOS), estruturas de banda (EB), densidade de carga e parâmetros estruturais
Abstract: In this work, we apply quantum-mechanical calculations in periodic system, using the Density Functional Theory (DFT), to the description of structural and eletronic properties of metal oxides type perovskites: PbTiO3, PbZr0.5Ti05O3, PbZrO3 e LaAl0.75Mg0.25O2.875. This study enabled the identification of the atoms that contribute most to the structure bands and also the energies in the region between the valence band and the conduction band (band gap). Allowing the identification of possible phase transitions in PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3 and the mechanism of ion conduction in LaAl0.75Mg0.25O2.875. The results are compared with experimental data available in literature and discussed in terms of density of states (DOS), band structures (EB), charge density and structural parameter
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Murray, David S. "The role of physical structure and micronutrient provisioning in determining egg quality and performance in fish." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3563/.
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This thesis examined novel and previously utilised parameters of egg quality to determine and define reproductive success in farmed and wild salmonids. The effect of holding environment and inter-female variation on salmonid egg quality was also examined. Furthermore, two nutritional feed trials were undertaken to investigate whether organic Se, supplemented into salmonids broodstock diets, was vertically transferred to their eggs and what affect this dietary supplementation had on egg quality. Finally, the possibility that morphological and biochemical adaptations are present on the chorion of eggs from European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) was investigated in a resident Scottish population. Chapter 2 examined methods to determine egg quality using eggs from a single population of brown trout (Salmo trutta). Egg survival, provided a biologically relevant definition for egg quality, which was used throughout this study to assess the importance of selected egg quality parameters. Based on a review of the literature and the relationship between parameters of egg quality and egg survival rates, three determinants of egg quality were chosen for further examination. These were chorion breaking strength, elemental concentrations within the egg and the protein profile of the chorion. Brown trout broodstock from a single population were separated prior to spawning and exposed to two different holding units, ‘Ae system’ or ‘S.C.E.N.E. system’ at two sites. Eggs were stripped from females and 13 determinants of egg quality collected, analysed individually, combined by principle components analysis into an integrated egg quality score which was validated against egg survival. The multivariate egg quality score differed significantly between fish held in the Ae and S.C.E.N.E. systems. Egg survival, chorion breaking strength and Se chorion concentrations were higher in eggs produced by broodstock held in the S.C.E.N.E. system compared to those in the Ae system. Alternatively, chorion concentrations of P and K were higher in eggs from fish held in the raceway system. This data highlights the complex interactions between the holding environment and pre-ovulating fish and resultant egg quality. The variation in egg survival in individual Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in the same environment was assessed and used to examine the suitability of chorion measurements as parameters of egg quality. There was a significant difference in the egg survival rates between individual salmon. Results also show that there was also variation in egg survival, chorion breaking strength, chorion elemental concentrations and chorion protein concentrations and profiles between individual Atlantic salmon. Subsequent analysis of the data showed that there was no difference in these egg quality parameters between high and low egg survival rates. Furthermore, there was no correlation between egg survival and the chorion quality parameters recorded during this study. The results show that individual variation between fish is an important factor affecting egg quality. Broodstock Atlantic salmon were fed a standard commercial diet, with or without the addition of a supplemented nutritional mix, which included 0.5mg/kg of Sel-plex (organic Se). The Se content of the eggs and livers of each fish were assessed as was egg survival rates and proteomic analysis of the egg chorion. Concentrations of Se in the eggs of the individuals fed the supplemented diet were significantly higher than those fed the non-supplemented diet. However, the egg survival rate was also significantly lower in the supplemented group of fish. The assessment of the chorion protein profile and its proteomic structure was inconclusive. These results support the hypothesis that dietary selenium is vertically transferred to immature eggs during oocyte development. The lack of a linear relationship between Se egg concentrations and egg survival suggests that the lower survival rates of eggs from broodstock fed the supplemented diet in this trial was due to another nutritional component of the diet rather than the Se. Selenium enriched eggs from Atlantic salmon fed a supplemented diet and eggs from conspecifics fed a non-supplemented diet were tested for their ability to resist infection by Saprolegnia under incubation conditions similar to those used by the aquaculture industry. There was no significant difference in the presence/absence of infection, infection rate or survival between eggs produced by Atlantic salmon fed the supplemented and non-supplemented diet. Therefore, it was concluded that supplementation of broodstock diet does not alter the resistance of eggs to Saprolegnia. The presence of adhesive mechanisms on the surface of European whitefish eggs was examined from a population found within Loch Eck, Scotland. European whitefish eggs remain non-adhesive in a solution chemically similar to ovarian fluid, but become adhesive seconds after contact with water. Examination of the ultrastructure of the chorion showed that the morphology altered significantly after contact with water with nodule-like protuberances attached to connective filaments on the surface, present in water hardened but not non-water hardened eggs. Biochemical analysis also showed the presence of Chain A, RNase ZF-3e in the chorion of water hardened but not non water hardened eggs. Histochemical staining of the chorion showed that the externa, but not the interna stained positively for the presence of glycoproteins. Egg adhesive mechanisms allow European whitefish eggs to remain in optimal spawning grounds where factors such as mechanical damage, predation, desiccation and hypoxia are minimised.
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Pontes, Debora da Silva Lima. "Preparação e caracterização de filmes finos do tipo 'Pb IND. 1-x-yCa IND. xSr IND.yTiO IND. 3' /." Bauru : [s.n], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88478.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Elson Longo da SilvaBanca: Sonia Maria Zanetti
Banca: Alberthmeiry Teixeira Figueiredo
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp
Resumo: Neste trabalho de dissertação de mestrado foram preparadas amostras do sistema 'Pb IND. 1-x-yCa IND. xSr IND.yTiO IND. 3' (PCST) com x = 0.05, 0,15, 0,35 e y = 0,05, 0.15, 0,35, utilizando-se o método dos precursores poliméricos e, a partir desse material, produzir amostras cerâmicas e filmes finos nanoestruturados e caracterizar suas propriedades estruturais, microestruturais e elétricas. A caracterização estrutural foi realizada utilizando as técnicas de difração de raios X, espectroscopia Raman e espectroscopia na região do infravermelho. Os filmes finos foram preparados pela técnica "spin-coating" sobre substrato de 'Si/SiO IND. 2/Ti/Pt'. A temperatura de cristalização foi de 600ºC. A cristalização de todos os filmes finos e pó apresentaram estrutura do tipo perovisquita sem a presença de uma segunda fase. Foi possível obter com sucesso um sistema complexo de incorporação de dois diferentes íons '(Ca POT. 2+ e Sr POT. 2+)' no sitio A, em substituição aos íons 'Pb POT. 2+' para o sistema 'Pb IND. 1-x-yCa IND. xSr IND.yTiO IND. 3' na forma de filme fino e pó, sem a separação de fases tais como 'PbTiO IND. 3, CaTiO IND. 3, SrTiO IND. 3', ou até mesmo fase complexas como '(Pb,Sr)TiO IND. 3' ou '(Pb,Ca)TiO IND. 3'. Os sítios A localizam-se dentro de um dodecaedro '(AO IND. 12)' de doze oxigênios enquanto o sitio B no interior de um octaedro regular '(BO IND.6)' constituído de oito oxigênios. Portanto, as distorções ocorridas nestas estruturas produzem importantes mudanças e surgimento de novas propriedades elétricas que encadeiam grande interesse tecnológico e cientifico. As propriedades ferroelétricas foram fortemente influenciadas pela presença desses dois íons '(Ca POT. 2+ e Sr POT. 2+)' em substituição aos íons 'Pb POT. 2+'. Levando o sistema a uma completa ausência de natureza ferroelétrica a temperatura ambiente.
Abstract: On this master's degree dissertation samples of the system 'Pb IND. 1-x-yCa IND. xSr IND.yTiO IND. 3' (PCST) with x = 0.05, 0.15, 0.35 and y = 0.05, 0.15, 0.35 were prepared through the polymeric precursors method. From this material, ceramic samples and thin films were produced and their structure, microstructure and electrical properties were assessed. The structural characterization was done using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and spectroscopy techniques on the infrared region. The films were prepared through the spin-coating technique on 'Si/SiO IND. 2/Ti/Pt' substrate and its crystallization temperature was 600ºC. All thin films and powder showed structure like perovskite without a second phase. A complex incorporation system of two different ions '(Ca POT. 2+ e Sr POT. 2+)' at site A was successfully achieved, replacing the 'Pb POT. 2+' ions on the 'Pb IND. 1-x-yCa IND. xSr IND.yTiO IND. 3' system as thin film and powder with no partition of phases such as 'PbTiO IND. 3, CaTiO IND. 3, SrTiO IND. 3', or even more complex ones as '(Pb,Sr)TiO IND. 3' or '(Pb,Ca)TiO IND. 3'. The sites A were found in a '(AO IND. 12)' dodecahedron of twelve oxygens, and the site B was discovered in a regular octahedron formed by eight oxygens. Therefore the distortions on these structures triggered relevant changes and new electrical properties which promote great technological and scientific interest. It is noteworthy that the ferroelectric properties were heavily influenced by the presence of these two ions '(Ca POT. 2+ e Sr POT. 2+)' replacing the 'Pb POT. 2+' ions, leading the system to an absolute absence of ferroelectric nature at room temperature.
Mestre
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Marcondelli, Ana Carolina Buzzo. "Estrutura de uma comunidade arbórea de floresta estacional semidecídua não pertubada no noroeste paulista em relação à outra comunidade com indicadores de perturbação /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88117.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Osmar CavassanBanca: Andréia Alves Rezende
Banca: Maria Teresa Zugliani Toniato
Resumo: A Floresta Estacional Semidecídua, mais significativa no noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, está representada apenas por fragmentos remanescentes da cobertura vegetal original, pelo fato desta formação ocorrer sobre solos mais férteis, propícios para a agricultura e a agropecuária. Perturbações alteram a diversidade interferindo na estrutura e composição da comunidade. No entanto, faltam indicadores seguros das características de fragmentos em diferentes estádios de preservação, principalmente em processos de diagnósticos visando proteção, manejo ou recuperação. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo buscar diferenças tanto florísticas quanto estruturais em dois fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Semidecídua, um com indicadores de perturbação (localizado em União Paulista, SP) e outro não perturbado (localizado em Matão, SP), apresentando, desta forma, um conjunto de características que permitam diagnosticar fragmentos de vegetação em diferentes estádios de preservação. Foram amostrados indivíduos arbóreos com DAP ≥ 5 cm, através do método de parcelas (1ha) e calculados os valores de freqüência, densidade e dominância (absolutos e relativos), índice de valor de importância (IVI), os índices de Shannon-Wiener (H') e Equabilidade (J') e de similaridade de Jaccard e Bray-Curtis. Para análise da regeneração da floresta, foi calculado o quociente "q" de Liocourt para a comunidade e para as espécies mais abundantes. Para o levantamento florístico, em Matão foram identificadas 142 e as famílias mais ricas em espécies foram Fabaceae (32), Myrtaceae (12), Rubiaceae (9), Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae (7), Euphorbiaceae (6) e Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Boraginaceae (5). Em União Paulista foram identificadas 83 espécies e as famílias mais ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The semi-deciduous seasonal forest in the northwestern of Sao Paulo is represented only by fragments, which remains from the original vegetation due to the suitability of its fertile soil for agriculture and farming. Disturbances change the diversity by interfering on the structure and composition of the community. However, there is lack of reliable indicators for the fragments characterization in different stages of preservation, especially related to diagnostic procedures for protection, management and recovery. The present study aimed to find differences in both floristic and structure for two fragments of semideciduous forest, one with an indicator of disturbance (located in the União Paulista, SP) and one undisturbed (located in Matão, SP). We could create a set of features that allow diagnosing vegetation fragments in different stages of preservation. Individuals with DBH ≥ 5 cm were sampled using the method of plots (1 ha). The values of frequency, density and dominance (absolute and relative), index of importance value (IVI), the Shannon-Wiener diversity (H '), equitability (J') and similarity of Jaccard and Bray-Curtis were calculated. For the analysis of forest regeneration, we calculated the ratio "q" of Liocourt to the community and for the most abundant species. Were identified 142 species in Matão and the richest families were Fabaceae (32), Myrtaceae (12), Rubiaceae (9), Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae (7), Euphorbiaceae (6) and Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Boraginaceae (5). Related to fitosociology, the species with highest IVI were Metrodorea nigra, Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon, Eugenia blastantha, Diatenopteryx sorbifolia, Rudgea jasminoides, Actinostemon concepcioni, Acacia polyphylla, Machaerium stipitatum, Trichilia catigua and Patagonula americana, with H'= 3,03 and J'= 0,64. For União Paulista ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Muñoz, Gutiérrez Mario Esteban. "Evolução do processo de espermiação em machos de Piau, Leporinus macrocephalus, hormonalmente induzidos à reprodução /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86679.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo: As espécies reofílicas apresentam, de modo geral, suas gônadas desenvolvidas até estágios avançados de maturação, porém as etapas finais do processo reprodutivo, tais como, a maturação final dos ovócitos, a ovulação, a desova e a liberação de sêmen, somente são atingidas mediante tratamentos hormonais. No entanto, a reprodução induzida de Leporinus macrocephalus apresenta algumas particularidades. Mesmo com a aplicação de duas doses de hormônio, os machos de L. macrocephalus geralmente liberam uma quantidade muito reduzida de sêmen, que freqüentemente é insuficiente para os procedimentos de reprodução induzida. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a evolução do processo de espermiação em reprodutores machos de L. macrocephalus, submetidos a tratamento hormonal. Para tanto, foram realizados estudos histológicos da estrutura testicular e da via seminífera, com inclusão de tecidos em historesina e coloração com azul de Toluidina. Estudos ultraestruturais das células germinativas foram realizados com processamento do material para rotina de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Análise da via seminífera foi também realizada com a injeção de acetato de vinila nos ductos testiculares e posterior análise em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Para análise do epitélio germinativo ao longo do processo de indução hormonal, as preparações histológicas foram destinadas para estudos morfométricos, com utilização de sistema de análise de imagens. Após o tratamento hormonal foram realizadas análises seminais para verificação do volume total de sêmen liberado, concentração espermática, tempo de ativação e sobrevivência dos espermatozóides. Os estudos morfológicos evidenciaram que a estrutura testicular de L. macrocephalus é do tipo tubular anastomosado, espermatogonial irrestrito com espermatogênese do tipo cística... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: Rheophilic species present, in general, their gonads developed to advanced stages of maturation, but the final stages of the reproductive process, such as the final maturation of oocytes, ovulation, spawning, and release of semen, are only achieved with hormonal treatments. However, the induced breeding of Leporinus macrocephalus has some peculiarities. Even with the application of two doses of hormone, males of L. macrocephalus usually release reduced semen, which is often insufficient for procedures of induced spawning. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the progress of spermiation in males broodstocks of L. macrocephalus, undergoing hormonal treatment. For this, were performed histological studies of testicular structure and the seminal pathway with tissue inclusion into historesin and staining with toluidine blue. Ultrastructural studies of the stems cells were performed with material processing for routine of transmission electron microscopy. Analyses of seminal pathway were performed with the injection of vinyl acetate in the testicular ducts and subsequent analysis of scanning electron microscopy. For analysis of the germinal epithelium throughout the hormonal induction process, the histological preparations were destined for morphometric studies using an image analysis system. After hormone treatment seminal analysis was performed to verify the volume total release of semen, sperm concentration, time activation and survival of spermatozoa. Morphological studies evidence that the testicular structure of L. macrocephalus is anastomosed tubular type, espermatogonial unrestricted with a spermatogenesis of cystic type. The seminal pathway of this species comprises the seminiferous tubules anastomosing, the main testicular duct and spermatic duct. The histologic and ultrastructural studies showed that the connection of the seminiferous tubules occurs in different segments... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Carlos Alberto Vicentini
Coorientador: Sérgio Ricardo Batlouni
Banca: Luciene Patrici Papa
Banca: João Paulo Mardegan Issa
Mestre
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Ramos, Wiliam César. "Um roteiro para a escrita de abstracts de artigos de pesquisa : estrutura retórica e técnicas de argumentação /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100270.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Antônio Suárez AbreuBanca: Albano Dalla Pria
Banca: Eliana Izabel Scurciatto
Banca: Solange Aranha
Banca: Terezinha Fortes Mestrinelli
Resumo: A publicação de artigos em revistas científicas é fundamental para o pesquisador validar sua qualidade de membro da comunidade científica a que pertence. Publicar em revistas de prestígio requer de seus autores conhecimento não apenas das normas de apresentação e temas aceitos pela revista, mas, principalmente, dos padrões discursivos e léxico-gramaticais identificáveis nos gêneros produzidos pela comunidade científica à qual se dirigem. No entanto, para ser publicado, o artigo passa por um rigoroso processo de triagem em função da grande quantidade de trabalhos submetidos. O primeiro critério de seleção é a qualidade do abstract, gênero que tem a função de apresentar sucintamente o artigo que representa, dando-lhe visibilidade perante o comitê editorial. Entretanto, uma vez publicado, o artigo de pesquisa compete com tantos outros para ser lido e possivelmente citado em novos trabalhos, passando, novamente, por um processo de seleção através do abstract que, desta vez, é analisado pelos pesquisadores que buscam trabalhos que tragam contribuições. Assim, em função da relevância desse gênero na promoção do artigo de pesquisa, visando à sua publicação junto a revistas de prestígio e à sua leitura por outros pesquisadores, a presente tese de doutorado propõe um roteiro de escrita que auxilie o pesquisador na produção de abstracts de artigo de pesquisa. Tendo em vista que um abstract eficiente deve refletir as convenções nos planos retórico, argumentativo e léxico-gramatical da comunidade científica à qual se dirige, este trabalho abarca os domínios do gênero e da argumentação. No domínio do gênero, abordamos os conceitos de comunidade discursiva e gênero acadêmico de Swales (1990, 1992, 1998), analisamos a estrutura retórica de 150 abstracts (Biologia Celular, Medicina, Direito, Educação, Física, Matemática) e levantamos os expedientes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Getting published is the researcher's most important step toward being recognized as a legitimate member of his scientific community. Succeeding in getting research articles published in accredited scientific journals requires from the authors knowledge about the requirements for manuscripts, the themes covered and the discursive and lexical-grammatical patterns which can be identified in the various genres produced by the scientific communities they address. Nevertheless, the paper has to go through a two-stage analysis by the journal's editorial committee before being published due to the large number of manuscripts submitted. In the first stage, what is examined is the abstract, genre whose purpose is to present the article briefly but in a way in which it gains visibility before the editorial board. If it is well written and appeals to the examiners, the analysis progresses to the next stage where the article itself will be analyzed to be approved for publication. However, once it is published, the article competes with so many others to be read and cited in other papers. Then it is scrutinized again through the abstract, but this time by other researchers who are interested in its contributions. Thus, due to the central role the abstract plays in persuading the editorial board to select the article for further assessment toward its acceptance for publication, and other researchers to read it, here we devise a plan for research article abstract writing. Since an effective abstract must reflect the rhetorical, argumentative and lexical-grammatical conventions of the scientific community it addresses, this PhD thesis encompasses two domains: genre and argumentation. In the domain of genre, we discuss the concepts of discourse community and genre (SWALES, 1990, 1992, 1998), analyze the rhetorical structure of 150 abstracts... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Gabriel, Vagner de Araújo. "Comunidades de aves em um mosaico de Eucalyptus em Rio Claro, São Paulo /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106544.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Marco Aurélio Pizo FerreiraBanca: Alexsander Zamorano Antunes
Banca: Augusto João Piratelli
Banca: José Ragusa Netto
Banca: Mauro Galetti Rodrigues
Resumo: A expansão de plantações florestais tem sido intensificada nos últimos anos, ultrapassando 70.000.000 ha nos trópicos. Eucalyptus é o principal gênero plantado, ocupando 50% das áreas silviculturais. Monoculturas arbóreas e fragmentos de vegetação secundária figurarão entre os principais elementos das paisagens tropicais futuras. Logo, compreender como diversas espécies se comportam diante dessa situação é fundamental quando se objetiva a conservação da biodiversidade. Este trabalho estudou a avifauna em um mosaico composto por talhões de Eucalyptus spp. e alguns de vegetação nativa na Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (Rio Claro, SP). Esses talhões possuíam diferentes idades (plantados de 1934 a 1990), extensões (~1-51 ha) e graus de regeneração de vegetação nativa. Os principais objetivos foram caracterizar a avifauna encontrada nesses talhões quanto à riqueza, abundância e composição e compará-las, verificando possíveis associações com a estrutura da vegetação (riqueza, altura, área basal, densidade de plantas, densidade de plantas mortas, cobertura do dossel e densidade vertical nos estratos de 0,0 a 1,0, de 1,1 a 2,0 e de 2,1 a 5,0 m). Para a amostragem de aves foi empregado o método de pontos. No primeiro capítulo, foram amostrados 14 talhões de E. citriodora. Foram registradas 103 espécies de aves, variando de 23 a 55 por talhão. Myiodynastes maculatus, Cyclarhis gujanensis, Amazilia lactea e Megarynchus pitangua mostraram maior plasticidade ambiental, não revelando fortes associações com as variáveis da vegetação. A abundância total foi maior em talhões que apresentavam vegetação mais desenvolvida. Talhões com maior complexidade da vegetação apresentaram maior riqueza e abundância de espécies insetívoras e de dependentes de florestas. A distância entre os talhões de E. citriodora e de vegetação nativa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The expansion of planted forests is surprisingly fast in the last years, exceeding 70.000.000 ha in the tropics, 50% of which are composed of Eucalyptus spp.. Planted and secondary forests are likely to be dominant features of tropical forest landscapes in the future. Therefore, to understand the use of different species in this situation in basic to the biological conservation. This work investigated the avifauna at a mosaic of Eucalyptus spp. patches in the State Forest Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (Rio Claro, Sâo Paulo, Brazil). These patches (~1-51 ha) were created in different years (1994-1990), presenting different levels of regeneration of the native vegetation. The principal aims were to evaluate the richness, abundance and composition of the bird community associating these parameters to the structure of the vegetation (richness, height, basal area, plant density, dead plant density, canopy cover and vertical density from 0,0 to 1,0, from 1,1 to 2,0 and form 2,1 to 5,0 m). The avifauna was sampled with point counts. In the first chapter, 14 patches of E. citrioddora were studied. It was recorded 103 species, from 23 to 55 per patch. Myiodynastes maculatus, Cyclarhis gujanensis, Amazilia lactea and Megarynchus pitangua were the most habitat generalist species. These species were not associated to any vegetation parameter. The abundance was greater in patches with more developed vegetation. Patches with high vegetation complexity had greater richness and abundance of insectivorous and forest dependent species. The distance between E. citriodora and native vegetation patches influenced negatively the richness and abundance of forest dependent species. In chapter 2, in addition to the 14 E. citriodora patches, four E. microcorys and three native vegetation patches were included in the analyses. It was recorded 115 species. On average, there were 47, 35 and 24 species in the patches... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Mantellatto, Aline Meira Bonfim. "Estrutura social em fêmeas de veado-campeiro (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) no pantanal /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92615.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo: O veado-campeiro (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) é uma das oito espécies de cervídeos reconhecidas no Brasil. Efeitos das atividades de caça, introdução de animais domésticos, destruição, fragmentação e alteração na qualidade do habitat são causas potenciais de ameaças às populações dessa espécie, sendo que a população existente no Pantanal é a mais significativa da espécie. Estudos a respeito da estrutura social do veado-campeiro são escassos e, além disso, a literatura apresenta questões controversas e outras em aberto. Dentro desse contexto, o presente projeto de pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a estrutura social da população de veadoscampeiro na região central do Pantanal (MS, Brasil). Para tanto, 12 fêmeas foram marcadas com radiotransmissores, e utilizadas como animal focal para a observação da constituição de seus grupos. Amostras de fezes de integrantes do grupo dessas fêmeas foram coletadas mensalmente durante o período de 1 ano. O DNA das amostras de fezes foi extraído e amplificado por meio de iniciadores para seis regiões microssatélites. As análises permitiram acessar o nível de proximidade genética entre os animais que formavam cada grupo, sendo que o grau de parentesco foi significativo entre quatro fêmeas marcadas e seu respectivo grupo, devido, principalmente, a permanência de seus filhotes até o nascimento de um novo indivíduo em seu agrupamento. Para as demais fêmeas e análises realizadas, foi verificado que o grau de parentesco entre os animais não foi significativo. Esse fato contribui com a manutenção da diversidade genética da população, sendo que, a conservação do ambiente no qual estes animais estão inseridos é uma premissa para que o comportamento social dessa espécie se mantenha ao longo dos anosAbstract: The pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) is onde of eight recognized species of deer in Brazil. Effects of hunting, introduction of livestock, destruction, fragmentation and change in habitat quality are potential causes of threats to populations of this species, and the existing population in the Pantanal is the most significant in our country. Studies on the structure social pampas deer are scarce and, moreover, the literature presents controversial issues and other open. Within this context, this research project aimed at analyzing the social structure of population of pampas deer in the central region of the Pantanal (MS, Brazil). To this end, 12 females were marked with radio tranmitters, and used as focal animal for observation of the groups. Stool samples from members of 11 groups were collected monthly during period of one yaer. The DNA from stool samples was extracted and amplified using primers for six microsatellite regions. The analysis allows to access the level of genetic proximity between the animals that made up each group, and the degree of kinship was significant in four marked females and their respective group, due to mainly stay in their young until the birth of a new individual in their group. For the other females and analyzes it was found that the degree of relatedness among the animals was not significant. This contributes to maintaining the genetic diversity of the population, and the conservation of the environment in which these animals are inserted is a premise for the social behavior of this species is maintained over the years
Orientador: José Maurício Barbanti Duarte
Coorientador: Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa
Coorientador: Renato Caparroz
Banca: Adriana Coletto Morales
Banca: Renata Alonso Miotto
Mestre
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Araujo, Renato Braz de. "Ictiofauna de lagoas marginais sazonalmente isoladas, rio Turvo, bacia do rio Grande, Alto Paraná, SP /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100249.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Francisco Langeani NetoBanca: Oscar Akio Shibatta
Banca: Lilian Casatti
Banca: Antonio Fernando Monteiro Camargo
Banca: Luiz Henrique Florindo
Resumo: Na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, lagoas marginais são viveiros naturais de espécies comercialmente importantes e habitat preferencial de peixes sedentários e de pequeno porte. No presente estudo, foram investigadas a composição e a abundância de comunidades de peixes em lagoas marginais (temporárias e permanentes) sazonalmente isoladas do rio Turvo, incluindo alterações qualitativas e quantitativas nas estações seca e chuvosa e sua relação com fatores ambientais. O material foi coletado em ambas as estações em seis lagoas marginais. As comunidades de peixes foram analisadas por meio de riqueza de espécies, diversidade e equitabilidade, similaridade qualitativa e quantitativa, e associações ecológicas entre amostras, espécies e variáveis ambientais. Foi registrado um total de 7.456 exemplares, distribuídos em 52 espécies, 40 gêneros, 19 famílias, e cinco ordens. As espécies mais abundantes foram Astyanax altiparanae, Serrapinnus heterodon, Liposarcus anisitsi, Hyphessobrycon eques, and Moenkahausia intermedia. A análise de agrupamento mostrou baixa similaridade entre as lagoas, sugerindo heterogeneidade desses ambientes. A composição e abundância das comunidades de peixes nas lagoas estudadas mostraram acentuada sazonalidade, sendo maiores os valores de riqueza e abundância obtidos na estação chuvosa. A análise de correspondência canônica revelou que temperatura da água, alcalinidade e abundância de anfíbios foram significativamente associadas à estrutura da ictiofauna.
Abstract: In the Upper Paraná River floodplain, marginal lagoons are natural nurseries of commercially important fish species and preferential habitat of sedentary and small-sized fish species. The composition and abundance of fish communities in seasonally isolated lagoons (temporary and permanent) of the rio Turvo, qualitative and quantitative changes in the dry and rainy seasons, as well as relationship with environmental factors, were investigated. The material was sampled in both seasons in six marginal lagoons. The ichthyofauna was studied through species richness, diversity, evenness, qualitative and quantitative similarities, and ecological associations between the samples and species along an environmental gradient. A total of 7,457 specimens, distributed among 52 species, 40 genera, 19 families, and five orders, were recorded. The most abundant species were Astyanax altiparanae, Serrapinnus heterodon, Liposarcus anisitsi, Hyphessobrycon eques, and Moenkahausia intermedia. Cluster analysis showed a low similarity among lagoons suggesting heterogeneity of these environments. The composition and abundance of fish communities in the studied marginal lagoons showed a remarkable seasonality, with highest values of species richness and abundance obtained in the rainy season. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the water temperature, alkalinity, and amphibian abundance were significantly associated with the ichthyofauna structure.
Doutor
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Pateis, Carlos da Silva. "Reestruturação urbana e transformações na área central em cidades médias: o caso de São José do Rio Preto - SP /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95678.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Roberto BragaBanca: Pompeu Figueiredo de Carvalho
Banca: Claudete de Castro Silva Vitte
Resumo: As cidades médias têm se destacado no cenário urbano por apresentar um ritmo de crescimento maior que a média nacional, numa dinâmica que reproduz problemas típicos das metrópoles, como a deterioração das áreas centrais. A presente pesquisa visou a análise dessas transformações recentes dentro do contexto do processo de estruturação e reestruturação urbana das cidades médias, privilegiando as mudanças que implicam a deterioração de suas áreas centrais. Como estudo de caso, foram investigadas as mudanças decorrentes da estruturação urbana da cidade de São José do Rio Preto - SP. Verificou-se que a cidade se estruturou criando, no espaço urbano, zonas diferenciadas em termos de uso do solo e conteúdo social, fazendo despontar áreas especializadas na localização de indústrias, estabelecimentos comerciais e de serviços e residências, distintas segundo o perfil sócio-econômico dos moradores. Nesse processo de estruturação, novas centralidades despontaram no espaço urbano, implicando uma perda relativa de atratividade da área central da cidade, que se reestruturou substituindo os antigos moradores e usuários de alta renda por novos de menor capacidade econômica. O estoque construído dos setores do centro preteridos pelas camadas de alta renda se deteriorou, pois sofreu drástica queda nos investimentos que visavam sua recuperação ou modernização.
Abstract: The medium-sized cities have their preeminence in the urban scenery for presenting a rhythm of larger growth than the national average and dynamics that reproduces typical problems of the metropolises such as deterioration of the central areas. The present research sought the analysis of those recent transformations inside of the context of the urban structuring and restructuring process of the medium-sized cities, privileging the changes that implicate deterioration of their central areas. As case study, the current changes of the urban structuring of the city of São José do Rio Preto were investigated. It was verified that the city was structured creating, in the urban space, different areas in terms of land-use and social content, making different specialized areas in the location of industries, commercial and services establishments and residences, according to the neighborhood socioeconomic profile. In that structuring process, new centralities are created urban space, implicating relative loss of attractiveness of the central area of the city that has been restructured substituting the old residents and users of high income for new of smaller economical capacity. The deteriorated built stock of the sections of the center ignored by the groups of high income causing drastic fall in the investments that sought its recovery or modernization.
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Ribeiro, Karina. "Aspectos estruturais do hepatopâncreas, desenvolvimento ovocitário e caracterização hormonal de fêmeas de Macrobrachium amazonicum durante as fases de maturação gonadal /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100196.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Irene Bastos Franceschini VicentiniBanca: Antonio Marcos Orsi
Banca: Maíra Aparecida Stefanini
Banca: Margarida Maria Barros Ferreira Lima
Banca: Maria Terezinha Siqueira Bombonato
Resumo: O presente trabalho realizou o estudo dos aspectos estruturais do hepatopâncreas, ovários e da caracterização hormonal de fêmeas de Macrobrachium amazonicum, nos diferentes estágios de maturação gonadal. Para tanto utilizaram-se 150 fêmeas adultas subdivididas entre os cinco diferentes estágios de maturação ovariana. Após serem capturados os animais foram pesados e mortos por choque térmico. Ovários e hepatopâncreas foram coletados e pesados individualmente para obtenção dos índices gonadossomático (IGS) e hepatossomático (IHS). Para as análises de microscopia de luz e eletrônica de transmissão, ovários e hepatopâncreas foram fixados em solução de Karnovsky e seguiram os procedimentos de rotina de inclusão. Os ovários, hepatopâncreas e hemolinfa destinados à quantificação hormonal foram armazenados em ependorfes e preservados em nitrogênio líquido a -70ºC, para posterior processamento de radioimunoensaio visando avaliação das concentrações de estradiol, progesterona e testosterona. Os resultados relacionados ao IGS e IHS demonstram uma correlação inversa entre os ovários e o hepatopâncreas nos diferentes estágios de maturação gonadal. Em relação ao desenvolvimento ovariano, observa-se a distribuição de cinco tipos celulares ao longo dos cinco estágios de maturação gonadal. Desta forma encontram-se as ovogônias ou células germinativas mais jovens no estágio I de maturação ovariana. As células pré-vitelogênicas, observadas a partir do estágio II, apresentam vesículas de retículo endoplasmático rugoso. Essas vesículas são importantes nas fases de vitelogênese endógena e exógena. Os ovócitos em vitelogênese inicial, característicos do estágio III, apresentam a deposição de vitelo endógeno. As células em vitelogênese avançada, próprias do estágio IV de maturação gonadal, são o alvo principal da vitelogênese ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study described the structural aspects of the hepatopancreas and ovaries, and the hormonal features of females of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum, during the reproductive cycle. The specimens were captured and killed by thermic chock. The gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) indices were calculated as the percentage of the weight of the gonad and hepatopancreas to total body weight, respectively. Ovaries and hepatopancreas were fixed in Karnovsky solution and destined to light and ultrastructural microscopy studies. Small portions of the ovary, hepatopancreas and hemolymph were frozen in liquid nitrogen, for later steroid quantification (estradiol, progesterone and testosterone). The relationships between GSI and HSI demonstrate an inverse correlation between ovary and hepatopancreas during the maturation cycle. The oocytes distribution is variable depending on the ovarian maturation degree. The ovary in stage I consists of oogonia. The ovary in stage II consists mainly by previtellogenic oocytes that possess vesicles of the endoplasmic reticulum. These vesicles are important to endogenous and exogenous vitelogenesis. Initial vitellogenic oocytes are mainly observed in the ovary in stage III and possess vitelline reserve, called as endogenous vitelogenesis. Ovary in stage IV is composed of late vitellogenic oocytes that uptake exogenous vitellogenin. Mature oocytes present a corion formation. The hepatopancreas is composed by tubules that are lined by a pseudostratified epithelium, which consists of five cell types, identified as E (embryonic), F (fibrillar), B (blisterlike), R (resorptive) and M (basal). These cells present relationships with digestion and nutrient storage, which are very important for the reproductive processes ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Moraes, Victor Marcuz de. "Ponte mista de madeira-concreto em vigas treliçadas de madeira /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91472.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: José Antônio MatthiesenBanca: José Luiz Pinheiro Melges
Banca: Antonio Alves Dias
Resumo: As pontes mistas com vigas de madeira e tabuleiro de concreto, que constituem uma técnica já bastante estudada pelo meio acadêmico brasileiro, vêm ganhando cada vez mais espaço entre os projetistas e construtores de pontes em estradas vicinais do interior do Brasil. Entretanto, o vão dessas pontes é limitado pelo comprimento das peças de madeira, cujos valores máximos, em geral, ficam em torno de 6 metros para vigas serradas e 12 metros para vigas roliças. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa propõe um novo sistema estrutural de pontes mistas para vencer vãos da ordem de 15 a 20 metros, constituído por vigas treliçadas de madeira que suportam a laje de concreto armado. O tabuleiro do sistema proposto pode ser executado utilizando, como pré-laje, painéis treliçados pré-moldados auto-portantes, evitando-se escoramentos e, conseqüentemente, reduzindo o tempo e os custos de construção. A laje final é solidarizada às treliças de madeira por intermédio de pinos metálicos de cisalhamento, que fazem com que ambos os materiais trabalhem solidariamente na resistência aos esforços solicitantes, buscando, portanto, a otimização do uso estrutural desses materiais. A principal abordagem desta pesquisa é experimental, com a construção e análise de um modelo físico reduzido na escala 1:4... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Timber-concrete composite structures - TCCS - constitute a technique well studied by the Brazilian academy and have been each time more present among the designers and constructors of bridges in secondary roads in the interior of Brazil. However, the span of these bridges is limited by the length of the timber beams, whose maximum values, in general, are around 6 meters for sawed beams and 12 meters for round beams. In this context, the present research suggests a new structural system of composite bridges, to overcome spans from 15 to 20 meters, built by trussed timber beams that support a reinforced concrete deck. The deck of the system can be executed using precast self-supported trussed panels, preventing props and, consequently, reducing time and costs of construction. The final slab is connected to the trussed beams by metallic shear bolts, which make that both the materials (timber and concrete) work together in the resistance to the requesting efforts, aiming the optimization of the structural use of these materials. This research was based on an experimental approach, with the construction and analysis of a reduced physical model in the scale 1:4, based on a bridge design classified as 30t with a free span of 16 meters. The model was instrumented with strain gauges and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Döring, Sophia [Verfasser], Markus [Gutachter] Egg, Manfred [Gutachter] Krifka, and Sophie [Gutachter] Repp. "Modal Particles, Discourse Structure and Common Ground Management. / Sophia Döring ; Gutachter: Markus Egg, Manfred Krifka, Sophie Repp." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1184576777/34.
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Peck, Tucker. "Factor Structure among Possible Correlates of Skill at Mindfulness Meditation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577185.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the growing interest in the general public and popular press about the scientific research into mindfulness meditation (e.g. Pickert, 2014), several critiques of this research have been published in the past few years outlining methodological flaws in many published studies on the topic (Goyal et al., 2014; Ospina et al., 2007). One potential way to improve methodology in this field would be to find better ways of measuring skill at meditation, giving researchers an ability to compare more advanced practitioners to those who are more novice. A total of 69 participants were recruited. Pilot data were collected from 33 participants and analyzed using exploratory methods to assess whether any self-report measures of mindfulness practice might correlate with any physiological variables thought to possibly reflect a dimension of skill at meditation. Participants spent a night in the sleep lab, and prior to their sleep study spent six minutes in a baseline condition followed by six minutes in a meditation condition, and differences were recorded on a number of physiological measures. Correlational analyses revealed that, of the physiological and self-report measures, six were correlated with other measures, and principal component analysis found 2 factors, each with three components. 36 additional participants were then recruited in an attempt to determine whether these two factors would replicate, and this latter group participated only in the meditation protocol. Both factors were largely replicated independently in the second sample and remained stable collapsing the two groups together. Factor 1 combined an increase in both alpha and theta power centrally and occipitally between baseline and meditation with self-reported mindfulness practice, and Factor 2 combined the inverse of the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale, and the change in respiration between baseline and meditation.
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Pedreiro, Marcelo Rodrigo de Matos. "Análise do comportamento experimental e numérico de prismas de alvenaria estrutural submetidos a ações verticais utilizando elementos finitos volumétricos /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99868.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Rogério de Oliveira RodriguesBanca: José Luiz Pinheiro Melges
Banca: Jorge Munaiar Neto
Resumo: Com a crescente evolução da engenharia estrutural e dos diferentes sistemas construtivos, o profissional atuante nessa área necessita incorporar o microcomputador como uma ferramenta básica, de modo a manter a qualidade, a competitividade e a eficiência de seu trabalho. Apesar de o projeto de alvenaria estrutural ter uma modelagem bastante simples, a utilização de ferramentas computacionais desenvolvimento da para análise auxiliar o e cálculo, corresponde do projetista, a no uma parcela significativa do tempo total despendido na execução do projeto. Frente a esse fato, apresenta-se como necessidade imediata o desenvolvimento de códigos computacionais confiáveis que possibilitem efetuar várias simulações de situações de projeto e carregamento. Nesse principal contexto a o presente trabalho simulação numérica do tem como comportamento objetivo não-linear físico de primas de alvenaria estrutural submetidos a ações verticais. O Método dos Elementos Finitos será empregado como modelo discreto elementos aplicado prismáticos na análise triangulares numérica, lineares com utilizando-se seis nós e parabólicos com quinze nós, simulando-se as partes do bloco de concreto (14 x 19 x 29 cm), bem como as juntas de argamassa, efetuando uma modulação tridimensional do prisma, além de considerar de forma separada as características físicas de cada material citado. Neste trabalho demonstra-se todo processo de dedução explicita das matrizes de rigidez para os elementos usados na discretização, sendo que para a consideração da não-linearidade dos materiais utilizou-se o critério de Mohr-Coulomb, permitindo representar a diminuição da rigidez em função da ruptura do material. O código gerado em linguagem Visual Basic permitiu realizar simulações numéricas, cujos resultados quando comparados com resultados experimentais mostraram-se bastante satisfatórios
Abstract: With the growth of the Structural Engineering and the different building systems, the professional who works in this area needs to incorporate the computer as a basic tool in a way to keep the quality, competitiveness, and the efficiency of his work. Despite of the structural masonry project has a very simple modeling, designer in the the uses of computational development of the tools the and analysis help the calculation, it corresponds to a significant plot of the total time spent on the project execution. Before this fact, it is presented as an immediate necessity the development of computational reliable programs which enables to perform many simulations of design situations and loading. In this context, the present work aims the numerical simulation of nonlinear behavior of physical structural masonry prisms submitted to vertical actions. The Finite Element Method will be employed as discrete models to numerical analysis using triangular linear prisms with six nodes and parabolic prisms with fifteen nodes, simulating concrete blocks parts (14 x 19 x29cm), as well as the mortar joints, making a tridimentional modulation of the prism, besides considering separately the physical characteristics of each cited material. It is presented in this work, the entire process of explicit deduction of the matrices of stiffness to the elements used in the discretization, the Mohr-Coulomb Criteria was used to consider the nonlinear of materials, permitting to represent the decrease of stiffness in function of the material rupture. The code numerical generated in simulations Visual whose Basic language results, when allowed compared making to the experimental, are showed as very satisfying