Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Eaux usées – Épuration – Dénitrification'
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Wouters-Wasiak, Katia. "Etude et contrôle des processus de nitrification - dénitrification - déphosphatation biologique." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0060.
Full textThree main research axes were held during my PhD: The study of nitrification kinetics at full scale and in batch; study of releases and uptake kinetics of phosphate; the evaluation of the interest of ORP measure for control of nitrification, denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal. The study at full-scale as well as the batch experiments have proved that, for a sufficient sludge age, the nitrification rate, expressed per liter of sludge, varies slightly with the sludge concentration, within 2 to 4. 5 g/l VSS. A higher sludge concentration does not implicate a higher nitrification capacity. Batch tests were realised to determine the influence of both COD concentration and anaerobic residence time on both phosphate release and uptake rates. The phosphor-release rate, settled on the first anaerobic hour, was proportional to the initial filtered COD concentration. For the same COD concentration, an increase of the anaerobic residence time superior to 2h did not increase the excess phosphorous uptake and did not improve the enhanced biological phosphorus removal efficiency. A second series of experiences were realised to specify the appearance conditions and the consequences on biological phosphorus removal of a second P-release (a release without carbon supply). An occasional secondary P-release does not seem to affect the biological phosphorus removal process
Paccard, Emmanuelle. "Dénitrification biologique d'effluents industriels à fortes concentrations en nitrates." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11068.
Full textLi, Fang Han. "Nitrification et dénitrification endogène par lits bactériens et bassin d'anoxie." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0006.
Full textTwo pilot-scale studies were carried out to asses system performances for COD alimentation, nitrification and denitrification. The system consisted principally of two percolating filters with Cloisonyle plastic media, an intermediate setting tank, an anoxic tank and a final tank setting tank. In the first study, the anoxic tank was placed between the first filter and the intermediate setting tank. A total recycle rate was applied at this level. The system was operated for 11months at Pierre Bénite municipal sewage near Lyon, receiving a settle affluent from the primary sedimentation tank of this station. In the second study, the anoxic tank was placed after de second filter without total recycle. The system functioned for 14 month in laboratory, Fed with non-characteristic local sewage with the addition of abattoir plasma. .
Jimenez, Cisneros Blanca E. "Nitrification-dénitrification par couplage de deux filtres immergés." Toulouse, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISATA007.
Full textJulien, Sabine. "Modélisation et estimation pour le contrôle d'un procédé boues activées éliminant l'azote des eaux résiduaires urbaines." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT094H.
Full textAubry, Geneviève. "Enlèvement de l'azote des eaux usées par un procédé à culture fixée immergée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/21279/21279.pdf.
Full textThe present study was conducted to establish the nitrogen removal capacity for a domestic effluent of the submerged fixed-film process BIO-FOSSEMD. This process has been especially designed for small communities and is based on the use of textile as bacterial support. When aerated continuously and subjected to loads of 35 g N-NH4+ m-2 d-1 and 323 g DBO5 m-2 d-1, this process reached 96% of nitrification, while providing 98% biological oxygen demand removal and 91% suspended solids removal. Under these conditions, values lower than 2 mg N-NH4+/L were measured on a regular basis in the effluent. When the reactor is operated under intermittent aeration, NH4+ and NO3- removal efficiencies depend on the duration of aerobic and anoxic periods. With a 24 h cycle, including 75% of aeration, the effluent nitrogen concentrations varied from 0,4 to 7,4 mg N-NH4+/L and from 10 to 21 mg N-NO3-/L. Under continuous aeration, total nitrogen removal average was around 49%, reaching over 70% at some point. Similar nitrogen removal was reached under intermittent aeration. Kinetic tests conducted ex situ gave a maximal nitrification rate of 58 g N-NH4+ m-2 d-1 and a maximal denitrification rate of 52 g N-NO3- m-2 d-1.
Nagem, Nogueira Flavia (19. "Méthodes d'évaluation de la biodégradabilité des eaux résiduaires urbaines." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11011.
Full textLagarde, Fabienne. "Modélisation et optimisation du traitement de l'azote et du carbone par boues activées avec aération séquencée en temps de pluie à différentes températures." Paris 12, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA120042.
Full textIn order to maximize the urban wastewater treatment, particularly under wet weather, the operational conditions allowing an improvement of the carbon and nitrogen removal efficiency were sought out. An activated sludge wastewater treatment plant with an intermittent aeration tank was modeled with the Activated Sludge Model 1. As a preliminary step, the plant was intensively sampled by means of three measuring campaigns (several days long) realized under different temperatures and hydraulic loads. The collected data allowed to calibrate the model parameters at 12°C and at 20°C under dry weather on the saine plant. The model parameters were then validated at 14°C under overload conditions. Meanwhile, the influent was characterized in terms of biodegradation kinetics of COD, under various sampling rainfail conditions. This COD characterization is required for model forcing. A respirometric procedure was developed and applied to samples collected from the combined and separate sewers of the plant. The evaluation of COD fractions is also of interest to predict the impact and the hehaviour of direct combined sewer overflows on the receiving body. By means of mass balance calculations, we assessed the contribution of each biological zone in the COD and N removal by using the validated model. Each zone interest and the impact of operating and external conditions (temperature, load) on the biological treatment were investigated through several simulation scenarios. We deterrnined that the maximal pollutant load that can be treated essentially depends on the temperature and the influent composition (COD/N ratio in particular). In all cases, the maximization of the treatment relies on the adjustment of the operational conditions
Naji, Saïd. "Etude d'un nouveau type de réacteur à biomasse immobilisée : application à la dénitrification et à la méthanisation de solutions aqueuses." Metz, 1985. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1985/Naji.Said.SMZ8501.pdf.
Full textAndrianarison, Tahina Razanadraibe. "Traitement d'effluents urbains dans un système de 11 lagunes : décontamination microbienne et élimination de l'azote." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20104.
Full textGuerbois, Delphine. "Mécanismes de dénitrification ferreuse par des biominéraux de type rouille verte : application au traitement des eaux usées." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066825.
Full textAdouani, Nouceiba. "Études des émissions de protoxyde d'azote lors du traitement biologique d'effluents azotés par dénitrification." Lorient, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LORIS123.
Full textN itrogen removal du ring biological denitrification with activated sludge generates gas emissions especially a powerful greenhouse gas, the nitrous oxide (N,O). This research aimed at determining the fundamental factors governing the production and emission of N,O. The experimental work was carried out with a ten liters batch reactor. Thanks to this work, we were able to draw and suggest many conclusions. The carbon source choice is very important as for N,O emitted quantity (74% ofN-N,O, 7. 4% and 1. 7% for acetate, OCDE and ethanol respectively). Moreover, it appears that N,O emissions are systematically observed when nitrites are present and their concentrations increased with the increase of nitrites concentrations. We also noticed that temperature is the most important parameter as for N,O emissions, low temperatures generates more emissions principally because of slowed enzymatic activities. N,O emissions moved from 13% to 82% wh en temperature was modified from 20 to soc. The impact of pH on denitrification (at 20°C) was demonstrated at pH=6. 5 with 23% of N,O emissions and the appearance of the intermediary NO at 2. 7% (N-NO), while pH of 7, 7. 5 and 8 generates the lowest and nearly identical N,O emissions. Variations of substrates concentrations and their ratio DCO/N between 3. 5 and 5 were identified as the less impacting factors on N,O emissions. Some of our experiences were modelled with ASM l, and sorne other results with the software PLAS. To put in coherence the whole experimental observations, we present an alternative scheme for denitrification reactions
Mouneimne, Abdul Halim. "Valorisation biologique des résidus graisseux urbains par production de carbone bioassimilable (AGV) utilisable en traitement tertiaire des eaux usées." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20125.
Full textRousseau, Pierre. "Étude, modélisation et optimisation d’un procédé de traitement des lisiers de porcs par couplage de la digestion anaérobie et du traitement biologique de l’azote." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S011.
Full textIndustrialization of animal production participated in the pollution of fresh water. So, biological treatment processes were developed to reduce the nitrogen load applied locally, At the same time, anaerobic digestion of livestock wastes is also an interesting alternative, but not affecting the nitrogen concentration. In this context, the development of a process combining both anaerobic digestion and biological nitrogen removal could allow converting organic matter into a valuable energy while respecting the environmental constraints as regards nitrogen. The management of the interactions between aerobic and anaerobic processes and the optimisation of organic matter use are the main issues of this project. In order to reach these challenges, two parallel and complementary approaches have been considered: an experimental approach and a numerical approach. Experimental work, carried out on a pilot process, highlighted (i) the absence of inhibition by ammonia into the digester, (ii) the slow kinetics of anaerobic degradation of pig manure and (iii) the feasibility to obtain and control nitrate short-cut by oxygen inflow reduction. The modelling framework resulted in a combination of the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) and Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) through two interfaces. The use of this model allowed a better understanding of the interactions between aerobic and anaerobic processes and to a better definition of the operating parameters to optimize the use of organic matter including conditions to obtain nitrate short-cut
Lendormi, Thomas. "Etude de l'oxydation en voie humide de boues résiduaires urbaines et intégration dans une station d'épuration." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0043.
Full textCabassud, Corinne. "Microfiltration tangentielle et séparation de biomasse : Application aux bioréacteurs à membrane en dénitrification des eaux." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT008G.
Full textBui, Thi Hai Linh. "Removal of nitrate from water and wastewater by ammonium-functionalized sba-16 mesoporous silica." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29620/29620.pdf.
Full textThe presence of excess nitrogen (N) compounds can lead to environment pollutions and healthy problems. Also, nitrate ions are the commonly encountered N compounds in wastewater through human activities such as agriculture and human wastes. Therefore, removal of nitrate to diminish the concentration of nitrate in groundwater, surface water as well as in wastewaters is of prime importance. Normally, the major methods that have been applied for nitrate removal include biological and physicochemical technologies. However, current available treatments for nitrate removal have shortcomings and limitations such as high costs and complex operations. The adsorption process is considered better among other wastewater treatment technologies because of the simple design, easy and economical operation as well as allowing nitrate recovery. Adsorption technology has been found successful in nitrate removal by using various materials as adsorbents. In this thesis, ammonium-functionalized SBA-16 mesoporous silica was synthesized and used as potential adsorbent for nitrate removal in water and wastewater, which is due mainly to their large specific surface area, ordered meso-structure, and their functionalization ability by different surface functional groups. The functionalized SBA-16 process with amine groups (mono-, di- and tri ammonium silane) can be carried out through two methods: post synthesis grafting and co-condensation. The influence of solution pH, temperature, competitive ions, adsorbent loading and molar ratio organoalkoxysilane/silica was investigated by a series of batch adsorption experiments. As the results of this study, the mesoporous functionalized SBA-16 via post-synthesis grafting method exhibited higher performances in terms of percentage pollutant removal and adsorption capacities. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 70.46 mg NO3-/g adsorbent at temperature of 5oC. The adsorption was rapid at early stages of the treatment and the equilibrium was reached within 5 minutes. The capacity of adsorbent was increased with initial concentration. The maximum removal for nitrate was observed at pH of 3. The adsorption capacity increased with changing the amine type from mono-, di - to tri- ammonium silane groups. In addition, the parameters of adsorption process such as equilibrium adsorption isotherm and thermodynamic were investigated. The Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models were investigated. The adsorption equilibrium data were in good agreement with the Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models. The negative values of enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔSo) were found for all of isotherm models. This indicates the exothermic character of nitrate adsorption process as well as the decrease in randomness at the solid/solution interface during the adsorption.
Abdulkarim, Mouhamad. "Contribution à l'étude du rôle du support dans la fixation bactérienne : application à l'élimination biologique des nitrates dans les effluents industriels." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0570.
Full textPellegrin, Marie-Laure. "Détermination des vitesses de nitrification-dénitrification dans un bioréacteur à membranes immergées fonctionnant en aération séquencée : contrôle et optimisation du séquençage de l'aération." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20088.
Full textAkunna, Joseph Chukwuemeka. "Dépollution azotée des effluents méthanisés." Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120030.
Full textAnceno, Alfredo. "Dynamics and activity measurement of nitrogen converting bacteria underlying selected bioprocesses treating animal and municipal wastewater." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S218.
Full textLes travaux présentés concernent la caractérisation des communautés microbiennes nitrifiantes et dénitrifiantes d'un procédé de traitement du lisier de porcs selon plusieurs configurations de fonctionnement. Tout d'abord, les biais liés à l'utilisation des outils de typage moléculaire des ADNr16S par PCR-SSCP (Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism) ont été investigués sur des matrices environnementales telles que le compost, le lisier de porcs et le sol. Ensuite, les bactéries ammonium-oxydantes, nitrite-oxydantes et dénitrifiantes du procédé ont été analysées par PCR-SSCP des ADNr16S, réalisation d'inventaires du gène nosZ, et/ou quantification des gènes de nitrification (amoA, nxrB) et dénitrification (napA, narG, nirS, nirK, norB, nosZ) par qPCR. Ces outils ont permis de suivre le démarrage puis le fonctionnement du procédé selon trois configurations de fonctionnement : (i) réacteur seul, (ii) réacteur couplé en sortie d'un digesteur anaérobie et dérivation d'une partie de l'influent lors de la phase anoxique de dénitrification, et (iii) même configuration que ci-avant avec une recirculation des boues. L'analyse du fonctionnement des réacteurs, couplée à la mesure de l'activité de nitrification de la biomasse par respirométrie et à la caractérisation et quantification des groupes microbiens impliqués dans la conversion de l'azote, montre la mise en place du processus de nitritation-dénitritation dans la configuration (iii) du procédé qui s'accompagne de la dominance des bactéries ammonium-oxydantes, de la diminution des nitrite-oxydantes, et d'une fluctuation des bactéries dénitrifiantes hétérotrophes
Tizghadam, Ghazani Mostafa. "Etude des performances et optimisation d'un réacteur cascade à biomasse hybride pour le traitement des eaux usées urbaines." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/64980613-b375-43bd-ae4b-8816e68604b1/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4027.pdf.
Full textIn order to solve the problems involved in the organic overload of certain wastewater treatment plants and more generally to improve their performances with respect to nutrients removal, the transformation of the activated sludge treatment plants can be achived with the addition of a biofilm support in the aeration basin. We coupled a suspended growth system with an attached growth system into the same reactor; the process is known as “hybrid”. The cascaded reactor with hybrid biomass (RCBH) is a novel multistage reactor design using a series of baffles designed to force the wastewater to flow alternatively under and over the baffles, in which the supports for development of a biofilm immersed. This type of hybrid reactor, allows the improvement of the treatment of organic carbon, the coupling of the biological nitrification and denitrification within the same basin, with the improvement of the sludge settleability (minimization of the filamentous “bulking” related to the type of flow in use in the reactor). The aims of this work were to study the performances of the RCBH in order to evaluate the possibilities of dimension reductions of the activated sludge plant installations while allowing the carbon and nitrogen treatment. Four aerated reactors with the same effective volume alimented either by a synthetic effluent or by a domestic wastewater, were compared in term of the performances: a suspended growth completely mixed reactor (RPA), a suspended growth cascaded reactor (RC), a hybrid growth completely mixed reactor (RPABH) and a hybrid growth cascaded reactor (RCBH). (For the latter reactor, operation with aerobic- anoxic conditions was also studied). The hydrodynamics of reactors were characterized in order to evaluate its contribution in the elimination of carbonaceous and nitrogenous pollutions, and the sludge settleability. In the second time, the operating conditions of the reactors were modified in order to appreciate their influence on the mechanisms of elimination of carbon and nitrogen: mass loading, nitrogen loading, hydraulic retention time, sludge age. Lastly, the parameters influencing the performances of the carbon elimination, the nitrification and denitrification were studied for the control and maintenance of the experimental conditions. Where the systems was feded with the domestic wastewater, the COD efficiencies in RPA, RPABH, RC and RCBH are 89, 92, 91 and 93% respectively and in the same order, the ammonia nitrogen efficiencies 20, 29, 88 and 89% are respectively. The hydrodynamics modifications and the biomass implementation in the aeration basin leaded to the improvement the efficiency of the installation. The configuration of a RCBH sequenced aerobic-anoxic with two anoxic compartments at the head of the reactor, was optimized to obtain a concentration in DBO5 lower than 30 mg O2. L-1 and a total nitrogen concentration below 10 mgN. L-1 in effluent. The compartmentalized (cascade) configuration of the aeration basin facilitated the installation of the aerobic-anoxic zones into the reactor and allowed the elimination of 90% of kjeldahl nitrogen. This value was 38% for a traditional system under the same experimental conditions. Moreover, the configuration of the cascaded reactor made it possible to set up nitrification-denitrification in the same reactor
Bouguerra, Maissa. "Étude de l'élimination des ions nitrate dans les effluents agroalimentaires au moyen d'un adsorbant organosilicate mésoporeux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26966/26966.pdf.
Full textBoursier, Hélène. "Etude et modélisation des processus biologiques au cours du traitement aérobie du lisier de porcs en vue d'une optimisation du procédé." Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0026.
Full textIn intensive animal production areas, specially pig production, water pollution and national regulation have led the pig production farms to implement wastewater treatment plants for pig slurry. Aiming at improving the design and operation of these plants, the present work was focused on the development of a model simulating the nitrogen removal during intermittent aeration process. For this purpose, raw slurry carbon and nitrogen content was first characterized. Biodegradable organic matter represents from 19 to 72% of raw slurry total COD and is highly variable with time and depending on the piggery farm, sometimes resulting in a BOD deficiency for denitrification. A numerical model was developed in order to estimate the time variations of pig slurry characteristics depending on the breeding farm. Secondly, treatment experiments carried out on a pilot-scale reactor pointed out that nitrification followed by anoxic denitrification were responsible for 90% of the nitrogen removal in the reactor. Results suggest that nitrification is influenced by the O2 concentration, temperature and the entrapment of NH4+ by precipitation and/or adsorption on the sludge floc, but is not limited by the presence of NH3. Finally, a dynamic simulation model, including a separation between nitritation and nitratation, was adapted, calibrated and validated on pilot experimental data. This biological model, coupled with the model allowing to estimate raw slurry characteristics, constitutes now an efficient tool to determine, according to raw slurry characteristics, the optimal strategies for designing and operating the treatment plants
Babou, Kammoe Romuald Brice. "Élimination des ions ammonium de solutions aqueuses par la silice mésoporeuse (SBA-15) fonctionnalisée avec des groupements organiques acides." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25183.
Full textWater pollution resulting from the excessive presence of nitrogen nutrients arising from agricultural practices and human activities such as the discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater has become a major environmental problem. The main objective of this study is to optimize the formulation of new adsorbents for the removal of ammonium ions contained in agricultural runoff. For this purpose, two mesoporous materials functionalized with arene and propyl sulfonic acid groups by cocondensation and post-synthesis grafting on the one hand and a novel adsorbent containing a bridged benzene moiety on the other hand were synthesized. They have been characterized and tested in batch and continuous modes. Arene and propylsulfonic acid adsorbents with an organosilane/silica molar ratio of 20% show a maximum adsorption capacity of about 25 mg NH4+/g at the lowest temperature studied (5° C). For a given initial ammonium concentration, the removal efficiency (W) increased with increasing adsorbent loading. The adsorption capacity was improved by increasing the molar organosilane silica ratio to reach 42 mg NH4+/g with a ratio of 40% at 25 ° C. The equilibrium data of both adsorbents followed the Langmuir model and the kinetic pseudo second order model is the one that best describes their kinetic behavior. Negative values of the enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) obtained indicate that the reaction is exothermic and that there is downward of the random arrangement of the adsorbate at the solid/liquid interface, respectively. Finally, the adsorbents are regenerated easily and maintained their adsorption capacity after five consecutive cycles of adsorption-desorption. The continuous study was conducted with the arene sulfonic acid adsorbent synthesized by grafting. The results obtained show that the time of occurrence of breakthrough curves decreases with increasing flow rate and initial ammonium concentration, but increases with increased bed height. Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models allowed a good prediction of experimental breakthrough curves. Finally, the breakthrough curves were not changed significantly after three consecutive cycles of adsorption-desorption. With the adsorbent containing the bridged benzene group, adsorption capacities between 34 and 40 mg NH4+/g were obtained.
Casellas-Français, Magali. "Mise en oeuvre, modélisation, optimisation et contrôle d'un procédé discontinu séquentiel (SBR) : application au traitement du carbone, de l'azote, du phosphore et des matières en suspension d'eaux résiduaires urbaines." Limoges, 2002. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c7b8b1be-7f59-4700-ba14-86cff384c513/blobholder:0/2002LIMO0035.pdf.
Full textWastewater treatment optimization requires the installation of reliable processes and a control of operating conditions. In this context, discontinuous processes like SBR, working on the principle of alternating reaction, settling and purge phases is investigated. A development process methodology based on the use of mathematical simulations, lab scale experiments, full scale extrapolation and simple but robust control strategies is reported. The Benchmark of wastewater treatment associates a wastewater treatment model (ASM n°1 ofHENZE et al. , 1986) and a settling conditions model (TACKACS et al. , 1991). Combining both models allows for the simulation of an activated sludge process operation. An exhaustive bibliographic study could highlight different scenarios of SBR operations able to achieve carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and total suspended solids removal. Different time delays were investigated in order to identify two particular operating conditions : short cycles and long cycles. The use of the Benchmark associated with a critical identification of incoming variables of the model, was extended to the development of strategies for nitrogen removal improvement. This study, combined with an experimental study of phosphorus removal allowed to define a 24 hours cycle, improving denitrification rates but also highlighting problems related to temporal variations of incoming load. In order to solve this problem, a special procedure , based on the use of three sensors : pH, ORP, dissolved oxygen, was investigated and full scale commissioned, in order to control with accuracy operating conditions
Plisson-Sauné, Stéphan. "Application de la mesure du potentiel d'électrode de platine au contrôle dynamique et à l'optimisation des stations d'épuration à boues activées faible charge éliminant l'azote." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0040.
Full textPambrun, Vaitea. "Analyse et modélisation de la nitrification partielle et de la précipitation concomitante du phosphore dans un réacteur à alimentation séquencée." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAT0049.
Full textFor highly concentrated ammonia effluents (containing 300 to 1000 mg NH4 +-N. L-1), partial nitrification can be used to optimize the treatment process. The most challenging aspect is to maintain a long term stable nitrite accumulation. A sequencing batch reactor allows a total conversion of ammonia to nitrite. The main control parameters are pH, applied load and cycle duration time (aerated periods). Process control, based on on-line oxygen uptake rate, allowed to optimize the process cycle duration time, whatever was the influent ammonia concentration or the biological activity. With this system, a high loading was reached (2 kg NH4 +-N. M-3. J-1), with complete removal of ammonia and a maximal conversion of nitrogen into nitrite. The main biological mechanism was the inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria by free ammonia (NH3). A mathematical model was developed, calibrated and validated for the description of the two-step nitrification. The effluent used in this work contained a high phosphate concentration and a low COD/N ratio, and produced a sludge enriched in mineral matter and autotrophic bacteria. The concomitant precipitation of phosphorus showed a minimal phosphorus removal efficiency of 40%, reaching 90% when the ammonium concentration in the reactor was high. This adaptive process control offers a promising way to simultaneously treat nitrogen and phosphorus in the same reactor, minimizing energy needs and favoring the possible valorisation of the phosphorus present in the sludge
Dioum, Abdou. "Élimination des ions nitrate en solution aqueuse par adsorption sur un organosilicate mésoporeux de type SBA-15." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29710/29710.pdf.
Full textBaldijão, Pereira Lucia Beatriz. "Modélisation et simulation d'une station d'épuration des eaux usées urbaines par boues activées." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL087N.
Full textLeon-Cruz, Angel. "Le bioréacteur à membranes : étude de cinétiques réactionnelles en anoxie et identification des paramètres de contrôle du procédé. Application au traitement des eaux." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20152.
Full textDi, Capua Francesco. "Sulfur-based denitrification of organic-deficient, acidic, low temperature and nickel contaminated waters in fluidized-bed reactors." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1106.
Full textAutotrophic denitrification driven by reduced sulfur compounds is a promising and cost-effective biological nitrogen removal process, recommended for the treatment of organic-deficient waters, e.g. groundwater and several industrial wastewaters. Autotrophic denitrifiers utilize inorganic compounds as sources of energy and carbon. The lack of organics eliminates the need of post-treatments to remove excess organic carbon and limits the formation of harmful organic byproducts (e.g. trihalomethanes, THM), resulting in a clean and safe treatment also for drinking water. Wastewaters from mining and metal-finishing industry commonly feature low pH and temperatures as well as high heavy metal concentrations. Nitrogen removal from these waters is a technical challenge, since denitrifying bacteria usually thrives at circumneutral pH and ambient temperatures (20-30°C).The aim of this study was to develop a robust and efficient sulfur-based denitrification bioreactor process able to tolerate acidic pH, psychrophilic temperatures (< 20°C) and high nickel concentrations. The process was preliminary optimized in batch bioassays investigating the influence of sulfur source, i.e. thiosulfate (S2O32-) and biogenic and chemically synthesized elemental sulfur (S0), S0 particle size (powder and lentils), denitrifying culture (pure and mixed cultures of Thiobacillus) and temperature (6-30°C) on denitrification kinetics. The use of S2O32- and a pure culture of Thiobacillus denitrificans resulted in the highest denitrification rates. Biogenic S0 was tested for the first time as electron donor for autotrophic denitrification, showing 1.7-fold faster NO3- removal than that achieved with chemically synthesized S0 powder. The rates of thiosulfate-driven denitrification exponentially increased with temperature, being modeled according to the Arrhenius equation with an apparent activation energy Ea of 76.6 kJ/mol and a temperature coefficient Q10 of 3.0.Fluidized-bed reactors (FBRs) were used to investigate continuous thiosulfate-driven denitrification under decreasing feed pH (5.25-7.00) and temperatures (3-20°C). Denitrification efficiencies > 99% were observed at feed and effluent pH as low as 5.75 and 5.30, respectively. At lower feed pH values, the denitrification activity rapidly decreased due to an inorganic carbon deficiency. The addition of a carbonation unit providing CO2 as supplemental carbon source to the FBR biofilm allowed complete denitrification even at a pH of 4.75. In the same FBR, high-rate (up to 3.3 kg N-NO3-/m3 d) thiosulfate-driven denitrification was maintained at temperatures as low as 3°C. The impact of two Ni compounds, i.e. NiEDTA2- and NiCl2, on sulfur-based denitrification was investigated in a parallel FBR at 20 (±2)°C and feed Ni concentrations in the range of 5-200 mg Ni/L. Preliminary batch bioassays were carried out to assess Ni and free EDTA toxicity on sulfur-based denitrification. In batch bioassays, 25-100 mg Ni/L of NiCl2 inhibited NO3- removal by 7-16%, whereas no inhibition was observed with NiEDTA2-. Free EDTA inhibited sulfur-based denitrification at concentrations exceeding 100 mg/L. Both Ni compounds showed no detrimental effects on sulfur-based denitrification in FBR at the tested concentrations. Nickel mass balance, solid-phase characterization and thermodynamic modeling revealed that nickel precipitates were mostly washed out with the effluent, due to the slow Ni precipitation kinetics and high upflow velocities in the FBR. Nickel phosphate, sulfide and oxide were indicated as the main nickel precipitates and were mostly amorphous.FBRs were shown to be powerful and robust biofilm systems for nitrogen removal under acidic pH, psychrophilic temperatures and high nickel concentrations. The results of this study are of great interest for the treatment of NO3- contaminated ground and mining waters in cold regions (e.g. Canadian and Scandinavian regions) as well as acidic and heavy-metal-laden wastewaters
Astorga, Zaragoza Carlos Manuel. "Techniques avancées d'observation et de commande non-linéaire pour le génie des procédés." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10190.
Full textPeytavin, Cécile. "Réduction des nitrates et nitrites en azote par Pseudomonas stutzeri : études cinétiques modélisation et simulation d'un système dénitrifiant." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL042N.
Full textConstantin, Hervé. "La biodénitrification d'un effluent industriel fortement chargé : études cinétiques, conception d'un réacteur à lit fluidisé, et modélisation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_CONSTANTIN_H.pdf.
Full textTan, Lea. "Anaerobic treatment of mine wastewater for the removal of selenate and its co-contaminants." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1103.
Full textThis research aimed at addressing the effect of wastewater characteristics (i.e. co-contaminants, heavy metals and pH) on the biological reduction of selenate (SeO42-) and evaluating process integration and configurations for selenium-laden wastewater treatment with co-contaminants. The first part of the study focused on the effect of co-electron acceptors and low pH on the bioremediation of SeO42-. Experiments showed that the molar ratio of NO3- and SO42- to SeO42- has a controlling factor in either increasing or decreasing the selenium (Se) removal efficiency. Additionally, study on biofilm-Se interactions revealed the presence of either NO3- or SO42- influences the Se speciation, biogenic Se (Se0) levels and biomass activity. Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor operation with a gradual decrease in the influent pH from 7.0 to 5.5 showed a stable removal performance of NO3-, SO42- and SeO42-, before a 20% decrease in removal of all these components was observed at pH 5.0. Furthermore, long-term operation of the UASB reactor at pH 5.0 showed the enrichment of Geobacteraceae and Spirochaetaceae families, which were not detected at pH > 5.0.The second part of the study explored the effectiveness of different removal techniques for the treatment of SeO42- with co-contaminants. Comparing the SeO42- removal performance in the presence of SO42- in a biotrickling filter (BTF) and UASB reactor revealed that SO42- largely influenced the attached biofilm growth and increased SeO42- removal by > 200%. On the other hand, SeO42- removal was similar in the UASB reactor irrespective of the presence or absence of SO42-. Biomass characterization revealed the formation of spherical Se0 and poly-selenium sulfide in the biomass of both bioreactors. Addition of Ni in both bioreactors led to a decrease in SO42- and SeO42- removal performance by ~20-30%. Ni removal was > 80% in both bioreactors. Ni was removed via nickel sulfide precipitation. Evaluation of integrated process system for SeO42- and SO42- removal was conducted by coupling an ion exchange column (IX) and UASB bioreactor, using IX as either a pre-treatment (IX UASB) or post-treatment (UASB IX) unit for the bioreactor. The pre-treatment process scheme showed a better overall removal efficiency of 99% SO42- and 94% total Se reaching < 100 mg L-1 SO42-, < 0.3 mg Se L-1 total Se and < 0.02 mg Se L-1 dissolved Se in the effluent over 42 days of continuous operation
Kostrytsia, Anastasiia. "Bioengineering optimization and microbial characterization of elemental sulfur-fueled denitrifying biofilms Nitrate removal effectiveness of fluidized sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification biofilters for recirculating aquaculture systems (2015) Aquacultural Engineering, 68, pp. 10-18." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2188.
Full textNowadays, the increasing human population and limited water resources create a demand for sustainable wastewater treatment technologies. Chemically synthesized elemental sulfur (S0)-based denitrification is an effective and cost-efficient biotechnology for nitrate (NO3-) removal from organic-deficient wastewaters. However, the hydrophobic properties of S0 constrain its utilization for denitrification. Therefore, the goal of this project is to optimize the performance and explore the treatment mechanisms of S0-fueled denitrification in biofilm systems, through the investigation of NO3- removal, and the understanding of the associated microbial communities. To address the limitation of the chemically synthesized S0-driven denitrification applications, S0 solubilization prior to S0-driven denitrification was investigated in batch bioassays. The biokinetic experiments demonstrated that the achieved denitrification and denitritation rates were 20.9 and 10.7 mg N/L∙d, respectively. Microbiological analysis detected the presence of the Helicobacteraceae family onto S0 particles, that was likely responsible for the S0 solubilization. In addition, the model of microbially-catalyzed S0 hydrolysis and subsequent two-step denitrification was developed. The sensitivity analysis identified the dominance of the hydrolysis-related parameters, and suggested that microbially-catalyzed surface-based S0 hydrolysis is the rate-limiting step during chemically synthesized S0-driven denitrification.Autotrophic denitrification with biosulfur (ADBIOS), a by-product of biological gas desulfurization, was investigated in batch bioassays as an alternative technological solution for treating NO3- pollution in wastewaters. Significantly higher denitrification and denitritation biokinetics were obtained with biosulfur compared to chemically synthesized S0, with specific activities of 223.0 mg NO3--N/g VSS·d and 339.5 mg NO2--N/g VSS·d. The Thiobacillus, Moheibacter and Thermomonas genera were dominating the ADBIOS microbial community.Two duplicate moving-bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) with AnoxK1 (K1) and AnoxK Z-200 (Z-200) biofilm carriers were operated for 309 days. The effect of the nitrate loading rate (NLR) on the ADBIOS performance was studied by decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 72 to 21 h. The denitrification rates of 236 and 234 mg NO3--N/L·d were achieved at an HRT of 24 h for K1 and an HRT of 21 h for Z-200 carrier, respectively. Based on RNA analysis, the same active bacteria, belonging to Thiobacillus, Truepera, Flavobacterium and Hyphomonas genera, were dominating MBBRs with K1 and Z-200 carriers, but they varied in occurrence
Filali, Ahlem. "Analyse et modélisation du traitement de l'azote dans un procédé de granulation aérobie hydride." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0037/document.
Full textIn this work, the treatment of nutrients, especially that of nitrogen in aerobic granulation process was studied.The experimental approach has initially been intended to compare the stability and the physical and microbiological characteristics of aggregates developed in two reactors operating in alternating anaerobic / aerobic or anoxic / aerobic conditions. The presence of a pre-anoxic phase promoted the stabilization of nitrogen removal performances and especially those of nitrification. The development of a hybrid sludge process containing a fraction of flocs and granules was observed.In order to evaluate and quantify the influence of the simultaneous presence of flocs and granules in the nitrifying activity of the hybrid sludge developed in the alternating anoxic / aerobic conditions, the nitrification rate and oxygen limitation of flocs, granules and hybrid sludge was assessed using respirometric assays at different dissolved oxygen concentrations. The spatial distribution of nitrifying bacteria was investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results indicated that the presence of flocs with granules could increase the rate of nitrification to transitory reductions of aeration. On the other hand, the optimization of nitrogen removal requires the simultaneous control of the floc to granule ratio and granule size.Finally, a mathematical model to describe the reaction phenomena taking place in the hybrid biomass was developed. It was used in order to optimize the operation of the hybrid process through the evaluation of the effect of physical properties of biomass, specifically the ratio of granules and flocs in the reactor that can lead to efficient removal of nitrogen and increase the robustness of the process
Lahdhiri, Ameni. "Compréhension des processus biologiques dans les bioréacteurs à membrane : choix d'un outil simplifié de simulation et identification des critères déterminant le contrôle des processus." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS109.
Full textMembrane Bioreactors (MBR) as a combination of biological wastewater treatment and a membrane separation step, showed high performances for organic and nitrogen compounds removal. However, this technology has high running costs linked to energy consumption for aeration. The latter has to be provided for the biological activity and for the membrane scouring that reduces membrane fouling phenomena. In order to decrease these expenses, an MBR called autotrophic was set. It is marked by low organic loading rates due to a physicochemical treatment removing more than 60% of the initial organic matter amount. Mainly, the autotrophic MBR is dedicated to nitrogen removal that can be influenced by the shortage of the organic substrate, needed to achieve the denitrification process. The aim of this work is the investigation of the behavior of such system and the identification of most determining parameters. Experimental and modeling studies were carried out. Two steady state experimental campaigns were performed at different organic loading rates and solid retention times. They were followed by an experiment at transient state induced by the nitrogen loading rate rise. Obtained results proved that operation at a COD/N ratio as low as 4.5 did not hamper the denitrification efficiency. Those results were reinforced by a dynamic modeling study based on a model called ASM3s-SMP that was developed and calibrated using the experimental results. Membrane fouling analysis during experimental campaigns showed low fouling propensities compared to MBR operating at more common conditions (COD/N>10). The mechanical cleaning effect due to the addition of a granular material to the membrane module was found insignificant in the case of these operating conditions.A steady state modeling study helped determining mathematical expressions of different variables, yields and rates describing the system operation. After a validation step based on simulations with the use of the GPS-X®Hydromantis software, these expressions associated to different modeling approaches (simple model, ASM1 and ASM3) allowed pointing out the critical operating and kinetic criteria in addition to the minimum COD/N ratio required for a complete denitrification reaction
Schick, Joachim. "Traitement d'effluents aqueux pollués par des ions nitrate ou phosphate ou des hydrocarbures de type BTEX : utilisation d'une zéolithe naturelle modifiée (SMZ) ou de zéolithes synthétiques." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MULH3991.
Full textThis work concerns the environmental protection, specifically the treatment of aqueous effluents. Effluents containing nitrate and/or phosphate anions, responsible for the eutrophication phenomenon, and also toluene, which is commonly found in urban and industrial flows and natural waters, were specifically studied. The removal of these pollutants was performed on zeolitic materials. A large part of the experiments use a material potentially efficient to remove the three pollutants mentioned above, namely the SMZ ("Surfactant-Modified Zeolite"), conventionally prepared from a natural zeolite, clinoptilolite, and a surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA+). For nitrate removal, other SMZ, prepared from synthetic zeolites (LTA, FAU) and various organic species (surfactant or not) were less efficient than conventional SMZ except a new material prepared from zeolite MFI nanosheets and modified with HDTMA+ ion. The efficiency of the conventional SMZ for the phosphate ions uptake was compared with those of several calcic zeolites. Finally, removal of toluene was performed on four materials, conventional SMZ, an activated carbon and two hydrophobic zeolites, namely silicalite-1 and beta zeolite. Uptake experiments were conducted in batch-wise and fixed-bed column systems, the second representing a more realistic simulation of dynamic field condition The influence of the initial pollutant concentration, the liquid/solid ratio, the filtration rate, the presence of competitive species and the contact time was examined
Mirzaei, Peyman. "Préparation de matériaux d’électrode pour l’élimination et la valorisation de polluants azotés." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1106.
Full textPhysico-chemical and biological wastewater treatment technologies do not allow efficient nitrogen treatment since 40% is still discharged into rivers. The thesis concerns the development of new electrode materials for the conversion of nitrogenous pollutants (nitrates, urea) into recoverable (NH3, H2) or inert products (N2). The work consists in synthesizing composite materials made of mono or bimetallic nanoparticles acting as catalysts, dispersed in large surface area carbons. The ultra-divided shape increases the active surface and thus reduces the amount of metal. These products are characterized by Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, ICP and DRX analysis to describe their morphology, composition and structure. Electrochemical analytical studies are then carried out using a Cavity MicroElectrode to determine the electro-catalytic activity of the materials and access mechanistic aspects.The first part of the thesis concerned the electro-reduction of nitrates. Cu-Rh/C and Cu-Ni/C composites with different compositions were synthesized by a chemical method consisting of impregnating the carbon with metal salts and then reducing them with NaBH4 in the presence of a surfactant (CTAB). The particles are approximately 2 nm in diameter. These bimetals have higher currents than those obtained with monometallic particles. In particular, in the case of the Cu-Rh system, a "bi-functional" behavior has been demonstrated where copper reduces nitrates to nitrites and rhodium reduces nitrites to ammonia. Composite materials were then synthesized under the same conditions by using grafted carbon to control the dispersion and anchoring of nanoparticles. For this, the carbons are previously grafted by aryl groups with a substituent and then decorated with metal nanoparticles. The aim is to determine the optimal grafting conditions leading to the highest reactivity by controlling the thickness of the grafted organic films and the nature of the substituent (-SH, -NH2, -COOH). The second part of the thesis concerned the electro-oxidation of urea. This reaction is generally carried out on nickel-based materials and, according to the literature, the addition of a co-element makes it possible to modify the electrochemical properties (potential, intensity). A study on bimetallic composites Ni100-xMx / C with M = Co, Rh, Mn, Fe (according to the method described above) was conducted to determine the role of the different co-elements. Rhodium appeared as the element providing the best intensity and the best stability. A more complete study was then carried out by synthesizing Ni100-xRhx / C composites with different compositions through the reduction of metal ions under Ar/H2 in a furnace at moderate temperature (500°C). The electrochemical oxidation of urea is significantly improved by the addition of rhodium which induces a strong decrease in the nanoparticle size (from 15 nm for nickel to 2 nm for rhodium). This thesis work has shown the interest of using bimetallic catalysts dispersed in carbon matrices for the treatment of nitrogenous pollutants. It also confirms that the Cavity Microelectrode is a powerful tool for the study of powders thanks to the good resolution of electrochemical signals.The most interesting perspective of this work is to continue the study of urea electrocatalysis on Ni-M/C to be able to depollute urine while producing hydrogen at low cost for chemical storage of renewable electricity. It has enabled collaborations to be initiated with other laboratories and a water purification industrial company to treat urine collected separately
Lay-Son, Aguilera Meiling. "Epuration des eaux usées par lombrifiltration." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20019.
Full textFass, Sylvain. "Dénitrification des eaux en présence d'acides gras volatils." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0443_FASS.pdf.
Full textCariven, Bernard. "Dephosphoration des effluents par voie biologique." Toulouse, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAT0032.
Full textVernus, Emmanuel. "Etude d'un procédé électrochimique en vue du traitement d'effluents de petites collectivités." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0047.
Full textWithin the framework of small communities' waste-water treatment, the implementation of an electrochemical process for chlorine production has been investigated to determine its application potential. The electro-chlorination process has been compared to the chemical chlorination, first in the presence of ammonia and then in the presence of uracil specified as an organic standard. Reduction by iron of the electrolytic chlorine has been carried out with the purpose of simulation. The overall process has been proved to be effective as a seawater disinfecting treatment with only a slight impact on the composition of the seawater. Because of its operating advantages, and considering the composition of the water to be treated and the objectives of treatment, electro-chlorination is suitable for small communities' waste-water treatment. In conclusion and regarding the regulatory, economical and ecological situation, a number of modules can be recommended for the setting up of treatment plants
Moretti, Paul. "Performances, modélisation et limites d'un procédé à lit fluidisé associant culture libre et fixée (IFAS) pour le traitement du carbone et de l'azote des eaux résiduaires." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10214/document.
Full textMotivated by the increasingly demanding discharge consents and by the need to improve overall treatment capacity, water authorities are uninterruptedly examining better performing and more compact wastewater treatment technologies. Thanks to its compactness and to its capacity to treat both organic matter and nitrogen at an affordable cost, the IFAS process represents an attractive addition to improve retrofitting-activated sludge plants performance. The main objective of this thesis is to optimize IFAS process with regards to key operation parameters such as dimensioning, F/M ratio by combining experimental and mathematical modelling approaches. A 3 m3 pilot IFAS fed with raw wastewater was operated at the experimental hall of La Feyssine wastewater treatment plant, Villeurbanne, for a period of 2 years. The IFAS process was separated in 3 tanks to treat organic matter and total nitrogen separately (anoxic/aerobic, suspended/aerobic IFAS). The experimental study was divided in 7 periods with different steady state operation conditions each. The feasibility of nitrification at steady F/M ratios (between 0,1S to 0,30 kgBODS/kgMLVSS/d), at constant temperatures (between 10 - 22°C) and at different oxygen supply rates was investigated. TSS in mixed liquor were maintained at 2,3 gMLTSS/L and oxygen concentration between 2 to 6 mgO2/L. Biofilm mass and combined nitrification capacity of biofilm and mixed liquor (NPRmax) were measured on a weekly basis. The removal performance was up to 90% for nitrogen and carbon treatment with a maximal F/M ratio of 0,30 kgBODS/kgMLVSS/d between 16°C to 24 °C. The biofilm was able to nitrify 0,90 gN/m2/d (NPRmax) depending on the oxygen concentration in the mixed liquor (diffusional limitation). Under the operating conditions tested in this study, biofilm was responsible for 40 to 70% of NOx-N production in IFAS reactor during nitrification. Decreasing the MLSRT to less than 4 days limits the growth of autotrophic bacteria in the mixed liquor but does not halt it completely
El, Haité Halima. "Traitement des eaux usees par les reservoirs operationnels et reutilisation pour l’irrigation." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EMSE0569/document.
Full textBenslimane STEP is an aerated lagoons system followed by four operational tanks. The evolution of pollution parameters between input and output of the reservoirs, shows a removal of 60% for BOD5, 40% for COD, 48% for TSS and 98% for coliforms. Changes in concentrations of various pollution parameters under the same operating system and the same weather conditions is synchronous in the four reservoirs showing the same performance. The results of water quality along the reservoir's water column between 40 cm and 350 cm show an homogeneous column where all the reactions take place under aerobic conditions. These tanks can store and almost achieve a total microbiological purification of effluents. They are a solution to the arid and semi-arid areas for finishing of waste water and irrigation development
Le, Hyaric Ronan. "Caractérisation, traitabilité et valorisation des refus de dégrillage des stations d'épuration." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0087/these.pdf.
Full textOperations of pre-treatment of municipal wastewaters generate solid wastes such as sand or screenings. Due to their relatively small production, compared to sludge production, little attention has been paid to this type of waste. However, in one hand, increasing production may be expected as a consequence of technological evolutions requiring fine screening pre-treatments. In other hand, present methods of disposal, submitted to the constraints of waste regulations, are compromises. This assessment underlines the importance to investigate and propose alternative solutions for sustainable management of these wastes. The aim of this project is to identify and validate the most appropriate treatment lines for screenings. The research of new treatment lines requires a detailed and updated knowledge of the waste. This study initially strived to characterize the production of screenings by the implementation of several sampling campaigns in 5 WWTP in the region Rhone-Alpes. Further analysis conducted in the laboratory led to a qualitative characterization of these wastes, with particular consideration of their composition by categories of materials and the study of their organic matter. The characterization of screenings allowed us to select 4 treatments potentially adapted to the characteristics of the waste and objectives to reach. Each treatment was investigate with a "pilot-scale" experimentation to determine their technical performance. Finally, a study about the management of screenings, based on both technical and economical criteria, was performed by integrating the previously treatments investigated. This approach helped us to make hypothesis about available solutions for optimal management of screenings, according to treatments and methods of disposal considered
Badin, Anne-Laure. "Répartition et influence de la matière organique et des microorganismes sur l'agrégation et le relargage de polluants dans des sédiments issus de l'infiltration d'eaux pluviales urbaines." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0022/these.pdf.
Full textIn urban area, stormwater are often collected and infiltrated towards infiltration basin (IB). Then, contamination could be transferred from city to groundwater resources. This study provides pieces of answer to the following issue: are the deposited sediment at the surface of IB during stormwater infiltration a contamination source? By characterization of various sediment samplings, the sediment biological and physicochemical state was shown to change with the hydric status of the IB. Aggregation was particularly studied. Influences of Organic Matter (OM), microorganism and low water content in aggregation processes were underlined. Preferential distribution of high molecular weight organic compounds and Cyanobacteria inside aggregates were notably observed. By the study of the mobile fraction of sediments when water pass through, we have shown that the ability of contaminant to be leached from sediments changes with the biological and physicochemical characteristics of the sediment. Particles, heavy metals, organic compounds and bacteria were highly leached from moist sediment than from dry one. Results demonstrated that not only water content is influent but also the hydrologic former history: leaching from recently disturbed sediment is higher. This work suggests to consider the sedimentary layer at the surface of IB not only as contaminated material and potential source of contamination but also as nutrient-rich, microbial-biodiverse, young and with extreme living conditions material
Valat, Charlotte. "Développement d'outils biologiques pour le diagnostic environnemental." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EMSE0015.
Full textTo improve the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) management and detect the effects of pollutants according to their chemical and biological properties, two biological tools were developed in this thesis. The first tool is a luminescence-based test used to measure a new parameter ((ATP) / (ATP+ADP+AMP)), the Adenylic Charge (AC). The AC reflects the global biological activity (in the activated sludge). The results showed that the biodegradability of organic compounds as naphthalene, acetonitrile and their (acute) toxicity can be studied by the AC measurements. This parameter guarantees the follow-up of the WWTP disturbances. The AC can be used such as an alarm system in the WWTP framework management. The second more specific biologic tool was developed for the naphthalene (substance of priority interest (Directive 2000/60/CE)) and the product of its degradation (salicylic acid). This biosensor supplements the first tool and is applied to control polluted and treated waters. This biological sensor is composed of nah and sal operons responsible for the naphthalene degradation by P. Putida. The regulating sequences of interest were coupled with a reporter gene (eGFP), then, they are cloned and transfected in E. Coli DH5α. To improve the sensibility and to reduce the time measurement, several alternatives were envisaged (plasmid multicopy, modification of the molecular recognition system). The results showed a decrease in the time measurement and the basal level of the gene reporter expression