Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Eaux souterraines – Pollution – Vistrenque (France)'
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Bonnière, Antoine. "L'approche par multi-traçage géochimique, isotopique et organique comme outil d'étude de l'origine et du transfert des contaminants dans les eaux souterraines : Application à la nappe de la Vistrenque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nîmes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NIME0004.
Full textIn France, groundwater supports 65% of the drinking water supply. The increasing pressures of human activities lead to water pollution and the closure of water supply wells. The diversity of existing pollutants and the emergence of new contaminants require a comprehensive understanding of the functioning of groundwater bodies. The implementation of action plans by local authorities and resource managers requires identifying the origins of contaminants and defining vulnerable areas with precision. The objective of this work is to establish a multi-tracer approach on the Vistrenque aquifer (France, Gard), to study the origin and transfer of contaminants. Analyses include natural tracers of water origin (major, minor, and trace elements), stable isotopes of water molecules (δ18O/δ2H-H2O), stable nitrogen isotopes of nitrates δ15N/δ18O-NO3-, boron isotope δ11B, gadolinium (Gd), as well as a range of organic molecules including pesticides and pharmaceutical residues, serving as tracers themselves. Using this multi-tracer approach, it was possible to identify the origin of nitrates in water catchment areas where agricultural and urban nitrate sources overlap. Analysis of the isotopic signature in δ15N/δ18O-NO3- of easily mobilized nitrates in soils has proved to be an effective tool for characterizing nitrogen pollution in an agricultural context. The land parcels responsible for contamination were identified, based on the comparison of the isotopic signatures of soils and groundwater. In addition to agricultural contamination, the infiltration of an urban effluent plume from a wastewater treatment plant into the aquifer highlighted the importance of studying the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues and the vulnerability of aquifers to emerging contaminants. All these observations have laid the groundwork for extending this approach to other study areas, focusing on the operability of the geochemical, isotopic, and organic multi-tracer approach
Turin, Annie. "La pollution des eaux souterraines en Lorraine : le cas des nitrates." Nancy 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN21010.
Full textThe pollution of waters by the nitrates can have three origins: agricultural, industrial, domestic. It results from a main process, the mineralization of organic nitrogen, that is to say its transformation in soluble nitrogen. Because of different agents (climate, vegetation, etc) the nitrates are more or less drawled away to the phreatic sheets. In Lorraine, the analyses of underground waters show the irregular but general progression of the nitrates between 1976 and 1989. The examination of polluted areas will allow us to estimate the part of physical factor ( prheatic sheets vulnerability) and human factor ( nitrogenous throw ) in pollution phenomena
Darmendrail, Dominique. "Filtration géochimique de métaux lors de leur transfert d'une rivière vers une nappe alluviale : applications à la nappe des alluvions du Rhône (69) et de la Deule (59)." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30200.
Full textMoufti, Karima. "Pollution des eaux souterraines par les nitrates liée à l'agriculture : application dans le Vexin français." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10198.
Full textMalard, Florian. "Contribution à l'étude biologique de la qualité des eaux souterraines karstiques : application à un site atelier nord-montpelliérain (bassin de la source du Lez)." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10046.
Full textBuluku, Ekwakwa Nsie-Ley Emvan. "Influence de l'agriculture sur la qualité des eaux souterraines : cas des nappes phréatiques du Parc naturel régional du Lubéron (Vaucluse, France)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11017.
Full textBattino, Stéphanie. "Protection des ressources souterraines en eau potable : notions de périmétre de protection." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P112.
Full textMartin, Philippe. "Hydromorphologie des géosystèmes karstiques des versants Nord et Ouest de la Sainte Baume (Bouches-du-Rhône, Var ; France) : étude hydrologique, hydrochimique et de vulnérabilité à la pollution." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX23001.
Full textSainte Baume (Bouches du Rhône, Var ; France) is the most southern massif of lower carbonated Provence. Its structure results from resumption of south provencal overthrust by the tectonic major ponto-pilocene phase. Its complex geologic structures are cut at right angle by a fluviatile drainage s. N. This disposition determines a partition of underground drainage. Total outflow goes up to eight hundred litres per second and mean of major springs are modest. This massif includes all types of function as defined by A. Mangin. It is drained on three levels and according to three axes: n. Towards local springs; towards the oriental and occidental lower spring; towards sub-marine springs. Hydrochemical and bacteriological analyses show that these waters are of great quality. A relation between the springs altitude and the value of the exhaustion coefficient proves that underground and areal drainage cannot be dissociated. Morphological studies of fluviatile river basins show that their main dimensions are linked. As underground drainage cannot be analysed by a morphological study we have developed a more theoretical approach resting on the principles developed by thermodynamics of irreversible phenomena. Drainage structures thus have coherence which must guide all reconstitution: Sainte Baume which has undergone many changes in drainage orientation is an old karst. Ancient morphology continues to play a part in the actual hydrological function as this karst have never been subjected to major upheavals which would have excluded these ancient structures from the drainage pattern
Landru, Bruno. "Méthodologie d'étude de la mise en solution des nitrates d'origine agricole au sein des eaux souterraines (exemple des aquifères du Haut-Rhône)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE1A001.
Full textContamination study of agricultural nitrate in haut-rhone aquifer requires an evident multidisciplinarity approach in view of the important number of factors involved in this mechanism. Nitrate in groundwater usually results ofrom the combination of many climatic, agronomic, hydrological, hydrogeological and geological factors. The different situations come across, usually result from the importance of each factor. Such a study allows to determine the vulnerability of agricultural nitate contamination of each aquifer
Maurin, Yves. "Contribution à l'étude de l'hydrologie karstique des formations carbonatées de la bordure orientale des Grands Causses français." Montpellier 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON20212.
Full textHaroux, Christian. "Biogéochimie du manganèse dans les nappes aquifères libres du domaine rhodanien." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO11708.
Full textGiry, Géraldine. "Sorption de trois herbicides sur un sol limousin : influence de coadsorbats organiques." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0025.
Full textPollet, Ingrid. "Simulation numérique de la contamination de la nappe par le perchloroéthylène depuis un site industriel en bordure du piémont alsacien." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2004/POLLET_Ingrid_2004.pdf.
Full textA hydrodynamic model of the contaminated aquifer was built to study the groundwater contamination by percholoroethylen in the south west of Strasbourg. The studied domain stretches from piedmont to plain and covers an area of several hundreds of hectares. A relation between fluctuations of hydraulic conditions and piezometric levels was established to reproduce the groundwater behaviour in transient time. Then, dissolved pollutant transport was modelled with one-phase transport numerical model using velocities determined before. Simulations pointed out the influence of hydrodynamic properties of media and of boundaries conditions on the evolution of the dissolved plume. Otherwise, it seems the media description to be refined, particularly by considering a media more heterogeneous and by modelling dissolution of the pollutant in aqueous phase. A several-phases transport numerical model was also used to localise more precisely the pollutant phase in order to reproduce the percholoroethylen concentrations observed. This step is based on an analytical study realised to determine the vertical distribution of residual pollutant from concentrations and velocities profiles measured near the supposed source. This study ends in several heterogeneous sources trapped in the less permeable zones increasing considerably the treatment duration
Benabderraziq, Hind. "Modalités et processus de la contamination des eaux souterraines : application à la présence du sélénium dans la nappe de la craie (Nord de la France)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10018/document.
Full textIn north France, the concentration of selenium in the groundwater of the Turonian-Senonian chalk layers located in the south of Lille (Emmerin, Houplin -Ancoisne , the Ansereuilles and Salome) exceeds drinking-water limit of 10 µg/L and reaches 60 μg/L in some located small areas. The various lithological levels, except the Senonian chalk, contain natural selenium. The maximum measured values stand out in the Ypresian clay layer (4.87 mg/kg), alluvial clays (4.8 mg/kg) and sediments of rivers with important influence of anthropogenic origin (between 2.1 to 15.8 mg/kg). Selenium has a high affinity to the organic material. The soluble/exchangeable fraction is the most mobile selenium one. Strontium isotopes coupled with Ca/Sr and Mg/Sr and strontium isotopes ratios 87Sr/86Sr were used to identify the main groundwater bodies and theirs mixtures. Oxidizing or reducing environment conditions are controlled by the variations in the groundwater level which is influenced by the inter-annual and seasonal changes in the water and pumping process. However, each well field is characterized by its geological and hydro–geochemical conditions. The selenium may be mobilized through seepage (from the top), water levels variations (from the bottom), lateral transfers (interconnections between boreholes due to hydraulic gradients) and mixtures of water from surrounding areas
Illy, Valeureux Destin Toukanogo. "Application de la forensique environnementale à la discrimination de sources de pollution en nappe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BOR30027.
Full textLike countries with a long industrial past, soils and groundwater in France have been heavily contaminated by polluting compounds. On industrial sites, contaminants detected in water can come from several sources making the identification necessary for the assessment of contamination and the establishment of responsibilities for the management of pollution.However, when the contaminated aquifer has a very heterogeneous geological structure, it is impossible to accurately model underground flows and contaminant transport. As a result, it will also be impossible to precisely establish the average composition of a plume of contaminants emitted from a source area from the concentration data and groundwater flows alone. To this end, multidisciplinary approaches are necessary for a better characterization of the extent, age, and origin of contamination in a heterogeneous environment. These approaches combine historical information, measurements of concentrations, stable isotope ratios of contaminants and hydrogeological data, all analyzed using mathematical modeling tools. Such approaches provide the essential elements both for the determination of the risk and for possible legal disputes relating to the contamination.On two industrial sites of the company which co-finances the present research work, very low contamination of chlorinated solvents is regularly detected on drinking and industrial water catchments downstream of the sites. On each of these sites, several past or current activities coexist in the catchment supply basin and can give rise to the same contamination. The concerned aquifers are chalky with a very heterogeneous structure including in places cracks. In addition, the precise origins of the sources of pollution are unknown. Thus, the objective of the thesis is to use the multidisciplinary methods mentioned above to determine the proportion of water coming from each of the potential sources
Barrez, Frédéric. "Essais de caractérisation hydrochimique verticale de la nappe de la craie dans le secteur minier Carvin-Douai-Hénin Beaumont." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_304.pdf.
Full textRe-Bahaud, Jordan. "Apports d’une approche couplée physique et géochimie des eaux souterraines pour caractériser les fonctionnements hydrodynamiques transitoires. Cas de la plaine alluviale du Forez." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EMSE0666/document.
Full textThe Water Management Scheme in the Forez plain (France 42) has concluded to a degradation of the water resources and a serious pollution of the shallow aquifers by nitrogen and pesticides. These issues require a sustainable and balanced management of the water resources. A part of the water demand is met by groundwater. The exploited groundwater come from: shallow alluvial formations exploited for irrigation and drinking water and deep aquifers in sedimentary basin under the alluvium. Mineral waters from the deep aquifers are exploited for thermo-mineral activities and bottling.The analysis of the data available in the studied area revealed a lack of knowledge in the understanding of the groundwater flow in the shallow aquifers. Is not sufficient to explain how the water resource varies with time and the origin of the recharge of the shallow aquifers. As consequence, this thesis work will focus on these two main topics: - Identification of the transient functioning of the aquifers based on a physical characterization of groundwater flow. This method is based on piezometric head analysis carry out on 4 stations with continuous measurements and numerical modeling to compare with the observed piezometric fluctuations.- Identification of the origin of the recharge of the alluvial aquifers through a geochemical characterization of groundwater flow (major ions and isotopes δ180, δ2H, δ13C and A14C). This approach established the partial contribution of the deep aquifers to the groundwater flow in the shallow alluvium. This methodology based on a coupled geochemical and physical approach allows to assess the vulnerability of the studied aquifers and contributes to improve the future water resources management in this area
Naghi, Fadi El. "Contribution à l'étude de la pollution par micropolluants (atrazine, benzène) de la nappe de la craie dans le nord de la France : évaluation du risque de pollution des captages d'eau potable d'Étaples et de Blendecques (Pas de Calais)." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_276.pdf.
Full textA partir des résultats précédents et les caractéristiques du site d'Etaples qui présente une contamination en atrazine par utilisation plutôt urbaine qu'agricole, on a estimé les quantités probablement utilisées en se basant sur l'avis des experts ainsi que sur la bibliographie. Un modèle du bassin versant d'Etaples a ainsi été créé. En raison des limites du logiciel MODFLOW qui ne traite pas des problèmes de migration des pesticides, une approche inverse des phénomènes a été utilisée. Il parait de cette recherche que les modèles hydrodynamiques de nappe sont insuffisants pour simuler correctement le comportement de l 'atrazine dans son cheminement du sol vers la nappe, puis au sein de la nappe. Par approches numériques mettant en jeu une modélisation par Réseau de Neurones Artificielles (RNA) puis par correction graphique des résultats, on a pu mettre en évidence le phénomène de dégradation d'une grande partie de l'atrazine épandue, puis l'entraÎnement par lessivage en des pomts singuliers d'infiltration. La migration est donc rapide par cheminement dans le réseau de fissures de la craie à l'occasion de saturation temporaire de celui-ci. D'autre part, une étude de vulnérabilité de la nappe de la craie du bassin versant de l'Aa (Audomarois) est proposée pour des pollutions ponctuelles par un micropolluant type hydrocarbure (le Benzène), dans le but d 'aboutir à une optimisation de la protection des captages du SIDEN France et de la communaUlé d 'agglomération de Sain/-Omer à Blendecques
Feeny, Véronique. "Comportement d'un aquifère crayeux karstifié. Incidences des eaux d'origine agricole (surfaces cultivées) sur la ressource en eau du département de l'Eure." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES044.
Full textLacherez-Bastin, Sabine Maillot Henri Bernard Daniel. "Contribution à l'étude de la migration des nitrates dans le sol et la zone non saturée de la nappe de la craie dans le Nord de la France modélisation intégrée des nitrates dans le bassin versant de l'Escrebieux /." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/262.
Full textN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3695. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 183-191.
Khattabi, Hicham. "Intérêts de l'étude des paramètres hydrogéologiques et hydrobiologiques pour la compréhension du fonctionnement de la station de traitement des lixiviats de la décharge d'ordures ménágères d'Etueffont (Belfort, France)." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2024.
Full textBellier, Sandra. "Modélisation de la contamination nitrique de la nappe des calcaires de Champigny : Application à la protection des captages prioritaires de la fosse de Melun et de la basse vallée de l'Yerres." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0072.
Full textThis thesis focuses on modelling of the nitrogenous contamination in Champigny's limestone aquifer. This groundwater is a strategic resource for Ile-de-France drinking water supply where several well-fields have been identified as a priority. The coupling of an agronomic model (STICS) and a hydrogeological model (MODCOU) enables to simulate the transfer of nitrates through the hydrosystem resulting from agricultural practices.The implementation of MODCOU on the study area has required improvement of the software for better representing distinctive features of the hydrosystem. The application of this model from 1971 to 2011 shows the importance of exchanges between rivers and aquifers in order to capture aquifer functioning and particularly the behaviour of the well field's water supply basins identified in previous studies. To integrate these exchanges in the modelling of nitrogenous contamination, a module assessing concentrations in rivers has been developed for each catchment and enables to reproduce the evolution of contamination from the past to the present and subsequently realize forward-looking scenarios.The development of a specific methodology enabled to identify the most contributory areas for well-field supply. Results show that these areas are located essentially along streams and represent a little less than half of the area of the well field's water supply basins. The linking between the main recharge area and the transfer velocity enables to determine the most relevant priority action areas on which protective measures could be more specifically applied
Joigneaux, Emmanuelle. "Etat qualitatif des eaux de la nappe du val d'Orléans : impact du changement climatique et gestion durable de la ressource." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659583.
Full textChen, Ningxin. "Processus de transfert de l’eau et des contaminants agricoles dans la zone non saturée de la craie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS588.
Full textThe chalk aquifer is an important source of drinking water, and the quality of which has deteriorated in recent decades, due to the use of fertilizers and pesticides on the surface. Chalk is a heterogeneous medium because of its double porosity: matrix and fractures, and often covered by superficial formations. The purpose of this thesis is to characterize the transfer processes of water and contaminants in the unsaturated zone (UZ), and to understand how they are influenced by the properties of the UZ. This study is carried out on the underground quarry of Saint-Martin-le-Nœud. The chalk is covered by a layer of clay of varying thickness. The quarry is at the boundary between the UZ and the saturated zone (ZS) allows direct access to the ZNS. On the ceiling, the water percolates and in the lower parts watertable forms lakes. The hydrochemical and hydrodynamic properties of 16 sites (lake + percolation) were observed for several years. The study of the spatio-temporal variation of groundwater shows: water and contaminants are transferred mainly by the matrix (~1 m / year) with a part transferred by fractures (~100 m / year) and these transfer rates vary depending on the type of molecule (different between solute and organic molecule); the transfers are mainly results of the piston flow with a small part of direct transfer. Characteristics of the UZ’ effect on water and contaminants transfers and pesticide degradation: deeper water table has fewer contaminants; clay-with-flints promotes pesticide degradation by creating a perched sheet in the near surface; clay-with-flints accelerates the transfer of water and contaminants through preferential paths
Cave, Tiffanie. "Fonctionnement hydrodynamique du bassin tertiaire du Bas-Dauphiné entre la Drôme et la Varèze (Drôme et Isère, Sud-Est de la France) : Etude géochimique et isotopique." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818821.
Full textGigleux, Sylvain. "Modélisation du transfert des pesticides du sol jusqu'à l’aquifère : étude par approches de complexité croissante - site de Montreuil-sur-Epte." Thesis, Avignon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AVIG0043/document.
Full textThe continuum ground-vadose zone-aquifer is rarely studied in the modeling of pesticides because it requires elaborate tools and methodology. These tools may have variable levels of complexity, the simplest being the global model and most complex, the hydrogeological model of transport in 3D taking into account each compartment in detail. In this context, a modeling associating in a dynamic way, tools or specific methods to each compartment will be an interesting intermediate solution. A progressive approach of hydrodynamic modeling and transfer modeling of pesticides applied to the case of the Brévilles spring catchment in Montreuil-sur-Epte (Val d'Oise) has been carried out and provided a coupled model 1D / 2D taking into account the flow and transport in the ground, the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone
Lacherez-Bastin, Sabine. "Contribution à l'étude de la migration des nitrates dans le sol et la zone non saturée de la nappe de la craie dans le Nord de la France : modélisation intégrée des nitrates dans le bassin versant de l'Escrebieux." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Lacherez-Bastin.pdf.
Full textEn période sèche, l'écoulement se fait à 85 % par effet piston au sein de la matrice poreuse crayeuse, avec une vitesse de l'ordre de 0. 6 rn/an sous un recouvrement argileux supérieur à 5 m, 1. 0 rn/an sous un recouvrement limoneux et enfm 1. 25 m sous un recouvrement sableux. Dans des conditions de saturation importante, l'écoulement par les fissures peut venir égaler voire supplanter le mode d'écoulement par effet piston. Les vitesses de migration des nitrates sont " brusquement" accélérées, pendant une courte période, au droit de la zone fissurée. On observe en général un décalage de l'ordre de 5 m d'une fraction du front de pollution azotée par l'intermédiaire des fissures. La modélisation intégrée des cycles de l'eau et de l'azote au droit du bassin versant de l'Escrebieux montre que le module nitrates, que nous avons développé, restitue correctement les observations de terrain effectuées aux droit des différents piézomètres de suivi de la qualité de la nappe de la craie de ce bassin
Mohammed, Nabaz. "Investigating the behavior of alluvial systems, thanks to the classical, isotopic and emerging tracers : case study of the alluvial aquifer of the Allier River (Auvergne, France)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0033/document.
Full textHydrodynamic, hydrochemical (major ions, traces, pharmaceuticals and pesticides), and isotopic investigations (oxygen-18 and deuterium) were carried out on 19 points, including boreholes, piezometer, surface water, and springs from February 2011 to November 2012, to assess groundwater quality in the unconfined shallow alluvial aquifer of the Allier River (one of the main tributary of the Loire River). The study area, located near the city of Clermont-Ferrand (France), plays an important socio-economic role as the alluvial aquifer is the major source of drinking water for about 100 000 inhabitants. The objective of the project aims at understanding the functioning and the vulnerability of alluvial aquifers that occupy a pre-eminent position in the hydrogeologic landscape both for their economic role - production of drinking water and agricultural development - and for their ecological role. Moreover, this study also targets at determining the factors and processes controlling shallow groundwater quality and origin. The water circulates from the south, with a natural alimentation from the hills in the non-pumped part of the alluvial aquifer. In the pumping zone, this general behaviour is altered by the pumping that makes the water from the Allier River enter the system in a large proportion. Four end-members have been identified for the recharge of the alluvial groundwater: rainfall, Allier River, surrounding hills’ aquifer and the southern non-pumped part of the alluvial system. Results indicate that, despite the global Ca-HCO3 water type of the groundwater, spatial variations of physico-chemical parameters do exist in the study area. Ionic concentrations increase from the Allier River towards east due either to the increase in the residence time or a mixing with groundwater coming from the aquifer’s borders. Stable isotopes of the water molecule show the same results: boreholes close to the river bank are recharged by the Allier River (depleted values), while boreholes far from the river exhibit isotopic contents close to the values of hills’ spring or to the southern part of the alluvial aquifer, both recharged by local precipitation. One borehole (B65) does not follow this scheme of functioning and presents values attesting of a probable sealing of the Allier River banks. Based on these results, the contribution of each end-member has been calculated and the functioning of the alluvial system determined. According to this general scheme of functioning, origins of pollution (agricultural, urban) have been determined and clues to the protection of such hydrosystems defined
Bellier, Sandra. "Modélisation de la contamination nitrique de la nappe des calcaires de Champigny : Application à la protection des captages prioritaires de la fosse de Melun et de la basse vallée de l'Yerres." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00973876.
Full textShorieh, Amani. "Nouvelle approche d'estimation de la vulnérabilité des aquifères combinant le modèle DRASTIC et la sensibilité des sols à l'infiltration. Application à l'aquifère du Dogger dans l'interfluve Clain-Vienne, Poitou-Charentes, France." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2274.
Full textThe main objective of this PhD thesis is the optimization of a novel approach to estimate groundwater vulnerability using both the DRASTIC model and soil infiltration sensitivity. The model will be then applied to the Dogger aquifer of Poitiers, Center West France; to delineate areas that are more susceptible to contamination from anthropogenic sources. This is an important element for sensible resource management and land use planning.Poitou-Charentes, located in the Center-West of France, is a region where economy is mainly based on agriculture. It is made up of 4 Departments (Vienne, Charente, Charente Maritime, Deux-Sèvres) and is largely supplied by groundwater, both for consumption and irrigation. This resources thus vital to the region and its preservation is a major issue. The objective of this study is the determination of the roundwater quality in the Dogger aquifer of Poitiers (Vienne Department), which is the main water resource for his area in order to achieve a better understanding of the factors influencing groundwater mineralization. Sixty-six wells, distributed over the study area, were sampled and analyzed for major ions (Ca2+, M2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-). The hydrochemistry of groundwater is determined by both natural processes, and anthropogenic factors. Natural factors are dissolution of carbonate and dolomite minerals, and cation exchanges with clays, while anthropogenic factors are contaminant infiltration of wastewater and agricultural fertilizers. Nitrate is the main contaminant found in the groundwater and makes this resource unsuitable for consumption at some places.This study focuses, by the use of mapping, on the assessment of the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution in particular to the intrinsic vulnerability of unconfined aquifers. The DRASTIC method was considered the most basic vulnerability studies.In this study, we intend initially to implement the DRASTIC model, as it was developed by US-EPA. The results of application of DRASTIC will be discussed and validated against available knowledge on Dogger groundwater quality, and in particular nitrate levels. Secondly, the development of a new approach will be developed based on a combination of DRASTIC model and a concept recently developed by the Chamber of Agriculture of Vienne soil susceptibility to infiltration. The results showed that this new approach results in a vulnerability assessment of the aquifer is entirely consistent with the state of contamination of the well and integrates all the parameters (risk parameters intrinsic parameters) involved in transferring pollutants from the soil surface to the well.
Cruz, Justine Marie. "Etude de la contamination par les pesticides des milieux eau, air et sols : développement de nouveaux outils et application à l’estuaire de la Gironde." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0221/document.
Full textIntensive use of pesticides led to a widespread contamination of water, air and soils compartments. The present study focused on two main subjects, one based the ecodynamic of pesticides in Garonne River by characterization of sources, presence and outcome of these molecules and one other based on their transfer to air, water and soil compartments of a vineyard. Easy and fast methods of extractions were optimized although they were sensitive in order to be applied for mildly contaminated samples.Most quantified pesticides in Bordeaux wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) were diuron, imidaclopride and fipronil (≈ 50-100 ng.L-1). As treatments were not efficient to remove pesticides, effluents are a significant source for the Garonne River (daily discharge around 5 g). Even if major pesticides in Garonne River were metolachlor and its metabolites (≈ 10-800 ng.L-1) which showed spring peaks, typical WWTP pesticides were also quantified. Concentrations were lower (0,5 - 20 ng.L-1) and variable but they cannot be neglected as they can be highly toxic. Fipronil was for instance detected at concentrations sometimes exceeding its PNEC (0.77 ng.L-1).Vineyard soils were characterized by spring peaks of pesticides (50-1000 ng.g-1) that can be related to applications, like boscalid or azoxystrobine. Pesticides forbidden for a long time have also been detected, like diuron but in lower concentrations levels (ng.g-1) and less variable, that highlighted persistence of such molecule. Atmospheric compartment was also characterized by spring peaks than can be related to applications and molecule volatility, with the presence of folpet and chlorpyrifos-methyl. Pesticides non used by the vineyard were also detected such as metolachlor, which highleted the transport of such molecules. Forbidden (diuron), non-used (metolachlor) and currently used (boscalid) pesticides were detected in the aquifer
Philippe, Élodie. "Contribution à la modélisation du transfert des nitrates au travers de la zone non saturée à l'échelle régionale : application au bassin de la Seine." Phd thesis, Centre de géosciences (Fontainebleau, Seine et Marne), 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00622536.
Full textNitrate contaminations observed since the 1950s in hydrosystems are an important environmental issue. To meet the quality standards (Water Framework Directive), an understanding of their dynamics is thus necessary and requires modelling work. We focus on transfer modelling through the unsaturated zone between the soil and groundwater. This medium can indeed generate significant delays between surface contamination and impact on the quality of groundwater resources. We therefore firstly studied precisely these transfers through sensitivity analyses with a physically-based model. We have also assessed the impact of water table fluctuations on these transfers within this model. In the integrated model of hydrosystems Eau-dyssée, the approach used to simulate these transfers is deliberately simplified to reduce computation time and the number of required parameters. We propose an evaluation and an improvement of this approach that permitted us to obtain a better solute transfer dynamics compared to field observations. An application of the model at the regional scale of the Seine basin, has also highlight the problems with the initialization of groundwater nitrate concentrations before the beginnings of intensive agriculture. We therefore developed a method to obtain the evolution of the median groundwater nitrate concentrations in the three main aquifers of this basin (Oligocene, Eocene, Chalk)
Philippe, Élodie. "Contribution à la modélisation du transfert des nitrates au travers de la zone non saturée à l'échelle régionale : application au bassin de la Seine." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00622536.
Full textDu, Mingxuan. "Modélisation intégrée des écoulements souterrains et des échanges nappe-rivière dans la basse vallée du Var." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4107/document.
Full textGroundwater modeling with deterministic model is a complicated process, especially in complex aquiferswhere the quantity and the quality of the measuted data arc not satisfying. The unconfined alluvialaquifet is the main water resource in the lower valley of Vat river, Ftench Riviera, but it faces a thteat ofshortage and pollution. Despite numerous previous studies, the dynamics of the gtoundwater flow in thealluvial aquifer and the characteristics of the rivet-aquifer exchanges ¿re s':ll partially unknown.Therefore the local u/ater management service requires a decision support system PSS) based onnumerical models to ensure a better groundwater management. A hydraulic model is set up withFEFLO!ø software by considedng ptecþitation, evâpotranspiration, gtoundwatet exftacdon and rivetaquiferexchanges. The non-documented groundwater exttaction fot agticultural use and the transferrates in the dverbed along the river have been calibtated. The model has been validated with asimulation of 7266 days. The model is applied to simulate the scenarios of flood and drought events, thepollution events in the unconfined aquifer in the valley and the seawater inrusion in the estuary of Yarriver. These case studies contributes to increase the knowledge of the aquifet. A fust conception of theDSS tool is presented as the last example of model application. A coupling interface is developed thanksto aJava which enables an automatic exchange of data between the groundwater flow model and thesurface wâter flow model built with MII(E2ltr}'/. More tests should be done to validate the couplinginterface