Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Eaux de production'
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Rincon, Nancy. "Traitement anaérobie des eaux de production des champs pétroliers." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0032.
Full textThe anaerobic biodegradability of water separated from extracted crude oil-light, medium or heavy, both individually or mixed together - was studied in 3 types of reactor (batch, SBR, UASB). Water separated from extracted light crude showed good biodegradability whereas that of water separated out from other crudes or mixtures was poor. The poor levels of biodegradability recorded were attributable to the composition of the separated water and not to any toxic effect on the anaerobic sludges. To obtain optimal results with water separated from extracted light crude, and in the operating conditions prevailing here, the maximum loading rate should be less than 2. 5 kg COD/m3. D and the hydraulic retention time above 10 hours. Below 10 hours, excessive acidification and methanogenesis occur. The twinning of ozonization and methanisation did not result in improved biodegradability for water showing low methanisation potential. A rapidly calculated sizing for a UASB rector was carried out, based an a concrete example (storage zone of ULE), and compared to an aerobic treatment system : the aim here was to enable the PDVSA (Venezuelan Petroleum company) to carry out an economic study of both solutions
Villon, Nadine. "Traitement et valorisation des eaux usées de bassin d'élevage de poissons marins : système de recyclage et production planctonique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30013.
Full textDessi, Paolo. "Mesophilic and thermophilic biohydrogen and bioelectricity production from real and synthetic wastewaters." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2056/document.
Full textDark fermentation and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are two emerging technologies for biological conversion of the chemical energy of organic compounds into hydrogen (H2) and electricity, respectively. Due to kinetic and thermodynamic advantages, high temperature can be the key for increasing both dark fermentative H2 production and electricity production in MFCs. Therefore, this thesis focuses on delineating how temperature influences biological production of H2 and electricity from organic carbon-containing wastewaters. Two heat-treated inocula (fresh and digested activated sludge) were compared, for H2 production from xylose at 37, 55 and 70 °C. At both 37 and 55 °C, a higher H2 yield was achieved by the fresh than digested activated sludge, whereas a very low H2 yield was obtained by both inocula at 70 °C. Then, four different inoculum pretreatments (acidic, alkaline, heat and freezing shocks) were evaluated for creating an efficient mesophilic (37 °C) or thermophilic (55 °C) H2 producing community. Acidic and alkaline shocks selected known H2 producing microorganisms belonging to Clostridiaceae at the expenses of lactate producing bacteria, resulting in the highest H2 yield at 37 and 55 °C, respectively. Although a heat shock resulted in a low H2 yield in a single batch, H2 production by the heat-treated fresh activated sludge was shown to increase in the experiment with four consecutive batch cycles.Heat-treated fresh activated sludge was selected as inoculum for continuous H2 production from a xylose-containing synthetic wastewater in a mesophilic (37 °C) and a thermophilic (55-70 °C, increased stepwise) fluidized bed reactor (FBR). A higher H2 yield was obtained in the thermophilic than in the mesophilic FBR. Furthermore, H2 production at 70 °C, which failed in the earlier batch study, was successful in the FBR, with a stable yield of 1.2 mol H2 mol-1 xyloseadded. Operation temperature of 70 °C was also found optimal for H2 production from thermomechanical pulping (TMP) wastewater in a temperature gradient incubator assay.A RNA approach was used to study the structure and role of the anode-attached, membrane-attached and planktonic microbial communities in a mesophilic (37 °C) and a thermophilic (55 °C) two-chamber, xylose-fed MFC. An anode attached community dominated by Geobacteraceae sustained electricity production at 37 °C, whereas the establishment of methanogenic and H2 oxidizing microorganisms resulted in a low electricity production at 55 °C. However, the development of a thermophilic exoelectrogenic community can be promoted by applying a start-up strategy which includes imposing a negative potential to the anode and chemical inhibition of methanogens. A mesophilic exoelectrogenic community was also shown to produce electricity from TMP wastewater in an upflow MFC operated at 37 °C. In conclusion, a higher and more stable H2 yield can be achieved in thermophilic rather than mesophilic dark fermentation. Dark fermentation at 70 °C is particularly suitable for treatment of TMP wastewater as it is released at high temperature (50-80 °C) and could be treated on site. TMP wastewater can be also used as substrate for electricity production in mesophilic MFCs. Electricity production in thermophilic MFCs is feasible, but enrichment of thermophilic exoelectrogenic microorganisms may require a long start-up period
Karemangingo, Charles. "Évaluation des risques de pollution des eaux sous différents systèmes de production du maïs-grain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ36281.pdf.
Full textVaxelaire, Stéphane. "Action d'un traitement ultrasonore basse fréquence sur la qualité et la production de boues activées." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS023.
Full textReduction of excess sludge production is one of the major stakes of the 21st century; excess sludge treatment accounting up to 60 % of total cost of wastewater treatment. Low frequencies ultrasounds, by there mechanical actions on flocs, are a potential way of treatment for reduces this sludge flow. The treatment tests have been performed on a lab-scale pilot made of two parallel activated sludge systems. Low frequencies ultrasonic treatment (20 kHz sonotrode, SODEVA) is placed at level of the recycling of sludge of one of the two activated sludge systems and it is possible to treat only a fraction of recycling flow. Treatment tests realized on lab-scale pilot allowed reducing sludge production of 30 %, with an increase of sludge mineralization on the treated line; the fraction of volatile solids is reduce from 75 % to 60 %. Moreover no degradation of the quality of effluent is observed. The organic matter created, have been oxidized in the pilot. In addition a decrease of flocs' diameter is observed, just as it make soluble a parts of compounds captive in flocs. Many hypotheses can be done on the effects of ultrasonic treatment -The treatment make soluble a parts of organic matter, as consequence to recycling a parts of sludge into substrates, the conversion yield of substrates into sludge isn't of 100 %, so there is a reduction of sludge production -The treatment change the physicals characteristics of sludge by a mechanical effect : flocs size is reduce, so exchange surface is increased and sludge activity supported. Now modelling allows checking hypotheses and establishes that the second hypothesis is more realistic, unlike to the first, which cannot only explain sludge production reduction. However many other hypotheses on the ultrasonic treatment effects cannot currently be isolated. So it is necessary to continue study. Moreover, the promising results make it possible to plan tests on a semi-industrial scale pilot in order to optimise the system
Vourch, Mickaël. "Traitement d'eaux de procédés de laiterie : production d'eau réutilisable par opérations à membranes." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10112.
Full textPoinot, Thierry. "Contribution à l'identification des systèmes : - par une méthode de surparamétrisation - en traitement des eaux." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2252.
Full textDeleris, Stéphane. "Réduction de la production de boue lors du traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines : analyse du traitement combiné : ozonation et traitement biologique." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0038.
Full textElimination of excess sludge produced by biological wastewater treatment is an important issue of the next decade. Due to the constraints inherent to the current practices for sludge disposal, research efforts are focused on processes that reduce sludge production simultaneously to treating wastewater. The association of a chemical oxidation step (with ozone) with an activated sludge process can lead to a significant reduction of sludge production. Experimental and simulation approaches, were employed to analyse the main mechanisms of sludge production. Results showed the major influence of the accumulation of particular inert organic compounds coming from the influent and from the decay of biomass. Il ozonation treatment improves the biodegradability of those compounds, simulations confirms that total reduction of excess sludge production could be reached. Batch experiments of sludge ozonation show the solubilising effect if ozone and also demonstrate the biodegradability improvements of the solubilised matter and significant inactivation of biomass. The obtained results allow generation of a simulation model on the effect of ozone on sludge. Using this model combined with the existing biological model confirms the potential of the combined process. Continuous experiments at pilot scale confirm that the association of ozonation treatment with an activated sludge process allows total reduction of excess organic sludge production and also leads to the reduction of mineral sludge production. The optimization of the way of applying ozone (dosage, treatment frequency) appears to be a key point to guarantee the efficiency of the ozonation treatment. The obtained data show that ozone treatment lead to the production of non settleable refractory COD in the effluent. Significant improvements in sludge settling characteristics and conservation of nitrifying activity are also observed. The results of this work confirm the applicability of the combined process
Ketep, Francoise. "Piles à combustible microbiennes pour la production d'électricité couplée au traitement des eaux de l'industrie papetière." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872058.
Full textKetep, Françoise. "Piles à combustible microbiennes pour la production d'électricité couplée au traitement des eaux de l'industrie papetière." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI066/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to assess the feasibility of the microbial fuel cell technology for the production of electrical energy coupled with the treatment of pulp and paper effluents. The first part of work showed that various pulp and paper effluents are suitable to form efficient anodic biofilms. When the effluent was supplemented with acetate and the anode polarized between at -0.3 V/SCE, current densities of 12 A/m² and Coulombic efficiencies up to 90% were obtained. When effluents were provided as the sole substrate, current densities reached 6 A/m² and Coulombic efficiencies 30%, with COD removal around 50%. The optimal anodic biofilms were associated with associated with abiotic air cathodes to design complete microbial fuel cells. Power densities from 294 mW/m² to 596 mW/m² were obtained with two different effluents
Charrat, Michel. "Conception d'un outil de supervision de la production et de la distribution d'eau potable à Lyon en période courante et en période de crise." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0030.
Full text[The objective of this thesis is to define and to participate m the development of a tool aiding in the organisation of both the production and the distribution of drinking water during normal or unusual periods. This study has been mainly centralized on the check point control of the pumping and stocking of the drinking water distribution network of LYON and its near suburbs. The realization of such a tool is complex and requires to organise the conception process. The strategy aims to quantify the current unsatisfied actions by analysing, the possible gap between the goal obtained and the wished one. We can deduct from this analysis an overall solutions aiming at improving the existing system or to enriching it. ]
Pham, Minh Doan. "Oxydation par voie humide catalytique des eaux usées de la production d'huile d'olives : catalyseurs métaux nobles supportés." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10116.
Full textEl, Khiati Najat. "Les Characées (macroalgues) du Maroc : biotypologie dans les eaux continentales et production dans les Dayas (mares temporaires)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11119.
Full textREYNE, CORRADINI SANDRINE. "Modalites de production et de transfert de la pollution ponctuelle des elevages vers les eaux de surface." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NSARD031.
Full textIfrim, George Adrian. "Commande de procédés d'intérêt environnemental : traitement biologique des eaux usées et production de micro-algues en photobioréacteur." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=9cf9407e-55ba-4151-8eb6-69f95efc89ea.
Full textEl, Khiati Najat. "Les Characées (macroalgues) du Maroc biotypologie dans les eaux continentales et production dans les dayas (mares temporaires)." Grenoble : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375937790.
Full textPraderie, Matthieu. "Contribution à l'étude du traitement des eaux résiduaires urbaines par boues activées à membranes immergées : procédé BAMI." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT001G.
Full textLapinsonnière, Laure. "Contribution à l'évaluation et à l'optimisation des application des systèmes microbio-électrochimiques : traitement des eaux, production d'électricité, bioélectrosynthèse." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002645.
Full textCargouët, Maëlle. "Evaluation du potentiel estrogénique des eaux de surface de la région parisienne destinées à la production d'eau potable." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA114817.
Full textNombo-Mavoungou, Louis-Marie. "Production halieutique et développement économique, approche sous-régionale de mise en valeur des eaux du golfe de Guinée." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600050x.
Full textCamacho, Patricia. "Etude de procédés de réduction de la production de boues par couplage de traitements physique ou chimique et biologique." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0033.
Full textDue to the increased number of wastewater treatment plants, their higher efficiency and more stringent regulations, a great interest in techniques allowing for the minimisation of the sludge production without decreased quality effluent in the past years. The work presented here aims at investigating three of these different techniques. The sludge production of conventional biological wastewater treatment was studied. A sensitivity study with an activated sludge model was realised identify the determining parameters of sludge production which are yield conversion, decay rate and inert organic fraction. The performances of the disintegration techniques were studied to evaluate the specific potentialities in term of: reduction in the size of sludge particles which would enhance the organic matter biodegradability, biological cell inactivation, which is likely to increase maintenance requirements and/or cells decay rate and/or cells lysis. The contribution of the physico-chemical and biological processing of organic and mineral matter was then studied during continuous experiments carried out at the pilot scale. In this view, physico-chemical treatments of sludge were associated with wastewater biological treatment. The combination of the results obtained under discontinuous and continuous experiments results allowed for a partial analysis of the physico-chemical treatment action mechanisms. To reach a significant minimisation of sludge production, physical- or chemical- treatment should : increase the maintenance requirements, increase biodegradability of organic matter accumulated during the wastewater treatment, probably, modify the chemical structure
Bergé, Jean-Pascal. "Optimisation de la production en masse de Skeletonema costatum (Grev. ) Cleve, sur une eau souterraine salée en vue de sa valorisation : caractérisation des lipides et recherche de substances à activité biologique." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT2028.
Full textSaadaoui, Sirine. "Valorisation des extrêmophiles dans le traitement des effluents salins et la production d'énergie par des systèmes bioélectrochimiques microbiens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP008.
Full textThe textile industry generates large amounts of wastewater containing up to 80 g/L of NaCl and high concentrations of synthetic dyes. Azo dyes, which are toxic and persistent chemicals, are widely used in textile manufacturing. When discharged into water bodies, these dyes pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and can also have implications for human health. To address this issue, several conventional physico-chemical methods have been implemented. However, these methods are not widely adopted primarily due to their high cost, the secondary pollution they generate, and their high energy consumption. Other anaerobic biological treatments have also been explored, but they often involve long decomposition periods with incomplete degradation. Additionally, exposure of microorganism cells to highly concentrated salt solutions can lead to significant water loss through osmosis, resulting in dehydration and potential cell death.The main objective of this thesis is to combine two methods, biological and electrochemical, within a single unit called a bioelectrochemical system (BES) to treat saline textile wastewater loaded with refractory azo dyes while generating energy in the form of electricity. This BES is distinguished by the use of halothermophilic electroactive bacteria from extreme Tunisian environments, which form bioanodes capable of tolerating saline stress. Parameters affecting the performance of the BES have been optimized, including the inoculum source, the presence of a co-substrate and its concentration, the electrode material and surface, and the applied potential to the working electrode. These optimizations were initially carried out using synthetic wastewater before being validated with real industrial wastewater. The obtained bioanodes were subject to comparative analysis using electrochemical, microscopic, analytical, and molecular tools. Additionally, reaction media were also examined using analytical and molecular tools.With synthetic wastewater, a maximum current density of 5.2 A/m2, a decolorization rate of 100 %, and a COD removal rate of 96 % were achieved. Moreover, with real wastewater, a maximum current density of 5.2 A/m2 was observed simultaneously with a decolorization rate of 93 % and a COD removal rate of 70 %. Thus, for the first time, the bacterial species Orenia metallireducens was identified in different matrices of the BES fueled with synthetic wastewater. This discovery suggests promising prospects for the degradation of azo dyes
Mouneimne, Abdul Halim. "Valorisation biologique des résidus graisseux urbains par production de carbone bioassimilable (AGV) utilisable en traitement tertiaire des eaux usées." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20125.
Full textKhezami, Lotfi. "Production et caractérisation des charbons actifs à partir du bois et autres déchets végétaux : application en traitement des eaux." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1552.
Full textThe kinetics of cellulose pyrolysis were studied from thermogravimetric data. The kinetic model of Prout-Tomkins type is adapted to the pyrolysis of cellulose. The energy of activation corresponding to cellulose, lignin and xylan has been identified in dynamic mode. The activated carbon produced from wood and its basic components have been characterised by BET and adsorption from aqueous solution. Simultaneous measurements of DTA-TGA allowed to compare the heat of reaction and the decomposition rate of the wood components. Its Chemical activation by KOH and H3PO4 produce AC with height surface and adsorption capacity. Thermocompression confer to the wood a density two times larger than its initial density. Chemical activation with KOH results in a high surface area with a good adsorption capacity AC. The measurements of adsorption capacities of metal ions provide relevant results. The kinetics of the sorption process are found to follow the pseudo-second order law
Chassé, Raynald. "Aspects de la production primaire et secondaire dans les eaux hivernales de la partie amont du Fjord du Saguenay /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1988. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textBoileau, Marie-Ève. "Évaluation du potentiel d'utilisation d'une eau usée industrielle comme substrat de culture pour des microalgues d'eau douce dans une optique de production de biocarburants de 3e génération." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6068.
Full textRio, Sébastien. "Production de materiaux carbonés poreux à base de boue activée issue de station d'épuration : application en épuration d'effluents industriels." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2052.
Full textThis study is devoted to the adsorption processes involving new materials : carbonaceous porous sorbents from sewage sludge. Firstly, physico-chemical characterization of biological sludge and limed sludge collected at municipal wastewater treatment plant of Nantes-Tougas is carried out. Sludges develop very low specific surface area (~ 3 m2 g-1) and their structure is macroporous (97 % vol. ). Their surface is basic in nature. And, their high carbon content (40 % mass. ) confirm that sewage sludge constitute an adapted precursor for carbonaceous porous sorbent preparation. Then, two activation methods are studied and optimized using experimental design methodology: 1- a " chemical " activation process, by impregnation in 3 M H2SO4 aqueous solution during 6 h, followed by an activation under nitrogen atmosphere for 2 h at 700 ʿC ; 2- a " physical " activation process consisting in a carbonization step under nitrogen atmosphere at 600 ʿC for 1 h, followed by an oxidation using carbon dioxide (900ʿC, 0,5 h, 2,5 L min-1) or steam (800ʿC, 1,5 h, 2,5 L. Min-1). These activation process allow specific surface area of carbonaceous sorbents to be developed between 270 et 350 m2 g-1, corresponding to 500 to 700 m2 g-1 of carbon taking into account high ash content of resulting materials. Their porous structure is composed of both micro- and mesopores. Finally, The adsorptive properties of the sorbents made from sludge are estimated with regard of various pollutants representative of industrial pollution and compared with commercial activated carbon one. The adsorption capacities of organic micropollutants are proportional to their microporosity, between 90 and 150 mg. G-1 for VOC in gas phase and phenol in aqueous solution. Then, The important mesoporosity of the materials leads to interesting properties for macromolecules removal, like dyes (Qe = 175 - 200 mg. G1). Their surface functional groups and Ca2+ ions within the materials allow high metallic ions adsorption capacities of 140 mg g-1 to be obtained which are equivalent to those obtained with commercial activated carbon
Diaz, Altamira. "Procédés couplés - préozonation et traitement biologique aérobie en réacteur SBR - pour le traitement des eaux de production de l'extraction pétrolière." Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0014.
Full textThis manuscript is related to a study about the treatment of wastewater coming from the crude oil extraction industry in Venezuela and loaded with COD, phenolic compounds, hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HAP). Part of this wastewater is reinjected in the wells to support secondary recuperation, but huge amounts must finally be disposed-off to the environment and the efficiency of the current physical-chemical treatment method used (API settling) is not satisfactory. The first treatment method studied is a simple biological treatment using an aerobic SBR reactor. This gives satisfactory results with water from light oil extraction (EPPLG) and the volume load can be greater than 1 g COD/L/d. But for water issued from medium (EPPMY) or heavy oil (EPPLD) extraction, it is difficult to acclimate the sludge and thus difficulties are to be expected because of load shocks and, in addition, the Venezuelan standards for wastewater disposal - while much less severe than the French ones - cannot be met. This is the reason why a second treatment option has been studied: it includes a preozonation step in order to modify the chemical structure of the xenobiotic compounds and a further biological treatment. The results demonstrate that preozonation with a transferred dose about 500 mg O3/L - corresponding to a COD reduction of only about 500 mg COD/L - clearly increases the performance of the subsequent biological treatment step. In this case, for EPPMY and EPPLD wastewater, as well as for mixed water (EPPCL), the difficulties to acclimate the sludge are overstepped and the standards for wastewater disposal are more easily met, especially for phenols and hydrocarbons. As a conclusion, this option for a coupled process - preozonation followed by aerobical biological treatment in a SBR reactor - seems to provide a valid answer to the major environmental issue that Venezuela has to face with the disposal at the environment of production water from its oil extraction industry
Cesbron, Damien. "Caractérisation et analyse des compétitions lors de l action de l'ozone sur une boue : Implications pour un procédé de réduction de production de boue cominant traitement biologique et ozonation." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0040.
Full textDurieu, Michel. "Cycle biologique de Chaoborus flavicans (Diptera, Chaoboridae), valorisation de la production de biomasse en bassin de lagunage et optimisation en conditions expérimentales." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30291.
Full textDaagi, Wajdi. "L' encadrement juridique de la production et de la distribution de l'eau : l'exemple de la Corse." Corte, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CORT0020.
Full textWater is just as air essential for life. It is a necessary resource that knows multiple uses ,thus it becomes a source of conflict of interest both qualitative and quantitative. A question arises , moves does it to a "water war" ? This global problem is particularly visible in parts of the western Mediterranean hit by climatic events such as Corsica. Therefore, it seems interesting to study the application of national legal regime for the mangement of this resource. This idea of managing and preserving the resource "water", "collective heritage of the nation", through a balanced approach to both territorialy and gradually emerged nationnaly with the french laws of 1964, 1992 and 2006, changes already confirmed at European level in the Framework Directive dated 23 October 2000 "for a Community policy in the field of water". (. . . /. . . )
Murillo, Murillo Misael. "Caractérisation de l'effet d'un traitement au peroxyde d'hydrogène sur une boue : application à la réduction de la production de boue." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0039.
Full textIn the current context, the elimination ways of sludge resulting from the wastewater treatment are subjected to social, sanitary and lawful constraints. Coupled processes, associating several technologies to conventional biological processes, are currently studied to reduce this production. The chemical processes of oxidation, in particular ozonization, seem to generate a high reduction ratio of sludge production (RSP). Concerning this objective, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) only was little studied whereas it presents a priori some advantages compared to ozone. The aim of this study is the characterization and the analysis of the effect of H2O2 on the sludge matter, as well as the performances of the coupling of a peroxidation system to an activated sludge system. The action of H2O2, in a closed reactor, leads to a high rate solubilization of particulate organic matter (measured as Particulate Organic Carbon) which depends on the temperature, tested between 60°C and 95°C. More than 85% of the POC of digested sludge is solubilized at 95°C compared to 20% for activated sludge. At 95°C, some operating conditions (initial pH, addition mode of H2O2, addition of Fe 2+ like catalyst) were varied in order to determine the favorable conditions to a high rate of POC solubilization, maximizing the effectiveness of H2O2 action. These conditions are: initial pH 8 and addition in one shot. The iron addition has not a visible effect on the H2O2 effectiveness. A little solubilization ratio of mineral matter from sludge is observed. Surprisingly, the consumption ratio of H2O2 is always constant whatever the solubilization ratio and for all of tested operating conditions. Thus, in addition of solubilization reactions, a H2O2 consumption for competitive reactions exists. Hypotheses on the action mechanisms were proposed, given the many possible complex reactions with H2O2. The coupling chemical- biological treatments by H2O2, was carried out in open reactors. The characterization of sludge production at the time of the combined biological-H2O2 treatments made possible to observe a reproducible RSP of 50% compared to the sludge reference production for an amount of 0,45gH2O2/gVSS. A mineralization of sludge is observed confirming the preceding results. An existing model was adapted to represent the evolution of the variables of combined processes. With this model the concentrations in COD of the effluent and VSS of the basin of activation are correctly represented. Nevertheless, it will be necessary to validate this model for other amounts of H2O2. The economic analysis of the process shows that the cost of sludge not produced by using H2O2, is prohibitive taking into account the current cost of the elimination of sludge. An optimization of the amount of H2O2 used, operating temperature but also of the capital costs is necessary to consider this process on an industrial scale
Dupuis, Fabien. "L'européanisation des services publics de production et de distribution de l'eau : interrogations à partir des cas allemand, anglais, français." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020036.
Full textDurieux, Sidonie. "Contribution à l'étude des granules aérobies et à la production d'ALE : effets d'une charge organique élevée et de différents DCO/N." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ISAT0052.
Full textAerobic granular sludge allows multiple reactions and fast-settling among the same tank (Morgenroth et al., 1997). In addition, the potential valorization of ALE (alginate-like exopolymers) seems an interesting route for circular economy of wastewaters (van Leeuwen et al., 2018).Granular sludge processes are already used for domestic and industrial wastewaters treatment (Pronk et al., 2015). This thesis was interested in studying the possibility to valorize ALE from particular (industrial), highly loaded wastewaters. Viability of this valorization from highly loaded wastewaters was first ensured by studying granulation with high OLR (organic loading rate), various COD/N and low COD/P. Following, the impact of operating conditions on slow growers (phosphate- and glycogen-accumulating organisms, PAO and GAO), and their own impact on granulation have been studied. Finally, granulation and ALE production were monitored for high loading rates, that led to modification of operating conditions, in particular the food-to-microorganisms (F/M) ratio.The main objectives of this thesis were:- Get better knowledge on the granulation process under different COD/N ratio in the feeding.- Understand the dependence between the specific organic loading rate (or food/microorganism ratio (F/M)) and the ALE production rate.The approach was based on both experimental studies and modelling. Reactors used were semi-pilot of 17 L. They were operated as bubble column sequenced batch reactors (SBR) with an anaerobic/aerobic cycle. The granulation was obtained by progressive increase of the organic loading rate (OLR) from 1 to 3 kg COD/m3/d. The COD substrates were glucose, VFA (acetate and propionate) and peptone. Modelling was used to interpret the experimentally obtained results using the SUMO software from Dynamita.In the first chapter of this thesis the granulation under high and low COD/N was compared. Whereas granulation was successful for high COD/N, low COD/N led to deflocculation. Studying the microbial activity, it was observed that nitrifiers had been washed out, due to the high selection pressure. This nitrification loss led to an increased ammonium concentration and corresponding free ammonia concentration, causing deflocculation and microbial shift. Those effects were compared with effects of low COD/N on already obtained granules. Granules maintained, even under low COD/N, and could even be favorized.In the second chapter, the role of PAO and GAO in granulation, under high COD/P ratio, was also studied by comparing reactor with and without washout of those slow growers. The presence of PAO and GAO ensured anaerobic consumption of the COD. When they were washed out filamentous growth was observed at the same time as a sharp decrease of the anaerobic COD consumption and phosphates release, indicating the loss of PAO and GAO. A replicable shift of population was observed. Decreasing the selection pressure allowed the formation of granules, thanks to another microbial shift, which relied on completely different metabolisms as the anaerobic COD consumption never rose again. The results obtained were compared with simulation.Finally, the third chapter studied the impact of F/M (0.3 to 0.65 g CODS/g VSS/d) by increasing progressively the OLR, on the aerobic granular sludge system stability and evaluated the ALE production under these conditions. The high organic loading rate imposed a short SRT that led to a low ALE concentration among the obtained granules and the ALE concentration was observed to be correlated to the applied F/M.As a conclusion, different challenges to be faced for valorization of industrial wastewaters have been studied during this thesis, in order to bring new knowledge to better face them
Kremeur, Anne-Sophie. "Impact des propriétés biogéochimiques des eaux modales subtropicales sur la production primaire de l'océan Atlantique nord : Etude à partir d'un modèle idéalisé." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066058.
Full textFukaï, Eri. "Importance du picoplancton autotrophe dans la biomasse et la production primaire des eaux marines oligotrophes : Atlantique tropical oriental et mer des Sargasses." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066491.
Full textAl, Ali Saja. "Modélisation semi-distribuée de la production et du transfert des MES, HAPs et métaux dans les eaux urbaines de temps de pluie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1012/document.
Full textUrban runoff contamination is recognized as a major source of the deterioration of the quality of surface water. Commonly used stormwater quality models have poor performance in predicting the pollutant dynamics at the surface outlet, mainly due to the lack of precise knowledge on the governing processes and the difficulties of acquiring representative and continuous databases on real sites. The main purpose of this Ph.D. thesis is to improve the state of stormwater quality modeling. It aims in particular to develop a conceptual modeling tool for stormwater quality prediction at the scale of a city district catchment, based on a deep understanding of the build-up and the wash-off. The application of commonly used stormwater build-up/wash-off models to simulate the dynamics of total suspended solids (TSS) at the outlet of the road catchment suggests that the models poorly replicate the temporal variability of the TSS concentrations unless short periods are considered. The unpredictable nature of the accumulation is largely responsible for the model failure. The evaluation of the contribution of atmospheric dry deposition to stormwater loads for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals shows that atmospheric deposition is not a major source of contaminants in stormwater runoff. Thus, linking the air and water compartment in a modeling chain to have more accurate estimates of pollutant loads in stormwater runoff may not be relevant unless the direct traffic emissions are accounted for. The investigation of the wash-off process on elementary surfaces shows that the fine particles are the most likely to be mobilized and transported during a rainfall event. Stormwater samples were collected for this study using an innovative rainfall simulator that allows continuous, on-site monitoring of instantaneous flow and turbidity measurements and that can be easily transported and used on real sites. The new knowledge acquired on the build-up and wash-off processes underlines the great variability of these processes and calls into question their modeling with deterministic approaches. Hence, this knowledge is incorporated into developing a new conceptual stormwater quality model based on the stochastic drawing of event mean concentrations (EMC) of TSS and water quality parameters. The model is integrated within the hydrological model URBS. The application of this approach accounts for the spatial and temporal variability of pollutant emissions by distinguishing the contributions of each land use separately. The obtained results are promising in terms of estimating the concentration levels of TSS at the outlet of the city district catchment and replicating the general behavior of the TSS dynamics. However, improvements can be envisaged to consolidate the approach and improve its predictions. Comparison of this model with global empirical, semi-distributed conceptual and distributed physical modeling approaches shows that in terms of predictive power and stability, the stochastic-URBS and the physically distributed approaches are the most efficient. However, in terms of ease of implementation and best fit between observations and simulations, the global empirical and semi-distributed conceptual modeling approaches are the most powerful. This comparison shows that the perfect model that covers all aspects of stormwater quality modeling does not exist. The choice of the most appropriate modeling approach should mainly be driven by modeling objectives
Moreau, Christophe. "Des eaux souterraines salées en baie de Bourgneuf pour la production de microalgues en aquaculture : l'azote ammoniacal, le fer et le manganèse dissous, causes de la variabilité de la fertilité potentielle pour trois diatomées-tests." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT2039.
Full textGharsallah, Néji. "Mise au point d'un procédé de valorisation et de dépollution des eaux usées des huileries (margines) : production de protéines d'organismes unicellulaires par culture aérobie de levure : production de biogaz par fermentation anaérobie." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPI264.
Full textVincendeau, Marie-Laure. "Etude experimentale de la fertilite des eaux des milieux conchylicoles : influence de l'excretion des huitres et des palourdes sur la production des diatomees dominantes." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066661.
Full textVincendeau, Marie-Laure. "Etude expérimentale de la fertilité des eaux des milieux conchylicoles influence de l'excrétion des huitres et des palourdes sur la production des diatomées dominantes /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376106216.
Full textRoux, Elisa. "Développement d'un outil d'aide au diagnostic pour la production de maïs permettant la réduction de la consommation en eaux d'irrigation et en traitements phytosanitaires." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0032.
Full textMy thesis deals with the conception of a decision support tool, and particularly focuses on the aspectsrelative to machine learning and diagnosis. The first goal is to make it capable of selecting thebest scenario for the couple « date of sowing »/ « type of seed » taking in account the plots to diagnosecaracteristics with the aim of guiding the corn farmers practices. The second is goal is about the waterdiagnosis, set up in june, before the irrigation is started. This diagnosis aims at evaluating the waterneeds of large plots areas, with the purpose to anticipate demand and better allocate the water quantityprovided to the farmers. The LAMDA method has been chosen to realize the machine learning ; thisis a fuzzy logic based classification method. A new type of data has been integrated to the method toensure that the main factors that influence a plot yield are fully taken into account. In this process, themachine learning tools have been modelled, implemented, and tested in the order to correspond to thespecific needs of both parts of the project. The new type of data has been designed to be generic andallows a multilayer clustering to diagnose the complex systems. Multidimensional data coming fromvarious contexts are so able to be manage by the LAMDA method. The efficiency of this technique hasbeen assessed on the practical cases of the MAISEO project, but is intented to be apply to every researchfield in which the multivariate classification is used
Monnet, Fabien. "Tolerance a un exces de zinc et activite photosynthetique de lolium perenne infecte ou non par neotyphodium lolii; epuration des eaux residuaires urbaines associee a la production de plantes horticoles (doctorat environnement,biologie et physiologie vegetale)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF1MM24.
Full textCordier, Clémence. "L'ultrafiltration pour une meilleure maîtrise de la qualité de l'eau dans les écloseries et nurseries conchylicoles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0505.
Full textShellfish production is a leading economic activity on French coast. Hatcheries et nurseries which produce oyster spat to be sold to producers, offer an alternative way of breeding under controlled conditions with the possibility to monitor quality of in et out waters. Within those structures, water treatment is essential for adult oysters, larvae breedings et microalgae production. The aim of this work is to develop ultrafiltration for water treatment in those shellfish production facilities. The objectives are to remove pathogens et parasites from upstream water in order to protect animals et cultures et to treat effluents with the aim to inactivate non endemic biological material from concerned production area. Reliability et sustainability of ultrafiltration were checked at semi-industrial scale et validated for the matrices tested by an optimisation of operating conditions, cleanings et the use of air-backwashes. A biosecuring of breedings was obtained with (i) the protection of oysters from larvae stage to adults towards pathogenic agents (virus OsHV-1 et bacteria Vibrio aestuarianus) (ii) the retention of oyster gametes in effluents, potentially detrimental for marine biodiversity, (iii) the reuse of effluent within shellfish farms. Microalgae production was also improved with ultrafiltration suggesting the possibility of a technology transfer to industry
Ohanessian, Kelly. "Optimisation de filières de traitement des eaux résiduaires industrielles par couplage de procédés physico-chimiques, thermiques et biologiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0368.
Full textThe modeling, simulation and optimization of different industrial wastewater treatment processes using the process coupling method were studied in order to compare their purification performances and to evaluate the associated energy and economic expenses. Three effluents characteristic of the microelectronic industry have been selected as example. As a first step, a bibliographic study allowed to determine the input data for each of the streams studied (flow rates, composition) as well as the conventional treatment methods used. The conventional treatment processes for the three effluents were then simulated on ProSimPlus®. Depending on the available functionalities of the software (modules, components, thermodynamic model), some processes have been modeled and/or developed on physical, chemical and kinetic data from the literature. In a second step, new treatment streams were proposed for each of the effluents considered. New processes were modeled and then simulated on ProSimPlus®. Depending on the effluent considered, the different couplings refined the treatment thus allowing to reach the discharge limits set in a natural environment or in a sensitive zone to eutrophication, but also to reduce reagents and energy consumption, validating the interest of the couplings. Also, the valorization of by-products has resulted in a significant saving on investment costs
Bazus, Léa. "Étude des performances de filières et de traitements caractéristiques en production d’eaux potables vis-à-vis de résidus médicamenteux." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENCR0032.
Full textSoltandallal, Mohammad Médhi. "Contribution à l'étude de yersinia dans les eaux superficielles : Approche écologique, mise en évidence et purification de l'entérotoxine de Y. Enterocolitica." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10166.
Full textSarthou, Géraldine. "Géochimie du fer dans les eaux de surface océaniques en rapport avec la production primaire : étude de deux environnements contrastés : l'Océan Austral et la Mer Méditerranée." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30094.
Full textTabet, Karim. "Valorisation de co-produits agro-industriels pour la production de charbons actifs végétaux : Applications à la décoloration de sirops de sucres et au traitement des eaux." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1481.
Full textThe main objective of this work is the valorization and the minimization of agro-industrial byproducts of straw and bran for the manufacture of activated carbon (AC). After a lab-scale optimization allowing the selection of the activation/carbonization parameters, we have produced effective AC and specified the influence of the operating conditions on their porous structure. We used TGA to establish the role of the chemical agent in the development of porosity. While manufactliring AC in a pilot scale furnace, we established that the pyrolysis gases are essential to obtain well-developed porosity AC, and showed that CO2 is directly responsible for the development of porosity. Lastly, we established that sugar decolorization depends on the volume of the mesopores ranging between 4 nm and 12 Dm. By testing our AC in water treatment, we showed that the pesticides adsorption capacities are related to the microporous volume