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Academic literature on the topic 'Eau – Utilisation – Afrique du Sud'
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Journal articles on the topic "Eau – Utilisation – Afrique du Sud"
Cessou, Sabine. "L'Afrique du Sud, une jeune démocratie en crise." Études Tome 418, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.4183.0307.
Full textPourtier, Roland. "Ukraine-Afrique : la guerre enchevêtrée." Hérodote N° 190-191, no. 3 (September 25, 2023): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/her.190.0201.
Full textCocker, Femi, Jean Bosco Vodounou, and Jacob Yabi. "Cartographie du potentiel en eau souterraine de la basse vallée de l'Ouémé, sud-Bénin (Afrique de l'Ouest)." La Houille Blanche, no. 2 (April 2020): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2020018.
Full textSénéchal, Carole, and Rodrigue Ebata. "Le recrutement et l’utilisation des enfants comme soldats." Revue de la recherche juridique, no. 2 (March 27, 2024): 1139–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rjj.197.1139.
Full textDEFO, C., V. DANG MVONGO, A. NARE RAYIM WENDÉ, P. F. NGUEMA NGUEMA, B. EFON, A. L. KAMEGNE KAMTOH, and J. O. DOMDJANG. "Dynamiques de l’occupation des sols et leurs effets sur l’eau de surface du bassin versant de la Kienké, Sud Cameroun (Afrique centrale)." 7-8, no. 7-8 (August 22, 2022): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202207049.
Full textAffagnon, Qemal. "Tiktok: La Politique De Désinformation Sous Couvert Du Divertissement En Afrique." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 34, no. 2 (October 21, 2022): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v34.2.4675.
Full textMateo, Mathieu, and Sylvain Baize. "Les fièvres hémorragiques causées par les arénavirus : de récentes avancées vaccinales." médecine/sciences 39, no. 11 (November 2023): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2023162.
Full textAkoudjin, Massouroudini, Jean César, Appolinaire W. Kombassere, and Jérémy Bouyer. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle des insectes mangeurs de fruits utilisés comme bioindicateurs en Afrique de l'ouest." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 308, no. 308 (June 1, 2011): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2011.308.a20470.
Full textServat, É., J. E. Paturel, H. Lubès-Niel, B. Kouamé, J. M. Masson, M. Travaglio, and B. Marieu. "De différents aspects de la variabilité de la pluviométrie en Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale non sahélienne." Revue des sciences de l'eau 12, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705356ar.
Full textBourblanc, Magalie, and David Blanchon. "Gérer ou gouverner la ressource en eau ? Modélisation en temps réel et gestion de la pénurie au sein de la rivière Crocodile (Afrique du Sud)." Natures Sciences Sociétés 25, no. 2 (April 2017): 134–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2017022.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Eau – Utilisation – Afrique du Sud"
Mosetlhe, Thapelo Cornelius. "Contrôle de la pression sans modèle dans les réseau de distribution d'eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG073.
Full textManagement of water distribution networks (WDNs) is critical for the security of water resources. Climate variability increases the need to properly manage the available resources. A significant amount of water is lost in water supply systems in South Africa, and the quantity of these losses depends mostly on the pressure in the system. Therefore, pressure control in WDNs is one of the interventions commonly employed to improve the reliability and sustainability of the water supply. Excessive pressure in water supply systems (WSSs) increases water loss and pipe breakages, and the need for frequent repairs. On the other hand, inadequate pressure could lead to inward flows (infections) into the system and/or non-delivery of water to the end-user. This could lead to ill-health for the end-user and to socio-economic issues in the society.In general, the pressure control problem is addressed by installing pressure-reducing valves (PRVs) in WDNs and determining their appropriate settings. Various approaches have been proposed to determine the appropriate settings. Classical, optimal and advanced control schemes have been used. These methods rely on the accuracy of a model in order to precisely control a real WDN. Therefore, any variation between the parameters of a model and a real WDN could render a control scheme useless.This research project now proposes the utilisation of the reinforcement learning (RL) technique to control node pressures in WDNs. An emulator-based quadratic approximation of the hydraulic simulation is used as an environment interacting with the RL agent. From these interactions, the RL agent receives the data on current pressures and then proposes appropriate control settings of the PRVs. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with the conventional optimisation scheme that is commonly used for simulation cases. The results show that the proposed scheme can achieve the desired results, when compared to the benchmark optimisation procedure. However, unlike the optimisation procedure, the proposed scheme achieved the results without the numerical solution of the WDNs. Therefore, this scheme could be applicable in situations where the model of a network is not well defined
Blanchon, David. "L'espace hydraulique sud-africain : le partage des eaux /." Paris : Karthala, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb420019741.
Full textBibliogr. p. 265-290.
Blanchon, David. "Impacts environnementaux et enjeux territoriaux des transferts d'eau inter bassins en Afrique du Sud." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100134.
Full text8 major inter bassin tranfers (IBT) have transformed the Orange River into a "Plumbing system". This thesis shows that theses IBTs have been built mainly for political and geopolitical reasons during the Apartheid era. But there was no general planning and each project was discussed at the highest political level. These IBT have been highly criticised for the damages they cause on the river ecology. But the river was far to be in a pristine state when they were built in the 1970s : significant modifications in the river channel have been taking place at a local level, especially in the irrigated areas of the middle reaches. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that of IBT cannot be properly understood without considering their interaction with the environmental impacts of small weirs, levees and canals. It is also absolutely necessary to understand the regional settings in order to judge the spatial effects of IBTs. With the dismissal of apartheid in 1994, IBTs seem to be doomed. But il could be very difficult for the ANC government to buillt a new Orange river, combining environmental protection and economic development, without framing a inventive mangement strategy for IBTs
Houssay-Holzschuch, Myriam. "Le Territoire volé, une géographie culturelle des quartiers noirs de Cape Town (Afrique du Sud)." Phd thesis, Paris 4, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185377.
Full textLike other South African cities, Cape Town bears the mark of different ideologies: that of segregation and that of apartheid. A historical geography of greater Cape Town shows that they were legally embodied in urban space as soon as 1901, partly because of the influence of western urban planning theories. But the big townships will be developed only from 1948. A detailed study of each black township brings to light the characteristics of this specifically South African urban model, designed for social and political control of the blacks. Nevertheless, in landscapes that were forced upon them, black people managed to develop an original African and urban culture: this is demonstrated by a cultural geography of the townships and squatter camps. This culture includes some consciously chosen values - be they western or traditional - such as education, religion and solidarity for the middle class. Today, the political conditions have been deeply altered in South Africa. The post-apartheid city is appearing, shaped by the inheritances of apartheid, the inertia of space and the formation of new, racially mixed, neighborhoods. At the same time, the cape society is evolving
Cissé, Boubou. "Recouvrement des coûts et utilisation des services de santé dans les pays d'Afrique au Sud du Sahara : qu'en est-il de l'impact du paiement des soins de santé par les usagers ?" Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX24006.
Full textFurther to the 1980's financial crisis which has sorely stroked the developing countries, the establishment of the cost recovery scheme (user fees) has been proposed to these countries in 1985, and in practise demand from the World Bank from 1987. Since then, there has been many controversies about the impact of the introduction of user fees on access to health care and utilisation of health services. This thesis deals with the problematic of equity in the field of health in urban area. It's aim is to whether payment of health care by private individuals constitutes a source of inequity in the use and access of health care. It also presents the methodology and the results (resulting from empirical database) of a research on inequality in the distribution of health care use and expenditures in African countries, in order to better grasp some aspects of the nature and the extent of the problems that are facing the underprivileged groups and which separate them from the rich. With this intention, we analyse the socio-economic distribution service use of and expenditure of the households following a common and rigorous method of analysis and commune to all the sites, based on the concepts of vertical equity and horizontal equity and the calculation of indices based on the Lorenz curves, the whole drawn from the literature of tax economy
Aubriot, Julie. "Usages militants du droit à l'eau en Afrique du Sud : du projet Gcin'Amanzi à l'affaire Mazibuko." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1038/document.
Full textOrne-Gliemann, Maud. "Des représentations de la gestion locale de l'eau : étude des discours et représentations à l'oeuvre dans la mise en place de la réforme institutionnelle de l'eau en Afrique du Sud au sein de petits périmètres irrigués." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700898.
Full textLedevin, Morgane. "Les cherts Archéens de la ceinture de roches vertes de Barberton (3.5-3.2Ga), Afrique du Sud. Processus de formation et utilisation comme proxys paleo-environnementaux." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934460.
Full textMerdaci, Ouassila. "Changements climatiques au cours des 30 derniers mille ans en Afrique sud équatoriale (Tanzanie) par l'étude des pigments et phénols sédimentaires lacustres." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30079.
Full textYofe, Tirogo Justine. "Etude du fonctionnement hydrodynamique de l'aquifère sédimentaire du bassin du Kou au sud-ouest du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066194/document.
Full textWest Africa is prone to critical climate variability and since the 1970s has been experiencing a long period of drought whose impact on groundwater resources is little studied. This study focuses on the Kou catchment in Burkina Faso which holds a large groundwater resource that lies at the root of exceptional springs. This resource, essential to fulfill the populations’ needs, shows signs of depletion that raises a critical question: what is the share of climate and that of withdrawals in the depletion of the resource? To answer this question, we used statistical analysis methods and hydrogeological modeling. The statistical methods were applied to climatic, hydrometric and groundwater level time series to describe the groundwater’s response to climate forcing and to identify explanatory factors of the groundwater’s behaviour. The hydrogeological modeling overcame some of the statistical methods limitations by better heeding the spatial heterogeneity of the aquifer’s characteristics. Particularly, it revealed that pumping have significant impact on the resource. To sum up, rainfall deficits combined with growing pumping endanger the resource. Hence, sustainable management of the resource should be a critical issue to pay attention to