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Academic literature on the topic 'Eau – Pollution par les métaux lourds – Tunisie (nord)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eau – Pollution par les métaux lourds – Tunisie (nord)"
Ben, Ahmed Rabiâ. "Comportement des métaux lourds et de polluants associés aux processus sédimentaires de la lagune El Meleh de Slimène (Nord de la Tunisie)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/BEN_AHMED_Rabia_2008.pdf.
Full textThe lagoon El Meleh is a coastal lagoon opening on the golf of Tunis. It has a very significant ecological and biological value. However effluents poured in the lagoon in relation with anthropogenic activities contribute to a gradual degeneration of the site. The aim of this work is to identify anthropogenic impacts on waters and sediments also on compartments non studied before: interstitial waters, suspended matters and clay. Statistical and geochemical studies confirm what was suspected and clear on the site: a heavy metals contamination of the lagoon and especially of the South western zone. The main sources of pollution are purification station effluents, industrial wastes carried by the oued El Bey which were rejected on the lagoon for many years and agricultural activities practiced in the South and East of the lagoon. Sediments are contaminated with Ni and Zn. Contamination factor proves that Cu is also polluting and the pass is contaminated too. Cu and Ni are enriched in deep sediments. Zn and Ni present high values in the suspended matters of the lagoon. Interstitial waters present high values for Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr and As compared to surface waters. Study of heavy metals mobilisation proved that the most contaminating element is As, than Cr and Zn, than Ni and finally Cu
Achour, Yosra. "Etude de la mobilité des métaux (Pb, Zn, Cd) et des métalloïdes (As, Sb) dans les sols carbonatés contaminés par les rejets miniers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2022. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2022ORLE1041_va.pdf.
Full textThis thesis provides answers on the ecodynamics and phytoavailability of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in agricultural soils heavily contaminated by mining waste developed on a carbonated bedrock of northern Tunisia (Jebel Ressas (JRS), Jebel Hallouf (JH1) and Sidi Bouaoune (SB) in a semi-arid climate.The main contaminants in question are Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb which can respectively reach 185037 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 28,000 mg.kg-1 at (JH1), 1021 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 1,355 mg.kg-1 and 338 mg.kg-1 at (JH1).These soils are essentially made up of clays (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite), carbonates (calcite, dolomite, and hydrozincite), silicates (quartz and hemimorphite), and sulfates (barite and anglesite).The rhizospheric effect on the mobility of PTE has been investigated using kinetic test with a mixture of low molecular weight organic acids. The results showed an increase in the pH of the solution (initial pH 2.8) up to near neutrality, leading to the dissolution of carbonates. Our results suggest that the most extractable elements are Cd and Zn and to a lesser extent Pb. an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively, was observed. for metalloids (As and Sb) their extractibility was relatively low with the exception of the soils of Jebel Hallouf and Sidi Bouaouane, with an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively.For the determination of the forms of the PTE in soils, two methods of sequential extractions were applied (BCR and Maiz). Jointly, the total dissolved concentration in pore waters, the labile fraction (DGT probes) and the absorption by plants (barley and peas) were measured in order to study the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of two sites post-mining (Jebel Hallouf - Sidi Bouaouane and Jebel Ressas).Our résultats showed that the PTE in the mobile and mobilisable fraction(Maiz scheme) of the soils are low compared to their total concentrations. The BCR scheme revealed that most of the PTE are bound to the residual fraction with the exception of Zn at JRS which is much more concentrated in the exchangeable fraction. An exception was also observed for Pb in JH(1) and JH(2) soils where it was distributed evenly in the exchangeable, oxidizable and residual fractions, the percentage of which varies between 23 % and 32 %.The response of plants to these contaminants shows that peas and barley have accumulated TPE levels exceeding the levels absorbed by plants in control soils.Total dissolved concentrations soil power water as well as concentrations measured by DGT are not correlated with primary plant leaf content. This result is explained by the fact that the concentrations of PTE accumulated in the plants are higher than those available in the power waters and that the replenishment of the solid phase is practically negligible.The risk of transfer of PTE to water was studied by percolation in saturated conditions in soil columns reproducing the surface profile. A progressive decrease in the redox potential related to the concentration of organic carbon in the soil induced an increase in the mobility of arsenic probably related to the microbial reduction of iron oxides
Douez, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude de l'hydrodynamisme du littoral Nord-Pas-De-Calais : Recherche de traceurs et modélisation." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10054.
Full textDuquesne, Sabine. "Bioaccumulation métallique et métallothionéines chez trois espèces de poissons provenant du littoral Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10089.
Full textZangué, Adjia Henriette. "Adsorption des métaux lourds des eaux usées par les argiles alluviales de l'Extrême-Nord Cameroun." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0389.
Full textThe industrial and urban development increases the water pollution in Cameroon. It becomes imperative to develop inexpensive and easy to manage remediation methods. This work aimed at eliminating heavy metals (Cu2+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Cr3+) from water by adsorption on raw or heat treated clay. The alluvial clay sampled in the far North of Cameroon mainly contains smectite (46%), kaolinite (38%), interlayers (10%) and quartz (5%). The structural formulas are : (Si3,42Al0,58)(Al0,87Fe0,96Mg0,17)O10(OH)2(C+)0,75 for the smectite and Si2Al1,95Fe0,05O5(OH)4 for the kaolinite. The heavy metals cations fastly adsorb on raw clay, the temperature and the pH have not much influence on their adsorption. The clay affinity in relation to Cu2+, and Pb2+ is very strong whereas it is low for Hg2+, Cr3+. For the adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+ the proposed mechanisms are the cation exchange and the complexation while for the Hg2+, a mechanism of speciation is involved. The pellets obtained by thremic treatment of the clay above 500°C are stable in solution and they have a good capacity for heavy metals adsorption. Performances of the pellets are lower than those of raw clay, however, their use is easier since they do not need solid-liquid separation after adsorption
Zangué, Adjia Henriette. "Adsorption des métaux lourds des eaux usées par les argiles alluviales de l'Extrême-Nord Cameroun." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0389/document.
Full textThe industrial and urban development increases the water pollution in Cameroon. It becomes imperative to develop inexpensive and easy to manage remediation methods. This work aimed at eliminating heavy metals (Cu2+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Cr3+) from water by adsorption on raw or heat treated clay. The alluvial clay sampled in the far North of Cameroon mainly contains smectite (46%), kaolinite (38%), interlayers (10%) and quartz (5%). The structural formulas are : (Si3,42Al0,58)(Al0,87Fe0,96Mg0,17)O10(OH)2(C+)0,75 for the smectite and Si2Al1,95Fe0,05O5(OH)4 for the kaolinite. The heavy metals cations fastly adsorb on raw clay, the temperature and the pH have not much influence on their adsorption. The clay affinity in relation to Cu2+, and Pb2+ is very strong whereas it is low for Hg2+, Cr3+. For the adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+ the proposed mechanisms are the cation exchange and the complexation while for the Hg2+, a mechanism of speciation is involved. The pellets obtained by thremic treatment of the clay above 500°C are stable in solution and they have a good capacity for heavy metals adsorption. Performances of the pellets are lower than those of raw clay, however, their use is easier since they do not need solid-liquid separation after adsorption
Chbib, Chaza. "Pollution des sols et des eaux souterraines par les pesticides dans la région d’Akkar au nord du Liban : évaluation des risques sanitaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10110.
Full textAkkar is the second agricultural zone in Lebanon. Pesticides are intensely applied in agricultural activities, and the groundwater has been reported to be highly contaminated by some pesticides. Due to the absence of a public network for water distribution, groundwater is used as the main source for drinking water of local inhabitants. The present study focus firstly on the evaluation of groundwater and soil contamination by OCPs, OPPs and ONPs and by heavy metals in order to characterize the degree of contamination. Secondly, it is focusing on the risk assessment of pollution on the population of Akkar. High levels of pesticides were detected in many villages in Akkar plain groundwater. Similarly, high concentrations of OCPs were detected in agricultural soil. A huge difference between the contamination levels in cultivated area and tillage land. Moreover, a significant variation has been established between soil depth. Results showed that some prohibited pesticides are still currently used in Akkar. To complete the background of pollution, trace metallic element As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Cd have been studied. The results showed that soils are moderately polluted by Cd. In parallel, a health study was conducted, the prevalence of nervous disorders; birth defects; cancer and other chronic diseases were exceeded those values reported in other regions. A significant correlation has been established between wells water consumption and the appearance of some diseases.More researches could be realized to identify pesticides levels in human blood or urine. Also it will be necessary to manage pesticides use in this region to reduce their effects on human health