Journal articles: 'Eastern long-necked turtle'

1

Johnson, Robert. "Dystocia in an Injured Common Eastern Long-Necked Turtle (Chelodina longicollis)." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 9, no. 3 (September 2006): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2006.05.010.

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Santori, Claudia, Ricky-John Spencer, James U. Van Dyke, and Michael B. Thompson. "Road mortality of the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) along the Murray River, Australia: an assessment using citizen science." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17065.

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Turtles face a variety of threats (e.g. habitat destruction, introduced predators) that are pushing many species towards extinction. Vehicle collisions are one of the main causes of mortality of adult freshwater turtles. To conceptualise the level of threat that roads pose to Australians turtles, we analysed data gathered through the citizen science project TurtleSAT along the Murray River. We recorded 124 occurrences of turtle road mortality, which included all three local species (Chelodina expansa, Chelodina longicollis, and Emydura macquarii). Chelodina longicollis was the most commonly reported species killed on roads. We found that rain and time of year affect the likelihood of C. longicollis being killed on roads: increased turtle mortality is associated with rain events and is highest during the month of November, which coincides with their nesting season. Chelodina longicollis was most likely to be killed on the Hume Highway and roads around major urban centres; therefore, we recommend that governing bodies focus management practices and increase awareness at these locations. The degree of road mortality that we detected in this study requires mitigation, as it may contribute to the decline of C. longicollis along the Murray River.

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Burgin, Shelley, and Adrian Renshaw. "Epizoochory, Algae and the Australian Eastern Long-Necked Turtle Chelodina Longicollis (Shaw)." American Midland Naturalist 160, no. 1 (July 2008): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2008)160[61:eaatae]2.0.co;2.

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Graham, Terry, Arthur Georges, and Neil McElhinney. "Terrestrial Orientation by the Eastern Long-Necked Turtle, Chelodina longicollis, from Australia." Journal of Herpetology 30, no. 4 (December 1996): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565689.

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Chessman, Bruce C. "Slow and unsteady: growth of the Australian eastern long-necked turtle near the southern end of its natural range." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo18001.

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Knowledge of growth rates and maturation times of freshwater turtles is important in assessing population viability. I analysed growth of Australian eastern long-necked turtles (Chelodina longicollis) from individual capture–recapture records spanning periods of up to 17 years for a population in Gippsland, Victoria, close to the high-latitude end of the species’ natural range. Juvenile growth was rapid and similar among individuals but adult growth was usually slow, highly variable among individuals and erratic within individuals over time. In addition, asymptotic body lengths were disparate among individuals for both males and females. Von Bertalanffy growth models fitted separately to males plus unsexed juveniles and females plus unsexed juveniles performed better than logistic models but tended to underestimate growth rates for very small and very large turtles and overestimate growth for medium-sized individuals. Sexual maturity was estimated to be achieved at 10 years in males and 16 years in females, which is late compared with most estimates for other populations of C. longicollis and for other turtle species in south-eastern Australia. The high variability of individual growth in this population makes age estimation from body size unreliable beyond the first few years of life.

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Petrov, Kristen, Jessica Lewis, Natasha Malkiewicz, James U. Van Dyke, and Ricky-John Spencer. "Food abundance and diet variation in freshwater turtles from the mid-Murray River, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17060.

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Consumers usually respond to variations in prey availability by altering their foraging strategies. Generalist consumers forage on a diversity of resources and have greater potential to ‘switch’ their diet in response to fluctuations in prey availability, in comparison to specialist consumers. We aimed to determine how the diets of two specialist species (the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) and the broad-shelled turtle (Chelodina expansa) and the more generalist Murray River short-necked turtle (Emydura macquarii) respond to variation in habitat and prey availability. We trapped and stomach-flushed turtles, and compared their diets along with environmental variables (turbidity, macrophyte and filamentous green algae cover, and aquatic invertebrate diversity and abundance) at four wetlands in north-central Victoria. Diets of E. macquarii differed from those of both Chelodina species, which overlapped, across all four sites. However, samples sizes for the two Chelodina species were too small to compare among-wetland variation in diet. Dietary composition of E. macquarii was variable but did not differ statistically among sites. Emydura macquarii preferentially selected filamentous green algae at three of the four sites. Where filamentous green algae were rare, total food bolus volume was reduced and E. macquarii only partially replaced it with other food items, including other vegetation, wood, and animal prey. Many turtles at these sites also had empty stomachs. Thus, filamentous green algae may be a limiting food for E. macquarii. Although E. macquarii has previously been described as a generalist, it appears to have limited ability to replace filamentous green algae with other food items when filamentous green algae are rare.

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Schmidt, Daniel J., Brittany Brockett, Thomas Espinoza, Marilyn Connell, and Jane M. Hughes. "Complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered Mary River turtle (Elusor macrurus) and low mtDNA variation across the species' range." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 2 (2016): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16013.

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Elusor macrurus is an endangered short-necked turtle restricted to the Mary River catchment in south-eastern Queensland. Shotgun sequencing of genomic DNA was used to generate a complete mitochondrial genome sequence for E. macrurus using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The mitogenome is 16 499 base pairs (bp) long with 37 genes arranged in the typical vertebrate order and a relatively short 918-bp control region, which does not feature extensive tandem repeats as observed in some turtles. Primers were designed to amplify a 1270-bp region that includes 81% of the typically hypervariable control region. Two haplotypes were detected in a sample of 22 wild-caught individuals from eight sites across its natural range. The Mary River turtle is a species with low mtDNA nucleotide variability relative to other Chelidae. The combination of a very restricted distribution and dramatic reduction in population size due to exploitation for the pet trade are the conditions likely to have led to very low mtDNA variability in this endangered species.

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Howard, K., L. Beesley, K. Ward, and D. Stokeld. "Preliminary evidence suggests freshwater turtles respond positively to an environmental water delivery during drought." Australian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 5 (2016): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16076.

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Environmental flows (e-flows) are a common management tool to improve the health of flow-regulated river systems and their biota. The effect of e-flows on fish, waterbirds and vegetation has been assessed in Australia, but their influence on turtles remains largely unstudied. We opportunistically examined the effect of e-flows on the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis), a species that occupies ephemeral aquatic habitats, by measuring an index of abundance (catch per unit effort) and body condition before and after an environmental watering event that replenished a severely contracted creek in the mid-Murray region. We found that average body condition increased after watering. Abundance decreased markedly after watering, but the change was not statistically significant. While the causal inference of our study was limited by the opportunistic nature of our before-after experimental design, this study provides preliminary evidence that environmental flows may improve the health of turtles occupying ephemeral floodplain habitats. We encourage further research into the effect of e-flows on turtles to confirm the hypothesis that the increase in average body condition recorded in the current study was a function of e-flows.

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Chessman, Bruce C. "Declines of freshwater turtles associated with climatic drying in Australia." Wildlife Research 38, no. 8 (2011): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11108.

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Context While much attention has been paid to the effects of global temperature increases on the geographical ranges and phenologies of plants and animals, less is known about the impacts of climatically driven alteration of water regimes. Aims To assess how three species of freshwater turtle in Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin have responded to long-term decline in river flow and floodplain inundation due to climatic drying and water diversions. Methods Turtle populations were sampled in a section of the Murray River and its floodplain in 1976–82 following a wet period and in 2009–11 at the end of the most severe drought on record. Catch per unit effort, proportional abundance in different habitat types and population structure were assessed in both periods. Key results Catch per unit effort in baited hoop nets declined by 91% for the eastern snake-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) and 69% for the Murray turtle (Emydura macquarii), but did not change significantly for the broad-shelled turtle (Chelodina expansa). In addition, total catches from a range of sampling methods revealed a significantly reduced proportion of juvenile C. longicollis and E. macquarii in 2009–11, suggesting a fall in recruitment. Key conclusions The decline of C. longicollis was likely due mainly to drought-induced loss of critical floodplain habitat in the form of temporary water bodies, and that of E. macquarii to combined effects of drought and predation on recruitment. C. expansa seems to have fared better than the other two species because it is less vulnerable to nest predation than E. macquarii and better able than C. longicollis to find adequate nutrition in the permanent waters that remain during extended drought. Implications Declining water availability may be a widespread threat to freshwater turtles given predicted global impacts of climate change and water withdrawals on river flows. Understanding how each species uses particular habitats and how climatic and non-climatic threats interact would facilitate identification of vulnerable populations and planning of conservation actions.

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10

Chessman, Bruce C. "Freshwater turtle hatchlings that stay in the nest: strategists or prisoners?" Australian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17054.

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Hatchlings of several species of freshwater turtles have been reported to remain in subterranean nests for extended periods following hatching from the egg. It has been suggested that this delayed emergence, including overwintering in the nest in populations at temperate latitudes, is an evolved adaptation that enables hatchlings to enter the aquatic environment at the most propitious time for survival and growth. I monitored nests of a temperate-zone population of the freshwater Australian eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) for up to a year after nest construction in fine-grained soils adjacent to oxbow lakes and farm ponds. An estimated 84% of nests were preyed on, probably mainly by non-native red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), whereas hatchlings emerged from autumn to spring from an estimated 5% of nests. The remaining 11% of nests were neither preyed on nor had emergence by a year after nest construction. Live hatchlings were present in some nests with no emergence up to 10 months after nest construction, but substantial numbers of dead hatchlings were present beyond nine months. It therefore seems unlikely that emergence occurs more than a year after nest construction. Delayed emergence of this species in this environment appears less likely to be an adaptive strategy than to be a consequence of imprisonment in the nest by hard soil that is difficult for hatchlings to excavate.

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11

Stokeld, Danielle, Andrew J. Hamer, Rodney van der Ree, Vincent Pettigrove, and Graeme Gillespie. "Factors influencing occurrence of a freshwater turtle in an urban landscape: a resilient species?" Wildlife Research 41, no. 2 (2014): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13205.

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Context Species vary broadly in their ability to adapt to urbanisation. Freshwater turtles are vulnerable to the loss and degradation of terrestrial and aquatic habitat in urban environments. There have been few publications investigating impacts of urbanisation on freshwater turtles in Australia. Aims We investigated the effects of urbanisation on the distribution and abundance of the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) in greater Melbourne. Methods We examined occurrence and relative abundance of C. longicollis at 55 wetlands across an urban–rural gradient in relation to site- and landscape-level factors. Occupancy was modelled using the program PRESENCE, and incorporated landscape and habitat covariates. A negative binomial regression model was used to examine the influence of landscape and habitat factors on relative abundance by using WinBUGS. Key results C. longicollis occupied 85% of the 55 wetlands we surveyed, and we found no evidence that wetland occupancy was influenced by the variables we measured. However, relative abundance was highest at wetlands with low water conductivity and heavy metal pollution, and in wetlands furthest from rivers. Conclusions C. longicollis appears to be resilient to urbanisation and is likely to persist in urban landscapes, possibly because of the creation of new wetlands in Australian cities. However, long-term studies focussed on demographic parameters, or survivorship, may elucidate as yet undetected effects of urbanisation. Although no specific management recommendations may be necessary for C. longicollis in urban areas at this time, this species may be in decline in non-urban areas as a result of climatic changes and wetland drying. Implications Our findings suggest that caution is required before drawing generalised conclusions on the impacts of urbanisation on turtles, as the effects are likely to be species-specific, dependent on specific ecology and life-history requirements. Further studies are required to ascertain these relationships for a wider array of species and over longer time spans.

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12

Doody, J. Sean, John Roe, Phillip Mayes, and Lesley Ishiyama. "Telemetry tagging methods for some freshwater reptiles." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 4 (2009): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08158.

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Reptiles are often ignored or under-studied in freshwater systems. An understanding of their biology and thus their role in aquatic communities can be greatly advanced by studies using radio telemetry. In turn, the value of radio telemetry for research depends on the availability of suitable and reliable methods of attaching or implanting radio transmitters. The present study describes transmitter attachment and implantation techniques for selected freshwater reptiles, including the eastern and northern long-necked turtles (Chelodina longicollis and Chelodina rugosa, respectively), the pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta), Mertens’ water monitor (Varanus mertensi) and the water dragon (Physignathus lesueurii). The effectiveness of the methods for each species is described and the potential pitfalls and challenges of each method are discussed. The literature abounds with techniques for attachment and implantation techniques, and the methods used in the present study are not wholly novel. The aim, however, is to provide detailed summaries, in one paper, of effective methods for attachment and implantation of radio-tags for freshwater reptiles with a diversity of sizes, shapes and attachment surfaces. Despite the focus on Australian freshwater reptiles, these methods are applicable to aquatic reptiles worldwide.

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13

Ferronato, Bruno O., John H. Roe, and Arthur Georges. "First record of hatchling overwintering inside the natal nest of a chelid turtle." Australian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 4 (2015): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo15044.

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Hatchling overwintering inside the natal nest is a strategy used by several Northern Hemisphere species of freshwater turtles. We recorded hatchling overwintering in the nest by Chelodina longicollis (Chelidae) in south-eastern Australia, during three reproductive seasons. Hatchlings spent, on average, 320 days inside the nest from the date eggs were laid until emergence. Some nests were carefully opened adjacent to the nest plug, one during winter and one in spring, to confirm that eggs had hatched and were not in diapause, although we could not precisely confirm hatching dates. Despite our small sample size, we observed a dichotomous overwintering strategy, with hatchlings from one nest emerging in autumn and spending their first winter in the aquatic environment, and hatchlings from three nests overwintering in the nest and emerging in spring. These findings expand the phylogenetic range of turtles exhibiting hatchling overwintering behaviour. Future research should evaluate whether this strategy is widespread among other long-necked turtles in temperate regions and examine physiological mechanisms involved in coping with winter temperatures.

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14

Robley, Alan, Katie Howard, Michael Lindeman, Rhet Cameron, Andrew Jardine, and David Hiscock. "The effectiveness of short-term fox control in protecting a seasonally vulnerable species, the Eastern Long-necked Turtle (Chelodina longicollis)." Ecological Management & Restoration 17, no. 1 (January 2016): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12199.

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15

Palmer-Allen, M., F. Beynon, and a. Georges. "Hatchling Sex Ratios are Independent of Temperature in Field Nests of the Long-necked Turtle, Chelodina longicollis (Testudinata : Chelidae)." Wildlife Research 18, no. 2 (1991): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910225.

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Eastern long-necked turtles, Chelodina longicollis, are known to lack heteromorphic sex chromosomes and to lack temperature-dependent sex determination when incubated under constant conditions. This study determined whether sex ratios of hatchlings emerging from natural nests of C. longicollis were different from that expected from constant temperature experiments. Temperatures in the eight nests monitored varied considerably each day (by 1.7-12.6�C), with eggs at the top of the nest experiencing the greatest variation (mean range 9.0�C) and eggs at the bottom experiencing least variation (mean range 5.3�C). Temperatures experienced by the top and bottom eggs differed by as much as 5.7�C at any one time. No monotonic seasonal trend was evident, but rainfall caused a sharp drop in nest temperatures. Sex ratios in hatchlings from 14 field nests of C. longicollis did not differ significantly from 1:1, a result in agreement with previous studies conducted at constant incubation temperatures in the laboratory.

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Hodges, K., S. Donnellan, and A. Georges. "Significant genetic structure despite high vagility revealed through mitochondrial phylogeography of an Australian freshwater turtle (Chelodina longicollis)." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 11 (2015): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14102.

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Restriction to the freshwater environment plays a dominant role in the population genetic structure of freshwater fauna. In taxa with adaptations for terrestriality, however, the restrictions on dispersal imposed by drainage divides may be overcome. We investigate the mitochondrial phylogeographic structure of the eastern long-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis), a widespread Australian freshwater obligate with strong overland dispersa\l capacity and specific adaptations to terrestriality. We predict that such characteristics make this freshwater species a strong candidate to test how life-history traits can drive gene flow and interbasin connectivity, overriding the constraining effects imposed by hydrological boundaries. Contrary to expectations, and similar to low-vagility freshwater vertebrates, we found two ancient mitochondrial haplogroups with clear east–west geographic partitioning either side of the Great Dividing Range. Each haplogroup is characterised by complex genetic structure, demographically stable subpopulations, and signals of isolation by distance. This pattern is overlaid with signatures of recent gene flow, likely facilitated by late Pleistocene and ongoing anthropogenic landscape change. We demonstrate that the divergent effects of landscape history can overwhelm the homogenising effects of life-history traits that connect populations, even in a highly vagile species.

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McGlashan, Jessica K., Fiona K. Loudon, Michael B. Thompson, and Ricky-John Spencer. "Hatching behavior of eastern long-necked turtles ( Chelodina longicollis ): The influence of asynchronous environments on embryonic heart rate and phenotype." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 188 (October 2015): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.06.018.

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18

Ryan, Michelle M., Shelley Burgin, and Ian Wright. "Effects of Wetland Water Source on a Population of the Australian Eastern Long-Necked Turtle Chelodina longicollis." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 226, no. 12 (November 12, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2658-1.

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19

Taylor, Emily, Darren J. Trott, Benjamin Kimble, Shangzhe Xie, Merran Govendir, and David J. McLelland. "Pharmacokinetic profile of a single dose of an oral pradofloxacin suspension administered to eastern long‐necked turtles ( Chelodina longicollis )." Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, November 30, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12933.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Eastern long-necked turtle'

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