Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Eastern Indonesia'
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Samely, Ursula. "Kedang (Eastern Indonesia), some aspects of its grammar /." Hamburg : H. Buske, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37019935v.
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Noach-Patty, Maria Agustina. "Gender, development and social change in Rote, eastern Indonesia." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5880.
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This thesis explores gender relations in the island of Rote in Indonesia. It examines Rotenese social organization and the role of women in development. In this case the researcher is of the same culture of the people being studied: the analysis is derived from social science informed by local knowledge. The thesis argues that gender relations among the Rotenese have a complementary nature. Rotenese society and culture have been subjected to many dualistically inclined interpretations. In this analysis of Rotenese social organization dualism is shown to be fundamental to all aspects of Rotenese life. Gender relations, therefore, are discussed in terms of a binary category. It is impossible to study women in isolation from men because in the Rotenese cultural context they function as a pair. This dualism, which at first sight gives a sense of opposition between male and female, and between 'outer house' (male) and 'inner house' (female) domains, is revealed on closer examination as a complementary relationship, in which the two halves, men and women, make a complete whole. The main themes considered in this thesis are as follows: (i) The political system of Rote from the colonial past to the present is discussed by reference to its dualistic orientation. (ii) Kinship is examined in terms of male descent and female affiliation. A closer examination of the Rotenese marriage transactions reveals the high status of women. (iii) The gender division of work in the 'inner house' is described in detail as a female domain. It is then shown that there is a blurring of the boundary between the 'inner house and the 'outer house'. (iv) The gender division of work in the 'outer house' is described as a male domain, but in response to development, there is an increasing participation of women in this male domain. (v) The combination of national development and Indonesian nation-building also influences gender relations in Rote, and this is considered together with the role of Rotenese women in development. Finally, it is stressed that the analyst's evaluation of male and female contributions to the family is not necessarily the way Rotenese perceive or make sense of their gender relations.
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Leith, Jennifer G. "Representation, resources and resettlement as development in eastern Indonesia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365161.
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Forde, Emily Jane. "The geochemistry of the neogene Halmahera arc, Eastern Indonesia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270141.
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The Halmahera arc is a north-south linear intraoceanic arc cutting across the islands of Halmahera and Bacan in NE Indonesia. The arc is the result of the eastward subduction of the Molucca Sea Plate, accommodating the westward movement of the Pacific and Philippine Sea Plates (PSP) against the Eurasian margin. To the south of the Halmahera arc is a major left-lateral strike-slip fault system: the Sorong Fault Zone (SFZ), which separates the northward movement of Australia from the westward movement of the PSP. This plate boundary has been stable throughout the Neogene to the present day, and has been responsible for the transfer of continental fragments from the Australian margin into the southern Molucca Sea region. K/Ar dating has revealed the migration of volcanism along the length of the Halmahera arc from south to north. The oldest volcanics (ca. 11 Ma) are from Obi, the southernmost island in the region, where volcanism is now extinct. Moving north into Bacan, ages range from 7 Ma to the Quaternary, whereas in central Halmahera they range from 6-2 Ma. The present-day arc currently lies to the west of central Halmahera and stretches up the north-west arm of the island. On the basis of spatial, temporal and geochemical variations a possible seven Neogene volcanic centres can be distinguished along the length of the arc. Major element, trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb-O isotopic analyses reveal a wide diversity in geochemical characteristics between the centres. This is due to heterogeneity within the arc mantle wedge, the type of arc crust through which the volcanics were erupted and variations in contribution to the mantle wedge from a subducted component. Volcanic rocks from Obi, central Halmahera and north Bacan display geochemical characteristics typical of intraoceanic arc lavas. The lack of a continental component within these centres enables a greater understanding of the variety of processes and source components affecting arc magmatism in this region. Similarities in certain incompatible trace element characteristics between volcanic rocks of the Mariana and Halmahera arc suggest both arcs are products of a variably depleted mantle beneath the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP). Pb isotopic data from the Halmahera arc, combined with data from back-arc basaltic rocks from the PSP, suggests an I-MORB-type mantle wedge exists beneath this plate and hence that it was once part of the Indo- Australian plate. Volcanic rocks from west and south Bacan lie outside the isotopic ranges displayed by lavas from Obi, north Bacan and Halmahera, reaching extreme Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic ratios consistent with the assimilation of a continental component. Isotopic analyses of Permo-Triassic granitic material, found exposed in the Sula- Banggai islands, New Guinea margin, and Queensland, NE Australia, indicate that this is the most likely contaminant of volcanic rocks in the south Bacan region. In contrast, volcanic rocks from west Bacan are contaminated with a component similar in isotopic composition to highly metamorphosed rocks found exposed in the Sibela Mountains, south Bacan. The geochemical signature and age of the Halmahera arc lavas has implications for the arrival and movement of continental crust in the region. Combined with stratigraphic and tectonic knowledge of the region this study has been used to construct a possible model for the development of the Halmahera arc. The contaminated signature of the Bacan Neogene volcanic rocks supports the hypothesis of overthrusting of ophiolitic and continental material, derived from the PSP and Australian plates respectively, due to collision between the Australian continent and a PSP arc during the Early Miocene. This initiated the development of the Sorong Fault Zone, which was responsible for the recent movement of these 'terranes' into the southern Molucca Sea region.
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Richardson, Adrian Nicholas. "Lithospheric structure and dynamics of the Banda Arc, Eastern Indonesia." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319518.
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Rose, Graham. "Late Triassic and early Jurassic radiolarians from Timor, eastern Indonesia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283443.
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Godschalk, Jan Anthonie. "Sela Valley : an ethnography of a Mek society in the Eastern Highlands, Irian Jaya, Indonesia /." Amsterdam : Vrije Universiteit, 1993. http://www.papuaweb.org/dlib/s123/godschalk/00.pdf.
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Thesis (doctoral)--Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam, 1993.Basic text in English; partial t.p. in Dutch; summaries in English, Dutch, and Una. "Stellingen" laid in. Includes bibliographical references (p. [157]-164) and index. Also issued online.
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Miller, Alyssa. "Urban neighborhoods and environmental management: case studies from Ambom, Eastern Indonesia." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6901.
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This work addresses the subject area of global urbanization and its linked environmental and social consequences, a relatively recent focus within the larger geographic tradition of investigating interrelationships between people and their environments. The research site is a rapidly urbanizing market center on a small tropical island of Indonesia, where conditions evoke particular concerns for not only human survival but also for related issues of coastal management, marine biodiversity and the sustainability of island urbanization. Recent urban growth has brought severe environmental deterioration to the city of Ambon and its surrounds, while local government remains unable to keep up with the infrastructure and service needs of its predominantly low income population. Taking its impetus from political ecology and employing auxiliary concepts on practice from theorist Pierre Bourdieu and from network theory, this work enfolds political-economic and social analyses of urbanization processes within an investigation of local environmental problems and local agency. Focused primarily at the micro-level of the household and neighborhood, the research aims to increase understanding of the phenomena of urban environmental degradation and local self-management of the urban environment within this coastal city.xix, 391 leaves
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Baker, Simon. "Isotopic dating and island arc development in the Halmahera region, Eastern Indonesia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267534.
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The islands of Halmahera, Morotai, Bacan, Obi and Waigeo lie in a zone of complex tectonics at the junction between the Eurasian margin and the Philippine Sea and Australian plates. New age data from the region using Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr and K-Ar systems and geochemical data are presented and are integrated with existing geological, geochemical and isotopic data to produce a regional geochronological framework. Continental metamorphic rocks of probable Palaeozoic age, derived from New Guinea, are found on Bacan and Obi. Sm-Nd model ages indicate that metamorphic protoliths contained Precambrian cratonic material which was subsequently mixed with younger mantle-derived material. Rb-Sr and K-Ar systematics give Neogene ages which relate to exhumation and emplacement of these rocks by strike-slip processes in the Sorong fault system. Ophiolitic rocks from Halmahera, Obi and Gag are of Philippine Sea plate origin and are interpreted to have formed an intra-oceanic forearc-arc-backarc system of Jurassic age based on Sm-Nd, K-Ar dating and geochemical and stratigraphic evidence. Subsequent Cretaceous to Tertiary arc activity has largely disturbed K-Ar ages of ophiolitic rocks. Cretaceous calc-alkaline arc activity formed the Gowonli and related volcaniclastic formations on Obi and Waigeo. Unusual amphibole-rich cumulates, hornblende gabbros and ultramafic rocks occur adjacent to continental metamorphic rocks. These yield Cretaceous and younger isotopic ages and are interpreted as the roots of a calc-alkaline island arc subsequently disrupted and uplifted by faulting in the Early Cretaceous and Neogene. Diorites and trondjhemites intruded into ophiolitic rocks on Halmahera and Obi date two phases of arc-related plutonic activity in the Middle to Late Cretaceous. One Paleocene diorite has also been dated. Isotopic ages from amphibolites, derived from basic protoliths, and biostratigraphic ages from sedimentary fault-related breccia deposits indicate deformation of ophiolitic rocks in the Late Cretaceous. Ar-Ar plateau ages and reset K-Ar ages suggest another period of deformation in the Paleocene. Isotopic dating shows that Tertiary arc activity occurred in three phases: a brief, Middle Eocene phase of diorite and andesite formation in eastern Halmahera; a dominantly Oligocene period of arc activity related to subduction beneath the Philippine Sea plate and a Neogene phase related to subduction of the Molucca Sea plate. Oligocene arc activity was terminated by Early Miocene collision of the Philippine Sea plate with the northern Australian margin. Convergence of the Philippine Sea plate with the Eurasian margin led to Neogene arc activity above an eastward-dipping Molucca Sea plate slab. Isotopic dating indicates that Neogene arc volcanism migrated northwards over time. Pliocene compressional deformation in Halmahera and Bacan caused a westward shift of the arc to its present position and may be related to collision events within the Sorong Fault system
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Baxter, Kenneth. "Quantitative modelling of continent collision : application to the Timor region, eastern Indonesia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333643.
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Thamrin, Mardiah, and torry thamrin@yahoo com. "AN EXPLORATION OF THE EXTENT TO WHICH PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS COULD REDRESS SOME OF THE DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES IN EASTERN INDONESIA." Flinders University. Flinders Institute of Public Policy and Management, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060605.121727.
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Indonesia achieved remarkable growth during the first 25 years of its series of Five Year Development Plans, which started in 1968. However, growth has not been well distributed across the regions, in part this is as a result of the Indonesian government development policy of a growth centre approach which has benefited �Western Indonesia� (Kawasan Barat Indonesia, KBI) more than �Eastern Indonesia� (Kawasan Timur Indonesia, KTI). Prosperity needs to be spread across Indonesian regions and needs to be more equitably shared.
The thesis argues that government needs to search for other ways to overcome the imbalance by accelerating KTI development, to reduce this region�s resentment, which may increase the risk of disintegration.
The central aim of this research is to describe and critically evaluate the potential usefulness of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a means to address the regional imbalance in economic development. It aims to make a contribution by:
1. Describing in detail the ways government decision-makers see the
situation, in other words giving the viewpoints of the state;
2. Providing detailed transcriptions of the interpretations and opinions
expressed by powerful decision makers in the public and private
sectors;
3. Demonstrating how the public, private and non-government sectors
operate;
4. Making the realistic point that the links across these sectors leads to both
positive and negative outcomes; including
5. Illustrating through examples how corruption spreads from the public
to the other sectors.
This study examines the contributing factors to regional imbalance in Indonesia between KBI and KTI by means of a case study of policy and management challenges in KTI. It examines the current strategy used for accelerating the economic development of KTI and considers whether a new strategy of Public Private Partnerships would have relevance and can be developed and implemented to accelerate the development.
Current strategies especially formulated for accelerating KTI economic development include:
(i) The Policy and Strategy of the Eastern Indonesia Development Council
(ii) The Program of the Ministry for Acceleration of Eastern Indonesian Development; and
(iii) The Integrated Economic Development Zone program
However, one of the weaknesses of these policies is the lack of cooperation across government and the private sector.
This study has found that the government strategies and policies have neither matched local needs nor the implementation of economic development. The study, based on both interviews and secondary data, demonstrates that the causes of the economic imbalance are systemic and multiple. They span not only government policies contributing to the imbalance directly and indirectly but also other factors, such as:
(i) Systemic corruption across the public, private and non-government sectors;
(ii) Lack of willingness to address the issues, lack of capital, lack of capable human resource and lack of infrastructure, lack of domestic and international market access, lack of communication and coordination and lack of cooperation.
To overcome these problems, the Indonesian government together with business and the watchful eye of diverse civil society organizations need to change policies, systems, and visions for developing this region.
Public Private Partnerships through a mutual partnership program could be one way of accelerating the development in KTI. On the one hand there are some direct and positive consequences of this new vision, for example, the private sector sharing their knowledge, skills, funds, management and enhanced utilisation of market mechanisms to support the government in the development process. On the other hand there are many limitations to the approach such as government often accepts greater risk than is warranted, dangers of corruption and cronyism which may attend more intensive in long-term relationship and contracted services resulted in corruption and secret business influence in government. According to Transparency International, Indonesia remains one of the most corrupt nations internationally. Unless strategies are put in place to address systemic and endemic corruption and Public Private Partnerships are well managed, then the model for Public Private Partnership will only serve to exacerbate the problem. Systemic corruption also effects trust amongst stakeholders, which needs to be hand-in-hand with strategies to address �demoralisation� for developing prosperity.
Government is becoming more responsive to the private sector�s needs by providing a conducive environment for investment, entrepreneurship and innovation. Public Private Partnerships could be a means to balance power between public, non-government and private sectors if there is more capacity building to enhance the competency and responsibility of the players.
No development solution can come about by working with only the public or the private or the community sectors or just non-government organizations. This study makes a strong case that the �solutions need to be found in Partnerships�. However, in exploring the complexity of the social capital of trust-based networks between people (but which also unfortunately exclude others) which are important for partnerships and, correspondingly, with partnerships being important for social capital, the researcher finds that there is no neat or simplistic partnership that can produce miraculous results. Some partnerships can be corrupt, some can lead to better life chances for local citizens, but the merits of each case need to be considered contextually. Widespread change is only likely when there is systemic change across governance arenas (public, private and non-government) and with consideration of social, cultural, political, economic and environmental factors. Instead of blaming development problems on insufficient participation or the lack of capacity of the ordinary people, the problems lie equally with the state, big business and non-government organizations. More effective managerial skills and efficient processes are needed in the governance of all these organizations while the role played by civil society is essential in making this governance accountable. Better partnerships can provide models that could inspire others to follow.
Overall this study describes the complex problems created by poor policy making from above. The �gaze� (in the sense used by Foucault) is shifted from the �non-participating and incapable� citizens to the �ineffective and inefficient� powerful. Why are ordinary people so often studied to find answers to societal or systemic problems? The thesis argues that this is because they are easier to ask, more tolerant of the researcher, more resigned to answering a number of questions, or perhaps think it is easier to answer questioners in order to �get rid of them�.
Instead this thesis probes the viewpoints of the powerful. Researcher who is interested in understanding how the state operates in Eastern Indonesia could �trawl through this material� in order to develop a greater understanding of the dynamics of power.
To conclude, the researcher is first and foremost a practical person, who wishes to find solutions by creating the conditions for better partnership arrangements. Instead, she found that the decision makers are part of the problem. For transformation in governance to occur, stronger civil society cooperation through �communities of practice� is needed. This would be in the interests of all sectors of society if a regionally more balanced sustainable future is to be achieved.
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Grzimek, Benno R. O. "Social change on Seram : a study of ideologies of development in eastern Indonesia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1161/.
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Fuelled by expanding oil and gas revenues, the Indonesian state has engaged in a massive and nationwide restructuring process. This "development" programme affects all facets of Indonesian society as a growing state apparatus exerts its authoritarian influence. In this context the thesis discusses social change in two Wemale villages located in the interior of western Seram at the very margins of the state administration's power and interest. Drawing upon their experience of submission to colonial state control and the presence of the Protestant Church since the turn of the 19th century, these formerly autonomous shifting cultivators have embraced, modified and subverted the rhetoric of modernisation in antithesis to 'adat' their presumed ancestral customs. The thesis discusses the reception of as well as a striving for social change through an examination of cultural concepts and social values. I set out with a description of transformations in housing, cooking and food. This leads to a preliminary discussion of the meaning of past and new styles in consumption which are closely associated with 'adat' and Protestantism. The concern with improving homes with market products and meeting general household expenses results in modifications to economic activities. Tree cash cropping is now a highly valued extension of shifting cultivation and that has major implications for the reproduction of the household. This is observed with respect to gender relations and the growing importance of inheritance of material wealth. Whereas villagers see predominantly a break with ancestral habits in production and consumption, social changes in household relationships are denied. Chapter 4 and 5 provide background information about the household composition and examine the concept of the house as a kinship group. I show in which way the household, exemplified by husband and wife, seeks to seclude itself from the interference of public leadership by evading marriage rituals specifically and avoiding the assumption of public office more generally. This issue is expanded in chapter 6 which offers a characterisation of the political roles of elders and citizens in village meetings. The rhetoric of "development" and its limitations in mobilising the villagers participation is introduced. In the final chapters the thesis discusses the importance of the Protestant Church and its close affinity with "development". Indeed "development" is partly received in religious terms as the emphasis on past and present sins, on expiation and social renewal, helps to generate hope for a prosperous future. Yet the villagers reluctance to conform to the hierarchical authority of the Church structure shows firstly how they try to protect their autonomy and secondly that their perception of "development" is in terms of communal consumption and not collective production. Concluding I argue that the unintended consequences of the imposition of parish as well as government structures on the local community has thus not only given rise to rival views and interpretations about what "development" means but also lead to a state of communal alienation.
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Kaye, Stephen Joseph. "The structure of Eastern Indonesia : an approach via gravity and other geophysical methods." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339890.
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Bala, Kristoforus. "Jesus sapientissimus in St. Bonaventure and constructing a contextual christology in eastern Indonesia." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Bennett, Linda Rae. "Dialectics of desire and danger : maidenhood, sexuality and modernity in Mataram, Eastern Indonesia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16340.pdf.
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Sumanto. "Interreligious violence, civic peace, and citizenship: Christians and Muslims in Maluku, Eastern Indonesia." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12856.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityThis dissertation focuses on the study of interreligious violence, civic peace, and citizenship in the Christian-Muslim conflict zone of Maluku (the Moluccas) in eastern Indonesia, especially in the region of Ambon. Violent conflict between Christians and Muslims broke out in the region on January 19, 1999, and continued for four years. Against this backdrop, the dissertation investigates factors underlying the interreligious violence as well as those shaping post-conflict peace and citizenship. The project examines the role of religious networks, organizations, and discourses before, during, and after the mayhem. It also explores the dynamics of Maluku's religious groups, government institutions, and civil society associations in responding to violence and reconciliation. The research, conducted from February 1, 2010, to March 30, 2011, utilizes ethnographic fieldwork, network and associational analysis, as well as historical and comparative research on the social formation of religious identities and associations in the Maluku region. It also draws on a questionnaire of one hundred former members of militia groups, both Christians and Muslims. The dissertation shows, first, that relations between Christians and Muslims in Maluku were not previously pacific but have been marked by competition and violence since European colonial times. Second, in the first phases of the Maluku wars, religious identities and discourses figured prominently in the framing and exacerbation of the strife. Third, synergy between state and society actors has been the key to stopping the mass violence and resolving conflict. The findings contrast with previous analyses that (1) portray pre-war Maluku as a stable area, (2) place singular emphasis on the political economy of the conflict, and (3) neglect the contribution of government in the peacemaking process. Fourth, while in some parts of Indonesia religious groups eagerly promote the application of Islamic Shari'a such as in Aceh or of Christian Law such as in Papua, the question of religious law did not figure prominently in Maluku. Fifth, in the aftermath of religious violence, ethnic difference, identification with clan, and regionalism are becoming more pronounced. If not addressed appropriately, these forces could serve as the sources for renewed collective conflict in the years to come.
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Pitriana, Pipit [Verfasser]. "Integrative taxonomy and phylogeny of barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from the Moluccas, eastern Indonesia / Pipit Pitriana." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223928411/34.
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Steenbergen, Dirk. "Negotiating the future of local ‘Backwaters’: Participatory marine conservation on small islands in Eastern Indonesia." Thesis, Steenbergen, Dirk (2013) Negotiating the future of local ‘Backwaters’: Participatory marine conservation on small islands in Eastern Indonesia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2013. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/19364/.
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The biodiversity rich coastal waters of eastern Indonesia have in recent years become a centre of interest for marine conservation initiatives. Island communities across the region find themselves engaged with conservation oriented agencies concerned to develop sustainable management of marine resources. Through these engagements flow new ideas, meanings and practices of conservation, that do not necessarily reflect either dominant science-based conservation ideas, or local customary perceptions and practice.
To understand the interplay of structural and agency-based forces behind the implementation of marine conservation, the collaborations and contestations taking place within communities, and between them and conservationists, are examined according to the different meanings and values that become attached to conservation programs. Through an ethnographic examination of the agency of actors with roles as key mediators (brokers and agents) and their relationships with local social structures and institutions, the research seeks to make sense of local societal responses to conservation interventions.
These complex interactions are investigated through an in-depth examination of the workings of two participatory marine conservation programs under the coordination of a single conservation NGO, the Indonesian Locally Managed Marine Area network (I-LMMA). The engagements of I-LMMA with two separate small island artisan fishing communities in eastern Indonesia form the two main case studies: Tanimbar Kei, in the Kei Archipelago in Maluku province, and Meos Mangguandi, in the Padaido Islands in Papua province.
The social and political associations of mediators involved in environmental ‘conversations’ at the interface between social domains are explored. Of specific interest are the affiliations these individuals have to certain influential groups or institutions that affect their position in formal negotiations and emerging relationships. The case studies researched show how conservation programs gain local support or incite local resistance. Moreover, findings suggest that the integration of conservation ideas into communities through external interventions aligned with adaptive co-management objectives does not necessarily result in the kinds of sustainable conservation practices that were intended at the outset. Local dynamic socio-political contexts and the individuals who mediate conservation ideas within these contexts are strong forces that shape outcomes for conservation.
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Osseweijer, Manon. "Taken at the flood : marine resource use and management in the Aru Islands (Malaku, Eastern Indonesia) /." [S. l.] : M. Osseweijer, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39929262v.
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Fisher, Tsz Man. "The 1852 Banda Arc Mega-thrust Earthquake and Tsunami in Indonesia." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5674.
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In 1852, a five-minute long earthquake hit the Banda Arc region that was felt over most of Indonesia. It caused uplift of new islands and sent a tsunami across the Banda Sea that reached a height of 8 meters at Banda Neira and was also registered at Ambon, Saparua and other islands. Records of the 1852 earthquake at multiple locations provide the constraints needed to reconstruct the disastrous event through earthquake intensity analysis and numerical modeling of the tsunami. Using tsunami heights and arrival times as the major constraints, best fit numerical models of the tsunami were constructed using Clawpack. These models indicate that the earthquake was most likely a mega-thrust event along the Tanimbar Trough with a Mw of around 8.4. At least 10-15 meters of elastic strain energy has accumulated along the Tanimbar Through since the 1852 event, and the population in the region has increased exponentially. When another event occurs ≥ that in 1852, there will be many more people and treasure in harms way.
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Liu, Yung-Chun. "Tectonics of Saturn's Moon Titan AND Tsunami Modeling of the 1629 Mega-thrust Earthquake in Eastern Indonesia." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5731.
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Chapter 1-2:The Cassini RADAR mapper has imaged elevated blocks and mountains on Titan we term ‘ridges’. Two unresolved problems regarding Titan's surface are still debated: what is the origin of its ridges and was there tectonic activity on Titan? To understand the processes that produced the ridges, in this study, (1) we analyze the distribution and orientation of ridges through systematic geomorphologic mapping and (2) we compare the location of the ridges to a new global topographic map to explore the correlation between elevation and ridges and the implications for Titan's surface evolution. Globally, the orientation of ridges is nearly E-W and the ridges are more common near the equator than at the poles, which suggests a tectonic origin for most of the ridges on Titan. In addition, the ridges are found to preferentially lie at higher-than-average elevations near the equator. We conclude the most reasonable formation scenario for Titan's ridges is that contractional tectonism built the ridges and thickened the icy lithosphere, causing regional uplift. The combination of global and regional tectonic events, likely contractional in nature, plus enhanced fluvial erosion and sedimentation near the poles, would have contributed to shaping Titan's tectonic landforms and surface morphology to what we see today. However, contractional structures (i.e. thrusts and folds) require large stresses (8~10 MPa), the sources of which probably do not exist on Titan. Liquid hydrocarbons in Titan's near subsurface must play a role similar to that of water on Earth and lead to fluid overpressures, which enable contractional deformation at smaller stresses (< 1MPa) by significantly reducing the shear strength of materials. We show that crustal conditions with enhanced pore fluid pressures on Titan favor the formation of thrust faults and related folds, in a contractional stress field. The production of folds, as on Earth, is facilitated by the presence of crustal liquids to weaken the crust. These hydrocarbon fluids have played a key role in Titan's tectonic evolutionary history, leaving it the only icy body on which strong evidence for contractional tectonism exists. Chapter 3: Arthur Wichmann's ‘Earthquakes of the Indian Archipelago’ documents several large earthquakes and tsunami throughout the Banda Arc region that can be interpreted as mega-thrust events. However, the source regions of these events are not known. One of the largest and well-documented events in the catalog is the great earthquake and tsunami affecting the Banda islands on 1 August 1629. It caused severe damage from a 15-meter tsunami that arrived at the Banda Islands about a half hour after violent shaking stopped. The earthquake was also recorded 230 km away in Ambon, but no tsunami is mentioned. This event was followed by at least 9 years of uncommonly frequent seismic activity in the region that tapered off with time, which can be interpreted as aftershocks. The combination of these observations indicates that the earthquake was most likely a mega-thrust event. We use an inverse modeling approach to numerically reconstruct the tsunami, which constrains the likely location and magnitude of the 1629 earthquake. Only linear numerical models are applied due to the low-resolution of bathymetry in the Banda Islands and Ambon. Therefore, we apply various wave amplification factors (1.5 to 4) derived from simulations of recent, well-constrained tsunami to bracket the upper and lower limits of earthquake moment magnitudes for the event. The closest major earthquake sources to the Banda Islands are the Tanimbar and Seram Troughs of the Banda subduction/collision zone. Other source regions are too far away for such a short arrival time of the tsunami after shaking. Moment magnitudes predicted by the models in order to produce a 15 m tsunami are Mw of 9.8 to 9.2 on the Tanimbar Trough and Mw 8.8 to 8.2 on the Seram Trough. The arrival times of these waves are 58 minutes for Tanimbar Trough and 30 minutes for Seram Trough. The model also predicts 5 meters run-up for Ambon from a Tanimbar Trough source, which is inconsistent with the historical records. Ambon is mostly shielded from a wave generated by a Seram Trough Source.We conclude that the most likely source of the 1629 mega-thrust earthquake is the Seram Trough. Only one earthquake > Mw 8.0 is recorded instrumentally from the eastern Indonesia region although high rates of strain (50-80 mm/a) are measured across the Seram section of the Banda subduction zone. Enough strain has already accumulated since the last major historical event to produce an earthquake of similar size to the 1629 event. Due to the rapid population growth in coastal areas in this region, it is imperative that the most vulnerable coastal areas prepare accordingly.
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Deprez, Stefan Gert Marie. "Towards monitoring that makes sense : action research design of a planning, learning and accountability system for a sustainable agriculture programme in Eastern Indonesia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003686.
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This study is an account of an action research process to develop a planning, learning and accountability (PLA) system for the sustainable agriculture chain development programme of VECO (Vredeseilanden Country Office) Indonesia. Many monitoring and evaluation (M&E) processes in development programmes are largely carried out to provide information for funding agencies, to meet external accountability requirements and for symbolic protection. This study generates insights into an integrated, learning-oriented monitoring practice which fosters reflective practice, provides feedback to programme stakeholders about performance, progress and results achieved, facilitates improved accountability, and generates information and knowledge useful for the programme stakeholders to take decisions for improved action. It is argued that M&E systems have the potential, if developed well, to serve as a framework or ‘carrier’ for organisational and institutional learning – an essential requirement to respond to the complex nature of development processes. Outcome mapping is presented as a possible approach to be used as the basis for such a M&E system. This study was underpinned by a socially critical orientation to development (programmes) and by an action research method to guide the PLA system design process. The design process was organized around seven steps - which in themselves were a result of the action research process – including specific steps to ensure a learning-oriented M&E system. Based on the agreed purposes and intended uses of the monitoring and learning process, the resulting PLA system is focused around the organizational spaces and rhythms of VECO Indonesia which are central to sharing, debate, learning and decision-making. In this way, the PLA system becomes integral to the thinking and doing of the organization. It is built on the premise that monitoring does not end with gathering data; it also needs to include a process of understanding and deciding how data can best be used and analysed to strengthen concerted action and facilitate decision-making. It highlights the importance of sense-making – interpreting information to make it usable for action. Furthermore, it incorporates an approach to assess and consciously plan for the creation of the necessary organisational conditions to implement and maintain a learning-oriented M&E system. The study is completed by critical reflection on the relevance of VECO’s new PLA system for planning, learning and accountability, combined with the use of a future scenario technique to generate recommendations and identify critical future directions. Further exploration of ‘intelligent’ information-seeking methods and processes is called for; and a practice which moves beyond intra-organisational monitoring – focusing on VECO’s own monitoring needs – towards a monitoring process that facilitates change based on the viewpoints of, and in collaboration with local actors, i.e., institutional monitoring and learning, is recommended. VECO is encouraged to continue developing a mindset and practice whereby the programme team and partners have the ability to leave the safe zone of pre-determined outcomes and actions, and to make sense of the world as they engage in action.
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Nugroho, Hendro. "GPS Velocity Field In The Transition From Subduction To Collision Of The Eastern Sunda And Banda Arcs, Indonesia." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd885.pdf.
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Selles, Adrien. "Multi-disciplinary study on the hydrogeological behaviour of the Eastern flank of the Merapi Volcano, Central Java, Indonesia." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066690.
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Les connaissances actuelles sur le comportement hydrogéologique des édifices volcano-détritique sont encore limitées et cela limite la bonne gestion des ressources en eau. Depuis une décennie, sur les flancs du volcan Merapi, à Java Centre, en Indonésie, une pression croissante se fait sur la ressource en eau avec l'intensification des pratiques agricoles irriguées, la croissance de la population et les utilisations industrielles de l'eau. Le manque de connaissances sur les processus du cycle de l'eau par les consommateurs déclenche des conflits d'usage et le partage de l'eau devient une question centrale. Une compréhension plus précise du cycle de l'eau dans sa globalité dans ce genre de contexte est donc un point fondamental qui a besoin d'être amélioré.Ce travail a été axé sur la caractérisation des ressources en eaux souterraines à travers l’étude de la géométrie et des propriétés hydrodynamiques des systèmes aquifères /aquitards multi-couches à l'échelle d’un bassin versant expérimental sur le flanc Est du volcan Merapi. Pour couvrir tous les processus impliqués dans la circulation des eaux souterraines, une approche multi-disciplinaire a été choisi.Une nouvelle approche géologique et géomorphologique a été réalisé afin de caractériser la structure interne et l'architecture de dépôt sur le flanc Est du Merapi. Sur la base de ces résultats, un modèle conceptuel géologique et géomorphologique a été construit et révèle des formations détritiques chenalisées et connectées depuis les hautes altitudes jusqu’aux vallées, créant des chemins préférentiels pour les eaux souterraines.La caractérisation du climat avec l'estimation des termes du bilan hydrique et la description des principaux processus hydrologiques sont décrits par le suivi de deux années hydrologiques (2011-2012 et 2012-2013 ). Le climat tropical de cette région se caractérise par une période de mousson (Novembre à Mai ) et une saison sèche (Juin à Octobre ). Le bilan hydrologique est caractérisé par 40 % des précipitations sont perdus par évapotranspiration, 10 % s'écoulent et la moitié restante s'infiltre à travers l'édifice volcano-détritique et recharge les aquifères multicouches.Le fonctionnement hydrogéologique d'un environnement volcano-détritique complexe a pu être appréhendé à l’aide d’un suivi hydrogéologique, hydrochimique et géochimiques sur les sources et des puits peu profonds. Deux ceintures de sources ont été identifiées: la première est caractérisée par des sources de dépression alignées le long d'une ligne topographique tandis qu'une faille normale est probablement à l'origine de la seconde. L’utilisation de la température de l’eau de source comme traceur de l’altitude de recharge a permis l’identification de plusieurs systèmes aquifères multi-couches. Les propriétés hydrauliques de ces aquifères ont été établi à partir des l'analyses des essais hydrauliques. Le premier système aquifère est situé proche de la surface et possède une faible conductivité hydraulique. En revanche, un second système aquifère a été identifié en profondeur et possède une forte perméabilité. Le traceur “température” met en évidence un effet de mélange entre le premier et le deuxième aquifère au niveau des sources de basses altitudes . Ce phénomène est confirmé par les résultats des analyses isotopiques.L'application d'un modèle numérique couplant la circulation des flux, le transfert de masse ou le transfert de chaleur confirme le modèle conceptuel hydrogéologique et permet de quantifier la ressource en eauThe current knowledge on the hydrogeological behavior of the volcano-detritic edifices is still sparse and these lacks limit the attempting of water resource management. Since a decade, on the flanks of Merapi volcano, in Central Java, Indonesia, an increasing pressure is done on the water resource with the intensification of the irrigated agriculture practices, the growth of population and the water industrial uses. The lack of knowledge about the water cycle processes by the consumers triggers water use conflicts and the water sharing becomes a central issue. A most accurate understanding of the water cycle in its globality in this kind of context is hence a fundamental point that need to be improved.This work has been focused on the characterization of groundwater resource thought the identification of the extent, the geometry and hydrodynamic properties of the aquifers/aquitards multi-layered system at the experimental catchment scale on the Eastern flank of Merapi volcano. To cover all the processes involved into the groundwater circulation, a multi-disciplinary approach has been chosen.A new geological and geomorphological approach is performed to characterize the internal structure and the deposit architecture on this zone of the Eastern flank of the Merapi. Based on these results, a geological and geomorphological conceptual model has been built and insists on the channelized detritic formations connected from the upper parts to the low lands through the volcanic edifice and that create preferential groundwater path ways.The climate characterization with the estimation of the water balance terms and the description of main hydrological processes are described with the monitoring of two hydrological years (2011-2012 and 2012- 2013). The tropical climate of this region is characterized by seasonal monsoon (November to May) and dry season (June to October). The global water balance can be distributed as follow: 40% of rainfall are lost by evapotranspiration, 10% runs off and the remaining half infiltrates through the volcano-detritic edifice to recharge the multi-layered aquifers.The hydrogeological functioning of a complex volcano-detritic environment is explained through the implementation of hydrogeological, hydrochemical and geochemical monitoring on inventoried springs and wells. Two spring belts are described, the first one is characterized by depression spring along a topographic line while a normal fault is probably at the origin of the second one. The identification of a multi-layered aquifer systems has been done based on the determination of the spring water temperature as a relevant tracers of the recharge elevation and the groundwater circulations. The hydraulic properties of these aquifers have been investigated from the analysis of hydraulic tests. Results show a low permeable aquifer close to the surface with a local recharge while a second aquifer system with high permeability and regional recharge is located deeper. The tracer temperature shows a mixing effect between the first and the second aquifers in the springs at low elevation. This phenomenon is confirmed by the isotope analysis.The application of a coupled numerical model between flow circulation, first mass transfer and second heat transfer confirms the hydrogeological conceptual model of volcano-sedimentary edifice and allows to quantify the water resource
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Sulaeman, Hanif Ibadurrahman. "Discovery of Paleotsunami Deposits along Eastern Sunda Arc: Potential for Megathrust Earthquakes in Bali." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7178.
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Several laterally extensive candidate tsunami deposits are preserved along coastlines facing the eastern Java Trench, indicating it has experienced mega-thrust earthquakes in the past. We investigated 37 coastal sites in Bali, Lombok, Sumba and Timor islands, many of which preserve course sand and pebble layers that overlie sharp basal contacts with scour marks into the mud, fine upward in grain size, and have bimodal grain size distributions. Other unique features are the common occurrence of marine fossils and concentrations of heavy minerals. The occurrence of these high-energy deposits interlayered with clay-rich units indicates the coarse clastics are anomalous because they were deposited in what is normally a very low-energy depositional environment. The lateral extent and paucity of thin, coarse clastic layers with marine organisms are inconsistent with local stream flood event, and the proximity to the equator of the sites diminishes the possibility of marine flood events from cyclones. The sparse, but consistent, the occurrence of at least two candidate tsunami deposits at depths of 1 and 2 meters over 950 km along the strike of the Java Trench may reveal that mega-thrust earthquakes have occurred there and generated giant tsunamis in the recent past. Five widely scattered imbricated boulder deposits are also found on Bali, Lombok, and Sumba. The boulders consist of slabs of hardpan up to 2.5 m in length and 80 cm thick that was torn from a near-shore seabed and stacked on top of one another. Some of the boulders were carried over the erosional coastal bank and deposited up to 100 meters inland. Comparisons with imbricated boulder ridges formed during the 1994 tsunami in east Java indicate that these deposits are from one or multiple tsunamis sourced by the Java Trench. Experiments in effective ways to communicate and implement tsunami disaster mitigation strategies have led us to train local communities about the 20-20-20 rule. If coastal communities experience more than 20 seconds of shaking from an earthquake, even if it is not intense, they should evacuate the coast. The time delay between the earthquake and arrival of tsunami waves is around 20 minutes, which is the time window for evacuation. Some tsunami waves may be as high as 20 meters, which is the target elevation for evacuation. Adopting the 20-20-20 rule could save thousands of lives throughout the region, especially in Bali where nearly 1 million people inhabit likely tsunami inundation zones.
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Jaiteh, Vanessa. ""Sharks are important, but so is rice": Opportunities and challenges for shark fisheries management and livelihoods in eastern Indonesia." Thesis, Jaiteh, Vanessa (2017) "Sharks are important, but so is rice": Opportunities and challenges for shark fisheries management and livelihoods in eastern Indonesia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/38470/.
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Targeted fisheries for shark fin are one of the main causes driving the unprecedented decline of shark populations. Despite widespread concern for sharks and calls for their conservation, a lack of data often delays regulatory action for shark fisheries. For over two decades, Indonesia has reported higher average shark landings than any other nation, but information on its shark fisheries is extremely limited. The eastern Indonesian shark fishery, here defined to extend from East Nusa Tenggara to Papua, is virtually data-less and beyond the focus of central fisheries agencies. The lack of essential information, including the location of fishing grounds, catch composition and fishing effort, as well as biological and socio-economic characteristics of harvested species and the livelihoods they support, impedes the development of effective fisheries management in this region. This thesis uses a transdisciplinary approach to address these knowledge gaps.
My findings are based on extensive field studies in three remote coastal communities with fishing grounds in the Seram, Halmahera, Aru-Arafura and Timor Seas. During my stay in each community, I involved fishers in collecting and interpreting fishery data, studied local fishing practices and patron-fisher relationships, and conducted in-depth interviews with fishers, shark fin bosses and other community members. This allowed me to portray the fishery from biological, economic and sociological perspectives (Chapter 2), and to investigate the reliability and accuracy of fisher data. The description of a range extension for the vulnerable fossil shark Hemipristis elongata demonstrates that fisher’s species identifications are not only reliable, but can lead to serendipitous findings on species occurrences (Chapter 3).
Expanding on the application of fisher data, I then use diverse data sources to provide the first sustainability assessment of the eastern Indonesian shark fishery (Chapter 4). The fishery targets over 40 species, many of which exhibit declining catch rates over the last two decades and are unable to sustain continued fishing pressure due to their low rebound potential and high fishing mortality. Finding that the fishery is most likely unsustainable, I move on to combine fishery and interview data from my case study sites with fishery-independent methods to examine key factors for successful shark conservation in one of the first studies to investigate the effectiveness of explicitly shark-specific spatial closures and their impact on shark fishers (Chapter viii 5). The results of this study clearly show that effective governance of spatial closures can result in higher abundances of sharks by allowing them to recover, and providing a refuge, from heavy fishing pressure. However, it also becomes evident that exclusion from fishing grounds can have profound effects on fishers’ behaviour, evidenced by a shift of fishing effort to unprotected, less productive areas and the pursuit of alternative livelihoods, including, in some cases, illegal activities. The theme of livelihood diversification and alternatives is explored further in Chapter 6, where I deconstruct a series of recent developments that have cumulatively reduced the appeal and stability of shark fishing, a once prosperous livelihood. These developments involve multiple levels of governance from local to regional, bilateral and international scales, and include declining catches in all fishing grounds, a reduction in the demand for, and trade of shark fin, the loss of access to fishing grounds, transboundary fishing, restrictive debt with shark fin bosses, and limited options for livelihood alternatives. Indebted fishers find themselves trapped in an increasingly unprofitable livelihood but are unable to leave the fishery even when willing to do so, due to financial, technical or other constraints. Nevertheless, examples of livelihood diversification are evident in all case study communities, with varying success and without the impetus or support of outside fisheries management or community development interventions.
In Chapter 7, I contend that the eastern Indonesian shark fishery is characterised by levels of uncertainty and complexity that conventional methods of fisheries assessment and management were not designed to deal with. Instead, data-poor fisheries management based on precautionary principles, and actively involving fishers in knowledge generation, are needed to mitigate against continued fishery-driven declines of shark populations. The thesis concludes with twelve recommendations for proactive management, based on challenges and opportunities identified during my research. I propose that the most promising strategy for protecting shark populations in eastern Indonesia is a composite, data-poor management approach that features a combination of spatial protection, consistent implementation and enforcement of trade regulations, researchbased fisheries regulations, and support for fishers’ livelihood diversification.
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Purwanto, Ris Hadi. "Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) and food crop production under agroforestry management in moist deciduous forests of eastern Java in Indonesia." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145043.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第11643号
農博第1499号
新制||農||909(附属図書館)
学位論文||H17||N4036(農学部図書室)
23286
UT51-2005-D392
京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻
(主査)教授 中坪 文明, 教授 武田 博清, 教授 太田 誠一
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Corrigan, Brendan. "Different stories about the same place : interpreting narrative, practice and tradition in the East Kimberley of northern Australia and the Aru Island of Eastern Indonesia." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0083.
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This thesis interrogates the relationship of archaeological models and indigenous understandings of origins in the East Kimberley region of Northern Australia and the Aru Islands of Eastern Indonesia. Archaeological models of prehistoric migration construct these places as part of the same landmass in the recent human period and at times of lower sea levels. Yet, the indigenous groups who currently inhabit these places assert and rely upon their localised understandings of autochthony and mythological creationism. The existence of these competing models has led me to examine the degree to which the practice of archaeology in these locations constructs human prehistory in a way that necessarily disempowers the indigenous cosmology there. Below I examine the construction and content of these different stories about the same place to show how it is that they are essentially competing, conflicting and contradictory claims to truth. I show how each of these asserted cosmological positions emerge from the various cultural systems that sponsor and perpetuate them and I pay special attention to the role of institutionally authorised experts within each of the cosmological positions described. I also seek to demonstrate the ways in which the distribution of expert knowledge plays a core role in a naturalised social order and the ongoing construction of cultural identity in their respective communities. I then interrogate the relationships that these differing forms of knowledge have with each other - paying close attention to the specifics of context in which they are evoked. I conclude that the examination of how these competing claims to truth are distributed in space reveals their influence in the ongoing construction of identity in their respective communities.
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Taylor, W. R. J. "Clinical trials of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in north eastern Papua, Indonesia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445939/.
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New drug regimens are needed for effective prophylaxis and treatment of drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern Papua. Mefloquine and doxycycline, two standard prophylactic drugs, had high prophylactic efficacy in northeastern Papua but they have limited application for two vulnerable groups, young children and pregnant women. Azithromycin, an azalide antibiotic, had a prophylactic efficacy of 83% against P. falciparum in malaria immune Kenyans. If successful in non immunes, it would be a significant addition to the current prophylactic drugs. Chloroquine, the current first line drug in northeastern Papua, is associated with high rates of treatment failure for falciparum and vivax malaria. Cure rates might be improved by combining with chloroquine with doxycycline, two drugs that are inexpensive and widely available. Methods. Two clinical trials were conducted. (1). The prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against P. falciparum and P. vivax was determined in a double blind, placebo-controlled trial in Indonesian adults with limited immunity. After radical cure, three hundred randomised subjects received azithromycin (n=T48, 750mg loading dose, 250mg/day), placebo (n=77), or doxycycline (n=75, 100mg/day). The end point was slide proven parasitaemia. (2). In an open trial chloroquine plus doxycycline (CQD) was compared to chloroquine or doxycycline alone for treating falciparum and vivax malaria. Eight nine falciparum patients were randomised to standard dose chloroquine (n=30), doxycycline 100 mg 12 hourly (7 days), n=20 , or chloroquine plus doxycycline (n=39) corresponding numbers for vivax patients were 23, 16, 24. Endpoints were parasite sensitivity (S) or resistance (RI, RII, and RIII) assessed by Day 28. Findings. (1). There were 58 P. falciparum and 29 P. vivax prophylaxis failures over 20 weeks. Based on incidence rates, the prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin relative to placebo was 71.6% (95% CI 50.3-83.8) against P. falciparum, and 98.9% (93.1-99.9) against P. vivax. Corresponding figures for doxycycline were 96.3% (85.4-99.6) and 98% (88.0- 99.9).
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Corrigan, Brendan. "Different stories about the same place : interpreting narrative, practice and tradition in the East Kimberley of northern Australia and the Aru Island of Eastern Indonesia /." Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0083.
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Brennan, E. "Heterogeneous cloth : an ethnography of the coming into being of barkcloth artefacts at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and amongst the Nuaulu of Nua Nea Village, Maluku, Eastern Indonesia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10037521/.
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This thesis uses barkcloth artefacts as a methodological point of entry and fieldsite, to explore their material properties. It argues that the material properties of barkcloth artefacts are indexical of social relations, as it moves between contexts; exploring the nature of properties as inherently diverse or diversely exploited, rather than homogenously embedded. The thesis argues that properties are processual, and uses the operational sequence or chaîne opératoire as a route to beginning to unpack the attribution of these qualities. The thesis follows the material through two distinct contexts; beginning with a collection of barkcloth artefacts in the Economic Botany Collection, at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Here artefacts illustrate the relationship between people and plants through technical process; and are packed within the botanical episteme and a British history of material relations, exploitation and development. From within the collections store, laboratory, and herbarium at Kew, material origins and structure are foregrounded as inherent to material identity. From Kew, research relocates to Maluku in eastern Indonesia; to a region situated historically as foundational in the exploitation of plant ‘resources’ and botanical exploration. Thematically then, the region is congruous with the Kew context. Nuaulu barkcloth artefacts, as explored in Nua Nea village, on Seram island are efficacious in male life-transformation rituals, and clan constitution. Barkcloth properties are generative and contingent. The efficacy of these artefacts is inseparable from the proximal dynamics as managed through their ongoing coming into being: bodily, temporal and territorial. A processual approach to barkcloth artefacts’ material properties across contexts allows access to the nature and diversity of the relationships between humans and non-humans: in this case, with plants, and trees. This is in what plant materials are able to reflect back at us, as transformed living kinds.
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Joyce, Coralie Field. "World views in transition: a study of the contours of world views of Christian Communities in Eastern Indonesia : with particular reference to the Christian Church of Luwuk-Banggai and the implications of changing transitional world views for the life and." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283674.
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Modh, Sandra Violeta. "Lamaholot of East Flores : a study of a boundary community." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b7693f46-3a18-4b1a-ba96-0f17e91f0282.
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Lamaholot is a population found on Flores and in the Solor Archipelago of Eastern Indonesia. The population is village-based and divided into patrilineal descent groups. Marriage is coupled with bridewealth and follows a pattern of asymmetric marriage alliance between descent groups. This thesis shows that a small group of Lamaholot in the administrative regency of East Flores shares certain traditions with a neighbouring population called Ata Tana ‘Ai. Ata Tana ‘Ai are a sub-group of the Sikka population in the administrative regency of Sikka. Descent group among Ata Tana ‘Ai are matrilineal and households were traditionally based in scattered gardens. Marriage is not coupled with bridewealth and instances of asymmetric marriage alliance between descent groups are here a consequence rather than a cause of marriage. The current fieldsite seems to have been part of the ceremonial system of Ata Tana ‘Ai and also to have shared a tradition of dispersed settlement in the gardens. The descent groups might initially have been matrilineal, but in the recent past there was also a habit of dividing children between the parental descent groups. Recent traditions of dividing children can be found throughout central-east Flores, but seemingly not to same extent as at the fieldsite. The payment of elephant’s tusks was a central feature in the acquisition of group members at the fieldsite and could be paid by both men and women. These payments were not necessarily tied to marriage and did not serve as bridewealth. In the last century outer social factors, such as the Catholic mission and the creation of the Dutch colonial state, have resulted in that many of the traditional practices at the fieldsite have been replaced with traditions from Lamaholot elsewhere. The residence pattern is now village-based, but gardens retain a central social and ritual position. The role of the elephant’s tusks has taken different expressions throughout this period of social change, and alongside the changing role of tusks, the traditional social and material authority of women at the fieldsite has declined, whereas that of men has increased. This thesis examines the current and the traditional practices in and around the fieldsite, and focuses on local definitions of descent group, kinship, and inheritance, looking at both biological and social perspectives.
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Henriques, Isabel Margarida dos Santos. "Crescimento demográfico no desenvolvimento económico de Timor-Leste." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6219.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalEsta dissertação pretende demostrar o impacto da demografia no desenvolvimento de um país, tendo como base o continente asiático e as suas regiões, nomeadamente, a Ásia Meridional, Oriental e o Sudeste Asiático entre 1975 e 2010. Os países mais populosos do mundo - China e Índia - serão analisados de forma breve, enquanto a Indonésia terá um maior destaque devido à história que a liga a Timor-Leste, o país que será estudado com maior enfoque. Nesta tese serão apresentadas as diversas teorias do pensamento sobre o impacto da demografia no desenvolvimento de um país. Como exemplos será efectuada uma análise da China, Índia, Indonésia e Timor-Leste. O estudo feito para cada um destes países será baseado em vários indicadores populacionais, de saúde materna e políticas de planeamento familiar. Timor-Leste será alvo de maior enfoque, pretendendo-se enunciar as suas singularidades, apresentar razões que expliquem a sua conduta atípica no continente asiático e recomendar possíveis caminhos para o desenvolvimento deste país.
This thesis intends to demonstrate the demographic impact on a country’s development, based on the Asian continent and its regions, namely, Southern Asia, Eastern Asia and South-Eastern Asia, between the years 1975 and 2010. The most populous countries in the world – China and India – will be briefly analyzed while Indonesia will have a major prominence due to his linked history with Timor-Leste, the country that will be the main focus of the study. On this thesis, it will be presented the different theories about the impact of the demography on a country’s development. The examples given will be several countries: China, India, Indonesia and Timor-Leste. The research for each of these countries will be based on demographic indicators, maternal care and family planning programmes. Timor-Leste will be the main focus of the study as it’s intended to prove its singularities, to present the reasons that explain its atypical behaviour on the Asian continent and also to recommend possible pathways for this country’s development.
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Sipahutar, Halomoan. "Web-based network management configuration for the Indonesian Eastern Fleet Wide Area Network." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA390446.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2001.Thesis advisors, John Osmundson, Rex Buddenberg. Includes bibliographical references (p. 183-184). Also available online.
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Rémon, Nao-Cosme. "Descendre de la montagne, traverser la mer : Dynamiques de l'origine, processus d'organisation sociale et ethnogenèse chez les Riung de Florès." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3106.
Full textAbstract:
Les villages et les domaines coutumiers de la région de Riung, dans le centre-ouest de l'île de Florès (Indonésie orientale), constituent un ensemble hétérogène marqué par une variabilité culturelle, linguistique, et religieuse. Cette diversité prend place dans un contexte ethno-historique caractéristique du monde austronésien : un paysage traversé par des dynamiques structurantes de mobilité, de dispersion et d'agrégation de groupes humains ; autant de processus qu'accompagne une nécessaire flexibilité sociale et politique. S'éparpillant à partir d'une montagne locale ou débarquant sur la côte, les communautés de Riung s'organisent selon un mode essentiellement dualiste fondé sur un principe de préséance. L'altérité, conçue localement comme un invariant du « vivre ensemble », participe à l'émergence et à l'entretien d'une ethnicité. Cette thèse interroge la construction du paysage social Riung à travers trois axes d'analyse principaux : d'abord les élaborations culturelles et sociales liées à la conception locale de l' « origine », ensuite les processus ethno-historiques d'organisation sociale, enfin les pratiques, notamment matrimoniales, qui articulent et alimentent les espaces d'interrelations. A ces différents niveaux de la vie sociale correspondent par ailleurs des dynamiques identitaires elles-mêmes variées : la continuité d'une identité « ancestrale » de lignage ; la gestion d'une division religieuse de la population entre catholiques et musulmans ; et l'émergence d'une identité « ethnique »The villages and traditional domains of the Riung region, in west-central Flores (eastern Indonesia) constitute a heterogeneous assemblage marked by cultural, linguistic, and religious variability. This diversity takes place in a typical Austronesian ethno-historical context: a landscape crossed by structuring dynamics of mobility, dispersion, and aggregation of human groups. Such processes necessarily go with a social and political flexibility. Scattered from a local mountain or landed on the coast, Riung communities are organized according to an essentially dualistic way founded on a principle of precedence. The ‘otherness', locally conceived as an invariant of the ‘togetherness', contributes to the emergence and the sustaining of an ethnicity. This dissertation questions the construction of Riung social landscape through three main analytical axes: the social and cultural elaborations concerned by the local conception of ‘origin', the ethno-historical processes of social organization, and the social practices, notably alliance and marriage, which articulate and maintain spaces of interrelations. To these different levels of social life corresponds a variety of dynamics of identity: the continuity of the lineage ‘ancestral' identity; the management of the religious division between Catholics and Muslims; and the emergence of an ‘ethnic' identity
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"The Lamaholot Language of Eastern Indonesia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/70366.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents the grammar of the Lewotobi dialect of Lamaholot, an Austronesian language spoken in the eastern part of Flores Island and neighboring islands of Indonesia. Lamaholot belongs to the Central Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of Austronesian, within which it is in a subgroup with the languages of Timor and Roti. The number of speakers of the Lewotobi dialect is approximately 6,000. Despite its importance in the history and typology of Austronesian languages, this dialect of Lamaholot has not been fully described yet. This study is the first thorough grammar of this dialect. In the absence of available description of the language, the data presented here have been collected through fieldwork conducted at the Nurri village of Kabupaten Flores Timur for a total of eight months. The purpose of this sturdy is two-fold. The first goal is to provide an empirically-based description and analysis of the entire range of the Lamaholot grammar from phonology through morphology to syntax and semantics. It begins with the discussion of phonetics and phonology, proceeds to examine morphological processes and parts of speech and then turns to the form and function of each part of speech: nouns, pronouns, numerals, measure words, verbs, adjectival nouns, adjectival verbs, demonstratives, directionals, the locative, TAM markers and other minor parts of speech. Building upon these foundations, subsequent chapters offer a detailed analysis and discussion of the following syntactic phenomena: (i) agreement, (ii) clause structure, (iii) voice and grammatical relations, (iv) verb serialization, and (v) spatial language. A mini dictionary and texts are provided as appendices to a grammatical description. The second and equally important purpose of this study is to shed new light on issues surrounding the history and typology of Austronesian languages from a perspective of Lamaholot data. Attention is drawn particularly to two grammatical phenomena: (i) the position of Lamaholot in a typology of voice and grammatical relations in western Austronesian languages and (ii) spatial language and frames of reference. It is hoped that this study will help advance both research in Austronesian linguistics and our knowledge of human language in general.
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Grimes, Charles E. "The Buru language of Eastern Indonesia." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10925.
Full textAbstract:
Buru is an Austronesian (Central Malayo-Polynesian) language spoken by around
45,000 people on the island of Buru in eastern Indonesia. Typologically, the language can be
characterised as S V 0 (X), prepositional, with modifiers following the head noun in an NP
and the genitive occurring before the noun. Analysis of Buru phonology [Chapter 5] shows the language to have seventeen
consonants [C] and five vowels [V]. Canonical syllable types are (C)V(C). Monomorphemic
roots are distinguished between lexical roots, which are overwhelmingly composed of two
syllables (with a few trisyllables), and grammatical functors, which may be one or two
syllables. Content words (such as nouns and verbs) are based on lexical roots and carry stress
on the penultimate syllable of the word. Clitics behave as phonological satellites to stress-bearing
roots and do not effect stress shift. Productive cliticisation is pervasive in Buru,
dropping the final syllable and the word stress from a lexical root as it combines with a
following lexical root. This process, along with several other morphophonemic processes
involving verbal [Chapter 7] and nominal [Chapter 8] morphology yield a complex variety of
derived syllable types. It becomes necessary to distinguish between the phonological word/ and
the grammatical word, as there are many environments in Buru in which there is not a one-to-one correlation between the two [Chapter 6]. The pronominal systems are described [Chapter 9], noting that Buru is developing
from a split-S system toward a switch-reference system. Spatial and temporal deictics
[Chapter 10] are concerned with definiteness and reference-tracking in discourse and are used
in a variety of constructions. In NPs [Chapters 8 & 11], most nominal modifiers, including
relative clauses, follow their head noun. Two constructions, the possessive and the genitive, are
discussed in detail [Chapter 14]. Given the word order patterns found elsewhere in the
language, Buru is typologically unusual in having the genitive and the possessive occurring
before the head noun [Chapter 1'1]. The Buru clause is composed of a Subject and a Predicate. The Predicate may be nonverbal,
semi-verbal, or verbal [Chapters 18 & 19]. Verbs are divided into two types: in active
verbs the syntactic subject is in the semantic macrorole of Actor; in non-active verbs the
syntactic subject is in the semantic macrorole of Undergoer [Chapters 7 & 12]. Active verbs
further subdivide into active-transitive and active-intransitive, depending on their unmarked
valence of core arguments. Active transitive clauses are prototypically S V 0 (X) in their
order, with non-core arguments being marked as prepositional phrases [Chapter 13]. Buru has a rich variety of mechanisms for relating and integrating clauses [Chapter 20]
through degrees of a variety of parameters which are more complex than a simple binary
opposition of [±dependent], or (±embedded]. There is also a rich variety of mechanisms for
putting elements of a clause into greater or lesser pragmatic prominence [Chapters
18, 21, 23]. A variety of different speech acts and styles are also described [Chapter 22].
The grammaricisario11 of several different subsystems is examined. Tense-aspect-mood
proclitics [Chapter 12], post-verbal auxiliaries [Chapter 12], and some prepositions
[Chapter 13], are all shown to have developed through verb serialisation.
Introductory chapters describe the purposes and mechanics of the study [ Chapter 1],
previous studies [Chapter 2], historical issues relevant to language use on the island
[Chapter 3], and dialect geography and related sociolinguistic issues [Chapter 4]. Texts and
additional supporting material are found in the appendices. The question of the linguistic
classification of Buru is examined in the Epilogue, noting that there is very little published on
the !50 or so languages of the Central Malayo-Polynesian subgroup, to which Buru is
purported to belong.
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Munro, Jenny. "Taking on development: Papuan youth, HIV/AIDS, and state discourse in Eastern Indonesia." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/500.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis provides an examination of how Papuan university students in eastern Indonesia react to Indonesian governance. Qualitative interviews investigate students' understandings of HIVIAIDS, an emerging threat in Papua around which the state makes moral claims and promotes development. Media discourse analysis reveals the way that "development" is used by the state for control, evaluation, regulation, and to make assertions about the quality and qualities of local people. Papuan students in Manado, Sulawesi are strongly influenced by development ideology. As they negotiate their way through state discourse, they show conformity and resistance to Indonesian development ideology, and by extension, governance.
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Williams, Catharina Purwani. "Maiden voyages : eastern Indonesian women on the move." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150035.
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Carnegie, Michelle Ann. "Place-based livelihoods and post-development challenges in Eastern Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150341.
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Doran, Stuart Robert. "Western friends and eastern neighbours, West New Guinea and Australian self-perception in relation to the United States, Britain and Southeast Asia, 1950-1962." 1999. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/7765.
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Gross, Stuart George. "Trouble in paradise a study of tourism, oppression and opposition on a small island in eastern Indonesia /." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/180705074.html.
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Miller, Alyssa. "Urban neighborhoods and environmental management case studies from Ambon, eastern Indonesia /." 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765031561&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233347640&clientId=23440.
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Tamelan, Thersia. "A grammar of Dela: an Austronesian language of Rote, eastern Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/250953.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a grammatical description of Dela (ISO 639-3:row), an Austronesian language of western Rote, eastern Indonesia, spoken by approximately 11,000 native speakers. The grammar describes and discusses issues from the phonology of the language to its discourse structure. Dela is a predominantly head-marking language with mostly prepositional SV/AVO typology and preposed possessors. Grammatical relations are determined by linear word order, co-indexing and behavioural properties. Dela is a nominative-accusative language. Thus, S/A are identical, as opposed to O/P. The Dela phoneme inventory consists of five basic vowels and 16 consonant phonemes, including two implosives and three prenasalised plosives. Stress consistently falls on the penultimate syllable of the roots. Like many Austronesian languages of eastern Indonesia, Dela has a preference for disyllabic roots with the form CVCV. Consonant clusters are only found after antepenultimate vowel deletion, and codas are highly restricted. Since word-final consonant clusters are prohibited, consonant-initial suffixes or enclitics often replace the final consonant of stems. Phonetically, long vowels are analysed as sequences of like VV, with each vowel being the head of a syllable nucleus. There are no single unit diphthongs in Dela. Like several other languages in Timor, words that are semantically adjectives in Indo-European languages have the morphosyntactic properties in Dela of either verbs or nouns, or both verbs and nouns. Pronouns are marked for person, number and clusivity, and only some pronouns have forms that distinguish case. Dela has a rich and complex morphology. Thus, morphologically complex words are common, formed through combinations of multiple affixes plus other word-formation processes, such as compounding or reduplication. The classical distinction between derivational and inflectional morphology is not always clear-cut for Dela. Subject marking is a notable feature of verbal morphology in Dela, and inflected verbs can occur as bases for other verbal or nominal derivational processes. A small number of verbs are found to have double subject marking. Typologically, Dela is a predominantly left-headed language, and, as expected, shows mostly post-head modifiers in the NP. The only pre-head modifiers are a pre-head quantifier and the preposed possessors. While Dela has six constructions that express possession, the preposed general possession and genitive constructions are the most common. Preposed possessors are also a common typological feature of Austronesian languages in eastern Indonesia and out into the Pacific, but rare to the west. Dela lacks an alienable and inalienable distinction as a noun class system, a distinction found in some languages in the region. The genitive and possessive constructions in Dela do not map onto clear semantic distinctions. Verb phrases also have pre-head and post-head modifiers. Dela is an aspect-prominent language. Clauses are mainly negated by a bipartite negator that embraces the negated element. Structurally, apart from the bipartite negator, which is marked with both pre-predicate and clause-final elements, the other negators occur in pre-predicate or clause-initial positions. Complex events are expressed by coordinated clauses, either through syndetic (overt connector) or asyndetic (no connector) strategies. Serial verb constructions are used extensively in Dela to express a variety of clause combinations and semantic functions, such as purpose, motion, direction, aspect and manner. Dela uses a variety of complementisers for verbs of speech, perception and cognition, and for purpose and result clauses. Tail-head linkage and poetic parallelisms are common structures in Dela discourse. In direct speech, quote formula always precedes the quote content.
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Kroon, Yosep Bisara. "A grammar of Solor – Lamaholot: a language of Flores, Eastern Indonesia." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/102380.
Full textAbstract:
This study is a grammatical description of an endangered language of eastern Indonesia called Lamaholot, spoken on the eastern part of Flores, and three neighboring small islands, Solor, Adonara and Lembata. The study focuses on the Solor dialect spoken over the entire Solor Island by about 20,000 people residing in
33 villages. The data for this study were collected from the native speakers in Karawatung village in three periods, each lasting for at least three months, through audio-video recording, elicitation and written document gathering. The language has a relatively simple phonological system. It has 16 native and 3 loan consonants, and 6 basic vowel qualities, where every oral vowel has a corresponding nasal vowel. It is an analytic language yet has a quite laborious morphological system because one form may signal different meanings. In clausal structures, there are mostly one-to-one corresponding between words and morphemes. Most bound morphemes are derivational and a few are inflectional affixes. The most important verbal affixes are clitics marking S or A arguments. Major word classes include nouns, verbs and adjectives. Adjectives share some identical properties with the other two classes; which is why some previous studies have hardly distinguished adjectives from nouns and verbs. The language has a Nominative-Accusative grammar system, with a fixed word order of SV(O). Phrases follow a modified-modifier pattern. Nearly all NPs in the Accessibility Hierarchy (Keenan & Comrie 1977) are relativizeable, except the object of comparison. The language has verbless and verbal clauses. It also has serial verb constructions used: (i) to encode oblique relations which, in non-serializing languages such as English, are expressed with prepositions; and (ii) to express secondary verbal concepts, which, for example in English, are modals and aspectual modifiers. Two prominent grammatical relations were discovered: Subjects and Objects. Objects are distinguished into two: a Primary Object that is the argument that comes immediately after a clause verbal predicate regardless of whether it is a direct or an indirect object, and a Secondary Object, which occurs farther away from the clause verb. The verbs in a serial verb construction mostly share the same subject argument, but the second verb may have its own additional argument which seems morphosyntactically like an object but is pragmatically an oblique. SL has some valence change operations including middle voice, reflexive and reciprocal, inverse, applicative and causative. Inverse constructions can only be translated into English as a passive clause, yet they are not passive in SL. Two distinct syntactic structures referred to here as subject prominent and topic prominent constructions may be considered as an active – passive counterpart in SL in an analysis following Shibatani (2006). With this perspective, SL can be assumed to have a passive system without passive morphology as is reported in some languages on Flores (Arka 2009).Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2016.
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Doran, Stuart Robert. "Western friends and eastern neighbours : West New Guinea and Australian self-perception in relation to the United States, Britain and Southeast Asia, 1950-1962." Phd thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147937.
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Graham, Penelope. "To follow the blood : the path of life in a domain of Eastern Flores, Indonesia." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116759.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis examines social structure as a product of human experience in the
domain of "five villages" (Lewolema) towards the eastern end of the island of Flores
in what is now the Republic of Indonesia. This entails an emphasis on the processual
aspect of cultural themes, as well as a recognition of the temporality of structures. It
thus involves consideration of the dynamic inherent in the model of exchange
described here and a continuing shift from more formal modes for the analysis of
asymmetric alliance to an approach which takes seriously the local symbolism
embedded in such structures. In exploring local representations of life, therefore, I
follow the trajectory of human life from its initiation in the womb through birth and
death to notions of the afterlife and relations with the ancestors. Equally salient to an
exploration of the nature of life in this area are representations of the developmental
cycle of cultivated crops and I refer to this complementary scheme of ideas and
practices throughout my account.
Within the political structure under the Raja of Larantuka, Lewotala the central
village of Lewolema was the historic seat of the "regent within the house" and, as
such, an adjunct to the ten regents of the districts in the realm. The ethnographic
data in the thesis focus on this village, now known officially as Bantala, comprising
over 1,500 people and consisting in recent times of two relatively separate
communities distinguished as Lewotala and Rian Kotek. The study concentrates on
the social and ritual organization of contemporary village life. In so doing, it depicts
social structure as an historically constituted framework for the culturally elaborated
strivings of local men and women in pursuit of their aspiration for life in its fullness.
In Chapter One, I focus on the local categories "blood" and "heat", then on the
concept of a person and, finally, on an iconic form and the ritual agency evoked in
rites of the life cycle in Lewotala. The next five chapters follow the path of human
beings from birth to death, drawing attention to the social structures and ritual
processes which both shape and are shaped by men's and women's experience. Thus,
Chapter Two describes birth rites as a transition to personhood. Chapter Three
explores not only men's and women's differential rights in clans, but also clans' rights
in people and their prerogatives in the social and ritual life of the community. Then
Chapter Four deals with marriage through a consideration of the strategies and
idioms, rites and exchanges that define it. In Chapter Five, I analyse relations of
kinship and affinity, looking at the principles involved as well as the characteristics
of social process which limit their range. Chapter Six considers what local treatment of death can tell us about the nature of life and examines mortuary rites for insights
into relevant aspects of eschatology and cosmology.
In conclusion, Chapter Seven provides an overview of local features of alliance
and exchange particularly salient for comparison with other accounts of structure and
experience in eastern Indonesia and the Austronesian world. In this comparative
dimension, the thesis is an instance of how it is possible to see each eastern
Indonesian society as "an expression of a set of common concerns about the nature
of life" (Fox 1990:21).
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Gunawan, Lalu Adi. "Adapting to climate change: perspectives from rural communities in Lombok, eastern Indonesia." Thesis, 2015. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/46424/1/46424-gunawan-2015-thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change and increasing variability will have especially profound adverse impacts upon the lives of rural communities in developing countries. However, households have differing asset bases and livelihood strategies, and therefore may have variable levels of vulnerability. Designing appropriate climate adaptation strategies must take these differences into account. This study examined the heterogeneity of vulnerability amongst rural communities in Lombok, Indonesia, and considers implications for climate adaptation policy interventions. Three villages, with differing natural resource bases, were selected as case studies: forest, rain-fed agriculture, and coastal fisheries and aquaculture. Based on a questionnaire survey (n=250), a household typology was generated. Cannon's (2008) vulnerability framework was applied to analyse the factors driving vulnerability for each household type in the villages. Interviews (n=72) with individuals from different household types were also employed to determine their perceptions about vulnerability and adaptation preferences. Participatory focus group discussions and social network mapping were also utilised to triangulate causes of vulnerability and dependencies between household types.
Three main key conclusions emerged. First, although climate variability contributes to increased livelihood vulnerability, the degradation of traditional institutions through modernisation and social change was considered to be a more serious problem. In particular, traditional institutions are an important source of adaptive capacity for poorer households. Second, community structures are complex, with different household types depending on one another for support. Social cohesion and mutual assistance are important for maintaining livelihood activities both in difficult times and during normal daily situations. Third, current development programs do not account for this variability of household types, their adaptation needs or the linkages between them. As a result, wealthier households benefit more than poorer ones, and there is little evidence of 'trickle down' benefits from rich to poor. This inequality could potentially lead to maladaptation.
These patterns were similar across all case study villages. However, the dynamic interactions among households types differed based on the strength of social cohesion and local institutions. Therefore adaptation policies must be better designed and be more egalitarian. Specifically they must restore and maintain traditional institutions and social capital. The 'vulnerability components framework' from Cannon (2008) was used to identify necessary intervention points for different household types. These components are interlinked to each other and enable understanding of what causes some people to be more at risk of a hazard than others.
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Adhuri, Dedy S. "Selling the sea, fishing for power : a study of conflict over marine tenure in the Kei Islands, eastern Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149666.
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