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Academic literature on the topic 'Eastern Cities)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Eastern Cities)"

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Rajagopalan, Mrinalini. "Planning Middle Eastern Cities." Journal of Architectural Education 59, no. 2 (November 2005): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1531-314x.2005.00023.x.

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Grodek, T., J. Lange, J. Lekach, and S. Husary. "Urban hydrology in mountainous middle eastern cities." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 3 (March 17, 2011): 953–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-953-2011.

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Abstract. The Mediterranean climate together with the type of urban setting found in mountainous Middle Eastern cities generate much lower runoff yields than previously reported and than usually estimated for urban design. In fact, a close analysis shows that most of the rainwater remains within the cities as a possible source for urban groundwater recharge. The present study examined two locales – Ramallah, an old traditional Palestinian Arab town, and Modiin, a new township in Israel – both situated on the karstic Yarkon Taninim aquifer. This aquifer supplies the only high-quality drinking water in the region (one quarter of the Israeli-Palestinian water demand), which is characterized by dense populations and limited water resources. This paper provides the first measured information on the hydrological effects of urbanization in the area. It was found that the shift of the mountainous natural steep slopes into a series of closed-terraces with homes and gardens create areas that are disconnected from the urban runoff response. Roofs drained into the attached gardens create favorable recharge units. Mainly low-gradient roads became the principal source for urban runoff already following 1–4 mm of rainfall. Parallel roads converted single peak hydrographs towards multi-peak runoff responses, increasing flow duration and reducing peak discharges. The remaining urban area (public parks, natural areas, etc.) generated runoff only as a result of high-magnitude rainstorms. All of the above conditions limited urban runoff coefficients to an upper boundary of only 35% and 30% (Ramallah and Modiin, respectively). During extreme rainstorms (above 100 mm) similar runoff coefficients were measured in urban and natural catchments as a result of the limited areas contributing to runoff in the urban areas, while natural terrain does not have these artificial limits. Hence, the effects of urbanization decrease with event magnitude and there is significant potential for urban groundwater recharge. However, frequent low-magnitude rainstorms often generate highly polluted stormwater in urban sewer systems and this water should only be used with great caution.
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Grodek, T., J. Lange, J. Lekach, and S. Husary. "Urban hydrology in mountainous middle eastern cities." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 5 (September 27, 2010): 7305–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-7305-2010.

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Abstract. The Mediterranean climate together with the type of urban setting found in mountainous Middle Eastern cities generate much lower runoff yields than previously reported and than usually estimated for urban design. In fact, a close analysis shows that most of the rainwater remains within the cities as a possible source for urban groundwater recharge. The present study examined two locales – Ramallah, an old traditional Palestinian Arab town, and Modiin, a new township in Israel – both situated on the karstic Yarkon Taninim aquifer. This aquifer supplies the only high-quality drinking water in the region (one quarter of the Israeli-Palestinian water demand), which is characterized by dense populations and limited water resources. This paper provides the first measured information on the hydrological effects of urbanization in the area. It was found that the shift of the mountainous natural steep slopes into a series of closed-terraced homes and gardens created areas that are disconnected from the urban runoff response. Roofs drained into the attached gardens and created favorable recharge units. Mainly low-gradient roads became the principal source for urban runoff already following 1–4 mm of rainfall. Parallel roads converted single peak hydrographs towards multi-peak runoff responses, increasing flow duration and reducing peak discharges. The remaining urban area (public parks, natural areas, etc.) generated runoff only as a result of high-magnitude rainstorms. All of the above conditions limited urban runoff coefficients to an upper boundary of only 22% and 30% (Ramallah and Modiin, respectively). During extreme rainstorms (above 100 mm) similar runoff coefficients were measured in urban and natural catchments as a result of the limited areas contributing to runoff in the urban areas, while natural terrain does not have these artificial limits. Hence, it was found, the effects of urbanization decrease with event magnitude and there is significant potential for urban groundwater recharge. However, frequent low-magnitude rainstorms often generate highly polluted stormwater in urban sewer systems and this water should only be used with great caution.
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TAKAHASHI, Seiichi. "Remains of Capital Cities in Eastern Asia." Japanese Journal of Human Geography 42, no. 5 (1990): 442–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.42.442.

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Guo, Shengqian, Xue Tang, Ting Meng, Jincan Chu, and Han Tang. "Industrial Structure, R&D Staff, and Green Total Factor Productivity of China: Evidence from the Low-Carbon Pilot Cities." Complexity 2021 (January 4, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6690152.

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Using data of 26 cities in China from 2004 to 2017, the green total factor productivity is investigated by the SMM-GML method. The corresponding empirical analysis is conducted with the DID model. This paper investigates the relation between low-carbon pilot policy (LCC) and green total factor productivity and discusses the mediating effect of industrial structure and the number of R&D staff (RDS). First, we find that LCC has a significant effect on pilot cities’ GTFP. And, it also promotes GTFP via industrial structure. Second, LCC can improve industrial structure optimization and realization, and industrial structure realization affects GTFP significantly, while optimization cannot. Third, LCC cannot attract more RDS, and RDS harms local GDFP because of talent misallocation. At last, the rate of GTFP presented different upward trends in the order of non-eastern cities and eastern cities. The effect of LCC on GTFP is significant in non-eastern cities, but not eastern ones, which clearly demonstrates the imbalanced development of the green economy. Therefore, the governments of eastern and non-eastern regions should adopt different measures based on local conditions in industrial structure transformation and recruitment and strengthen environmental regulations to make the effect of the low-carbon policy lasting and promote GTFP growth balance in all regions.
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Hosier, R. "Energy and Environmental Management in Eastern African Cities." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, no. 9 (September 1992): 1231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a241231.

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Cities in eastern Africa have been growing at an unheralded pace, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Despite this rapid urbanization, very little research has been focused on energy and the environment in urban eastern Africa. This paper contains a review of what little work has been carried out to date. Several conclusions are pointed out. First, cities throughout the region remain small and have formed largely without industrial development. ‘Urbanization without industrialization’ means that the existing urban environmental problems are attributable to inadequate provision of service and not to the industrialization-linked problems found in more developed countries. Even if economic growth improves, action will be necessary to alleviate existing environmental problems. Second, the expected rapid pace of urban growth will impose tremendous costs at all levels. Increased user costs, either through reliance on private-sector alternatives or through public-sector tariffs, must be increasingly relied upon to defray the fiscal impacts of rapid urbanization and to assure the sustainability of urban infrastructural systems. Third, as the anticipated urban growth and industrialization take place, the focus of energy and environmental planners working on cities in eastern Africa will shift from basic service provision to increasingly complex problems. These shifts will require labor and financial resources far exceeding those currently found in these countries. Fourth, although energy and environmental needs may differ according to the size of the city, there has been little or no attention paid to problems outside of the primate cities. As a result, it is unclear how the problems and solutions will differ across the urban hierarchy. Clearly, urban planners need to consider the importance of energy and the environment. At the same time, energy and environmental researchers must pay greater attention to urban areas.
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Kühn, Manfred, Matthias Bernt, and Laura Colini. "Power, politics and peripheralization: Two Eastern German cities." European Urban and Regional Studies 24, no. 3 (May 8, 2016): 258–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776416637207.

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Increasing socio-spatial inequalities in Europe have led to a revival of the term “peripheralization” in urban and regional research. In this context, peripheralization is often seen as an outcome of powerlessness. It is stated that peripheralized actors are lacking the capacities to influence decisions or are excluded from decision-making networks. This paper contributes to the understanding of the relationship between peripheralization and power by empirically testing if the notion of “powerless” peripheries holds true in the light of established theories on local power. Therefore, we refer to the Community Power Debate, especially to concepts known as the “three faces of power” and the distinction between “power over” and “power to”, which were brought forward by Urban Regime theories. We discuss two empirical cases in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, and demonstrate that peripheralization here cannot be regarded as the outcome of an intended disadvantage facilitated by powerful elites (“power over”). Rather, we highlight a number of structural constraints, which decisively limit the capacity to act and the scope for local decision-making (“power to”). We conclude that future research should overcome a perspective on peripheries as exclusively being dominated and disadvantaged by the centres and focus on the lack of resources that hinders peripheries to have a more sustained influence in political decision-making.
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Chen, Kun, Yinrong Chen, Qingying Zhu, and Min Liu. "The Relationship between Environmental Regulation, Industrial Transformation Change and Urban Low-Carbon Development: Evidence from 282 Cities in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 12837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912837.

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Environmental regulation (ER) plays an important role in urban low-carbon development (ULCD). First of all, we evaluate the ULCD level of 282 cities in China from 2005 to 2020 by constructing an index group and entropy method. Two panel models are then used to test the spillover effects and threshold effects of ER and industrial structure on ULCD. The results show that the ULCD level of most cities is still in grade III (0.27–0.38) or IV (0.38–0.49), and the level of central-western cities is generally lower than that of eastern cities. Furthermore, the spillover effect of ER and industrial structure upgrading (UIS) on ULCD is positive in eastern cities (0.038) but opposite in central or western cities (−0.024). Further results show that the positive effects of optimization of industrial structure (OIS) and UIS are gradually increasing with the improvement of ER. However, the positive effects are more beneficial to the eastern cities. Therefore, the conclusions of this study can provide a decision-making reference for local government to comprehensively formulate environmental and industrial policies to enhance the low-carbon development of cities.
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Wang, Ke, and Xueying Yu. "Industrial Energy and Environment Efficiency of Chinese Cities: An Analysis Based on Range-Adjusted Measure." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 16, no. 04 (July 28, 2014): 1023–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622014400033.

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Industrial energy and environment efficiency evaluation is essential in guiding national and environmental policy making, since the industrial sector is the largest energy consumer and major pollutants producer in China. This study utilizes the Range-Adjusted Measure (RAM)-based models to evaluate the energy and environment efficiency of industrial sectors in 31 Chinese major cities. The empirical results show that eastern Chinese cities outperform their western counterparts in terms of industrial energy efficiency, and central Chinese cities outperform their eastern counterparts in terms of industrial environment efficiency. Under natural disposability, 23 cities exhibit decreasing returns to scale, and under managerial disposability, 18 cities exhibit increasing damages to scale.
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Li, Shicheng, Jian Gong, Qinghai Deng, and Tianyu Zhou. "Impacts of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway on Accessibility and Economic Linkage of the Third Pole." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 31, 2018): 3982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113982.

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Constructing the Qinghai–Tibet Railway (QTR) was a landmark project and was beneficial to the sustainable development of the Third Pole. To understand the sustainable development of remote regions by the provision of railway, we studied the QTR’s impact on accessibilities and economic linkages for four cities in the Third Pole, Xining, Golmud, Nagqu, and Lhasa, and between these four cities and 29 capital cities in mid-eastern China. First, employing average shortest travel time (ASTT) and weighted average travel time (WATT) as indicators, we calculated the railway-based accessibilities for June 2006 and January 2013. Then, using a gravity model, railway-based economic linkages were determined. The results demonstrate that: (i) ASTT for Xining–Golmud decreased by 4.14 h from June 2006 to January 2013. Both ASTT and WATT indicated that the accessibilities of the four cities and between these four cities and 29 capital cities in mid-eastern China improved significantly, and the spatial disparity in accessibility for the four cities decreased, which increased the balance and sustainability of the transportation system; (ii) the average contribution rate of the QTR to improving economic linkages for six routes among the four cities was 25.29%, with the Xining–Nagqu and Nagqu–Lhasa linkages improving most significantly; (iii) the QTR strengthened economic linkages between the four cities and mid-eastern cities. Because of the QTR, the economic linkages between the four cities and 29 capital cities increased 27.58% on average. The spatial disparity in interurban economic linkages also decreased. Transporting products from Tibet should be promoted to strengthen the sustainability of economic growth.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eastern Cities)"

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Plante, Mathieu. "Extratropical cyclone climatology for eastern Canadian cities." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121563.

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In this study, a Lagrangian tracking algorithm is applied to the 850-hPa relative vorticity field to characterize extratropical cyclone tracks across eastern Canada. Seasonal cycles are examined in terms of overall cyclone frequency, intensity, regions of development and decay. We found that cyclones tend to develop over the Rockies, the Great Lakes or the Western Atlantic. They are most intense over Newfoundland and North Atlantic, and decay over Greenland. Cyclones tracking across Toronto, Montreal, Halifax and St-John's are further analyzed, with typical cyclone tracks, origin, frequency, mean local growth rate, and mean intensity. Among others, we found that cyclone activities at east coast cities (Halifax, St-John's) are dominated by Atlantic cyclones, more frequent in winter, while Montreal's and Toronto's cyclones travel primarily from the Great Lakes, frequent and intense in spring and autumn. Cyclones from the Gulf of Mexico are not frequent, but extreme. The relationship between winter cyclone tracks and modes of atmospheric variability are also examined with an emphasis on the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific North American pattern (PNA). An ENSO and PNA-related oscillation between continental and coastal cyclones is confirmed. The inter-annual variability of winter cyclones cross eastern Canadian cities are quantified. Cyclone activities in Toronto and Montreal shown to be modulated by ENSO and PNA, while NAO dominates the cyclone variability in Halifax and St-John's. The local cyclone variability is found to be small in terms of overall cyclone statistics, but important in terms of changes in the origins of the local cyclones.
Un algorithme est appliqué sur le tourbillon relatif à 850-hPa afin de calculer la trajectoire des cyclones affectant l'Est du Canada. Les variations saisonnières de ces trajectoires sont approfondies par l'étude de plusieurs paramètres, tels que la fréquence, l'intensité, l'origine, le taux de développement et le taux de dissipation des cyclones. L'étude démontre que les cyclones se développent principalement au dessus des Rocheuse, des Grands Lacs et de la côte Est des États-Unis, et se dissipent près des côtes Est et Ouest du Groendland. Les plus intenses se trouvent à Terre Neuve et au Nord de l'Atlantique. Ces statistiques de cyclones sont ensuite évaluées plus spécifiquement pour les cyclones atteignant Toronto, Montréal, Halifax et St-John's. Entre autre, il est démontré que les villes côtières sont pricipalement affectées par les cyclones en provenance de la côte Est Américaine, fréquents en hiver, tandis que Toronto et Montréal sont principalement affectés par les cyclones en provenance des Grands Lacs, plutôt fréquents au printemps et à l'automne. Les cyclones en provenance du Golf du Mexique sont moins fréquents, mais constituent une grande partie des extrêmes. La variation inter-annuelle de l'activité cyclonique est ensuite évaluée selon différents régimes de variabilité climatiques, tels qu'ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation), le NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) et le PNA (Pacific-North America). Les résultats consolident la présence d'une oscillation entre cyclones continentaux et cyclones côtiers pendant ENSO. L'étude démontre que la variabilité cyclonique inter-annuelle à Toronto et Montréal est dominée par ENSO et le PNA, tandis que le NAO a un plus grand impact à Halifax et à St-John's.
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Gomez-Jacobo, Mercedes Lissette. "ASSESSING EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE TRENDS IN MAJOR EASTERN US CITIES." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2236.

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Summer (JJA) temperature (T) and equivalent temperature (TE) for 18 of the largest cities in the eastern United States are investigated for two time periods: 1948-2014 and 1973-2014. Because temperature provides an incomplete description of lower tropospheric heat content, we supplement with TE, which also accounts for the energy associated with moisture. An auxiliary investigation using air mass data from the Spatial Synoptic Classification (SSC) augments the investigation of T and TE trends. The trend analysis revealed significant trends in Tmin at all stations over the 67-year time period and over most stations for the shorter (41-year) period. Minimum TE likewise increases nearly everywhere in the longer series, but at only around half of the stations in the shorter series. Stations with increasing TE in the shorter period are primarily coastal or located in the southern and upper Midwest, where there has also been a noticeable lack of warming. Our results also exhibit a decrease in the diurnal TE range that accompanies the documented decrease in diurnal temperature range over the same period. Trends in T and TE are evaluated in the context of changes in air mass frequency. A heat wave analysis was also conducted to identify changes in intensity and frequency using T and TE Overall, our findings suggest that TE provides a more comprehensive perspective on recent climate change than T alone. With heat wave frequency and intensity projected to increase, we recommend adoption of TE to account for changes in total surface heat content.
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Al-Alwani, Mustafa. "Towards sustainable Middle Eastern cities : a local sustainability assessment framework." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3010.

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The construction of a guiding methodological framework for local sustainability assessment is a key to achieving a sustainable future. This study develops an approach to local sustainability assessment (ALSA), a methodological framework that facilitates the formulation, selection and prioritisation of key indicators to guide the assessment of city sustainability at a local level in Middle Eastern cities. Based on a literature review, this research devised a methodological framework, ALSA, which is a combination of the Commission on Sustainable Development’s (CSD)Theme Indicator Framework (2001) (themes, sub themes and indicators) and a Goal-Based Framework (indicators that most directly reflect the issues of a case study and its local communities and stakeholders). This combination framework is shown to be more appropriate in this instance than other types of frameworks, in terms of overcoming some inherent weaknesses, leading to the adoption of a top-down / bottom-up approach. Such an approach is shown to be the best way of developing indicators which are (top-down) scientifically valid and generic with (bottom-up) stakeholder and local communities needs. The ALSA methodological framework involves four steps, which are: issue identification, objective formulation, indicator formulation and indicator selecting and ranking. The first set of proposed indicators contained 98 indicators. This set of proposed indicators was revised and analysed by means of a series of shared ideas from literature and through consultation with experts from specific areas, using a workshop format. This revision stage was used to reformulate and select valid and useful indicators (comparable, measurable, and sensitive). The second set of valid and useful indicators (after the first revisions) contains 57 indicators. The indicators were ranked on the basis of priority to identify a final set of indicators that cover the four dimensions of sustainability, which are defined within this work as environmental, social, economic and institutional. The evaluation (SWOT analysis) of this framework was examined during this study. The city of Hilla, Iraq, was selected as a case study to prove the applicability of the ALSA methodological framework in a real world case study. It is argued that this study is pioneering in adding knowledge and understanding of the development of a methodological framework to provide local sustainability indicators in a post-conflict, Middle Eastern city in an oil-rich country. It is concluded that the ALSA methodological framework provides an efficient and rigorous approach for the formulation, selection and prioritization of key indicators that will measure and encapsulate the essence of a sustainable city and could help Middle Eastern cities achieve higher levels of progress towards sustainability in practice.
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Lam, Han. "Minibus transport in Far Eastern cities, with special reference to Beijing." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1337/.

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Transport systems employing small sized vehicles and operated under an informal institutional structure are the essence of unconventional wisdom of urban transport planning in the Third World. The minibus is one of the many types of unconventional passenger carriers which primarily originate from indigenous technology. In the Far East, minibuses play a crucial role in moving commuters in large urban areas. Using minibuses in urban passenger transport services is interesting phenomena in urban transport planning in both developed and developing countries. Being small the minibus can ply along narrow streets often seen in crowded residential quarters and thus provide users with a high level of accessibility to trip ends. Furthermore, providers of minibus transport services are profitable, associated with small scale business and informal organizational structure and, more interestingly, often under private ownership. The minibus system in Beijing is one of the most recent public transport systems established in the Far East. It is distinctive in that the providers can be financially viable under state ownership and in large fleets. This study examines the system's service style, ownership pattern and organizational structure which are thought to have influenced the undertakings' financial performance. The findings suggest that neither ownership nor institutional structure contributes directly to profitability. The main factors for financial viability rest upon the self-reliance and entrepreneurship within the industry, which stimulates labour efficiency of the crews. Besides, the 'near-monopolistic' market and the limited total supply serving a huge population, also create opportunities for providers to charge high fares. On the basis of the findings, the study recommends that, in order to encourage the passenger transport business, a competitive market mechanism should be developed within the industry, with the participation of all sectors. The major outcome of this study is the building of a model of transport planning for developing cities. The essence of the model is that in low-income countries, cheap labour is an important resource which should be utilized fully in substitution for expensive imported technology, and that the use of modern technology should follow the affordability of the citizens and the condition of economic development. In conclusion, the study confirms that the unconventional transport wisdom is an appropriate approach that should be given proper weight, especially in the developing world.
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Mänd, Anu. "Urban Carnival : festive culture in the hanseatic cities of the eastern Baltic, 1350-1550 /." Turnhout : Brepols, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39949275m.

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Texte fondé sur: Dissertation--Medieval studies department--Budapest--Central european university, 2000. Titre de soutenance : The urban festival in late medieval Livonia : norm, practice, perception.
Bibliogr. p. 335-357. Index.
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Rizos, Efthymios. "Cities, architecture and society in the Eastern and Central Balkans during Late Antiquity( c.AD 250-600." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540175.

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Mohamed, Tarek Abdelsalam. "Architectural identity in eastern Arab cities : developing an assessment method with particular reference to the Aga Khan awards." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270437.

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Liao, Pei-Ling. "The adaptation of the cultural and creative industries cluster policy in Eastern Asian cities : the case studies in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5229/.

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Cultural and creative industries (CCIs) clusters have been a privileged policy approach to expand urban and economic development in Eastern Asian cities, such as Singapore, Hong-Kong, Shang-Hai and Taipei. Most CCIs clusters examples in Eastern Asian cities, combine both urban planning and economic rationales and take the form of mega-projects and various initiatives. These restricted economic and planning approaches generate debates on the effects of cluster policy on the development of CCIs in Eastern Asian cities because policy-makers emphasize the economic effect of CCIs, but neglect the local contexts in terms of existing and potential markets and consumption levels. The thesis presents a more holistic approach including cultural, economic and planning components to assess the effectiveness of a bottom-up initiative Hua-Shan Cultural Park and a top-down initiative NanKang Software Industrial Park in Taipei. The research is based on a longitudinal approach and discusses the perspectives of the various actors involved in this initiative over time: the cluster operators, the policy makers and the CCIs representatives (including individual workers, companies and NGOs). By contrasting these different perspectives, this article demonstrates the types of issues, conflicts and compromises that can happen during the implementation process of cluster policies as well as potential emerging collaboration and impacts on CCIs actors. This thesis concludes by exploring the implications of taking into account the local contexts when implementing such policies and further suggests ways for policy makers to better do so in Eastern Asian cities.
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White, Richard Charles Crookes. "Small town South Africa: the historical geography of selected Eastern Cape towns and current development initiatives within them." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003288.

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Small towns can be seen as the fundamental building blocks of tbe urban system. Through time, some of these towns have lost the primary reason for their existence. Some towns that have been declining or stagnating include old mining and industrial towns, such as Indwe in the Eastern Cape or Welkom in the Free State. Some towns have also changed the main focus of tbeir economy, for example, from that of mining to that of tourism, as in the case of Utrecht in Kwa-Zulu Natal (Nel, 2002). In light of the above, this thesis seeks to critically evaluate what has happened in selected small towns in the Eastern Cape. The research investigated a number of towns in the Eastern Cape, looking at the history and influence of colonisation, population dynamics, education levels, employment opportunities, migration and the influence of capitalism on the economic and social structure of the town, as well as tbe evolution of its economy. The research sample consisted of interviews witb local historians, community leaders, development agencies and individuals who were benefiting from tbe various development initiatives/project in the towns. These interviews, in conjunction with the literature identified, were conducted in the selected small towns, assessing whether development was succeeding and, in conclusion, identifying witb reference to the study sites, what was learnt. The research process generated a number of lessons that need to be taken into consideration when attempting social and economic upliftment in small towns. These include: the need for leadership, support from the local population and the need for financial assistance to support and uplift the community.
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Abdelhamed, Muna H. "The economic condition of the main Cyrenaican cities (north-eastern Libya) from the Hellenistic to the mid-Roman period : textual analysis." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/43061.

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This thesis investigates cereals, grapes and horses as key examples of Cyrenaica's agro-pastoral economic resources in the Hellenistic and early-mid Roman periods. These have been examined in three case studies to indicate the region's potential for producing annual crops, fruiting plants and animal products. Since cereals and horses are difficult to trace archaeologically and the archaeological data associated with grape cultivation and wine production is quite modest, the main database used in this thesis relates to textual evidence. This includes the literary documents of the Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Ottomans, and the first European travellers. The epigraphy and a papyrus relating to the period of study are also significant data used in this project. The epigraphic data collected from the Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica (IGCyr), Greek Verse Inscriptions of Cyrenaica (GVCyr) and Inscriptions of Roman Cyrenaica (IRCyr) projects are the principal sources of information. Using textual data required me to implement new approaches to test the region's agro-pastoral capacity. In order to demonstrate the region's connectivity, the thesis investigates some of the imported commodities and highlights things that were perhaps exported in return. It also discusses the reasons why Cyrenaican citizens received honours attested in external and local epigraphic evidence. The research suggests that these people were Cyrenaican cereal traders involved in Mediterranean commercial activities. Additionally, ancient geographical references to Cyrenaican coastal sites including harbours and anchorages receive close attention in this thesis. The 16 maritime points (9 are ports and anchorages) between Cherronesos (Χερρόνησος) and Catabathmus (Κατάβαθμος) mentioned in Stadiasmus, raises a question about the maritime connectivity between Cyrenaica and Egypt in the second century AD. Finally, the results also allow me to draw a clear picture of the economic contribution of Libyan groups to Cyrenaica's prosperity. This includes harvesting silphium, breeding animal and connecting Cyrenaica with the African Sahara.
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Books on the topic "Eastern Cities)"

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Yenişehirlioğlu, Filiz, Eyüp Özveren, and Tülin Selvi Ünlü, eds. Eastern Mediterranean Port Cities. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93662-8.

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Great cities of Eastern Europe. Santa Fe, N.M: John Muir Publications, 1992.

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Cities of the eastern Roman provinces. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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(Firm), MapArt. Eastern & Northern Ontario. Oshawa: Peter Heiler, 2004.

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Eastern & Northern Ontario. 2nd ed. Oshawa: MapArt Publishing, 2001.

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u-landsforskning, Sweden Beredningen för. Urban origins in Eastern Africa: A SAREC-supported archaeological research programme in Eastern Africa. [Stockholm, Sweden]: Sarec, Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries, 1993.

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Guth, Peter. The restoration of cities in Eastern Germany: Weimar. Bonn: Inter-Nationes, 1999.

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Munsī, Sunīla. Dynamics of urban growth in Eastern India. Kolkata: Thema, 2011.

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Dynamics of urban growth in Eastern India. Kolkata: Thema, 2011.

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Ian, Hamilton F. E., Andrews Kaliopa Dimitrovska, and Pichler-Milanović Nataša, eds. Transformation of cities in Central and Eastern Europe: Towards globalization. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Eastern Cities)"

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Stryjakiewicz, Tadeusz. "Shrinking cities in postsocialist countries of Central-Eastern and South-Eastern Europe." In Postsocialist Shrinking Cities, 235–55. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367815011-20.

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Mohammadi, Nastaran Keshavarz, Mohammad Assai, and Samar ElFeky. "Healthy Cities in the Eastern Mediterranean: From Sanitation to Comprehensive Policy." In Healthy Cities, 133–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6694-3_7.

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Mazanik, Anna. "Learning From Smaller Cities." In Interurban Knowledge Exchange in Southern and Eastern Europe, 1870–1950, 119–33. 1st Edition. | New York : Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2020. | Series: Routledge advances in urban history ; vol 9: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429319235-8.

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Rădvan, Laurențiu. "Towns and cities." In The Routledge Handbook of East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1300, 245–64. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429276217-15.

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Vilenica, Ana, Ioana Florea, Veda Popovici, and Zsuzsi Pósfai. "Urban struggles and theorising from Eastern European cities." In Global Urbanism, 306–16. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429259593-41.

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Aichinger, Cliff. "Institutional Structures for Water Management in the Eastern United States." In The Water Environment of Cities, 217–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84891-4_11.

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Swianiewicz, Pawel. "Changing Forms of Urban Government in Central and Eastern Europe." In Governing Cities in a Global Era, 93–112. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230608795_7.

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Saegesser, Barbara. "Fifteen years of psychoanalytical fieldwork in Eastern African cities." In Trauma, Flight and Migration, 165–73. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003203223-15.

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Shen, Jianfa, and Gordon Kee. "Prospect of China’s Coastal Cities." In Development and Planning in Seven Major Coastal Cities in Southern and Eastern China, 239–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46421-3_9.

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Schneider, Petra, Ralf Löser, and Frank Gössel. "Flood Risk Protection Concept for the Urban Region Geising/Altenberg in the Flood Formation Area of the Eastern Ore Mountains, Germany." In Resilient Cities 2, 89–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4223-9_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Eastern Cities)"

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Ivanova, A. P. "FAR EASTERN FOLK ARCHITECTURE: CITIES AND SUBURBIA." In “SUBURBAN REVOLUTION” AND PERIPHERAL URBAN TERRITORIES IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE. Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/978-5-7925-0571-1-2019-1-80-85.

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Ivanova, A. P. "FAR EASTERN FOLK ARCHITECTURE: CITIES AND SUBURBIA." In “SUBURBAN REVOLUTION” AND PERIPHERAL URBAN TERRITORIES IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE. Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/978-5-7925-0571-1-2019-2-178-183.

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Shaham, Yonatan, and Itzhak Benenson. "Modeling urban fires in Mediterranean and Middle-Eastern cities." In 2016 IEEE Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ths.2016.7568962.

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Bakırtaş, Tahsin, and Orhan Kandemir. "Mass Migration Process between Turkey’s Eastern Regions and Seaboard-Western Regions." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00185.

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In the study, the aim is to analyze the economic causes of the migration phenomenon that is the most important problem of today’s Turkey, and to suggest different policy proposals for the solution of the problem. Within this frame, by accepting sixteen cities that receive high rates of migration according to arithmetical average of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 periods indicated in the Address-Based Population Registration System as “center of attraction”, migration movements from eastern cities and from cities apart from eastern cities (western cities) to these sixteen cities of “center of attraction” were analyzed separately. In order to explain migration that oriented to centers of attraction, a multiple regression model that is convenient with international literature was formed. In this model, the number of enterprise that represents employment opportunity, the number of green card holders that represents poverty related to low income, the number of illiterates that represents lack of education and lastly the number of criminals that represents unrest were taken as independent variables. According to analysis results, independent variables that are used in the model explained migration process in both eastern cities and western cities as above 90%. On the other hand, when the coefficient rates of independent variables are examined, it was revealed that the most important determinant in economic migration is the employment opportunity. Consequently, making only income increasing social aids in regions where migration to other cities takes place is not sufficient; in addition to that, increasing employment opportunities is a healthier and a long-term solution.
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Sauhats, Antans, Janis Inde, Guntars Vempers, and Viktoria Neimane. "On Co-generation Strategies in the Cities of North-Eastern Europe." In 2007 IEEE Power Tech. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pct.2007.4538392.

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Sobierajewicz, Piotr. "THE NEW ERA OF SUSTAINABLE CITIES IN EASTERN EUROPE DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS." In 6th SWS International Scientific Conference on Social Sciences ISCSS 2019. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscss.2019.5/s19.050.

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Pozdnyakova, Tatyana M. "Comparative Method In Studying Development Trends In The Far-Eastern Cities." In International Scientific Conference. European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.06.87.

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Tierney, T. F. "Developing the Operational City: Sidewalk Labs & Toronto’s Eastern Waterfront." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.4.

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In social media and the popular press, there is much discussion over the City of Toronto’s decision to partner with Google on their Eastern Waterfront development, however, there has not been enough scholarly research on its long-term implications. First, this public-private partnership signals a new model for urban design professionals. Second, intelligent infrastructure will be harvesting citizen data continuously and autonomously twenty-four hours per day. Google will build on its reputation as the world’s largest search and data aggregation company by layering the city with a ubiquitous wireless network on top of city services, forming an informational stack that will invisibly orchestrate communication, economics, and energy. Artificial intelligence software will analyze the resultant mass of citizen data, and use it to automatically inform decisions that will shape future city services. Those analytical feedback loops will create an operational city, one where cars drive themselves and smartphones know what residents want and where to find it – all in real time. Is this the future vision for our cities?
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"Method and Practice of Land Estimate in some Cities of Eastern Siberia." In Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 1995. ERES, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres1995_105.

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Vinokurova, A. V. "SUBURBS OF LARGE RUSSIAN FAR EASTERN CITIES: TERRITORIAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT (CASE OF VLADIVOSTOK)." In “SUBURBAN REVOLUTION” AND PERIPHERAL URBAN TERRITORIES IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE. Buryat Scientific Center of SB RAS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31554/978-5-7925-0571-1-2019-1-73-79.

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Reports on the topic "Eastern Cities)"

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Adams, Mary Beth, Dale S. Nichols, Anthony C. Federer, Keith F. Jensen, and Harry Parrott. Screening procedure to evaluate effects of air pollution on Eastern Region wildernesses cited as Class I air quality areas. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-151.

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Adams, Mary Beth, Dale S. Nichols, Anthony C. Federer, Keith F. Jensen, and Harry Parrott. Screening procedure to evaluate effects of air pollution on Eastern Region wildernesses cited as Class I air quality areas. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-151.

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Golovko, Khrystyna. TRAVEL REPORT BY ALEKSANDER JANTA-POŁCZYNSKI «INTO THE USSR» (1932): FROG PERSPECTIVE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11091.

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The article analyzes a series of materials by Aleksander Janta-Polczynski «Into the USSR» from Soviet Russia during the in 1932, published on «Wiadomości Literackiе». The purpose of this article is explain the uniqueness of the reporter’s style and personality. We want to emphasize the role of Janta-Polczynski as the pioneer of reportage journalism. He was the first who worked professionally in this position in the full sense of this word. Analyzed the cycle of Alexander Janta-Polczynski from Russia, we can emphasize the scale of the reporter’s trip: in 1932 the journalist made the largest journalistic trip to the USSR. Janta visited the Eastern republics, which differed from the popular Moscow and Leningrad. Also, he saw the largest construction in the USSR at this time – which it bragged about russian newspapers – Magnitogorsk and Dneprostroy. For a better understanding are given the visual examples from reportorial texts. It should be noted that for Janta the main task of the reporter is to show what is seen and recorded: only facts and personal experience in communication. This cycle can safely be called a journey and social expedition. The main task for Janta the scene where the reportage takes place is to find proper characters and convince them of the importance of their story. These are the materials of a reporter – an eyewitness, not a researcher, a report from the scene, which pushes the reader to an independent conclusion. We explore that all the Janta-Polczynski texts are inextricably linked by looking into the «middle» of the process: the diversity of what is seen allows the journalist to look for differences and similarities, compare, look at the fundamental components, track changes and distinguish them. Special attention was paid to a low-angle shot in his materials. He describes how Soviet society lives, how factories work, how the system of educating a Soviet person, goes to the movies and exhibitions, communicates with ordinary citizens. Undoubtedly, all this is successfully complemented by the factual detail and uniqueness of the author’s style.
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