Academic literature on the topic 'East Prussia (Germany)'
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Journal articles on the topic "East Prussia (Germany)"
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Colla, Marcus. "Constructing the Prussia-Myth in East Germany, 1945–61." Journal of Contemporary History 54, no. 3 (July 26, 2018): 527–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009418768860.
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In postwar East Germany, dealing with the history of Prussia was problematic. While ‘Prussianism’ or the ‘Spirit of Prussia’ was widely perceived as a central cause of Nazism, it also could not be ignored when developing ‘progressive’ narratives of German history. This article investigates the political, intellectual and symbolic construction of a ‘Prussia-myth’ in the early postwar years. In particular, it investigates how the ‘Prussia-myth’ was adapted to changing political conditions, the theoretical contradictions this engendered, and the manner in which historians and cultural figures dealt with these problems when educating the East German population at large.
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Colla, Marcus. "Prussian Palimpsests: Historic Architecture and Urban Spaces in East Germany, 1945–1961." Central European History 50, no. 2 (June 2017): 184–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938917000280.
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AbstractThis article considers the fate of Prussian buildings and memorials in East Germany between 1945 and 1961. Analyzing a number of case studies from Berlin and Potsdam, it places the treatment of these structures within the broader contours of history management practices. Although this era was characterized by a strong anti-Prussian sentiment in the GDR's historical discourse, it also witnessed a complex interaction between the SED and its historical inheritance. This interaction often influenced decisions about the fate of Prussian structures in the GDR as much as any animosity toward Prussia as a historical entity did.
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Shindo, Rikako. "EAST PRUSSIA, LITHUANIA AND THE SOVIET UNION AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR: THE FOREIGN STRATEGY OF A GERMAN EXCLAVE DURING THE 1920S." Problems of World History, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2016-1-8.
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This paper deals with the foreign strategy of East Prussia after World War I. Special consideration is given to the ways in which East Prussia tried to overcome the political and economic difficulties that had arisen when it found itself surrounded on all sides by foreign countries during the 1920s. After the World War I, East Prussia aimed to re-establish its previous trade relations with the regions of the former Russian Empire. The intensive struggle for survival in which the local and regional governments of Königsberg and its economic representatives were involved resulted from the fact that the province now formed an exclave – a unique situation not only in the history of Prussia, but also in the history of Germany. Owing to the unsolvable territorial conflicts in Eastern Europe, all attempts to come to terms with the situation and its implications were doomed to have only very limited success.
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BOCHACZEK-TRĄBSKA, Joanna. "ACTIVITY OF BRANCH 3 IN BYDGOSZCZ IN THE 1930s. OPERATION “WÓZEK”." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 162, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3221.
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From the moment Poland regained independence, national security was threatened by Germany. This article shows the activity of Branch 3 of Unit II of the General Staff of the Polish Army in Bydgoszcz in the face of the war threat. Branch 3 conducted both military intelligence and counterintelligence activities. Operation “Wózek” carried out by the branch is worth attention. Its objective was to check German parcels, especially military ones, transported from Germany to East Prussia and the Free City of Gdańsk [Polish: Wolne Miasto Gdańsk]. Such a way of obtaining valuable intelligence material was not only important but also inexpensive. Operation “Wózek” contributed to the identification of German preparations for their aggression against Poland in September 1939.
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Knyżewski, Jakub. "Konstruowanie historii regionu. Przeszłość i pamięć na lamach olsztyńskiej „Borussii"." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 55, no. 4 (November 22, 2011): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2011.55.4.13.
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The article elaborates on the accomplishments of those centered round a magazine “Borussia. Culture. History. Literature” which, while following a constructivist vision of history, seeks an answer to a question about a role of the heritage of East Prussia and Germany in contemporary Poland. Thus, a challenge has been taken to not only examine the region’s past, but also to examine the creation of contemporary civil society which is aware of what was the past of the land on which they live. Elements of multicultural image of East Prussia emerging from “Borussia” articles, create a metaphoric “Atlantis of the North” — idealized multicultural land, dominated by the spirit of tolerance. Such an image, together with the idea of “open regionalism” comprises a preferred image of contemporary regional identity.
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Alvis, Robert E. "Holy Homeland: The Discourse of Place and Displacement among Silesian Catholics in Postwar West Germany." Church History 79, no. 4 (November 26, 2010): 827–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640710001046.
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The author of the above quotation, Rudolf Jokiel, was one of over twelve million ethnic Germans expelled from their homes in Germany's eastern provinces (East Prussia, Pomerania, Brandenburg, and Silesia), the Sudetenland, and other pockets of Eastern Europe at the end of World War II and resettled within the country's truncated postwar borders. The expellees bitterly lamented their enforced exile, and many Christians within this population shared Jokiel's sentiments concerning the connection between faith and homeland. Those who settled in the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) developed an elaborate network of overlapping subcultures dedicated to preserving their memories of lost homelands and advocating for their right to return there. In the process, these lands came to acquire a distinctly religious aura, holy places that were integral to their spiritual well-being.
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Eberhardt, Piotr. "Przemiany narodowościowe w Kraju Kłajpedzkim w XX wieku." Sprawy Narodowościowe, no. 37 (February 18, 2022): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sn.2010.023.
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Population Transformations in the Klaipeda Region in the 20th CenturyThe Klaipeda Region is now an integral part of Lithuania. This was not, however, always the case; the region has a strong German history. (Its historical German name was Memelland, while in Lithuanian it was called Klaipedos Krastas.) Until 1525, the Klaipeda Region belonged to the Teutonic Order, but later changed hands several times. Initially, it belonged to the Duchy of Prussia (until 1701; and until 1657 was dependent as a fief of Poland), was later controlled by the Kingdom of Prussia (until 1871), and then finally became part of the German Empire (until 1919). For Germans, the province was a historical part of Eastern Prussia until 1945. For Lithuanians, the Klaipeda Region, as well as the area located along the north-eastern part of East Prussia on the south bank of the Neman River, was known as Little Lithuania (Lithuania Minor). The Lithuanians considered this territory to be their own ethnic land, which was wrongfully subjected to gradual Germanization. Before World War II this area was inhabited by Protestants who spoke Lithuanian or German. The 1920 census lists the territory’s population at 150,700, of which 71,000 declared German to be their first language, while 67,000 declared Lithuanian.The article first discusses the historical and political background of events in the Klaipeda Region in the first half of the 20th century. Next the author analyzes in a dynamic approach the demographic and ethnic structure of the population. His attention is later focused on the period of World War II when the province was incorporated into the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. In the Soviet period, a major part of the local population was expelled to Germany, while the remaining residents were identified as either Lithuanians or Russians such that the province was no longer dominated by the Protestant and German speaking population. The final part of the article deals with the present demographic and ethnic situation. As a result of the postwar political and economic migrations, a majority of the people in the province now identify themselves as Lithuanian and Catholic. Lithuania, owing to the port of Klaipeda, has now an unrestricted access to sea.
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Steinmetz, George. "Empire in three keys." Thesis Eleven 139, no. 1 (April 2017): 46–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513617701958.
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Germany was famously a latecomer to colonialism, but it was a hybrid empire, centrally involved in all forms of imperial activity. Germans dominated the early Holy Roman Empire; Germany after 1870 was a Reich, or empire, not a state in the conventional sense; and Germany had a colonial empire between 1884 and 1918. Prussia played the role of continental imperialist in its geopolitics vis-à-vis Poland and the other states to its east. Finally, in its Weltpolitik – its global policies centered on the navy – Germany was an informal global imperialist. Although these diverse scales and practices of empire usually occupied distinct regions in the imaginations of contemporaries, there was one representational space in which the nation-state was woven together with empire in all its different registers: the Berlin trade exhibition of 1896. Because this exhibition started as a local event focused on German industry, it has not attracted much attention among historians of colonial and world fairs. Over the course of its planning, however, the 1896 exhibition emerged as an encompassing display of the multifarious German empire in all its geopolitical aspects. The exhibition attracted the attention of contemporaries as diverse as Georg Simmel and Kaiser Wilhelm. In contrast to Simmel and later theorists, I argue that it represented the empire and the nation-state, and not simply the fragmenting and commodifying force of capitalism. In contrast to Timothy Mitchell, I argue that the exhibit did not communicate a generic imperial modernity, but made visible the unique multi-scaled political formation that was the German empire-state.
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Leonova, V. A., and T. S. Petrova. "FEATURES OF FORMATION OF LANDSCAPE-ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK (LEK) OF RESORT CITY ZELENOGRADSK OF KALININGRAD REGION." Landscape architecture in the globalization era, no. 2 (2021): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37770/2712-7656-2021-2-19-31.
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Kaliningrad Region (Konigsberg) is a semi-excave of Russia that does not have a common land border with its main territory, but is connected to it by sea. It reached our country as a result of the victory over Germany in 1945. This region bears the imprint of the historical and cultural development of East Prussia, has its own specificity in the development of natural landscapes and causes special professional interest in the development of the landscape and ecological framework (LEC) of the famous German resort city of Krantz (Zelenogradsk). The article gives some historical maps, on the basis of which an analysis of the development of natural landscapes and the formation of the LEK of the city of Krantz was made. It was also analyzed by the case of the element frame: urban planning and transport axes, types of the spatial structure of the city and two large landscape objects. Materials are given historical photographs, which show the promenade, buildings and structures, elements of urban landscaping. Materials is recalled about the reforestation of the dunes, information is given about the Plantage park and its elements, which are the green core of the modern city.
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Kaunas, Domas. "Lithuanian Postcard in the struggle against Imperial Russia." Knygotyra 79 (December 30, 2022): 71–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.2022.79.121.
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The article is devoted to a peculiar episode of the struggle of Lithuanians against the policy of persecution based on nationality which was pursued by Imperial Russia between 1864 and 1904. Its participants were representatives of the parts of the Lithuanian nation separated by the border between Germany and the Russian Empire – Martynas Jankus (1858–1946), a German citizen, a Lithuanian of East Prussia, the owner of a printing office in Tilsit (Lith. Tilžė, currently Sovetsk, a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian Federation) and a group of Lithuanian young people who were operating illegally, a group of citizens of the Russian Empire. The time under discussion is the 1890s. During that period, the Lithuanian national movement was rapidly developing and strengthening while striving to bring together both parts of the nation and the USA-based Lithuanian diaspora community. One of the most important measures of the common struggle was the distribution of publications printed in Latin characters in the Lithuanian language which were banned to be published in the territory of Russia but were legally printed in East Prussia and smuggled across the border into Lithuania. From there, the publications were sent to Lithuanian communities all over the Russian Empire. This struggle resulted in victory: the ban was lifted by Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Russia issued in 1904.
To strengthen the political opposition, Lithuanian intellectuals printed not only books, brochures and newspapers but also various minor publications – political leaflets. Students of Russian universities and Lithuanian intellectuals graduates of these higher education institutions prepared texts and sent funds intended for their publication to the printing offices of Lithuanians and Germans in East Prussia. The number of such leaflets surviving to the present day is very small. One of these publications was an anonymous card of the size of a standard German postcard (95 x 140 mm). Thus far, three of them have been found in Lithuanian libraries and archives, and one has been discovered in the National Library of Russia in Saint Petersburg. A composition of two illustrations is printed on one side of the card: a Lithuanian countrywoman and a Cossack standing in front of her with a raised whip and a bottle of vodka as a gift for obedience. This symbolised a spread of orthodoxy and the deportation of Lithuanians from their native land. The following exclamation of the Cossack is printed: Are you a Lithuanian? Go to Russia! The explanation of the content of the illustration and the encouragement (first of all, to Catholic believers) to oppose the plans of the authorities are printed in small characters. They are related to the colonisation of Siberia. The statements are well-grounded, the exposition of the subject is logical and written in the correct Lithuanian language. Most probably, it was created by the graduate of the Faculty of Law of the University of Moscow Vladas Mačys (1867–1936).
Vaclovas Biržiška, Professor of Law at the University of Lithuania in Kaunas and Director of the University Library, was the first to describe this publication bibliographically. The author regarded this publication as a postcard, attributed it to Martynas Jankus’ printing office and dated it ‘1892’. A more precise description was publicised in the fundamental work of Lithuanian national bibliography Lietuvos TSR bibliografija. Serija A: Knygos lietuvių kalba (Bibliography of the Lithuanian SSR. Series A: Books in the Lithuanian Language; vol. 2: 1862–1904. Book 2 (Vilnius, 1988, p. 401, No. 4065). It was compiled in the Soviet era, and the only available copy stored in Mikhail J. Saltykov-Shchedrin State Public Library (currently renamed the Russian National Library in Sankt Petersburg) served as the basis for it. The present author amended the publication date of the postcard (1891) and specified the circumstances of its distribution, while also ascertaining that the artist of the illustrations was the lithographer of Tilsit Johann Mai.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "East Prussia (Germany)"
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Larson, Kevin Marc. "Germans as Victims? The Discourse on the Vertriebene Diaspora, 1945-2005." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04262006-071805/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Joseph Perry, committee chair; Jared Poley, committee member. Electronic data (126 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed July 20, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-119).
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Ferrebeuf, Florian. ""Au pays des sombres forêts et des lacs cristallins" : le district de Königsberg en Prusse-Orientale : aspects d'histoire économique, sociale et politique (1850-1914)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG024/document.
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Le district de Königsberg est un territoire atypique au coeur de la Prusse. Bien que ses structures économiques et sociales soient encore largement traditionnelles, avec un pouvoir fort des grands propriétaires, nobles ou bourgeois, et du clergé, on voit néanmoins se mettre en place des innovations économiques, au niveau agricole notamment. Celles-ci restent cependant presque exclusivement aux mains de la grande propriété foncière, quand la petite et moyenne paysannerie restent dans un dénuement souvent marqué. Au niveau social, les paysans sont largement sous la coupe des seigneurs locaux. Mais au fil du temps, ils réussissent à devenir un pion important de la vie politique locale, devenant les alliés objectifs des grands propriétaires conservateurs en échange d’avantages minces mais bien réels qui leur permettent d’augmenter légèrement leur niveau de vie. Les minorités ethniques et les socialistes jouent aussi un rôle important en Prusse-Orientale. Enfin, le rôle joué par la capitale de la province, Königsberg, est des plus importants à tous les niveauxThe district of Königsberg is an atypical territory in the heart of Prussia. Although its economic and social structures are still largely traditional, with a strong power held by the great noble or bourgeois landowners and the clergy, economic innovations can be seen, notably at agricultural level. These remain nonetheless almost exclusively in the hands of the large landed property, when the small and middle peasantry remain in often manifest destitution. At social level, peasants are largely under the control of local lords. Over time, however, they succeed in becoming an important pawn in the local political life, becoming the objective allies of the conservative great landowners in exchange for marginal but real benefits which allow them to slightly increase their living standards. The ethnic minorities and the socialists also play an important role in East Prussia. Finally, the role played by the province’s capital, Königsberg, is very important at all levels
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Willems, Bastiaan Pieter Valentijn. "Violence in defeat : the Wehrmacht and late-War society in East Prussia, 1944-1945." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25939.
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During the battles for East Prussia in the final year of the Second World War, the ruthless conduct of German troops resulted in vast material and personal damage. By focusing on the besieged ‘Festung Königsberg’ in the spring of 1945, this dissertation argues that the violence that transpired in Germany in 1945 can only be understood by devoting sustained attention to local actors and factors. By combining social history and military history approaches, the research restores agency to the German army, the Wehrmacht, as an active participant in the radicalisation of the German home front. This case study demonstrates that due to the fragmentation of Germany, the decisions and orders of Wehrmacht commanders had a disproportionately large impact at a local level. The radical nature of these decisions was the direct result of the commanders’ violent experiences during the preceding years, while the barbarised mindset of the rank-and-file encouraged the rigorous enforcement of military authority. The dissertation’s findings contribute to four themes within the historiography of the Second World War. First, it contributes to the recent debate surrounding the German Volksgemeinschaft by drawing attention to the limits of loyalty to the regime, and the actors and events that prompted this fidelity to shift. Secondly, by analysing a large number of unused archival sources, it provides the first in-depth urban history of everyday life in Königsberg during its 1945 siege. Thirdly, it challenges the conventional historiographical view in which fanatical Party officials were the main perpetrators of late-war violence by emphasising the significance of the Wehrmacht as a key actor. Even though large numbers of German troops operated in close proximity to German civilians, their conduct has hardly been considered as an explanation of the events of 1945. Lastly, this dissertation combines and transcends the different perspectives on German domestic and martial law, suggesting that the two were ever more closely intertwined as the war progressed, resulting in a shift of behavioural patterns. The focus on Königsberg and its immediate surroundings has allowed for a re-examination of late-war society, being the first to focus attention on the triadic relationship of Wehrmacht, Party, and civilian population.
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MEYER, Claus K. "King cotton and Krautjunker order, power and violence on slave plantations in Antebellum South Carolina and on noble estates in the Old Prussian East Elbian Kurmark." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14486.
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Defence date: 26 April 2010Examining Board: Prof. Michael G. Müller (Martin-Luther-Universität) – Supervisor; Prof. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt (EUI); Prof. Orville Vernon Burton (Coastal Carolina University); Prof. Rolf Petri (Università Cà Foscari)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Books on the topic "East Prussia (Germany)"
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Boyes, Roger. To Prussia with love: Misadventures in rural East Germany. Chichester [England]: Summersdale, 2011.
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Dethlefsen, Richard. Rytų Prūsijos kaimo namai ir medinės bažnyčios. Vilnius: "Mintis", 1995.
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Knight gunner: The memoirs of Leutnant Alfred Regniter, 3rd Battery, Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 276, East and West Prussia, 1944-45. Halifax, West Yorkshire, UK: Shelf Books, 1999.
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Baxter, Ian. The last rally: The German defence of East Prussia, Pomerania and Danzig, 1944-45, a photographic history. Solihull: Helion, 2010.
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Webber, Hiltrud Maria Masuch. A child of East Prussia. 2nd ed. Cabool, MO: HMW Publications, 1996.
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Forgotten land: Journeys among the ghosts of East Prussia. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.
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The Wolf's Lair: Inside Hitler's East Prussian HQ. Stroud: History, 2009.
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Baxter, Ian. The Wolf's Lair: Inside Hitler's East Prussian HQ. Stroud: History, 2009.
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Gatz, Karen L. East Prussian and Sudeten German expellees in West Germany, 1945-1960: A comparison of their social and cultural integration. Ann Arbor, Mich: U.M.I., 1991.
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Mennonite German soldiers: Nation, religion, and family in the Prussian East, 1772/1880. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "East Prussia (Germany)"
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Mueller, Christian. "German Dreams of Empire in the Far East: The German Expeditions to the East and Ferdinand von Richthofen’s Encounters with Asia, 1850–1880." In Palgrave Series in Asia and Pacific Studies, 175–209. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0124-9_7.
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AbstractThe article explores German encounters with East Asia in the rise of German nation-state building and imperial ambitions since the Revolutions of 1848 until the inner consolidation of Imperial Germany in the 1880s. It focuses on the scientific explorer Ferdinand von Richthofen and his curiosity and knowledge creation in his writings in relation to the German public debates on Asia. In physically travelling through Asia, Japan, and China in particular, Richthofen observed and constructed a transnational German image of Asia that went beyond crude racial stereotypes or sweeping assumptions of exclusive Eurocentric superiority while drawing upon his own identification of scientific observation and Prussian Kultur. Curiosity even under the guidance of Eurocentric imperial assumptions was open for social observations to construct differentiated images of Asia as spaces of interaction and change.
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Tilse, Mark. "Germans, Poles and the Socialist Movement." In Transnationalism in the Prussian East, 155–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230307506_7.
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Eddie, Scott M. "The Prussian Settlement Commission and Its Activities in the Land Market, 1886–1918." In Germans, Poland, and Colonial Expansion to the East, 39–63. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230618541_3.
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Colla, Marcus. "Aftermaths." In Prussia in the Historical Culture of the German Democratic Republic, 19—C1.P118. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865908.003.0002.
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Abstract This chapter is concerned with the Prussian legacy in East Germany in the immediate post-war decades. It charts how the inescapable presence of the Prussian past helped produce collisions of incompatible and often incoherent historical narratives which frustrated the SED’s efforts to generate a credible legitimising backstory for the geopolitical accident that was the German Democratic Republic. After outlining the development in the GDR of new theoretical and historiographical frameworks for comprehending Prussian history, the chapter closely analyses a series of case studies of Prussian architecture demolished or preserved by the SED, including the Berlin Schloss, the Potsdam City Palace, and the Potsdam Garnisonkirche. It concludes that, while Prussia may have been taboo in the politics of history of post-war East Germany, it was in fact far from forgotten.
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Colla, Marcus. "Politics." In Prussia in the Historical Culture of the German Democratic Republic, 78—C2.P75. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865908.003.0003.
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Abstract This chapter addresses the political meanings attached to Prussian history in the GDR during the era of the ‘Prussia-Renaissance’. It argues that the political ‘rehabilitation’ of Prussian history in the GDR from the 1970s onwards must in part be understood within a specifically German Cold War context, as each German state sought to make an exclusive claim over the pan-German historical inheritance. Not only were acts such as the restoration of the Frederick the Great equestrian statue in East Berlin, or the ‘Prussia-Exhibition’ in West Berlin, symbolic statements made within the specific political conditions of the German Cold War, they also assumed new meanings and interpretations in the eyes of domestic and international observers alike. Because of this, the East German ‘Prussia-Renaissance’ followed its own logic, as the GDR’s political and cultural elites sought to refashion their historical policy into a form that meaningfully distinguished it from that of the Federal Republic.
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Villa, Dana. "A life in dark times." In Hannah Arendt: A Very Short Introduction, 1—C1.F3. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198806981.003.0001.
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Abstract This chapter traces Arendt’s trajectory from her birth in Königsberg, East Prussia in 1906 to her death in New York in 1975. It describes her study of philosophy with Heidegger and Jaspers in the 1920s; her initiation into politics with the rise of the Nazi movement in the early 1930s; her escape from Germany and her sojourn in Paris; and her eventual arrival in America in 1941. The chapter then provides context and background for some of her major works, including Origins of Totalitarianism, The Human Condition, Eichmann in Jerusalem, and The Life of the Mind.
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Łach, Halina. "Doświadczenia Suwałk z pierwszej i drugiej wojny światowej." In Oblicza Wojny. Tom 5. Miasto i wojna. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8220-699-9.12.
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Before the First and Second World Wars, Suwałki was situated in the extreme northern border area. Due to their geographic location, they experienced the dramatic effects of both wars. Before the outbreak of World War I, it was the capital of the Suwałki’s Governorate in the northern part of the Kingdom of Poland under Russian rule. The area of the Governorate was delimited in the west by the Russian-Prussian border. After the end of the war and Poland’s independence regaining, Suwałki became part of the Second Polish Republic. They became the seat of the Suwałki’s District Office of the lying within the Białystok voivodeship in the north of the country. The district bordered on German East Prussia in the west, and with Lithuania in the north and east. The city located near the Prussian border was of great military importance. In the event of a war with the German Empire, the Suwałki’s Governorate was treated by the Russians as a protection zone from the western side and as a foreground for the concentration of troops and an attack deep into East Prussia. In the Second Polish Republic, the Suwałki Region was a buffer zone between Lithuania and German East Prussia. It also created the conditions for planning a flanking attack on one or the other enemy. Both world wars left their mark on the everyday life of the city and its inhabitants. After the Russians were forced out, Suwałki and the Suwałki Region found themselves under German occupation. The occupiers exploited the area and population economically until the end of the war. However, during the Second World War, the Suwałki Region was incorporated into the German Reich and from the first days the Germans started to exterminate the population physically.
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Klejn, Leo. "Gustaf Kossinna (1858–1931) (2001)." In Histories of Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199550074.003.0017.
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Kossinna was an outstanding German archaeologist who specialized in prehistoric archaeology and was the founder of the ‘residence or settlement school of archaeology’ (Siedlungsärchaologie). He was a contradictory figure. Although he taught many prominent archaeologists, he very rarely attended excavations. A man of extraordinary erudition, an incomparable connoisseur of a huge range of archaeological material, he was a militant amateur in the discipline. He is considered, with some justification, to be the precursor of Nazi archaeology. However, it was not his conception but rather that of his opponent Carl Schuchhardt that became the official archaeological line in Hitler’s Germany. Kossinna’s method of settlement archaeology was implemented in the Soviet Union after the Second World War. His rather dull hagiographical biography was written in Nazi Germany, but his person and activity are described vividly, sensibly, and critically in Eifurrung in die Vorgeschichte (Introduction to Prehistory) by H.-J. Eggers (1959), and some of the early episodes with Alfred Gotze and Schuchhardt are discussed in detail in that book. Gustaf Kossinna was born in 1858 in Tilsit, in what was formerly East Prussia. His father was a secondary school teacher; his mother descended from the gentry. A small and sickly child, Kossinna absorbed the humanistic and pedantic culture of German teachers, mastering Latin and literature, playing the piano, and working hard. This culture— impregnated with German nationalism, with national enthusiasm, and missionary hopes—was the direct result of the politics of the time, when Prussia was the leader of German unification. Kossinna consecutively attended the universities of Göttingen, Leipzig, Berlin, and Strasbourg. In Berlin he attended lectures in classical and German philology, history, and geography. Lectures by K. Müllenhof on German and Indo-European linguistics (the latter was called Indo-German then) especially fascinated him. The problem of the location of the original Indo-German homeland (Urheimat) was to preoccupy him for his entire life. In 1881 he defended his thesis in Strasbourg on the purely linguistic subject ‘Ancient Upper- Frankian Written Monuments’. He then became a librarian and from 1892 worked in the library of the University of Berlin.
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Colla, Marcus. "Time, Heritage, and Nostalgia." In Prussia in the Historical Culture of the German Democratic Republic, 234—C5.P70. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865908.003.0006.
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Abstract This final chapter argues that the GDR’s ‘Prussia-Renaissance’ must be understood within a wide European context. The broadest contextual dimension of the ‘Prussia-Renaissance’ was the vast transformation in temporal awareness that pulsated through East German culture and society from the late 1960s onwards. This brought with it a thorough change in how the relationship between past, present, and future was expressed in East German cultural practices, with history coming to play a visibly more important role as the decades unfolded. The chapter accordingly argues that the ‘Prussia-Renaissance’ was one manifestation of a broader shift in ‘historicity’ that can be identified in Eastern and Western Europe alike throughout the 1970s. It is this shift that provides the chapter’s overarching narrative in tracing the political and cultural transformation that Prussian history underwent throughout the forty-odd years of the GDR’s existence.
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Colla, Marcus. "Intellectuals." In Prussia in the Historical Culture of the German Democratic Republic, 116–76. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865908.003.0004.
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Abstract This chapter explores how the political and cultural authorities of the GDR were highly reliant on the role played by professional historians in forging a new set of intellectual perspectives on the Prussian past. Not only did historians render the ‘Prussia-Renaissance’ possible in the first place, it argues, they also furnished it with intellectual legitimacy. Investigating in particular the influential works of the historians Ingrid Mittenzwei and Ernst Engelberg, the chapter argues that the production of ‘revisionist’ works about Prussian history was not a result of party decree, but instead emerged organically and logically out of the research paradigms of East Germany’s academic establishments. In addition, the chapter addresses the mixed reception of the GDR’s new works on Prussia among historians in Poland.
Conference papers on the topic "East Prussia (Germany)"
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Прасолов, Я. В. "GIS in the reconstruction of the archaeological landscape in the former German province of East Prussia." In Археология и геоинформатика. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-289-6.80-82.
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Szmitkowska, Agata. "FROM THE LUFTWAFFE HEADQUARTERS TO A SANATORIUM”. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE HOLIDAY RESORT OF THE WARSAW EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE TRADE UNION OF THE BOOK, PRESS AND RADIO EMPLOYEES IN GOŁDAP, MASURIA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/26.
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This article presents the architecture, origin and the vicissitudes of the holiday resort which was dedicated to employees of the state media institutions of that time and which is representative of Polish holiday centres in Poland in the 1970s. It was developed near a town called Gołdap in northern Poland in the area of the Masurian Lake District which constituted a part of German East Prussia before 1945. The centre was planned in the land which operated as the Main Headquarters of the General Command of Luftwaffe during II World War. One of the key principles assumed by the designer of the holiday resort was not only the use of the natural advantages of the place but also the maximum adaptation of the preserved facilities, the foundations of the buildings and the infrastructure of the former military complex. The unusual architecture, attractive location and the scale of the constructed complex bespoke of the investors’ considerable wealth. The history of the centre entwined closely with important events in general history and the political and economic changes which occurred in Poland after 1989 determined the decision to introduce a new function of a sanatorium to the facility. The complex was then partially reconstructed and developed. This article was based on a number of researches. A detailed analysis was made of the related archival materials and scientific publications. A comparative analysis was conducted of the architecture of the centre and other facilities used for the same purpose which had been built in the 1960s and 1970s in Poland. The required field studies and photographic documentation of all the premises were performed simultaneously.