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1
Komar, Irsan. "Relationship between Organizational Culture and Employee Performance through Work Stress at the Regional Office of the East Java I Directorate General of Customs." Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management Study 2, no. 3 (May 4, 2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrems.v2i3.122.
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This study aims to analyze the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Employee Performance through Work Stress at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I. This research method is an explanatory research, the analysis unit in this study is employees who work in the Directorate General of Customs and Excise Office. East Java I region, which consists of 80 structural officials, 79 functional officials and 1323 executive staff. The method of collecting research data using a questionnaire. The results showed that organizational culture affects the work stress of employees at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I, this shows that organizational culture is able to increase the work stress of employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java. Organizational culture influences the performance of the employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I, this shows that with a good and appropriate organizational culture, it is able to increase the performance of the employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I. New organizational culture that also improves Employee stress, namely the imposition of input into daily work activity reports by employees in the daily logbook through an internet-based application with details on the types of activities, time norms, achievement targets and employee daily problems for all levels of employees, both structural, functional and executive.
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Kalapala, Kalpana Rani, and Dr E. Bhavani. "KIRAN DESAI’S PRESENTATION OF THE CHARACTERS FROM DIASPORIC PERSPECTIVE IN THE INHERITANCE OF LOSS." Journal of English Language and Literature 09, no. 03 (2022): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54513/joell.2022.9306.
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The Inheritance of Loss requires background information on two major historical movements in India. The first is British colonial rule in India and eventual Indian independence. At the end of the 16th century, the British aimed to challenge the Portuguese monopoly of trade with Asia. The British East India Company was chartered to carry on the spice trade. In the mid18th century, the British forces, whose duty until then consisted of protecting Company property, teamed up with the commander in chief of the Bengali army, Mir Jafar, to overthrow the leader of Bengal. Jafar was then installed on the throne as a British subservient ruler. The British then realized their strength and potential for conquering smaller Indian kingdoms, and by the mid-19th century, they had gained direct or indirect control over all of present-day India. In 1857, the Indian Rebellion of 1857 took place in an attempt to resist the company’s control of India. The British defeated the rebellion, and the British crown formally took over India and it came under direct British rule and the Indian Civil Service (ICS). The ICS was originally headed by British state officials, but these were gradually replaced by Indian officials in order to appease the public.
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TRAVERS, ROBERT. "Indian Petitioning and Colonial State-Formation in Eighteenth-Century Bengal." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 1 (January 2019): 89–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000841.
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AbstractThis article explores the role of Indian petitioning in the process of consolidating British power after the East India Company's military conquest of Bengal in the late eighteenth century. The presentation of written petitions (often termed‘arziin Persian) was a pervasive form of state-subject interaction in early modern South Asia that carried over, in modified forms, into the colonial era. The article examines the varied uses of petitioning as a technology of colonial state-formation that worked to establish the East India Company's headquarters in Calcutta as the political capital of Bengal and the Company as a sovereign source of authority and justice. It also shows how petitioning became a site of anxiety for both colonial rulers and Indian subjects, as British officials struggled to respond to a mass of Indian ‘complaints’ and to satisfy the expectations and norms of justice expressed by petitioners. It suggests that British rulers tried to defuse the perceived political threat of Indian petitioning by redirecting petitioners into the newly regulated spaces of an emergent colonial judiciary.
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Novita Rusdiyani and Eko Prasojo. "Analysis of Merit System on Filling High Leadership Positions in the Government of East Manggarai Regency." West Science Interdisciplinary Studies 1, no. 07 (July 31, 2023): 376–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v1i07.114.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze the application of merit system in the implementation of open selection for high leadership positions in the context of a local socio-cultural setting. The merit system policy in this open selection in this research refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform (Permenpanrb) Number 15 of 2019. This research was conducted in the East Manggarai Regency Government utilizing a post-positivist research approach with qualitative data collection techniques. The findings showed that the implementation of open selection for filling JPT in East Manggarai Regency was not based on succession planning, there were differences in administrative requirements with relevant regulations; the addition of several administrative files. The background checking process is only carried out based document-driven and conducted indirectly to the participants’ work environment. The process of monitoring and evaluation or re-mapping for elected officials is carried out periodically. The limited number of elected officials with different socio-cultural backgrounds is due to the composition of employees and selection participants who mostly come from the East Manggarai Regency area and share the same socio-cultural background. Keywords: Civil Service, Merit System, Open Selection, Primordialism.
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U, Sajeena. "RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION STRATEGIES OF PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i2.2017.1745.
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This study examines the impact of recruitment and selection strategies of public sector undertaking .In the Indian context, Public sector or the PSEs primarily constitute the corporate bodies where 51% or more equity is held by the government, created under the special acts of legislature, or registered under the companies Act 1956.Primary data on various aspects of recruitment and selection were collected from the employees of different undertakings with the help of well framed questionnaire that was duly filled by the HRM officials and employees. This study highlight the emerging trends in the recruitment and selection strategies of public sector undertaking and the major obstacles that are being faced by the companies.
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JAFFE, JAMES A. "CUSTOM, IDENTITY, AND THE JURY IN INDIA, 1800–1832." Historical Journal 57, no. 1 (January 29, 2014): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x13000435.
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ABSTRACTThis article analyses the reception and understanding of the Indian village council (panchayat) among East India Company officials, British politicians, and Indian intellectuals during the first third of the nineteenth century. One of the several ways in which the panchayat was imagined was as an institution analogous to the English jury. As such, the panchayat took on significant meaning, especially for those influenced by the Scottish Orientalist tradition and who were serving in India. The issue became especially salient during the 1820s and 1830s as the jury system was debated and reformed in England. In this context, there was a transnational interplay of both ideas and policies that shaped both Company rule in India as well as the first generation of Indian nationalists.
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TORRI, MICHELGUGLIELMO. "The British Monopoly On The Surat Trade To The Middle East And The Indian Ship-Owning Merchants’ Struggle Against It: 1759–1800." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 28, no. 1 (October 9, 2017): 101–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186317000499.
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AbstractBetween 1759 and 1800, Surat, still an important trade and financial centre, was under the ultimate rule of the East India Company. Although the EIC justified this as necessary for protecting Surat's inhabitants and, most particularly, the local merchant class, the Company failed not only to protect the Surat merchants against the depredations of Great Britain's European enemies, but also to safeguard the merchants from extortion by local EIC top officials. In fact, the latter imposed what was essentially a protection racket on trade from Surat to the Middle East. This article focuses on the Surat merchants’ long-drawn out and ultimately unsuccessful struggle against what, in the official documents, was dubbed the [British] monopoly of the trade to the “Gulphs”. The episode demonstrates two theses: the first is that the interests of the Surat merchants held little importance to the EIC or its officials, and the second is that, during the period under examination, no mutually beneficial partnership tied the British to the Surat merchants — rather, the relationship was one of naked exploitation by the former of the latter.
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Filimonov, A. V. "Provincial Officials of Far East and Formation of Regional Public Organizations in Last Quarter of 19th — Early 20th Centuries." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 6 (September 1, 2022): 505–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-6-505-530.
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The activity of officials in the creation of public organizations and objects of socio-cultural infrastructure of the Primorsky region in the last quarter of the 19th — early 20th centuries is considered. Based on the analysis of archival office materials, reports of public organizations and sources of personal origin, the composition of participants, motives, areas of activity, forms and content of the contribution of Primorye employees are revealed. It is concluded that socio-cultural activities are widespread among officials, including representatives of the regional and district administrations, as well as officials of the Main Directorate of the Amur Governorate General. The author established the main motives for the participation of representatives of the administration in the formation of new societies and socio-cultural objects: official duty, imitation of fashion, personal interest, social significance. The key areas of socio-cultural activities are identified — charity, care and science, as well as individual initiatives in the areas of education, creativity and art, leisure. The main forms of contribution are determined: participation, assistance in the development and approval of statutory documents, financial and material donations, personal guidance, search for like-minded people. The importance of activities to create societies and socio-cultural objects for building a dialogue between the administration and the population and strengthening the connection of officials with the region is noted.
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Singh, Rashmi, and Jogendra Kumar Nayak. "Mediating role of stress between work-family conflict and job satisfaction among the police officials." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 38, no. 4 (November 16, 2015): 738–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-03-2015-0040.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of work-family conflicts (WFC) on job stress and its subsequent impact on job satisfaction among the police officials. It also examined the moderating effect of the social support from organisations between employees’ job stress and satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a survey on 599 police officials associated with 20 police stations in New Delhi, India. The study involved a hierarchical regression analysis to examine the relationship between independent (WFC) and dependent (satisfaction) variable with the mediator (stress) as well as the moderator (social support). Findings – The findings revealed that stress mediated the relationship between WFC and satisfaction of the police officials. Further, social support acted as a moderator between their job stress and satisfaction. Practical implications – The study findings added a new chapter in the existing literature by developing a comprehensive framework that considers different dimensions, i.e. WFC and job stress in Indian context. Originality/value – The study has originality and offers value to police organisation as it focuses on police officials, and explores their WFC and job stress and its subsequent effect on their job satisfaction.
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Sultana, Mehbooba, Ditalak Mpanme, and Jaynal Uddin Ahmed. "Customer Relationship Management Practices and Employee Sensitivities of Private Sector Banks: An Analysis in Indian Context." Business and Economic Research 12, no. 4 (December 13, 2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v12i4.20426.
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This paper aims to scrutinize bank employees' perspectives on customer relationship management (CRM) practices in the banking sector, particularly private sector commercial banks operating in Goalpara District of Assam, India. The research plan consists of experimental in nature whereby different aspects of CRM in the banking sector have been extracted from the previous literature and tested on a sample size 24 number of employees working in the banks selected taking 3 each from 8 branches. Based on Bank Service Quality (BSQ) scale, variables were selected and analysed with the help of descriptive statistics and ranking analysis of identified parameters was utilized with the help of the Garret ranking technique. The study found that the loan facility and ATM facility along with service variety are found as the major product-related factors; timely services with trustworthy behaviour of the employees and the quality of services along with procedural simplicity and convenience is the most important service-related factors for evolving an effective CRM practice. The employee perceptions on the personal relationship of the bank officials with their customers’ staples in selecting the banks and retaining the customers.
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Ali, Mohsin. "Indian Muslim Minorities and the 1857 Rebellion." American Journal of Islam and Society 35, no. 2 (December 6, 2021): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v35i2.832.
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Ilyse R. Morgenstein Fuerst’s book, Indian Muslim Minorities and the 1857Rebellion: Religion, Rebels, and Jihad, is a masterful exploration of how animperial discourse of religion in the nineteenth-century defined Islam,Muslims, and jihad. Specifically, Fuerst calls attention to the significanceof the 1857 Rebellion by Indians against the British East India Company,and argues that British official histories of the Rebellion fundamentally alteredhow colonial officials, European scholars, and Indians thought andwrote about religion. Thus she builds on the work of previous scholars ofreligion such as Tomoko Masuzawa, who has argued that the concept ofuniversal religion is a constructed category, and David Chiddester, who hasshown how colonialism constructed both religions and races. Additionally,Fuerst’s book draws on historians such as Thomas Metacalf, who haveexplored the various ways the 1857 Rebellion transformed the business ofempire. However, Fuerst’s unique contribution lies in revealing the ways anofficial British discourse about Muslims and their supposed propensity forviolence, and the Indian Muslim engagement with this discourse, racializedand minoritized Muslims. This discourse presented as fact that all Muslimswere essentially homogenous and dangerous to imperial interests ...
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Vigne, Lucy, and Esmond Bradley Martin. "Assam's rhinos face new poaching threats." Oryx 25, no. 4 (October 1991): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034360.
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Assam, in north-east India, is the main stronghold for the great Indian rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis, with most of the 1500 or so individuals that live there concentrated in parks and sanctuaries. Despite valiant efforts to protect them, the forest guards are poorly equipped and no match for poachers armed with automatic weapons or those who make use of high-voltage power lines to electrocute the animals. The authors have discussed the many problems besetting rhino conservation in Assam with wildlife officials and they make several recommendations that would improve the situation.
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Okuyama, Junko, Shuji Seto, Tomonori Motokawa, and Tomomi Kato. "Digital Psychological Support Systems for Post-Disaster Reconstruction in Japan: Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of the me-fullness® Application." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 38, S1 (May 2023): s167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x2300434x.
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Introduction:Asia is one of the regions most affected by natural disasters such as major typhoons. In Japan, recovery from natural disasters is said to take more than 10 years, and local government officials are primarily responsible for this recovery. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of the me-fullness® smartphone application in maintaining the well-being of local government employees involved in recovery efforts.Method:We conducted a survey of 35 employees of the town of Shichigahama, one of the areas affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. The Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 Items (DASS-21) were used as survey instruments. 22 of the 35 employees used the me-fullness application on their smartphones for one month. During the month the application was in use, there was a heavy rain warning and an election for the House of Counselors, which the Shichigahama town employees had to cope with in parallel with the recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake.Results:The percentage of insomnia indicated by an AIS score of four or higher was 53.5% (7/13) before and 30.8% (4/13) after the use of the me-fullness application. The percentage of stress was 38.5% (5/13) before and 7.7% (1/13) after the use of the me-fullness application.Conclusion:This study showed that the me-fullness® application could improve the sleep and stress of local government employees and maintain their well-being for a long time during the recovery efforts.
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Azhar, Zulfi, Neni Mulyani, and Jeperson Hutahaean. "PELATIHAN PENGELOLAAN ADMINISTRASI MENGGUNAKAN MICROSOFT OFFICE BAGI PEGAWAI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA." JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) 8, no. 2 (April 2, 2024): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v8i2.21474.
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Abstrak: Microsoft Office merupakan software yang harus dikuasai oleh perangkat desa, namun tidak semua perangkat desa menguasainya. Hal tersebut disebabkan belum adanya pelatihan dan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang aplikasi teknologi informasi di sehingga pelayanan kepada masyarakat cenderung memerlukan waktu yang lama untuk membuat laporan atau surat menyurat. Maka pelatihan Microsoft Office perlu diberlakukan kepada pegawai Desa Sei Silau Timur Kabupaten Asahan dalam melaksanakan tugas administrasi dan pengelolaan laporan dalam mengoperasikan Microsoft Office. Metode pelatihan dengan cara diskusi dan praktek untuk dalam Microsot Office, khususnya microsoft word, excel dan powerpoint dalam memudahkan pekerjaan administrasi kepada pegawai dari Desa Sei Silau Timur Kabupaten Asahan yang berjumlah 25 orang. Peserta pelatihan berhasil menyelesaikan pencapaian pelatihan ini dengan baik dari hasil nilai posttest rata-rata 90,88%. dengan penyampaian materi dengan penjelasan, praktek dan diskusi.Abstract: Microsoft Office is software that must be mastered by village officials, but not all village officials master it. This is due to the lack of training and lack of knowledge about the application of information technology so that services to the public tend to take a long time to make reports or correspondence. So Microsoft Office training needs to be given to employees of East Sei Silau Village, Asahan Regency in carrying out administrative tasks and managing reports in operating Microsoft Office. Training method using discussion and practice for Microsoft Office, especially Microsoft Word, Excel and Powerpoint to facilitate administrative work for employees from East Sei Silau Village, Asahan Regency totaling 25 people. The training participants successfully completed this training achievement with an average posttest score of 90.88%. By delivering material with explanation, practice and discussion.
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Lowther, D. A. "The first painting of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) in Europe? Natural history and artistic patronage in early nineteenth-century India." Archives of Natural History 48, no. 2 (October 2021): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2021.0728.
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Throughout the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, British East India Company officials, based in the Indian subcontinent, amassed huge collections of natural history images. One of the largest collections, consisting of many thousands of individual paintings commissioned mainly from Indian artists between 1790 and 1823, was formed by Major-General Thomas Hardwicke. Some of these later formed the basis of John Edward Gray’s Illustrations of Indian zoology, but the vast majority remained unpublished. This paper focuses on one of these images, a detailed watercolour of the red panda ( Ailurus fulgens), painted to accompany a scientific description of the species which Hardwicke sent from Bengal to the Linnean Society of London in 1820. The painting pre-dates Frédéric Cuvier’s description of the animal by four years, and is almost certainly the first image of the red panda to have arrived in Europe. This paper sets the painting in the context of Hardwicke’s career as a naturalist and private patron of Indian artists, highlighting both his role as an early investigator of Indian zoology and the importance of “Company Art” in the accrual of scientific information.
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WILKINSON, CALLIE. "Weak Ties in a Tangled Web? Relationships between the Political Residents of the English East India Company and their munshis, 1798–1818." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 05 (July 5, 2019): 1574–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000932.
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AbstractAlthough historians have long recognized the important role that Indians played in the English East India Company's operations, the focus has usually been on the mechanics of direct rule in ‘British’ India. Yet, the expertise of Indian cultural intermediaries was arguably even more important, as well as more contested, in the context of the Company's growing political influence over nominally independent Indian kingdoms. This article examines the relationships between the East India Company's political representatives (Residents) and their Indian secretaries (munshis) at Indian royal courts during a period of dramatic imperial expansion, from 1798 to 1818. The article considers how these relationships were conceptualized and debated by British officials, and reflects on the practical consequences of these relationships for the munshis involved. The tensions surrounding the role of the munshi in Residency business exemplify some of the practical dilemmas posed by the developing system of indirect rule in India, where the Resident had to decide how much responsibility to delegate to Indian experts better versed in courtly norms and practices, while at the same time maintaining his own image of authority and control. Although the Resident–munshi relationship was in many respects mutually beneficial, these relationships nevertheless spawned anxieties about transparency and accountability within the Company itself, as well as exciting resentments at court. Both Residents and munshis were required to negotiate between two political and institutional cultures, but it was the munshi who seems to have borne the brunt of the risks associated with this intermediary position.
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Churkin, Mikhail K. "Practices of adaptive behavior of officials of the Resettlement Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the context of expeditionary everyday life at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 480 (2023): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/480/19.
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The article reconstructs the conditions and content of the expeditionary regulations of the employees of the Resettlement Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The study is based on the memoirs of Aleksei Tatishchev, an employee of the Department. The author of the article argues that these memoirs can be viewed as a symbolic linguistic structure, whose decoding makes it possible to recreate the way the local community perceived and interpreted the realities of the resettlement process. The aim of the work is to identify the structures of the daily life of officials of the institution as a space for the formation of practices of their adaptive behavior and professional identity. To reach the aim, the author employs the research experience of the “history of everyday life” and new research approaches and directions (“new imperial history”, “new cultural and intellectual history”), which opens up prospects for the discovery of new meanings and going beyond the narrow framework of “legislation-office-workimplementation” when discussing a wide range of issues of “internal” colonization of Russia during the imperial period. In the course of the study, the author identified the sphere of the public everyday life of the Department's employees where the practices of their adaptation to the outside world were implemented. He has established that comprehending the pointless life of government officials involved in the solving of important problems of empire building opens up prospects for a further study of everyday practices of the Russian bureaucracy. The author shows that within the limits of the expeditionary everyday life of the bureaucracy of the Resettlement Department, an important property of the noble-bureaucratic ethos was reproduced: the awareness of the enduring importance of service and responsibility to the state. This feature, reflected in the recollections of employees of the Resettlement Department about the practices of everyday behavior during the periods of expeditions, served as a basic characteristic of the officials' socio-cultural identity, ensuring high productivity of resettlement activities in the east of the country in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
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Stubbings, Matthew. "British Conservatism and the Indian Revolt: The Annexation of Awadh and the Consequences of Liberal Empire, 1856–1858." Journal of British Studies 55, no. 4 (October 2016): 728–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2016.73.
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AbstractThis article examines how the East India Company's 1856 annexation of the Indian Kingdom of Awadh informed British Conservative responses to the Indian Revolt in 1857 and 1858. Addressing scholarship on Britain's reaction to the revolt and political engagement with Indian empire, this study reveals that Conservatives interpreted this event with a veneration for locality and prescription. Criticism from company officials and Awadh's deposed royal family informed Conservative perceptions that British exploitation and westernization were responsible for military rebellion and popular upheaval. Principally, this reflected Conservative skepticism regarding liberal modernity as well as support for prescribed aristocratic, propertied, and established church interests in Britain. Their response, expressed in Parliament and supported in conservative periodicals, was the 1858 Queen's Proclamation authored by Edward Smith-Stanley, the 14th Earl of Derby's Conservative government. The proclamation established a lasting imperial framework which defined the crown's obligation to uphold India's political, social, and cultural differences and separation from Britain. Future Conservatives strengthened British views of India's distinctiveness by supporting perceived traditional leaders and customs over uniform western administration and education.
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Vadlamudi, Sundara. "Children on Board: Child labor on ships in the Indian Ocean, c. 18th – 19th Centuries." Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 6, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 129–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jiows.v6i2.139.
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A growing body of research has focused on adult Asian sailors’ employment on European ships in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. However, the experiences of children who worked on ships in the Indian Ocean World have received comparatively little attention. The scholarly lacuna is striking considering the tremendous increase in the scope and sophistication in the discussions on child slavery and abolition. This article examines the use of children as maritime laborers in the Indian Ocean World between the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In doing so, it examines the multiple pathways through which children were brought for work on ships and studies the recruitment patterns of adult and child sailors. It focuses on the various types of labor performed by children on ships and discusses how conditions of servitude on land were transferred to a ship when children accompanied their masters. It then also discusses how prevailing understandings of childhood, domestic service, and child labor shaped the actions of English East India Company officials towards child sailors while undertaking anti-slavery measures during the nineteenth century.
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Tyas, Hayu Pikukuhing, Nurkholis, and Endang Mardiati. "Budget participation, information asymmetry, and job insecurity as a predictor of budgetary slack." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 8 (January 1, 2022): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i8.1505.
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Budgetary slack occurs because of the potential difference with the revenue budget target. the difference in potential revenue with the revenue budget target indicates the occurrence of individual behavior lowering the income target to facilitate the achievement of the government budget. The purpose of this study is to empirically prove the effect of budget participation, information asymmetry, and job insecurity that trigger budgetary slack. The population of this research is officials of the Indonesian: Regional Working Unit in the province of East Java, Indonesia. The sampling technique used is proportional sampling, the research respondents were 84 people. The results show that budget participation, information asymmetry, and job insecurity have a positive effect on budgetary slack. The high budget participation of public sector employees can trigger budgetary slack. Information asymmetry motivates budget implementers to take action to reduce revenue targets and increase government spending. High job insecurity in the work environment creates pressure on employees so that budgetary slack is created.
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Mehra, Payal, and Catherine Nickerson. "Does technology divide or unite generations?" International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27, no. 5 (November 4, 2019): 1578–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-10-2018-1576.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the communication preferenc;s reported by different generations in the Indian workplace, as well as investigating the relationship between communication preferences, communication climate and employee satisfaction with the organizational communication. The authors therefore examined managers’ preferences for different communication media across two different generations, as well as their perceptions of the communication climate and their overall satisfaction with their organizations’ communication. Design/methodology/approach The authors tested an interaction model comprising ease of use of communication medium, communication climate and communication satisfaction, on 822 Indian managers belonging to two different generations. In doing so, they used a survey to investigate managers’ preferences for different media, their perceptions of the communication climate within their organizations and their overall satisfaction with the communication that takes place. The authors drew on studies on media richness theory, on communication climate and on inter-generational differences. Findings The findings show that while communication satisfaction in general was low across both generations, Generation Y employees recorded the lowest levels of satisfaction. In addition, a manager’s generational category does not moderate the relationship between media use and communication satisfaction, but it does moderate the relationship between communication climate and communication satisfaction. In terms of the ease of use associated with different types of media, the differences between the generations were largely stereotyped, although moderate media (VC, chat, voicemail) were preferred over rich media (face-to-face meetings) or lean media (fax, memos and emails), by all managers. Practical implications Senior management in India must shed their bureaucratic mind-set to promote openness in the communication choices that are considered acceptable, leading to more effective decision-making and problem solving. Mobile phones, chats, wikis, podcasts, video-conferencing and email should be officially embedded into the organizational communication culture to facilitate state-of-the-art knowledge management practices. More multi-generational teams and mentorship programmes need to be implemented to make a wider variety of media acceptable to all managers, which will in turn improve communication satisfaction. Originality/value This study is original in that it unpacks the influence of media use and communication satisfaction across Gen X and Gen Y, who will be moving into more senior positions in India in the next decade. In doing so, it provides a snapshot of organizational communication in an important emerging economy and provides recommendations as to how organizational communication may be made more effective in the future. Organizations in India and elsewhere can improve their organizational communication by enhancing transparency and by making a wider variety of media accessible, and therefore acceptable, to different generations of managers.
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Chakraborty, Titas. "The Household Workers of the East India Company Ports of Pre-Colonial Bengal." International Review of Social History 64, S27 (April 2019): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000038.
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AbstractThis article examines the various experiences of slavery and freedom of female household workers in the Dutch and English East India Company (VOC and EIC, respectively) ports in Bengal in the early eighteenth century. Enslaved household workers in Bengal came from various Asian societies dotting the Indian Ocean littoral. Once manumitted, they entered the fold of the free Christian or Portuguese communities of the settlements. The most common, if not the only, occupation of the women of these communities was household or caregiving labour. The patriarchy of the settlements was defined by the labour and subjection of these women. Yet, domestic service to VOC/EIC officials only partially explains their subjectivity. This article identifies the agency of enslaved and women of free Christian or Portuguese communities in their efforts to resist or bypass the institution of the European household in the settlements. These efforts ranged from murdering their slave masters to creating independent businesses to the formation of sexual liaisons and parental/fraternal/sororal relationships disregarding the approval or needs of their settlement masters.
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Chatterjee, Baijayanti. "Khedas in South-Eastern Bengal: Colonialism and Wildlife 1765–1810." Global Environment 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 215–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2021.140201.
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This article examines the colonial impact on wildlife in the region of Bengal in the late eighteenth century. Taking the English East India Company's engagement with the Indian elephant as a point of entry into colonial environmental practices, the article focuses on the kheda or elephant-catching operations in the three districts of Sylhet, Chittagong and Tipperah. Unlike the tiger, which was classified as dangerous and decimated during the colonial era, the elephant was less liable to be killed on account of its military utility, but was caught and domesticated in large numbers. The article argues that the EIC, following pre-colonial traditions and Mughal practices, attempted to control the channels of supply of the animal in the three above-mentioned areas, but in doing so they were perennially dependent on local agency and native expertise. Depending on the native tracksmen, elephant-keepers and traders, the EIC officials acquired their knowledge on the elephant and the Indian environment largely through indigenous collaboration and initiated global transfers of knowledge between the coloniser and colonised environments.
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Smith, F. Andrew. "Mercantile Life in Early 19th Century Southeast Asia: The Ross Brothers." Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 96, no. 2 (December 2023): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ras.2023.a916912.
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Abstract: British traders operating in the East in the early nineteenth century faced warfare, piracy, and shipwreck, along with the competing interests of local rulers and East India Company (EIC) officials. This article looks at episodes in the maritime careers of three brothers to show how the commercial environment affected trade. The brothers were born in Jamaica, illegitimate sons of a Scottish trader who served as a government official and his freed slave. One son became a ship’s captain in the Bombay Marine, the private navy of the EIC and an important surveyor of Eastern seas. Another son also joined the Bombay Marine but left under unknown circumstances and transferred to the private ‘country trade’ after adopting a new name. The third son became a ship’s captain in the country trade and died after an attack by local pirates in Bangka. The family circumstances that led to the brothers’ careers and lives of their children are summarized to illustrate the social mobility of descendants of West Indian slaves in the early nineteenth century.
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van Alebeek, Rosanne, and Ursula E. A. Weitzel. "List of Current Proceedings: Update." Leiden Journal of International Law 13, no. 2 (June 2000): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500000224.
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On 22 September 1999 the Islamic Republic of Pakistan instituted proceedings against India before the International Court of Justice concerning the shooting down of a Pakistani aircraft by Indian air force planes on 10 August 1999. In its Application filed in the Registry on 21 September 1999 Pakistan contends that the “unarmed Atlantique aircraft of the Pakistan navy was on a routine training mission with sixteen personnel on board” when “while flying over Pakistan air space it was fired upon with air to air missiles by Indian air force planes, without warning”, resulting in the death of all 16 personnel, “mostly young naval trainees”. It maintains that the aircraft, when shot down, was in an area situated approximately 70 to 90 miles east of Karachi and that it was “carrying out various training exercises and manoeuvres of instrument.” According to Pakistan, after radar contact was lost with the aircraft at 10.55 a.m., an intensive search was undertaken by Pakistani aircraft and helicopters and the wreckage was discovered around 2.55 p.m. 2 kilometres inside Pakistan territory. Pakistan further maintains that in the two and a half hours which elapsed between the shooting down and the discovery of the wreckage, “Indian helicopters […] sneaked into Pakistan's territory to pick up a few items from the debris […] in order to produce ‘evidence’ for [India's] initial claim that the Atlantique had been shot down over Indian air space.” However, according to Pakistan, because of the “overwhelming evidence […] Indian officials were obliged to admit that the Atlantique had indeed been shot down over Pakistan's air space.”
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Bapat, Shweta, and Pooja Upadhyay. "Implications of CSR initiatives on employee engagement." Social Responsibility Journal 17, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-05-2018-0120.
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Purpose This paper aims to study the implications of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employee engagement in selected Indian business giants to which CSR spending is mandatory as per the Companies Act 2013. Researcher also has an intention of preparing working model for increasing employee engagement through CSR. Design/methodology/approach Researcher has collected the primary data from HR officials, CSR officials and employees of 23 organisations belonging to 10 main industrial sectors of India. The organisations selected for the data collection belong to India’s top 100 organisations as per Bombay Stock Exchange fulfilling a particular criterion. The effect of employee participation in CSR on employee engagement is been studied by identifying four parameters of employee engagement on which the employee participation in CSR may have some effect. The data are analysed with the help of Z test for proportion. Findings The major findings of the paper of the study includes that employee participation in CSR positively effects the employee engagement, as it helps in increasing four specifically identified parameters of employee engagement. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to the specific area of the effect of employee participation in CSR on employee engagement that too with respect to selected Indian business giants. Practical implications On the basis of this study, a theoretical model of CSR and employee engagement is proposed at the end of this paper. The model is expected to work as a guideline to the organisations, which want to improve employee engagement through CSR. Originality/value This research is one of its kinds that study the effect of employee participation in CSR on employee engagement. Moreover this research study considers the selected large-scale businesses of India which is the only country having 2% mandatory CSR spending to the organisation fulfilling the specific criteria.
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Beckers, Cornelius. "‘I too in couplets would attempt to paint / Our varied woes, and versify complaint’: Poetic Form and Knowledge in Early Nineteenth-Century Satirical Poetry by East India Company Employees." Global Nineteenth-Century Studies 3, no. 1 (May 22, 2024): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/gncs.2024.4.
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This essay explores the ways in which employees of the East India Company (EIC) used the subversive form of satirical poetry during the early decades of the nineteenth century as one way of undermining orientalist bodies of knowledge that had guided previous policies of governing British India. Moreover, it will also be examined how these satires made use of widely known formal arrangements and poetic conventions of neoclassical poetry in order to undermine or break with previously accepted orientalist values of governance and related bodies of knowledge that were central to the education and training of new company officials during the latter decades of the eighteenth century. The specific case of the EIC will be used as a springboard for further discussions about whether similar instances of adapting metropolitan poetic conventions in colonial settings were common in other European imperial spaces on the subcontinent, such as Portuguese India.
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Leonard, Zak. "Law of Nations Theory and the Native Sovereignty Debates in Colonial India." Law and History Review 38, no. 2 (September 20, 2019): 373–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248019000415.
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Beginning in the 1840s, high-ranking officials within the East India Company began a concerted effort to confiscate and annex princely states, citing misrule or a default of blood heirs. In response, metropolitan reformers and their Indian allies orchestrated a sustained legalistic defense of native sovereignty in the public sphere and emerged as vocal opponents of colonial expansionism. Adapting concepts put forth by both law of nations theorists and contemporary jurists, they sought to preserve longstanding treaties and defend the princes' exercise of internal sovereignty. The colonial government's failure to adequately define the basis of its modern “paramountcy” invited such creative maneuvering. Reformist opposition to the annexation of Awadh, the dispossession of the Nawab of the Carnatic, and the confiscation of Mysore demonstrates that international law did not simply function as a Eurocentric tool of subordination, but could also provide a bulwark against colonial depredations.
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Kazarin, Victor N. "The History of the Aginsk Steppe Duma in the Documents from the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatiya (1839-1904) Has Been Published." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2020): 950–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-3-950-959.
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The review of an anthology on the history of the Aginsk Steppe Duma published by drs. B.V. Bazarov, B.T. Zhalsanova, L.V.Kuras notes that hundreds the new archival documents offer a holistic view on the governmental politics concerning one of large ingenious peoples of East Russia. The composers have identified and presented documents reflecting various aspects of local self-government of the Aginsk Duma created on the basis of M.M. Speransky’s Statute on the Inorodtsy of 1822. The review contains a brief characteristic of the archival documents corpus systematized in volumes and argues their information value. The documents contain data on the officials of the Duma, personnel structure in dynamics from its foundation to its termination. The edition offers an array of documents on tax policy pertaining to indigenous population, public censures, correspondence on administrative and land disputes at the turn of the 19th century. Authors-composers have published family lists of the Aginsk buryats. The review underscores the information value of the commentary included in all volumes of the edition, the nominal indexes numbering hundreds of surnames. The illustrative component of this three-volume edition is also emphasized: there are rare photos of officials of the Aginsk department, meetings of tsesarevitch Nikolai Aleksandrovich in Transbaikalia in 1892, deputy of the State Duma, descendants of families from the Transbaikal steppes in the Soviet period. The review emphasizes the importance of such edition for studying governmental policies concerning ingenious peoples, balance of government and local self- government, social and economic and cultural development of East regions in the Imperial period. Materials of the three-volume edition open numerous unpublished documents to researchers. The review notes its value for historians, local historians, archivists, museums employees, and those researching their family tree.
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Panwar, Ankur, and Amarjeet Kaur Malhotra. "Factors Affecting International Business of Service Sector Based Indian Public Sector Undertakings: A Preferential Analysis." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 11 (October 15, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n11p137.
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Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) in India are the entities which have the status of being Government-owned companies. Internationalization of activities is unavoidable these days in order to sustain. There are number of decisions involved when a PSU decides to enter International market. Tackling factors affecting international business are the most crucial decisions which a PSU has to make. Studies have been carried out in the field of International business and PSUs however, there is an absolute dearth of studies regarding awareness about factors affecting international business of service sector based Indian PSUs. This paper analyzes various factors affecting International business for service sector based Indian PSUs. This paper encompasses the boundary of entire International market and effort has been made to cover all continent and prominent regions/ countries. Responses to our questionnaire are collected from employees of service sector based Indian PSUs, employees of International organizations and related experts in the field of international business. This research study is exploratory in nature. The judgemental or purposive sampling method is used in the study. The data collected from various sources is interpreted and analysed with the help of need based statistical techniques. The descriptive analysis of the responses obtained from them has been done in the study. In descriptive analysis the measure of central tendency (mean, median), dispersion (standard deviation), minimum and maximum scores are estimated. Preferential mapping has also been used in the study to know the preferences of the respondents. In this research paper various factors affecting international business for service sector based Indian PSUs, in various international regions e.g. Africa, Middle East, Western Europe, Central & Eastern Europe, Asia, Australia, North America, Latin America & the Caribbean and preferred entry modes, promotional & operational strategies for most important factors have been found out through secondary data information and primary data analysis.
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Bancarzewski, Maciej, and Jane Hardy. "Workers' resistance in special economic zones in Poland." Employee Relations: The International Journal 43, no. 1 (August 6, 2020): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-08-2019-0310.
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PurposeThis article compares workers' resistance in foreign direct investments (FDIs) in the automotive and electronics sectors in two special economic zones (SEZs) in the north-east and south-west of Poland. It aims to investigate why, despite the shared characteristics of the SEZs, that there are different outcomes in terms of the balance of formal resistance through trade unions and informal resistance through sabotage.Design/methodology/approachA spatial framework of analysis is posited to examine how global capital, national employment frameworks and regional institutions play out in local labour markets and shape workers' sense of place and their capacity for workplace resistance. The research study is based on interviews with trade union officials and non-union employees in four foreign investment firms in Poland.FindingsThe findings point to the importance of the type of production in influencing the structural power of organised labour and the social agency workers influenced by their understanding of place.Originality/valueAnalysing workplace resistance and industrial relations from a spatial perspective.
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Sidik, Hasbi. "Korupsi, Kolusi dan Nepotisme (KKN) dalam Perspektif Hadis." TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam 11, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 403–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v11i2.169.
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Corruption is a social phenomenon has existed since the era of the history of Egyptian, Babylonian, Hebrew, Indian, Chinese, Greek, and Ancient Rome. Corruption on the surface appear as a problem. From start to tarap simple to the very modern. Various efforts have been made, law enforcement officials made various efforts to be able to cope. But along with the development of time corruption growing. Including Indonesia Corruption in our country and the day rather than getting lost, it became increasingly greater amounts and fantastic, with the number of players who more and more and congregation. Where did it from starting low-level employees to senior officials, civilian and military officials. This is an emergency that must be taken seriously. Because corruption is so diverse. If not immediately anticipated it will take effect very broad. Corruption occurs in almost all of developing countries including Indonesia besides Nigeria, Peru and the Philippines. A new issue currently developing is that corruption is related to the other organized crimes especially to the attempt of corruptors to hide their corruption-originated income through money laundering by using derivative transaction through an effective international transfer. Meanwhile, according to the data found by Asian Development Bank in Perceived Standard, it is stated that Indonesia belongs to the first place in cost competitiveness if compared to the other Asian countries. One of the ways which can be used by the Government of Indonesia is to confiscate the assets of the corruptors by claiming the assets obtained through a criminal act by means of what is called civil forfeiture in the countries practicing common law. Civil forfeiture was originally from England which was then developed in the United States which also practices the Principle of Common Law. This article describe about the corruption in the hadis maudu’, the classic are of Islam.
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Raina, Dhruv. "Transcultural Networks and Connectivities: The Circulation of Mathematical Ideas between India and England in the Nineteenth Century." Contemporary Education Dialogue 19, no. 1 (December 14, 2021): 84–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09731849211064500.
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The nineteenth century has been characterised as a period in which mathematics proper acquired a disciplinary and institutional autonomy. This article explores the intertwining of three intersecting worlds of the history of mathematics inasmuch as it engages with historicising the pursuit of novel mathematics, the history of disciplines and, more specifically, that of the British Indological writings on Indian mathematics, and finally, the history of mathematics education in nineteenth century India. But, more importantly, the article is concerned with a class of science and mathematics teaching problems that are taken up by researchers—in other words, science and mathematics teaching problems that lead to scientific and mathematical research. The article argues that over a period of 50 years, a network of scholars crystallised around a discussion on mathematics proper, the history of mathematics and education. This discussion spanned not just nineteenth-century England but India as well, involving scholars from both worlds. This network included Scottish mathematicians, East India Company officials and administrators who went on to constitute the first generation of British Indologists, a group of mathematicians in England referred to as the Analytics, and traditional Indian scholars and mathematics teachers. The focus will be on the concerns and genealogies of investigation that forged this network and sustained it for over half a century.
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Ziad, Waleed. "Mufti ‘Iwāz and the 1816 “Disturbances at Bareilli”:Inter-Communal Moral Economy and Religious Authority in Rohilkhand." Journal of Persianate Studies 7, no. 2 (November 5, 2014): 189–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18747167-12341272.
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In the Spring of 1816, the North Indian town of Bareilli witnessed a series of protests following the imposition of a House Tax by the East India Company government. Under the leadership of Mufti ‘Iwāz, a local ‘ālem associated with reformist Sufi traditions, various Muslim and Hindu communities of Bareilli engaged in collective action which culminated in a violent confrontation. Reading court records against the grain, this paper argues that the protests represented a complex form of negotiation framed within Islamo-Persianate paradigms—including symbols, language, and authority structures—which continued to define modes of popular political expression in the early colonial period. By focusing on Mufti ‘Iwāz, the incident provides rare insights into the practical relationship between Muslim orthodoxy, communal dynamics, and political authority. I argue that with the collapse of Mughal rule, the mufti assumed a role as an intermediary between the people of Bareilli and Company officials derived from precolonial conceptions of moral, popular, and spiritual authority shared by Hindu and Muslim communities.
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Kazani, Zahra. "Between the Foreign and the Familiar." Journal of Islamic Manuscripts 11, no. 3 (October 29, 2020): 373–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1878464x-01103004.
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Abstract A Qurʾan manuscript (British Library Add 5548–5551), attributed to fifteenth-century India, features a curious case of English annotations within its folios. The annotations take the form of interlinear translations superimposed onto its Persian counterpart. This article takes the contents of the English annotations and its physical placement within the body of the text as a platform to investigate the socio-cultural contexts of the manuscript’s circulation. In doing so, it illustrates the life of its owner, Charles Hamilton, an eighteenth-century military official and Orientalist at the East India Company. The content of the annotations suggests the manuscript’s function as a tool for language acquisition in the midst of Orientalist attempts at colonizing Indian knowledge; its physical placement, an embodiment of British encounters in India. The article builds on the nature of manuscript collecting by Company officials and the role that objects can play as they intersect with intellectual history.
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Tropp, Jacob. "Transnational development training and Native American ‘laboratories’ in the early Cold War." Journal of Global History 13, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022818000244.
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AbstractIn the late 1940s and early 1950s, as the US launched the Point Four initiative of overseas technical assistance programmes, a number of American officials, academics, and analysts saw valuable global lessons in the US Bureau of Indian Affairs’ development interventions among Native Americans. These interests culminated in a suite of professional training experiments, involving trainees from around the world, which emphasized cross-cultural development methods and used certain south-western Native American communities as field ‘laboratories’. A foundational seminar programme, coordinated by Cornell University social scientists, inspired additional training initiatives, tied to Point Four projects abroad, which brought foreign government officers from South Asia and the Middle East for similar training in New Mexico and Arizona. These training experiments not only placed Native American situations at the centre of significant transnational conversations about development, but also reinforced and widely circulated particular ideas regarding ‘underdevelopment’, ‘experts” prerogatives, and the politics of development relations.
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Chan, Ying-Kit. "Zheng He Remains in Africa." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 37, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v37i1.5906.
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In recent years, China has sought to extend its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) from Central Asia and Southeast Asia to Africa. This article argues that Chinese officials, aided by Chinese maritime archaeologists, journalists and researchers, have used discourses of heritage and history as a form of soft padding to justify China's infrastructure projects in Africa. Zheng He, a Ming dynasty admiral, who had allegedly visited East Africa in four of his seven famous voyages across the Indian Ocean, is particularly important in China's narrative of its historical relations with Africa. The details of Zheng He's engagement with Africa remain contested by historians, especially those in Western academia. The Chinese government thus supports 'sub-initiatives' of heritage and history construction, namely maritime archaeology, travel journalism and student fellowships, to substantiate the legacy of Zheng He in Africa. By suggesting that China and Africa also share the legacy of having been exploited, humiliated and victimized by European colonial powers, Chinese intellectuals have fashioned the BRI into an anti-imperialist discourse for acceptance by their African counterparts.
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Purnomo, Wisnuaji. "Career Development of Functional Position of Customs and Excise Inspector At The Directoreate General Of Customs and Excise, East Jawa I Regional Office." Airlangga Development Journal 6, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/adj.v6i1.36989.
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The mandate of the ASN Law shows that the career development of the State Civil Apparatus is an integral part of ASN Management. The purpose of ASN career development is to match the needs and goals of existing employees, with the career opportunities available in the organization concerned. The function of ASN as Public Policy Executor as well as the glue and unifier of the nation requires ASN to have professional and high-performing skills, knowledge and attitudes. One way to achieve this is by choosing a career as a functional official.Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DGCE) as one of the government agencies under The Ministry of Finance of Indonesian Republic that serves the public in the field of customs and excise, also has a functional position in the structure of its employee positions. Based on the data of Directorate General of Customs and Excise strategic plan (Renstra) 2015-2019, DGCE still needs additional new employees as many as 8,298 people, among them from the side of internal factors, among others, to recruit Functional Officials of Customs and Excise Inspectors sub-elements of Customs Audit. In terms of aspects of career management, one of the activities carried out is to appoint and improve the management of functional positions of DJBC. This research is a descriptive qualitative research design in the form of a case study. The selection of the case study research design was based on the fact that the researcher wanted to clarify the career development of the Functional Position of Customs and Excise Inspector at the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DGCE), East Java I Regional Office, in detail and explore career development problems that exist over time. The framework in this research uses the process flow of career development theory which includes a career planning and career management.
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Curtis, Val. "Explaining the outcomes of the 'Clean India' campaign: institutional behaviour and sanitation transformation in India." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 5 (September 2019): e001892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001892.
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IntroductionMany less developed countries are struggling to provide universal access to safe sanitation, but in the past 5 years India has almost reached its target of eliminating open defaecation.ObjectiveTo understand how the Indian government effected this sanitation transformation.MethodsThe study employed interviews with 17 actors in the government’s ‘Clean India’ programme across the national capital and four states, which were analysed using a theory of change grounded in Behaviour Centred Design.ResultsThe Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) claims to have improved the coverage of toilets in rural India from 39% to over 95% of households between 2014 and mid-2019. From interviews with relevant actors we constructed a theory of change for the programme, in which high-level political support and disruptive leadership changed environments in districts, which led to psychological changes in district officials. This, in turn, led to changed behaviour for sanitation programming. The prime minister set an ambitious goal of eliminating open defaecation by the 150th birthday of Mahatma Gandhi (October 2019). This galvanised government bureaucracy, while early success in 100 flagship districts reduced the scepticism of government employees, a cadre of 500 young professionals placed in districts imparted new ideas and energy, social and mass media were used to inform and motivate the public, and new norms of ethical behaviour were demonstrated by leaders. As a result, district officials became emotionally involved in the programme and felt pride at their achievement in ridding villages of open defaecation.ConclusionsThough many challenges remain, governments seeking to achieve the sustainable development goal of universal access to safe sanitation can emulate the success of India’s Swachh Bharat Mission.
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Sandhya Mishra. "Reassessing Mongolia-India Economic Relationship: Present, Past and Future." GIS Business 14, no. 6 (February 20, 2020): 1156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i6.18881.
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India and Mongolia and two geographically distant countries yet they have been bonded together since ancient times owing to its close cultural affinity. This closeness mainly through Buddhism has also helped both the countries in maintaining a cordial relationship over the time. In modern times, the bilateral relationship between Mongolia and India developed in 1955 as the Indian government took the initiative to know better its East-Asian neighborhood. The historic and cultural connections between the two countries are well-known. Hunas invaded through India’s northern border. Buddhism travelled far from home to reach Mongolia. They share a lineage that allows both India and Mongolia to stand on a common ground of mutual respect and cooperation. The diplomatic relation between these two nations holds much importance as both countries are serious about improving its economic condition. In the recent years, there has been increased visibility of movements of leaders, diplomats and high officials visiting each other in an effort to improve the bilateral relation. One of the significant event is the visit of Indian Prime minister Sri Narendra Modi’s visit to Mongolia in May, 2015 wherein he announced a credit line of $1 billion to Mongolia for its economic development, as both the countries agreed to enhance their relationship from ‘Comprehensive Partnership’ to ‘Strategic Partnership’. This signifies an important step towards syncing the present partnership and taking it to a newer height.
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Coltman, Viccy. "A family affair: John Bacon’s monument to Jane Russell, 1810-13." Sculpture Journal: Volume 30, Issue 3 30, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 303–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sj.2021.30.3.4.
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Focusing on John Bacon the younger’s monument to Jane Russell, this article illuminates death and memorialization in early nineteenth-century British India, with a social history focus regarding issues of gender and family. The monument in its first iteration was lost at sea in a shipwreck, and a later replacement is still in situ in St Mary’s Church at Fort St George, in the former Madras Presidency. The narrative arc traces the life cycle of a memorial to a young woman whose husband and father were leading English East India Company employees, including its commission by correspondence, execution in the metropolis and transport to the Indian subcontinent. Russell’s death and its commemoration in visual and material culture were, it is argued, a family affair on various interpretative strata, including but by no means limited to the iconography of her marmoreal ‘deathscape’.
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Beattie, James. "Biota Barons, 'Neo-Eurasias' and Indian-New Zealand Informal Eco-Cultural Networks, 1830s–1870s." Global Environment 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 133–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2020.130105.
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This article examines informal (private and commercial) imperial networks and environmental modification by former English East India Company (EIC) employees in New Zealand, as well as the introduction of subcontinental species into that colony. Several very wealthy settlers from India, it argues, single-handedly introduced a cornucopia of Indian plants and animals into different parts of nineteenth-century New Zealand and used money earned in India to engage in large-scale environmental modification. Such was the scale of their enterprise 'in the business of shifting biota from place to place' and in remaking environments in parts of New Zealand that these individuals can be considered 'biota barons'. A focus on the informal eco-cultural networks they created helps refine the thesis of ecological imperialism. It also expands the more recent concept of neo-ecological imperialism, by highlighting the role of non-European natures and models in the re-making of Britain's colonies of settlement and by tracing exchanges between white settler colonies and colonies of extraction. In sum, the paper demonstrates the influence of particular private individuals with the necessary wealth and will to effect certain kinds of environmental change, and tentatively suggests that we might usefully consider Australasia as 'neo-Eurasias' rather than 'neo-Europes'.
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Efrati, Noga. "THE EFFENDIYYA: WHERE HAVE ALL THE WOMEN GONE?" International Journal of Middle East Studies 43, no. 2 (April 8, 2011): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743811000122.
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In his “Note about the Term Effendiyya in the History of the Middle East” (International Journal of Middle East Studies 41 [2009]: 535–39), Michael Eppel clarifies his own use of effendiyya in an article he wrote for IJMES in 1998. In the 1998 article, Eppel emphasized the value of studying the effendiyya, or what he called the “Westernized middle stratum,” and its dominance in political life to better understand Hashimite Iraq (1921–58). Members of this group, he argued, benefited from modern education and donned Western dress. They were young state employees (officials, teachers, health workers, engineers, and, later, military officers) who adopted Arab nationalism and Pan-Arab ideology as a means to cope with their socioeconomic and political discontent. From the 1930s, Eppel noted, the effendiyya created the radical political atmosphere that lent backing to the “militant-authoritarian trends” that led to the pro-German Rashid ʿAli coup and the war with Britain in 1941. After World War II, they joined with other nationalist forces to lead the 1948 Wathba (uprising) against prolonging the Anglo–Iraqi treaty. In 1958, the army officers among them overthrew the monarchy. This “middle stratum” differed from the Western concept of the “new middle class,” and the indigenous Arabic term effendiyya, as employed by Eppel, endeavored to grasp the essence of this difference. It reflected a common experience that was the result of its members’ similar education, culture, and concerns rather than their economic status, social origins, and type of employment.
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Stephens, Julia. "An Uncertain Inheritance: The Imperial Travels of Legal Migrants, from British India to Ottoman Iraq." Law and History Review 32, no. 4 (August 27, 2014): 749–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248014000443.
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Like many nineteenth-century travelers, Iqbal al-Daulah, a cousin of the Nawab of the Indian princely state of Awadh, navigated multiple legal systems as he migrated across Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. Living through the absorption of Awadh into the expanding British Empire, he eventually joined a community of Indian Shias in Ottoman Iraq, who regularly used British consular courts. While still in India, Iqbal al-Daulah composed a tribute in Persian and English to British justice. He described British courts in the following laudatory terms: “What Ease is afforded to Petitioners! The Doors of the numerous Courts being open, if any by reason of his dark fate, should be disappointed in the attainment of his desire, in one Court, in another he may obtain the Victory and Succeed.” Iqbal al-Daulah secured a sizeable pension and knighthood from the British government. However, at the end of his life, he had lost faith in British courts. In his will he lamented: “British courts are uncertain, stock in trade of bribery, wrong, delay…the seekers of redress, are captives of the paw of the Court officials; and business goes on by bribery not to be counted or described.” Despite Iqbal al-Daulah's words of caution, his friends and relatives became enmeshed in legal battles over his inheritance in British courts in India and Ottoman Iraq. In doing so, they joined the crowds of colonial subjects who flooded the courts, enduring expense and annoyance despite the prospect of uncertain outcomes.
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Managuli, Gangubai Shivappa, J. P. Sharma, Reshma Gills, R. R. Burman, and Bishal Gurung. "Constraints in Organizations of Agricultural Knowledge Creation, Information Management and Technology Delivery System in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh, India." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 11 (November 30, 2023): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i112281.
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The present study was conducted to delineate the various constraints faced by the institutions doing agricultural knowledge, information management, and technology delivery. The Bundelkhand Region of U.P. was purposively chosen for this study because of the presence of major institutes such as the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute (IGFRI), Central Agroforestry Research Institute and agricultural universities located in Banda and Jhansi, ICAR KVKs, state government line departments, ATMA and many related NGOs. Secondary data were collected through the study of extant literature. Identified major constraints were sorted out with the help of experts. Primary data was collected from officials of every organization through direct personal interviews and focussed group discussions. The total sample size was 50. The constraints were grouped into three categories; that is, constraints in knowledge creation, information management, and technology delivery. Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) method was used to quantify the responses, in order to establish the major constraints with severe effects. Findings revealed there is a need for knowledge experts to periodically train the work-force of the sampled organizations to update the skill of the scientists. Such up scaling of employees’ knowledge would increase digitalization, improve effective management of information; enhance coordination among different organizations while reducing duplicative efforts or misplaced efforts.
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Vishnu, C. R., R. Sridharan, P. N. Ram Kumar, and V. Regi Kumar. "Analysis of the operational risk factors in public hospitals in an Indian state." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 33, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-06-2018-0156.
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Purpose Risk management in the healthcare sector is a highly relevant sub-domain and a crucial research area from the humanitarian perspective. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the managerial/supply chain risk factors experienced by the government hospitals in an Indian state. The present paper analyzes the inter-relationships among the significant risk factors and ranks those risk factors based on their criticality. Design/methodology/approach The current research focuses on 125 public hospitals in an Indian state. Questionnaire-based survey and personal interviews were conducted in the healthcare sector among the inpatients and hospital staff to identify the significant risk factors. An integrated DEMATEL–ISM–PROMETHEE method is adopted to analyze the impact potential and dependence behavior of the risk factors. Findings The analysis asserts the absence of critical risk factors that have a direct impact on patient safety in the present healthcare system under investigation. However, the results illustrate the remarkable impact potential attributed to the risk factor, namely, staff shortage in inducing other risk factors such as employee attitudinal issues, employee health issues and absenteeism altogether resulting in community mistrust/misbeliefs. Maintenance mismanagement, monsoon time epidemics, physical infrastructure limitations are also found to be significant risk factors that compromise patient satisfaction levels. Practical implications Multiple options are illustrated to mitigate significant risk factors and operational constraints experienced by public hospitals in the state. The study warrants urgent attention from government officials to fill staff vacancies and to improve the infrastructural facilities to match with the increasing demand from the society. Furthermore, this research recommends the hospital authorities to start conducting induction and training programs for the hospital employees to instill the fundamental code of conduct while working in hectic, challenging and even in conditions with limited resources. Originality/value Only limited papers are visible that address the identification and mitigation of risk factors associated with hospitals. The present paper proposes a novel DEMATEL–ISM–PROMETHEE integrated approach to map the inter-relationships among the significant risk factors and to rank those risk factors based on their criticality. Furthermore, the present study discloses the unique setting of the public healthcare system in a developing nation.
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Yahaya, Nurfadzilah. "Legal Pluralism and the English East India Company in the Straits of Malacca during the Early Nineteenth Century." Law and History Review 33, no. 4 (September 28, 2015): 945–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248015000607.
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During the early nineteenth century, the English East India Company (EIC) was in a state of transition in Penang, an island in the Straits of Malacca off the coast of the Malay Peninsula. Although the EIC had established strong ties with merchants based in Penang, they had failed to convince the EIC government in Bengal to invest them with more legal powers. As a result, they could not firmly extend formal jurisdiction over the region. The Anglo-Dutch Treaty (also known as the Treaty of London) that officially cemented EIC legal authority over the Straits of Malacca, was not signed until 1824, bringing the three Straits Settlements of Penang, Malacca, and Singapore under EIC rule officially in 1826. Prior to that, the EIC imposed their ideas of legitimacy on the region via other means, mainly through the co-optation of local individuals of all origins who were identified as politically and economically influential, by granting them EIC military protection, and ease of sailing under English flags. Because co-opted influential individuals could still be a threat to EIC authority in the region, EIC company officials eradicated competing loci of authority by discrediting them in courtroom trials in which they were treated as private individuals. All clients in EIC courts including royal personages in the region were treated like colonial subjects subject to English Common Law. By focusing on a series of trials involving a prominent merchant named Syed Hussain Aideed from 1816 to 1821, this article traces how EIC legal authority became pervasive at the eastern end of the Indian Ocean by the early nineteenth century without actual territorial conquest.
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LEES, JAMES. "Administrator-scholars and the Writing of History in Early British India: A review article." Modern Asian Studies 48, no. 3 (July 30, 2013): 826–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x13000322.
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AbstractThe histories of Asian peoples penned by British East India Company officials during the early years of colonial rule—rightly—have long been considered to be doubtful source material within the historiography of South Asia. Their credibility was suspect well before the middle of the twentieth century, when Bernard Cohn's work began to present the British colonial state as one that relentlessly sought to categorize Indian society, and to use the distorted information thus gained to impose its government.However, the histories of these administrator-scholars still retain value—not as accurate studies of their subjects, perhaps, but as barometers of the times in which they were written and also in the unexpected ways in which some continue to resonate in the present. To illustrate that point, this paper will review three recent monographs which deal with the writings and historical legacies of some of the Company's most prominent early nineteenth-century administrator-scholars. These are: Jason Freitag's Serving Empire, Serving Nation: James Tod and the Rajputs of Rajasthan; Jack Harrington's Sir John Malcolm and the Creation of British India; and Rama Mantena's work centred around the antiquarian pursuits of Colin Mackenzie, The Origins of Modern Historiography in India: Antiquarianism and Philology, 1780–1880.1
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Eason, Andrew M. "Religion versus the Raj: The Salvation Army’s “Invasion” of British India." Mission Studies 28, no. 1 (2011): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/016897811x572195.
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AbstractEmerging as a mission in East London in 1865, the Salvation Army quickly became known for its militant and unconventional evangelism on the streets of British towns and cities. Convinced that unrepentant souls were headed for hell, Salvationists employed sensational tactics to attract the attention of the lower working classes. This strategy did not change when the Salvation Army sent a small party of missionaries to Bombay in 1882. They not only arrived in Indian dress but held noisy processions through the city’s streets. While these methods reflected the Salvation Army’s revivalist theology, they brought Salvationists into collision with the colonial authorities. Fearing that the Army’s aggressive and sensational evangelism would lead to religious rioting and reduce the religion of the ruling race to ridicule, the Bombay police arrested the Salvationists on several occasions between September 1882 and April 1883. Although the city’s British residents generally approved of the actions of the police, many Indians and missionaries came to the defence of the evangelical organization, believing that imperial officials had acted unjustly towards the Army’s missionaries. Bolstered by this support, Salvationists repeatedly defied colonial authority for the sake of religious liberty, demonstrating through their words and actions that the Salvation Army could be anything but a benefit to imperial stability and prestige on the subcontinent.
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Starovoytova, Elena O. "Reorganization of Diplomatic missions of the Russian Empire in North-East China During the Early XX Century: based on Materials from the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire." RUDN Journal of Russian History 22, no. 3 (December 15, 2023): 484–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-3-484-495.
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In their article, author considers previously little-studied aspects of the activities of Russian diplomatic missions in China in the late XIX - early XX century in order to explore the features of the daily life of the consular offices of the Russian Empire in China. The study is based on the copies of the answers of the Russian consular office employees in Manchuria to the questionnaire compiled by a special Commission for the Reorganization of the Foreign Service under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1907. These documents are stored in the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Empire of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, and have been introduced used publicly for scientific use for the first time here. From the available material, it is apparent that in addition to the difficult living conditions in unusual climate, Foreign Ministry officials in China faced a large number of domestic difficulties, a lack of working materials, and funding. Disagreements over the delimitation of consular districts and the powers of diplomats led to inconsistency in the activities of Russian consuls in China. Nevertheless, despite the difficulties, under any circumstances Russian diplomats remained committed to their duty and did their best in the interests of their state, at the same time striving to establish friendly and equal relations with their Chinese counter-parts.