Academic literature on the topic 'East India Company. – History – 18th century'
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Journal articles on the topic "East India Company. – History – 18th century"
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Ansari, S. M. Razaullah. "Modern Astronomy in Indo – Persian Sources." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 2 (1998): 730–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153929960001861x.
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The Period from 1858 to 1947 is known as the British Period of Indian History. After the fall of Mughal empire, when the first war of independence against British colonisers failed in 1857, and the East India Company’s Government was transferred to the British Crown in 1858. However only in 1910, a Department of Education was established by the (British) Govt, of India and in the following decades modern universities were established in various important Indian towns, wherein Western / European type education and training with English as medium of instruction were imparted. However more than a century before, Indian scholar’s came into contact with the scholars – administrators of East India Company, either through employment or social interaction. Thereby, Indians became acquainted with the scientific (also technological) advances in Europe. A few of them visited England and other European countries, Portugal, Prance etc. already in the last quarter of 18th century, in order to experience and to learn firsthand the European sciences.
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ren, SøMentz. "Book Review: Competition and Collaboration. Parsi Merchants and the English East India Company in 18th Century India." International Journal of Maritime History 9, no. 1 (June 1997): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149700900121.
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Tigari, Harish, and R. Aishwarya. "Capital Markets in India: A Conceptual Framework." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v8i1.1321.
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The history of Indian capital market goes back to the 18th century when the securities of East Indian company was traded. The contribution of Indian capital market for the sustainability of Indian economy is considerably since the year 1890’s. The capital market plays a role in terms of wealth distribution and economic development of a country like India. Capital market acts as a transformer of savings into capital investment. The capital market has witnessed a major reforms since the implementation of New Economic Policy 1991 and thereafter. The Indian government and SEBI have adopted the various reforms in order to enhance the performance of Indian stock exchanges. The present study tries to analyze the recent reforms in Indian capital market from the year 2010 onwards. The present research is largely based on the secondary data. The statistical facts and figures regarding the growth and development of the capital market was available from various journals, publications and websites.
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Ara, Aniba Israt, and Arshad Islam. "East India Company Strategies in the Development of Singapore." Social Science, Humanities and Sustainability Research 2, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): p37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sshsr.v2n3p37.
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Singapore in the Malay Peninsula was targeted by the British East India Company (EIC) to be the epicentre of their direct rule in Southeast Asia. Seeking new sources of revenue at the end of the 18th century, after attaining domination in India, the Company sought to extend its reach into China, and Malaya was the natural region to do this, extending outposts to Penang and Singapore. The latter was first identified as a key site by Stamford Raffles. The EIC Governor General Marquess Hastings (r. 1813-1823) planned to facilitate Raffle’s attention on the Malay Peninsula from Sumatra. Raffles’ plan for Singapore was approved by the EIC’s Bengal Government. The modern system of administration came into the Straits Settlements under the EIC’s Bengal Presidency. In 1819 in Singapore, Raffles established an Anglo-Oriental College (AOC) for the study of Eastern languages, literature, history, and science. The AOC was intended firstly to be the centre of local research and secondly to increase inter-cultural knowledge of the East and West. Besides Raffles’ efforts, the EIC developed political and socio-economic systems for Singapore. The most important aspects of the social development of Singapore were proper accommodation for migrants, poverty eradication, health care, a new system of education, and women’s rights. The free trade introduced by Francis Light (and later Stamford Raffles) in Penang and Singapore respectively gave enormous opportunities for approved merchants to expand their commerce from Burma to Australia and from Java to China. Before the termination of the China trade in 1833 Singapore developed tremendously, and cemented the role of the European trading paradigm in the East.
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Gawronski, Jerzy. "East Indiaman Amsterdam research 1984–1986." Antiquity 64, no. 243 (June 1990): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00078029.
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Since 1984, underwater archaeological excavations have studied the Amsterdam, a ship of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). Three annual reports (Gawronski 1985; 1986; 1987) have been published by the VOC Schip Amsterdam Foundation covering excavations and research in 1984, 1985 and 1986. Rooij – Gawronski (1989) presents a detailed account of the history, methods and results of the Amsterdam project and background information about the ship and the VOC.The Amsterdam, built in 1748 in Amsterdam, was lost during her maiden voyage, outwardbound for Batavia, the modern Djakarta, in January 1749 near the little town of Hastings on the south coast of England (FIGURE 1). The excavations form part of an integrated historical and archaeological programme to create relevant historical models for understanding the ship and its contents. This project aims to contribute to a more detailed and realistic view of the shipping and trade of the VOC in the 18th century.
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Hellman, Lisa. "Life in the foreign quarters of Canton: The case of the Swedish East India Company in the long eighteenth century." International Journal of Maritime History 27, no. 4 (November 2015): 798–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871415610289.
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This note describes a project analysing the everyday life in the foreign quarters of Canton, focusing on the Swedish East India Company employees 1730–1830. Canton was a well-known hub in the global trade during the long 18th century. However, it had strict restrictions on the foreign traders. Additionally, this port had a complex make-up in terms of ethnicity, class and religion, and I argue for the need to take its many groups into account. The Swedish company is a rare topic of study compared to other, larger companies, but it provides an unusual perspective: that of the small and non-colonial European company meeting a large and powerful Asian empire. The intercultural interaction in Canton took place in a very small space. This environment, in a restricted space, under Asian control, with many different groups, made for special relations among the foreign traders, and between the foreigners. This is particularly clear when focusing on the everyday life. I have studied the daily life Swedish employees in terms of how they acted as parts of groups, how they lived in this cramped space, their communication (amongst themselves and with others), their consumption and material practices, and finally which practices and strategies they used to establish trust.
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Sheikh, Samira. "Persian in the Villages, or, the Language of Jamiat Rai’s Account Books." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 64, no. 5-6 (November 26, 2021): 693–751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341551.
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Abstract District (pargana)-level land revenue administration in late-Mughal south Gujarat was run mostly by Hindu and Jain family firms which operated within a multilingual environment featuring Gujarati and Marathi as well as Persian. Similar arrangements continued under early East India Company control but, by the 1820s, the British had done away with land-revenue family firms and their contextual multilingualism, replacing them with directly-employed village accountants writing only in Gujarati. This article argues that pargana-level officials’ multilingualism and relative autonomy were not an 18th-century aberration but a key feature of Mughal administration, dislodged with difficulty by the British.
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Nikolskaia, Kseniia D. "Lutheran Romance. Missionaries of Tranquenar in Search for Life Companions." Oriental Courier, no. 1 (2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310021415-4.
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The Danish East India Company (Dansk Østindisk Kompagni) was established in Europe at the beginning of the 17th century. Its stronghold in India was the city of Trankebar (Dansborg Fortress), located 250 km from Madras. In the early years of the 18th century, the first Lutheran missionaries, Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg and Heinrich Plütschau, appeared on the Coromandel Coast. It was at this time that the Danish Royal Mission, financed by King Frederick IV, was established in the Indian South. It consisted mainly of Germans, graduates of the University of Halle in Saxony, a bastion of pietism in Germany. As time passed, the number of European clergymen working in the Tranquebar grew, as did the number of local converts. Working in a large Christian community required a great deal of time and energy on the part of the missionaries. At some point, they began to use the Tranquebar neophytes for this work as well. But this did not solve all problems. Three years after their arrival in Tranquebar, the missionaries decided that some of them, Ziegenbalg himself, Plütschau, and Johann Ernst Gründler, who had just arrived in India, should marry women from Germany who would be reliable assistants in their difficult work. The prospective brides had to conform to the pietist concept of piety and devotion to the Lord. The article relates the missionaries’ search for brides in Europe and the two partnerships that resulted: Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg married Maria Dorothea Salzmann after a trip to Europe from 1714 to 1716, while his friend ohann Ernst Gründler married at Tranquebar without waiting for a bride from far away from Europe. His bride of choice was Utilia Elisabeth. These matrimonial histories provide a clearer picture of what “pietism in action” looked like in the history of the missionary movement while enlivening the history of the Christianization of the East with personal details and adding human traits to the founders of Orientalism-as Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg certainly is for Tamilism.
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Mohamed Amin, Abd Ur-Rahman. "Politik dan Ekonomi Terengganu pada Hujung Abad Ke-18: Kajian terhadap Warkah Sultan Mansur Shah I." Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu 13, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 271–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/jm.13(2)no5.
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This article discusses the contents of 17 letters from Sultan Mansur Shah I, the Sultan of Terengganu, are preserved in the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London with the reference number SOAS MS 40320. Written in Malay using Arabic script, these were sent between 1785 and 1794. The contents discuss the political history of Terengganu involving foreign relations with the Siamese and the British. The Siamese were a continuous threat to Terengganu, especially after the Siamese conquest of Patani in 1785. Therefore, Terengganu sought to establish diplomatic relations with the British East India Company to protect it from the Siamese invasion. However, the attempt was unsuccessful due to the East India Company’s principle of non-involvement in Malay affairs. In terms of economy, Terengganu had trade links with Palembang, which supplied pepper and tin, as well as with ports in Java and Borneo. Terengganu also had trade relations with China and India. The Sultan of Terengganu employed a royal merchant, Saudagar Nasruddin, to manage his trade. British ships were used to carry pilgrims to Mecca through ports in Pulau Pinang and India. The letters also discuss the lineage of Sultan Mansur Shah I, which closely links him to the Johor and Patani sultanates. The entire contents of these letters have helped to provide more detailed information on the politics and economy of the Terengganu sultanate in the late 18th century.
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Roessingh, M. P. H. "A Pretender on Gowa' Throne. The War of Batara Gowa I. Singkilang in South West Celebes, 1776–c. 1790." Itinerario 9, no. 2 (July 1985): 151–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300016168.
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The subject of this article is the fight for the throne in the kingdom of Gowa at the end of the 18th century, during the decline of the Dutch East India Company, a period which also saw the downfall of Gowa and the supremacy of Bone. The sources for the history of this period are twofold: on one hand the indigenous sources, “lontara-bilang” (diaries) and other records in Buginese and Makassarese; secondly, the European writings, principally the archival materials from the Dutch government at Makassar, supplemented by travel accounts and reports of the English. My primary sources are almost exclusively Dutch, namely the papers of the VOC, as they are preserved in the General State Archives in The Hague. To be more precise, these sources may be in Dutch, but in addition to the letters etc. written by Company officials, they also contain translations from documents drawn up by the rulers of Bone and Gowa or other of Asians. Moreover, the governors of Makassar often made use of indigenous sources, both oral and written, in preparing their lengthy memoirs about the state of affairs in their district. In 1736, the High Government in Batavia decided that two accurate genealogical tables must be prepared of the royal houses of Bone and Gowa.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "East India Company. – History – 18th century"
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Bérubé, Damien. "The East India Company, British Fiscal-Militarism and Violence in India, 1765-1788." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40965.
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The grant of the diwani to the East India Company in August 1765 represents a climacteric moment in British imperial histories. Vested by the Mughal Emperor Shah Allam II, this newfound right to collect revenue saddled the Company with the broader and formal economic, judicial and military responsibilities of a territorial empire. Wherefore, in the era of post-Mughal political splintering, the EIC, as an emerging subcontinental state had to contend with internal revolts abetted by ethno-religious and socio-economic crises, but also because of threats posed by the Kingdom of Mysore and the Maratha Confederacy. Nevertheless, in the midst of the American Revolution, the EIC’s contentious and contested conduct of imperial governance in India became an ideological, philosophical and pragmatic point of domestic and imperial contention. Thus, confronted with the simultaneous internal and external implications of the crises of Empire between 1765 and 1788, the role of the Company’s fiscal-military administration and exercise of violence within the spheres British imperial governance was reconceptualised and in doing so contemporaries underwrote the emergence of what historians have subsequently called the ‘Second British Empire’ in India. Alternatively, the reconceptualisation of the EIC’s fiscal-military administration served to ensure the continuity and preservation of the British imperial nexus as it was imposed upon Bengal. This work, therefore, traces the Company’s fiscal-military administration and dispensation of violence during the ‘crises of empire’ as a point of genesis in the development and reformation of British imperial governance. Moreover, it will show that the interdependent nature of the Company’s ‘fiscal-military hybridity’ ultimately came to underwrite further the ideological, philosophical and pragmatic consolidation of imperial governance in ‘British India’. Accordingly, this dissertation examines the interdependent role between Parliament’s reconceptualisation of the East India Company’s fiscal-military administration of violence and the changing nature of British imperial governance in ‘British India’.
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Harris, Eleanor M. "The Episcopal congregation of Charlotte Chapel, Edinburgh, 1794-1818." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/19991.
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This thesis reassesses the nature and importance of the Scottish Episcopal Church in Edinburgh and more widely. Based on a microstudy of one chapel community over a twenty-four year period, it addresses a series of questions of religion, identity, gender, culture and civic society in late Enlightenment Edinburgh, Scotland, and Britain, combining ecclesiastical, social and economic history. The study examines the congregation of Charlotte Episcopal Chapel, Rose Street, Edinburgh, from its foundation by English clergyman Daniel Sandford in 1794 to its move to the new Gothic chapel of St John's in 1818. Initially an independent chapel, Daniel Sandford's congregation joined the Scottish Episcopal Church in 1805 and the following year he was made Bishop of Edinburgh, although he contined to combine this role with that of rector to the chapel until his death in 1830. Methodologically, the thesis combines a detailed reassessment of Daniel Sandford's thought and ministry (Chapter Two) with a prosopographical study of 431 individuals connected with the congregation as officials or in the in the chapel registers (Chapter Three). Biography of the leader and prosopography of the community are brought to illuminate and enrich one another to understand the wealth and business networks of the congregation (Chapter Four) and their attitudes to politics, piety and gender (Chapter Five). The thesis argues that Daniel Sandford's Evangelical Episcopalianism was both original in Scotland, and one of the most successful in appealing to educated and influential members of Edinburgh society. The congregation, drawn largely from the newly-built West End of Edinburgh, were bourgeois and British in their composition. The core membership of privileged Scots, rooted in land and law, led, but were also challenged by and forced to adapt to a broad social spread who brought new wealth and influence into the West End through India and the consumer boom. The discussion opens up many avenues for further research including the connections between Scottish Episcopalianism and romanticism, the importance of India and social mobility within the consumer economy in the development of Edinburgh, and Scottish female intellectual culture and its engagement with religion and enlightenment. Understanding the role of enlightened, evangelical Episcopalianism, which is the contribution of this study, will form an important context for these enquiries.
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DAVINI, Roberto. "Una conquista incerta : la Compagnia inglese delle Indie e la seta del Bengala (1769-1833)." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5751.
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Defence date: 11 October 2004Examining board: Prof. Angelo Moioli, Università di Milano ; Prof. Claudio Zanier, Università di Pisa ; Prof. K. N. Chaudhuri, Istituto Universitario Europeo, Supervisor ; Prof. Diogo Ramada Courto, Istituto Universitario Europeo
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Bae, Kyoungjin. "Joints of Utility, Crafts of Knowledge: the Material Culture of the Sino-British Furniture Trade during the Long Eighteenth Century." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GX4BR6.
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This dissertation examines the material culture of the Sino-British furniture trade in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In the beginning of the eighteenth century, the British East India Company began importing a large quantity of furniture made in Canton (Guangzhou), China. As the trade between Britain and China became standardized around 1720, this furniture became a part of the private trade carried out by merchants associated with Company. Unlike other objects of the China trade that fed into the vogue of chinoiserie, export furniture crafted with hardwoods from the Indian Ocean was produced in European designs of the time and thus was often indistinguishable from its Western counterparts. What cultural and economic values did export furniture represent in the early modern maritime trade and how did it reify the trans-regional movement of knowledge and taste between China and Britain? Going beyond the conventional perspective on export Chinese objects oriented toward European reception, I connect production with consumption in order to follow the trajectory of export furniture from its origins in the intra-Asian timber trade to its requisition and manufacture in Canton to its reception and use in both Britain and China, highlighting how this process linked the disparate spheres of commerce, knowledge production and distribution, and cultural practices. In the course of exploring these multiple dimensions of the object’s material life, this dissertation underscores export furniture’s bicultural and transcultural characteristics.
Utilizing diverse sets of visual, material, and textual sources, each chapter of the dissertation investigates different aspects of the movement of furniture as an assemblage. Chapter 1 reconstructs the itinerary of export furniture as a commodity from the EIC timber trade between India and China to the ordering and shipping of the furniture for the British market. I show how the character of export furniture was shaped by the constraints of space and the economic, environmental, and epistemic contingencies of long distance travel and communication. Chapter 2 examines the influence of imported Asian rosewood – an important cabinet timber from which most hardwood Chinese export furniture was made – on early modern British arboreal knowledge. If the knowledge of rosewood in the seventeenth century was grounded in classical texts that defined it as a subshrub growing in the eastern Mediterranean region, in the eighteenth century the term came to refer to a hardwood species imported from tropical Asia. I argue that this change allowed rosewood to obtain a new status as a universal category in the botanical taxonomy, which collected, pruned, and ordered heterogeneous cultural and natural information associated with it into a neatly classified “cabinet” of universal knowledge.
Chapter 3 returns to Canton to investigate Cantonese cabinetmakers and the production of export furniture. By reading the joinery of extant export furniture pieces, I show how Chinese artisans recreated foreign forms by mobilizing their embodied knowledge of craft rather than by imitating European joinery constructions. The details of this material translation not only reflect the flexibility and resilience of traditional Chinese craft but also illuminate the tacit knowledge and craft patterns of early modern Chinese artisans. Chapters 4 and 5 turn to the domain of consumption in Britain and China, respectively. Chapter 4 explores how Chinese cabinets were experienced in early modern Britain. Comparing lacquered and hardwood display cabinets, I show that Chinese cabinets were not just exotic objects; they played an active role in the evolution of the cabinet as a type of furniture in the domestic material culture and created an affective space both within themselves and in their ambient space that invited the bodily experience and imagination of the user-beholder. The final chapter examines the movement and adaptation of European round tables in mid-Qing Chinese material culture. Introduced by European mariners to Canton, the round tables quickly found their niche in local everyday life and eventually spread beyond Guangdong. I show how they partook in the formation of a new social dining practice that conveyed a new political vision of equality. As a whole, my dissertation argues that export furniture was a Eurasian object that embodied cross-cultural knowledge of craft and nature, and engendered new ideas of utility and sociability.
Books on the topic "East India Company. – History – 18th century"
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White, David L. Competition and collaboration: Parsi merchants and the English East India Company in 18th century India. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 1995.
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N, Tuck Patrick J., ed. The East India Company, 1600-1858. [London: Routledge, 1998.
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Reddy, M. Atchi. Trade and commerce of the English East India Company in India (Madras). Ambala Cantt: Associated Publishers, 2006.
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The East India Company and the natural world. Houndsmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
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Reid, Stuart. Armies of the East India Company, 1750-1850. Oxford, UK: Osprey Pub., 2009.
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Reid, Stuart. Armies of the East India Company, 1750-1850. Oxford, UK: Osprey Pub., 2009.
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Reid, Stuart. Armies of the East India Company, 1750-1850. Oxford, UK: Osprey Pub., 2009.
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Reid, Stuart. Armies of the East India Company, 1750-1850. Oxford, UK: Osprey Pub., 2009.
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Alavi, Seema. The sepoys and the Company: Tradition and transition in Northern India, 1770-1830. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1995.
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Revenue and reform: The Indian problem in British politics, 1757-1773. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "East India Company. – History – 18th century"
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Anushree, Anubha. "The East India Company and the Regulation of Corruption in Early-Nineteenth-Century India." In Palgrave Studies in Comparative Global History, 79–103. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0255-9_4.
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Jhala, Angma Dey. "‘Promiscuous’ Planting." In An Endangered History, 1–44. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199493081.003.0001.
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During the eighteenth century, the travelogue flourished as a genre and was used to describe peoples both familiar and unfamiliar to the western observer. Chapter 1 examines one such account, the 1798 travelogue of the Scottish doctor Francis Buchanan in the CHT. In his tour diary, he deployed the language of natural history to describe not only the region’s unusual soil quality, topography, and local jhum or swidden agriculture, but also the religious, cultural, and linguistic practices of the various hill tribes he encountered. In the process, he exposed the tumultuous history of this border region, which found itself at the crossroads of imperial ambition by both the East India Company and the kingdom of Burma. He is also an intriguing example of an Enlightenment era man of science and reason in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
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Blussé, Leonard. "The Dutch Seaborne Empire." In The Oxford World History of Empire, 862–83. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197532768.003.0031.
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In the course of the seventeenth century Dutch merchants created a seaborne empire that provided them with the primacy in world trade. This chapter focuses on the defining traits of the Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC, or Dutch East India Company, 1602–1799) and the West Indische Compagnie (WIC, or Dutch West India Company, 1621–1674, 1674–1791), both limited liability joint stock companies with monopoly rights on the navigation to, respectively, Asia and the American continent. Both companies were founded as “companies of the ledger and the sword” in the middle of the Dutch Eighty Years’ War (1568–1648) with the Spanish crown, and collapsed in the final years of the ancien régime. The VOC developed with leaps and bounds into an island empire in Southeast Asia that after the demise of the VOC survived into the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, first as the Netherlands East Indies and today as the Republic of Indonesia. The WIC never succeeded to wrestle itself loose from close state intervention and, facing the challenges of independent merchants, had to give up its monopolies and simply survived as an umbrella organization for the plantations in Suriname and a couple of islands in the Caribbean. Compared to their neighbors in Europe, the relatively affluent Dutch never felt a strong urge to emigrate and as a result none of their overseas possessions, with exception of the Cape Colony, developed into a settler colony.
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Jappie, Saarah. "Trade, Slavery, and Islam in the Cape Colony." In The Oxford Handbook of South African History, C26.S1—C26.N78. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190921767.013.26.
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Abstract The formal integration of the Cape of Good Hope into Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie; VOC) trading networks in the seventeenth century led to profound change at the southern tip of Africa, across all domains. This chapter explores the literature on two major developments that resulted from VOC settlement at the Cape: the practice of slavery and the arrival of Islam. Paying attention to shifts in historiographical approaches and changes in the broader sociopolitical landscape, it demonstrates how these themes, once peripheral to South African historiography, attracted increased scholarly attention from the latter half of the twentieth century. In recent decades, both Islam and slavery have gained further visibility as researchers—Africanists and scholars of other regions alike—have sought to place South Africa in connected histories and transoceanic frameworks.
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Oermann, Nils Ole, and Hans-Jürgen Wolff. "Trade wars and economic warfare in history." In Trade Wars, 35–54. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848901.003.0003.
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Abstract The chapter describes the many, mostly violent, trade wars and instances of economic warfare from around 1500 to 1956, the year of the Suez Crisis. It shows the predatory European expansion into the Americas, Asia, and Africa, and the attending introduction of mass slavery. It deals with the East India Company and its Dutch equivalent. It shows that China and Russia expanded their empires, too. It concentrates, though, on the experience and example of Great Britain, because that country proved exceptionally successful in trade and economic warfare, and formed the entire international system during the nineteenth century. It shows how geography, institutional reforms like the rule of law and reliable finance, naval mastery and the fortunes of war, progress in ideas about trade, and the industrial revolution, all helped Britain to achieve its towering position, and how in the twentieth century the United States took over most of Britain’s former role.
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Nachowitz, Todd. "Identity and Invisibility." In Indians and the Antipodes, 26–61. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199483624.003.0002.
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Shipping logs reveal that the first Indians to set foot on New Zealand soil were two young lascars from Pondicherry who arrived on a French East India Company ship in 1769—the year that James Cook first visited the country. Indian arrival in New Zealand was, therefore, contemporaneous with first European contact, a fact never before recognized in the extant literature on nation-building. Since then hundreds of Indian sepoys and lascars accompanied British East India Company ships to New Zealand, many going through Australian ports seeking work with sealing expeditions and on timber voyages. In the early nineteenth century, some of the lascars began to jump ship, marry local Maori women and settled down in New Zealand. This chapter argues that Indians in New Zealand can claim a history that goes as far back as the earliest Maori–European (Pakeha) contact.
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McInally, Tom. "Introduction." In George Strachan of the Mearns, 1–7. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474466226.003.0001.
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The introduction provides a background to the calls that have been made by scholars over the last half-century for a detailed biography of Strachan. The greatly increased interest in the history of the interaction of the West with eastern societies has caused a number of researchers to regret the lack of information on a scholar that many have come to realise was an important early contributor to European understanding of Islamic culture and eastern languages. The difficulties caused by the paucity of Strachan’s own description of his life and works are explained and the wide range of archives requiring to be consulted is covered – Papal, Carmelite, Jesuit, English East India Company records as well as accounts of other travellers in the East. Particular attention is given to Strachan’s album amicorum (book of friends) and collection of manuscripts in Arabic and Farsi