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1
Clark, Emily A. (Emily Alcorn). "American Sandwich: West Coast, East Coast, in Between." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500584/.
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The thesis begins with an introduction, followed by six short stories. The stories that follow span three or four regions of the American landscape and three or four decades of the twentieth century. What drives each story is the isolation of both narrator and main character (when these are not the same) from the world of the story. In each story, there is either a sense of wanting to belong or an urge to escape, or both. The paradox--also the writer's paradox--is that if one belongs, one has no need to escape; if one escapes, one can never belong.
2
Baines, Carey. "Tectonic modelling, East Coast Basin, New Zealand /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ASB/09asbb162.pdf.
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Thesis (B. App. Sc. (Hons.))--University of Adelaide, National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, 1998?One folded col. chart & one folded col. map in pockets complete Appendix A. Includes bibliographical references (4 leaves ).
3
Barrow, Anthony. "The North-East coast whale fishery 1750-1850." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328595.
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Namirski, Cezary. "Nuragic settlement dynamics : the east coast of Sardinia." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12757/.
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This thesis analyses the settlement dynamics of the Nuragic culture on the east coast of Sardinia during the Bronze Age and Iron Age (c. 2000-550 BC), and compares them with those in the western part of the island. The main themes examined are: the Chalcolithic to Bronze Age transition, settlement patterns, relations between settlement and ritual sites, uses of the coastline, and the implications of these for our understanding of Nuragic societies in this area. The study draws on field surveys conducted for this project in two sample areas: 1) Sarrabus (South-East Sardinia), and 2) Barisardo-Cardedu (Central-East Sardinia), and includes GIS analysis (PPA, viewsheds, least-cost path). The discussion is also placed in the wider context of prehistoric settlement in the Mediterranean. New insights on the Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age transition in Sardinia are presented. In sample area 1, a clear relationship between pre-Nuragic and Nuragic sites is recorded, suggesting that the transition was characterized by a significant degree of continuity, rather than the collapse of Chalcolithic settlement observed in western Sardinia. This indicates a need to see this transition not as a unified process, but rather as regionally diverse one. Furthermore, in sample area 1 there is a low degree of settlement nucleation, while in sample area 2 this phenomenon is much more significant. Several scenarios are proposed to explain this, and it is argued that in some areas of the east coast the degree of societal complexity was more significant than in other areas. Conclusions are also drawn regarding the relationships between settlement and ritual sites, which turn out to be varied with no single dominant pattern. This indicates a plurality of ritual practices, and potentially different roles for individual megalithic tombs. The lack of sanctuaries in sample area 1 and their presence in sample area 2 is taken as indication of different degrees of social complexity.
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Gamoyo, Majambo Jarumani. "Rainfall variability characteristics over the East African coast." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10571.
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Includes bibliographical references.This study explores inter-annual rainfall variability over the East African coast region (Kenya and Tanzania) for the period 1980-2010 and focuses on dry and wet spell characteristics during the two rainy seasons. The atmospheric and ocean conditions associated with the rainfall variability are also considered. Extreme occurrences of rainfall variable can result in droughts and floods which in turn may lead to socioeconomic disruptions. East Africa is highly dependent and vulnerable to the amounts and timing of rainfall.
6
Schmeiser, Gregory J. "Investigation of the 25 January 2000 East Coast cyclogenesis." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA390808.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2001.Thesis advisor, Carlyle H. Wash. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-108). Also available online.
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Sellers, Charles L. "Cost analysis of inter-depot transportation options for U.S. Navy east coast air-launched missiles." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8158.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedSince the disintegration of the Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union, the Department of the Navy has had to learn how to meet its commitments with an ever-decreasing budget. One Navy community addressing this downsizing is the east coast ordnance community. Because of restructuring and the closure of weapon station Charleston, South Carolina, the remaining east coast weapons stations are handling the same amount of ordnance with fewer personnel. As a result of the restructuring, the aircraft carriers, ordnance ships, and large deck amphibious ships conduct ordnance transfers at Naval Weapon Station (NWS) Earle, New Jersey. These ships all carry air-launched missiles that have to be maintained and Naval Weapons Station Yorktown. This thesis develops cost equations associated with several different methods of transportation (commercial and Department of Defense). These equations are used to generate costs curves for each of four types of missiles being transported between NWS Earle and NWS Yorktown. The curves are analyzed and decision policies are determined which ensure the most cost-effective method of transportation is being used to transport the missiles.
8
Burns, Michael Edmund Reid. "A synecological study of the East London coast dune forests." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006134.
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Quantitative community descriptions, based on point quarter sample data, are made for a number of dune forest units along the East London coast. These are supported by multivariate classifications and ordinations which illustrate the inter community variation between the sampled seaward, landward and dune valley sites. Climax valley forest is floristically most characteristic and can be clearly distinguished from the seaward and landward thicket communities which tend to show a degree of similarity. Within-forest community differences are shown to be more significant than variation along the coast. This appears to indicate that climoedaphic gradients established laterally to the coast induce a greater floristic response than the rainfall gradient within the study area. The state of developnent within the dune soil profile and the rate and effect of salt spray deposition are considered to be important factors influencing dune forest succession and are discussed in some detail. An overview of certain other climatic variables as well as the geological features within the study area is also given. A phenology study of the dune forest, scrub-thicket and strand plant cornnunities shows some general patterns of flowering and fruiting phenorhythms. Although much variation was observed, there appears to be a bimodal hyperactive phenophase response which is thought to be related to rainfall or periods of favourable soil moisture conditions. A brief discussion of some of the positive and negative human influences on the coastline is given. This includes a description of the management activities carried out in the area as well as the demands placed on ·the coastal resource.
9
Nazarenko, Dennis Matthew. "Synoptic scale ice-atmosphere interaction off the east coast of Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59425.
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Seasonal ice cover off Canada's east coast was examined in relation to synoptic scale atmospheric events. Ice concentration information derived from Nimbus-7 scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) measurements of surface brightness temperatures, supplemented by AES composite ice charts, provided timely coverage of the study area during the 1971/72, 1980/81 and 1984/85 ice seasons, 1971/72 and 1984/85 seasons with high ice concentrations and 1980/81 a season with low concentrations.Atmospheric variability was monitored using the 850 hPa height at three upper air stations along the western edge of the study region. Additional information was drawn from storm track records, providing an indication of surface variability. Properties of specific storm events were obtained from the storm track data, permitting evaluation of the ice response to passing synoptic disturbances.
Results of this investigation indicate that, (1) passive microwave-derived ice information can be used to monitor high frequency variability in the marginal ice, (2) despite short time series, spectral relationships between ice concentration variability and 850 hPa pressure height indicate a strong association between the two at synoptic frequencies zone, and (3) variability in ice cover extent and concentration can be related to the passage of individual synoptic events.
10
Bottom, Simon Douglas. "The breaks : intertextuality and East Coast U.S. hip hop 1979-1991." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416107.
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Byrom, W. "Simulation models for investigating East Coast fever and other parasitic diseases." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1990. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21231.
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Parasitic diseases of animals place a large constraint on livestock production worldwide. The parasite Theileria parva, and the disease East Coast fever it produces, are responsible for the deaths of thousands of cattle each year in central and eastern Africa. Disease control is one way in which agricultural production can be improved, and is a matter of fundamental importance to developing countries where levels of nutrient intake are dangerously low over the majority of the population. This thesis presents computer simulation models to study East Coast fever and its control. Models are constructed based on expert rules extracted from over 80 years of scientific literature concerning the disease. Rules are translated into programming code, and their outcome investigated by computer experimentation. The models are climate driven, and one chapter of this thesis concerns the development of a model to generate sequences of daily weather data from minimal datasets. This thesis also contains deterministic models studying the dynamics of other, more general, parasitic diseases, and also the competition between similar species of parasite. These models are constructed using difference equations and analysed analytically and by simulation. This approach is adopted further to specifically consider the behaviour of the level of Theileria parva infection amongst vector and host populations.
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Canning, Sarah Jane. "Cetacean distribution and habitat use along the East coast of Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445139.
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The main aim of this project, co-ordinated by the University of Aberdeen and The Sea Watch Foundation, was to describe spatial and temporal trends in cetacean occurrence along the south Aberdeenshire coastline and to identify any environmental factors that may be influencing distribution. The most frequently sighted cetacean was the bottlenose dolphin and previous work confirmed that these animals are part of the population known to reside in the Moray Firth. The entrance to the River Dee (Aberdeen) is highlighted as an important feeding area for these dolphins. Bottlenose dolphins were frequently sighted in the coastal waters south of Aberdeen and these groups tended to be larger and of animals that were primarily travelling, as opposed to the foraging groups observed at Aberdeen. The harbour porpoise was the second most frequently cetacean during this study. They were sighted all along the coast in all months of the year, although notably, they were not recorded during the land-surveys at Aberdeen during the winter. Tidal height and sea depth appears to have a strong influence on where and when porpoises were sighted and it is thought this is a reflection of prey behaviour. The third species examined was the white-beaked dolphin. This is a seasonal visitor to the coastal waters around Aberdeen with all sightings occurring during the summer. Seabed depth and slope influence the distribution of this species within the study area and again, this was thought to related to prey distribution. Stomach content analysis highlighted haddock and whiting as being important in the diet of this species in Scottish water. Sea temperature was highlighted as influencing white-beaked dolphin group size, with smaller groups being recorded at higher temperatures. Analysis of the stranding database also suggested that higher sea temperature restricts the distribution of this species around the UK.
13
Kinloch, Janet. "Scottish east coast trade with particular reference to Leith, 1685-1770." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263088.
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Love, Ryan. "Projections of Sea Level Along the East Coast of North America." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31614.
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Projections of sea level rise for the east coast of North America at 2100CE were generated considering contributions from: ocean warming, land ice melting and isostatic land motion. The primary contribution of this study is the development of an improved Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) model that includes an assessment of model uncertainty using 36 ice loading histories, 363 Earth models and a new sea level proxy database comprising over 500 sea level index points. We find that, while there are differences between our projections and the Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) projections from the recent International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report, the two sets of results agree to within uncertainty largely because some of the regional processes cancel. Our results indicate that the isostatic signal is large, contributing up to 1/4 of sea level change at 2100CE, and so must be included to generate accurate projections for this region.
15
Bin, Ariffin Effi Helmy. "Effect of Monsoons on Beach Morphodynamics in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia : examples from Kuala Terengganu coast." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS457/document.
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En Asie du Sud-Est, la dynamique côtière est régie par un équilibre spécial entre les moussons du nord-est et sud-ouest. Dans un contexte de l'élévation du niveau de la mer et d’un changement climatique avéré, les régimes de la mousson ont commencé à évoluer et à modifier les équilibres hydro-morpho-sédimentaires sensibles au niveau des espaces littoraux. Cette situation engendre des phénomènes d'érosion le long du littoral, notamment le littoral NE de la Malaisie. Cependant, les autorités publiques ont tenté d'atténuer les problèmes d'érosion par la construction d’ouvrages de défense côtière. Ces derniers peuvent affecter le régime des houles, la circulation hydrodynamique et le transport des sédiments, réduisant ainsi la capacité du rivage à répondre aux facteurs du forçage naturels (régime de la double saison de mousson) et à fragmenter l'espace côtier. La présente thèse explore les problèmes des phénomènes d'érosion, l'évolution du littoral et la morphodynamique des plages le long du rivage de Kuala Terengganu sur la côte Est de la Malaisie péninsulaire par rapport aux facteurs naturels et anthropiques. Cette étude a été menée en trois phases pour aborder les sujets suivants: i) évolution long terme du trait de côte du littoral NE de la Malaisie de 2006 à 2014; ii) évolution moyen terme du littoral (suivi mensuel) de juillet 2013 à juin 2015 et; iii) suivi court terme à travers des campagnes de mesures hautes fréquences (mesures topographiques, hydrodynamiques et de transport des sédiments) sur quelques sites du littoral NE de la Malaisie pendant les moussons nord-est et sud-ouest. Sur la base d'un modèle morphodynamique pour simuler les processus saisonniers, il est apparu que l'érosion domine la plupart des stations suivies sur le littoral pendant la période de la mousson du nord-est, tandis que l'accrétion ou la recouvrement sédimentaire des plages sont observés pendant les moussons du sud-ouestIn Southeast Asia, coastal dynamics are governed by a special equilibrium between northeast an southwest monsoons. In the context of sea-level rise and climate change, the monsoon regimes create an adaptation of the coastal dynamics. This situation gives rise to erosion phenomena along the coastline. However, public authorities have attempted to mitigate the problems of erosion by the construction of coastal defence structures. However, artificial structures can affect the wave regime, hydrodynamic circulation and sediment transport, thus reducing the ability of the shoreline to respond to natural forcing factors (such as with double monsoon season regimes) and also fragmenting the coastal space. The present thesis explores the problems of erosional phenomena, shoreline evolution and beach morphodynamics along the Kuala Terengganu shoreline on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, with the aim of understanding the natural versus anthropogenic factors. This study was conducted in three phases to address the following topics: i) shoreline evolution from 2006 to 2014; ii) mid-term surveys (bi-monthly) involving data collection from July 2013 until June 2015 and; iii) short-term surveys (twice daily) with data collection (Topographic, hydrodyanamic and sediment transport measurments) during northeast and southwest monsoons. Based on a morphodynamic model for simulating seasonal processes, erosion is found to dominate most of the stations during northeast monsoons, while accretion or beach recovery is observed during southwest monsoons
16
Lehman, Jessica. "Expecting the sea : displacement and the environment on Sri Lanka's east coast." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28017.
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In this thesis, I explore the relationship between displacement and the environment on Sri Lanka’s East coast. In particular, I analyze the intersections between armed conflict, the 2004 tsunami, and climate change, and the ways they are enlisted to pose threats to impoverished people living on the coast. My tactic is following the ocean as an actor, employing a relational ontology. I bring posthumanist literature into conversation with social theory of the sea, as well as current literature on the scientific and social impacts of climate change. I also work with an understanding of uncertainty, partiality, and ethical complications at the foreground of my analysis. The empirics for my study are based on six weeks fieldwork in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. In the first chapter, I provide background on Sri Lanka’s unique situation, introduce the concept of “framing” with regards to environment and displacement debates as well as conflict, disaster, and climate change, and explain my theoretical inspirations. In the second chapter, I set the conditions for closely following the ocean, exploring the cultural and biological role of the sea and its specific meanings in Sri Lanka and during my research. The third chapter explores the implications of centering the ocean in a relational approach on Sri Lanka’s coast. I argue that the co-constitution of climate change and the 2004 tsunami becomes apparent when taking a relational perspective. Finally, I conclude my analysis in the fourth chapter, by revisiting concepts of vulnerability that I discussed in the first chapter with an approach that centers and values relationships between humans and nonhuman others. In this way, I posit an alternative framing that considers factors deemed ‘the environment’ as active participants in performances of displacement and resistance.
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Mitchell, Ken Donald. "Deep lime stabilisation applications for roading, East Coast, North Island, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geological Sciences, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2178.
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Ishak, Sallehuddin. "The development of Malaysian petrochemical complexes of the East-Coast industrial corridor." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/337/.
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Petrochemical industrial (PTCI) sites may be considered a niche in the property market. Mainstream economics, industrial development and real estate studies related literatures treat it as the same as others. By prescribing the New Institutional Economics (NIE) approach, this research seeks to find a definitive line to divide between this sub-sector with other industrial activities. In particular, from the real estate perspective. The key research question is on the effect of formal institutions on industrial land supply. The empirical research was carried out in Kerteh and Gebeng in the Malaysian East Coast region. Despite being isolated from nation’s mainstream economic activities as well as politically distinctive, the tiny townships managed to be host to global petroleum, gas and chemical giants, believed to have received the highest concentration of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Malaysia. Data were gathered on the physical development on the industrial sites, through official records investigation at the government offices as well as interviews with key figures both in the government and firms. Qualitative and descriptive quantitative data analyses were applied. Within the studied area, it was found that the two State Governments, Terengganu and Pahang are the only land suppliers for PTCI use. Results from the analyses indicate that formal institutions have a substantial influence on supply-side behavior. The key findings suggest that due to the complexity of the government decision making process, government supply of industrial sites for PTCI use is timely, uncertain, and not flexible according to demand. To arrive at a decision, on land in particular, the authorities have to consult a massive set of information, dozens of public offices, hundreds of standards and a wide range of expertises. In addition, a structured decision making process is strictly observed. The findings indicate that in the PTCI sector, where the investment is vulnerable to various forms of risks, the property transaction mode is slightly distinctive. The deadliest threat is unexpected changes in prices and supply of the chemical feedstock. As natural gas derivatives, especially butane, ethane and propane, the supply is dictated by the global market. Anticipating a threat, new sites must be sought. The authority’s inability to respond to the immediate firms’ needs invites additional risks. In addition, where the risk is very high, land prices are not imperative in industrial locating. The findings also signify that the government decision making process which is framed out by the social institutions which has been inherited since generations has hardly changed. The firms however, without touching the institutional arrangements, through a unique clustering process find ways on how to beat the red tape to secure a site together with the chemical feedstock.
19
Minjauw, Bruno. "Epidemiology and control of East Coast fever in traditionally managed Sanga cattle." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336669.
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Taylor, John Wesley. "Hillbillies and sharecroppers : an introduction to East coast and Mississippi blues styles /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2002. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=99.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 23 p. Includes a live performance (duration 1.01.03). Includes bibliographical references (p. 21-23).
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Rowan, Christopher James. "Neogene paleomagnetism and geodynamics of the Hikurangi margin, East Coast, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/41330/.
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Vertical-axis rotations are an important component of Neogene deformation in the New Zealand plate boundary region, and potentially offer fundamental insights into the rheology of continental crust. Extensive paleomagnetic sampling along the Hikurangi margin, on the East Coast of the North Island, has provided new insights into the patterns, rates and timings of tectonic rotation, and also an improved understanding of the magnetic signature of New Zealand Cenozoic mudstones. Rigorous field tests reveal numerous late remagnetizations, which haveoften formed several million years after deposition and can be irregularly distributed within an outcrop. Scanning electron microscopy and rock magnetic analyses indicate that the remanence carrier is predominantly the ferrimagnetic iron sulphide, greigite, which is present as a mixed population of single domain and superparamagnetic grains that are characteristic of arrested authigenic growth. Strong viscous overprints are the result of later, usually recent, oxidation of these sulphides. The recognition of late-forming magnetizations leads to a completely new view of the Neogene tectonic evolution of the Hikurangi margin, with no tectonic rotations being evident prior to 8–10 Ma; coherent rotation of most of the Hikurangi margin since that time refutes the existence of the independently rotating ‘domains’ that were inferred from earlier paleomagnetic data. This pattern is more consistent with the short-term velocity field, and allows all Neogene rotation to be more simply explained as a large-scale response to realignment of the subducting Pacific plate. Tectonic rotations have been accommodated by a variety of structures since 10 Ma; in the Late Miocene and Pliocene, rates of tectonic rotation were 3–4 times faster than presently observed and possibly involved a much larger region, before initiation of the North Island Dextral Fault Belt and the Taupo Volcanic Zone at 1-2 Ma instigated the current tectonic regime. Collision of the Hikurangi Plateau in the Late Miocene is interpreted to have caused both the initiation of tectonic rotation, and the widespread remagnetization of sediments, making it a key event in the Neogene evolution of the plate boundary region.
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Bain, Joseph Colin. "Employment of the steamship in the Scottish east coast trades to 1850." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6418.
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The importance of the east of Scotland in the early use and development of the steamship appears to have been undervalued by most writers. A general description of the development of steam navigation before about 1850 is given in order to set the scene for the specific study of Scotland's east coast. This is followed by a brief account of the state of transport in that area before the invention of the steamship. A narrative is given of the introduction of steamers there, at first in the sheltered estuaries, but gradually out into the very exposed North Sea and waters surrounding the northern isles. This is followed by analysis of the patterns of building and ownership of the vessels engaged in that trade. That part of the work relies heavily on contemporary Parliamentary papers. The influence of the early railways, as both competitors and customers is examined. The effect of legislation, and other action by government, is considered. The fate of wrecked ships, and the potential for the assistance of underwater archaeologists in assisting the historian to understand the early steamship is assessed. This includes specific recommendations for possible future archaeological research. It is concluded that the east of Scotland did have an important role in the world of the early steamship. Many of the largest steam ships in the world, for their time, served these routes. A number of important technical developments were tried out in the area. East of Scotland shipbuilders had a more prominent role in constructing early steamships than has been suggested elsewhere. Topological maps of steamship routes for three selected years are included in the text. Appendices give an outline chronology and a list of steam related publications by the candidate. The final appendix gives details of the 201 steamships identified as having traded on the east of Scotland during the period. Seventeen other ships, built in the area, but used elsewhere are listed in a supplement at the end of that appendix.
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Thomson, Danielle, and n/a. "Arsenic and Selected Elements in Marine Photosynthetic Organisms,South-East Coast, NSW, Australia." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental and Heritage Sciences, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070521.120826.
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The cycling of arsenic in the marine photosynthetic plants and algae was examined by
analysing total arsenic concentrations and arsenic species in selected marine photosynthetic
organisms from the south-east coast, NSW, Australia. A range of elements required for
metabolism in photosynthetic organisms were also analysed to determine if any relationship
between these elements and arsenic concentrations occurred. Organisms were selected from salt marsh and mangrove ecosystems, marine inter-tidal and estuarine environments, and two
species of marine phytoplankton cultured, to represent the different marine environments that
primary producers inhabit. Organisms selected were compared to species within their own
environment and then a comparison made between the varying ecosystems.
In the salt marsh and mangrove ecosystems, the leaves of four species, the mangrove
Avicennia marina, the samphire Sarcocornia quinqueflora, the seablight Suaeda australis,
and the seagrass Posidonia australis were sampled from three locations from the south-east
coast of NSW using nested sampling. Mean total arsenic concentrations (mean � sd) dry mass
for all locations were A. marina (0.38 � 0.18 �g g-1 to 1.2 � 0.7 �g g-1), S. quinqueflora
(0.13 � 0.06 �g g-1 to 0.46 � 0.22 �g g-1), S. australis (0.03 � 0.06 �g g-1 to 0.05 � 0.03 �g g-1)and P. australis (0.34 � 0.10 �g g-1 to 0.65 � 0.26 �g g-1). Arsenic concentrations were
significantly different between species and locations but were consistently low compared to
marine macroalgae species. Significant relationships between As and Fe concentrations for A. marina, S. quinqueflora and P. australis and negative relationship between As and Zn
concentrations for S. quinqueflora could partially explain arsenic concentrations in these
species. No relationship between As and P concentrations were found in this study. All
terrestrial species contained predominantly inorganic arsenic in the water extractable and
residue fractions with minor concentrations of DMA in the water-soluble fraction. P. australis
also contained dimethylated glycerol and phosphate arsenoriboses. The presence of
arsenobetaine, arsenocholine and trimethylated glycerol arsonioribose is most likely due to
the presence of epiphytes on fronds on P. australis.
In contrast, macroalgae contained higher total arsenic concentrations compared to marine
terrestrial angiosperms. Total arsenic concentrations also varied between classes of algae: red macroalgae 4.3 �g g-1 to 24.7 �g g-1, green macroalgae 8.0 �g g-1 to 11.0 �g g-1 and blue green algae 10.4 �g g-1 and 18.4 �g g-1. No significant relations were found between As
concentrations and concentrations of Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Mg, P and Zn concentrations,
elements that are required by macroalgae for photosynthesis and growth. Distinct differences
between algal classes were found for the proportion of arsenic species present in the lipid and water-soluble fractions, with green algae having a higher proportion of As in lipids than red or estuarine algae. Acid hydrolysis of the lipid extract revealed DMA, glycerol arsenoribose and TMA based arsenolipids. Within water-soluble extracts, red and blue-green algae contained a greater proportion of arsenic as inorganic and simple methylated arsenic species compared to green algae, which contained predominantly glycerol arsenoribose. Arsenobetaine, arsenocholine and tetramethylarsonium was also present in water-soluble extracts but is not normally identified with macroalgae and is again likely due to the presence of attached epiphytes. Residue extracts contained predominantly inorganic arsenic, most likely associated with insoluble constituents of the cell.
Mean arsenic concentrations in the green microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta were 13.3 �g g-1 to 14.5 �g g-1, which is similar to arsenic concentrations found in green macroalgae in this
study. Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum arsenic concentrations were 1.62 �g g-1 to
2.08 �g g-1. Varying the orthophosphate concentrations had little effect on arsenic uptake of microalgae. D. tertiolecta and P. tricornutum metabolised arsenic, forming simple methylated arsenic species and arsenic riboses. The ratio of phosphate to glycerol arsenoriboses was higher than that normally found in green macroalgae. The hydrolysed lipid fraction contained DMA arsenolipid (16-96%) with minor proportions of phosphate arsenoribose (4-23%).
D. tertiolecta at f/10 phosphate concentration, however, contained glycerol arsenoribose and
another arsenic lipid with similar retention as TMAO as well as DMA. The similarities
between arsenic species in the water-soluble hydrolysed lipids and water-soluble extracts,
especially for P. tricornutum, suggests that cells readily bind arsenic within lipids, either for membrane structure or storage, releasing arsenic species into the cytosol as degradation of lipids occurs. Inorganic arsenic was sequestered into insoluble components of the cell.
Arsenic species present in D. tertiolecta at lower phosphate concentrations (f/10) were
different to other phosphate concentrations (f/2, f/5), and require further investigation to
determine whether this is a species-specific response as a result of phosphate deficiency.
Although there are similarities in arsenic concentrations and arsenic species in marine
photosynthetic organisms, it is evident that response to environmental concentrations of
arsenic in uncontaminated environments is dependent on the mode of transfer from the
environment, the influence of other elements in arsenic uptake and the ability of the organism
to metabolise and sequester inorganic arsenic within the cell. It is not scientifically sound to generalise on arsenic metabolism in �marine plants� when species and the ecosystem in which
they exist may influence the transformation of arsenic in higher marine organisms.
There is no evidence to suggest that angiosperms produce AB as arsenic is mostly present as
inorganic As, with little or no arsenic present in the lipids. However, marine macro- and
microalgae both contain lipids with arsenic moieties that may be precursors for AB
transformation. Specifically, the presence of TMA and dimethylated arsenoribose based
arsenolipids both can transform to AB via intermediates previously identified in marine
organisms. Further identification and characterization of As containing lipids is required.
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Lee, Laura Maleda. "Population Dynamics of Atlantic Croaker Occurring Along the U.S. East Coast, 1981 ? 2002." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11302005-134457/.
Full textAbstract:
Atlantic croaker are one of the most plentiful inshore, demersal fishes from the Chesapeake Bay to Florida. A coastwide assessment of the stock based on landings, fishery-dependent and fishery-independent length data, and survey abundance information was performed using the stock synthesis model. Landings have generally increased since the 1950s, with most of the catch occurring in North Carolina and Virginia. Major commercial gears are gill net, trawl, haul seine, and pound net. The recreational fishery has become increasingly important over time. Indices of relative abundance generated from fishery-independent surveys show that year-class strength has varied considerably among years. Patterns for year-class strength were consistent within each state, and fairly consistent among states. There is evidence for a potential rebuilding of the stock from both the observed data and model predictions. Coastwide length samples from the recreational fisheries and length samples from NC commercial fisheries demonstrated an increase in the maximum length in recent years. Observed and predicted mean lengths for the gill net, trawl, and recreational fisheries also suggest an increase in the proportion of older and larger fish in recent years. Observed trends in relative abundance and model predictions of recruitment reflect the presence of several recent strong year classes. The model results suggest that the population is highly recruitment-driven and that recruitment is variable. This dynamic is likely reflected in the harvest as variability in catch, which has shown fluctuations for at least the past 50 years. Estimates of fishing mortality have been high, particularly during the late 1980s when abundance was estimated to be low. Evaluation of the uncertainty in model estimates demonstrated that the model was fairly insensitive to changes in source data, but did appear sensitive to changes regarding assumptions about M and assumptions about the error associated with survey abundance indices. The yield-per-recruit analysis results suggested that a significant gain in yield would result if age-at-entry was delayed, which, in turn, would allow for relatively higher Fs. Comparison of age-0 abundance indices between Virginia and North Carolina revealed similar patterns in annual recruitment. Age-0 abundance indices also exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation for both states. In general, sampling stations in close proximity tended to have more similar observations of age-0 abundance. Positive spatial autocorrelation typically occurred at distances less than 30-km, while negative spatial autocorrelation was more often detected at distances of 40-km or greater. Accounting for spatial patterns in recruitment indices should result in a better measure of recruitment for use in future stock assessments.
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Dolphin, Craig Heath. "Larval characteristics of some fishes from the East Coast of Southern New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8518.
Full textAbstract:
The status of early life history descriptions for teleost fishes in New Zealand is low in comparison to other areas around the world. New Zealand itself is well-positioned to increase the number of teleost species that are known as larvae with species from subtropical, temperate, and sub-Antarctic waters being found within New Zealand's Excusive Economic Zone. Areas that have a high diversity of species are likely to be where different water currents converge.
Work on larval fishes in New Zealand has been predominantly focussed in northern New Zealand; an area of convergence between subtropical water and warm-temperate water. Relatively less work has been done in central and southern New Zealand. In particular, very little work has been done in the subtropical convergence zone on the east coast of the South Island.
Forty three species of larval fishes collected from Kaikoura are identified, described, and illustrated. Seventeen species (Stokellia anisodon, Diaphus sp., Pseudophycis bacchus, Echiodon pegasus, Paratrachichthys trailli, Leptonotus elevatus, Helicolenus barathri, Scorpaena papillosus, Congiopodus coriaceus, Lepidoperca sp A., Taumakoides rua, Mendosoma lineatum, Grahamina capito, Grahamina signata, Gobiopsis atrata, Seriolella caerulea, and Colistium guntheri) are previously undescribed as larvae, pre-juveniles or pelagic juveniles. Existing descriptive accounts for 14 other species are extended. Available information for each species is synthesised and referenced from both published and unpublished sources.
The status of early life history descriptions for New Zealand teleosts is discussed in relation to other geographical regions of the world. The need for plankton tows down to depths of several hundred meters, and also for intensive aquacultural facilities for rearing larvae from eggs, may mean that the availability of research vessels and aquaculture facilities may limit the extent to which larval fishes are known in New Zealand.
26
Kimera, Sharadhuli I. "Methods for the design and evaluation of East Coast fever (ECF) control strategies." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242338.
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Mills, Simon Richard Stead. "The ritual music of South Korea's east coast shamans : inheritance, training and performance." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406536.
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Higman, Wendy Ann. "The distribution and toxicity of Alexandrium of the north east coast of Britain." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339249.
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Arso, Civil Mònica. "Population ecology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) off the east coast of Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6543.
Full textAbstract:
The population of bottlenose dolphins off the east coast of Scotland has been studied since the late 1980s, initially focused on the inner Moray Firth, where a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) was designated under the EU Habitats Directive. The population has since expanded its distributional range and currently ranges from the Moray Firth to the Firth of Forth. The main aims of this thesis were: (1) to estimate population parameters for this population using a 25 year individual recognition dataset, and (2) to increase knowledge of the distribution and abundance of dolphins in areas outside the SAC, especially to investigate areas of high use in St Andrews Bay. Apparent survival rate for adults and sub–adult dolphins was estimated at 0.946 (SE=0.005) accounting for temporary emigration caused by the population's range expansion. Sex-specific survival was estimated for males (0.951, SE=0.013) and females (0.956, SE=0.011) using multistate models to minimize bias caused by individuals of unknown sex. Using a newly developed approach, fecundity rate was estimated at 0.222 (95% CI=0.218-0.253) from an expected mean inter-birth interval of 4.49 yrs (95% CI=3.94-4.93). Total population size was estimated as ~200 individuals, after accounting for temporary emigration and for heterogeneity in capture probabilities. In St Andrews Bay, an area used regularly in summer by approximately half the estimated population, habitat use modelling identified the entrance to the Firth of Tay and waters around Montrose as high use areas for dolphins, whose presence was influenced by tidal current speed and direction. The results suggest that the conservation and management plan for this small and isolated population of bottlenose dolphins should be reviewed to adapt it to current knowledge, especially regarding the uncertainty around the potential impacts of offshore renewable energy developments off the east coast of Scotland.
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Shukla, Girish C. "Role of the 7.1 kb extrachromosomal genetic element of Theileria parava in parasite biology." Thesis, Brunel University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337464.
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Kleiner, Kevin James. "A satellite derived map of ecological systems in the East Gulf Coast plain, USA." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Theses/KLEINER_KEVIN_36.pdf.
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Awang, Siti Nor. "Kinship and modernisation : an analysis of a Cham community of East Coast Peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, University of Hull, 2010. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5781.
Full textAbstract:
This study addresses the issue of the nature of contemporary kinship relationships among the Cham Muslim community of migrants from Cambodia, now settled in Malaysia. The study was conducted in 2006 in Pulau Keladi Village, a Cham settlement on the East Coast of peninsula Malaysia, and employed an ethnographic research approach combining traditional participant observation with simple survey techniques. The study is primarily concerned with how modernization has affected kinship relations among the Cham. Modernization is used here to designate the processes of involvement in the commercial relations of a market-based society. In the case of the Cham, the transition to such relations was intertwined with the process of movement from their country of origin, i.e. Cambodia, to another country. With the process of movement and resettlement, this community confronted real challenges and had to develop new ways of life in a new milieu. From traditional forms of farming and fishing, which had been their main sources of economic support in Cambodia, these people utilized a similar physical environment to develop commercially-oriented economic activities in their new settlement. The degree of cooperation in the village helps producers to produce and market larger quantities than if everyone operated as an isolated unit. The spirit of mutual help which pervades this community, and which is interrelated with kinship, is an important aspect of this study. Through the way in which they responded to their new milieu and the cultural challenges which it provided, the Cham managed to re-establish strong kinship networks and to assemble a large group of kin in a single place. Through examining the kinship structure and ideology of the Cham, their marriage patterns, relations between parents, adult children and adult siblings, the role of kinship in life course transitions and ceremonies, the utilisation of kinship in economic activities and the interplay of migration, ethnic identity and kinship, the study identifies the significance of kinship to Cham social organisation and explores the elements of continuity and change. Over the last three decades, these people have undergone significant transformation due to the modernization process and resettlement. The data of this study suggests that changes have taken place in some aspects of their lives. However, compared to western communities, the resilience of kinship ties is clearly transparent. While there are more elements of freedom for the younger generation in many areas of life, they still accept considerable guidance from older family members, and the range of kin who are recognised and who meet regularly to celebrate family events, the preference for working with kin, the patterns of financial and emotional assistance, the relatively high levels of arranged marriages and of cousin marriage, the exceptionally low rates of divorce and remarriage, and the close relations between parents and adult children and between adult siblings, all illustrate the importance that the Cham attach to the bonds of kinship and their efforts to protect kinship from the eroding influence of modernisation. Finally, the study suggests that important contributing factors to the continuing strength of kinship are the historical and contemporary efforts of a minority group to maintain their identity, persecution under the Khmer Rouge and the subsequent migration and resettlement, which have all both accentuated the importance of kinship as protection and resource, and deepened the attachment of the Chain to a collective identity - now in the form of Orang Kemboja - which kinship plays an important role in maintaining.
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Lizarralde, Daniel 1963. "Crustal structure of rifted and convergent margins : the U.S. east coast and Aleutian margins." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54428.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-77).
by Daniel Lizarralde.
Ph.D.
34
Blamey, Ross. "Numerical simulation of a mesoscale convective system over the east coast of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6463.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-200).Weather stations across the northern KwaZulu-Natal coastline recorded over 100 mm of rainfall over the 11112 February 2005, with Cape St. Lucia and Richards Bay measuring 111 mm and 96.8 mm, respectively. This heavy rainfall was associated with a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that initiated through small convective storms beginning early in the afternoon on 11 February 2005 and eventually decayed in the early morning hours on the 12th. The high-lying topography of the eastern escarpment and high diurnal surface heating possibly provided the trigger for the event. It was also identified that a combination of synoptic features in and around South Africa contributed to the evolution of the system. This particular MCS is investigated with a non-hydrostatic numerical model (MM5) to help determine which processes were important in its initiation and development, as well as what factors contributed to the associated heavy rainfall. The model is also used to conduct sensitivity tests to determine the role that local features, such as the regional topography and sea surface temperature, played in the evolution of the system. Through the various MM5 simulations, it was evident that the eastern escarpment played a key role in triggering the convective event, while it also had an influence on the low level winds that advected moisture into the region. A sea surface temperature sensitivity simulation highlighted the important role that the Agulhas Current plays in supplying moisture to fuel extreme precipitation events in South Africa. The significance of resolving large-scale features in the mid-latitudes in numerical simulations of weather events in South Africa was identified when excluding these features from the simulation. Through these simulations it was identified that the development of the MCS and the heavy nocturnal precipitation was due to a combination of the continuous moisture supply into the region, a conditionally unstable atmosphere, and uplift due to low level convergence and the local topography.
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Kaminsky, Alexander. "Social capital and fisheries co-management in South Africa: the East Coast Rock Lobster Fishery in Tshani Mankozi, Wild Coast, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003110.
Full textAbstract:
It is evident that natural fish stocks are in rapid decline and that millions of people around the world rely on these resources for food and for securing a livelihood. This has brought many social scientists, biologists and fisheries experts to acknowledge that communities need to take more control in managing their natural resources. The paradigm shift in fisheries management from a top-down resource orientated control to a participatory people-centred control is now being advocated in many maritime nations in facilitating community-based natural resource management. At the heart of these projects is the establishment of institutions and social networks that allow for clear communication and information sharing, based on scientific data and traditional knowledge which ultimately allow empowered communities to collectively manage their resources in partnership with government, market actors and many other stakeholders. Central to the problem is the issue of access rights. In many situations where co-management of natural resources through community-government partnerships is advocated, the failure of coastal states to provide adequate legislature and regulatory frameworks has jeopardised such projects. A second issue is the failure of many states to provide adequate investments in social and human capital which will enable communities to become the primary stakeholder in the co-management of their natural resources. Whilst investments like capacity building, education, skills training and development, communications and institution building can initially require high financial investments, the regulatory costs for monitoring, controlling and surveying fish stocks along the coastline will go down as communities take ownership of their resources under sustainable awareness. The main unit of investment therefore is social capital which allows for the increase in trust, cooperativeness, assertiveness, collective action and general capabilities of natural resource governance. High levels of social capital require good social relations and interactions which ultimately create a social network of fishers, community members and leaders, government officials, market players, researchers and various other stakeholders. Co-management thus has an inherent network structure made up of social relations on a horizontal scale amongst community members as well as on a vertical scale with government and fisheries authorities. These bonding relations between people and the bridging relations with institutions provide the social capital currency that allows for a successful co-management solution to community-based natural resource governance. The South African coastline is home to thousands of people who harvest the marine resources for food security and securing a basic income. Fishing is a major cultural and historical component of the livelihoods of many people along the coastline, particularly along the Wild Coast of South Africa located on its South-eastern shoreline. Due to the geopolitical nature of South Africa’s apartheid past many people were located in former tribal lands called Bantustans. The Transkei, one of the biggest homelands, is home to some of South Africa’s poorest people, many of whom rely on the marine resources. By 1998 the government sought to acknowledge the previously unrecognised subsistence sector that lived along the South African coastline with the promulgation of the Marine Living Resources Act. The act sought to legalise access rights for fishers and provide opportunities for the development of commercial fisheries. The act and many subsequent policies largely called for co-management as a solution to the management of the subsistence sector. This thesis largely explains the administrative and legislative difficulties in transporting the participatory components of co-management to the ground level. As such co-management has largely remained in rhetoric whilst the government provides a contradictory policy regarding the management of subsistence and small-scale fishers. This thesis attempts to provide qualitative ethnographic research of the East Coast Rock Lobster fishery located in a small fishing village in the Transkei. The fishery falls somewhere on the spectrum between the small-scale and subsistence sector as there are a basket of high and low value resources being harvested. It will be argued that in order to economically and socially develop the fishery the social capital and social networks of the community and various stakeholders needs to be analysed in order to effectively create a co-management network that can create a successful collective management of natural resources thereby sustaining these communities in the future.
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Foxwell-Norton, Kerrie-Ann, and na. "Communicating the Australian Coast: Communities, Cultures and Coastcare." Griffith University. School of Arts, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070814.094758.
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In Australia, Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICM) is the policy framework adopted by government to manage the coastal zone. Amongst other principles, ICM contains an explicit mandate to include local communities in the management of the coastal zone. In Australia, the Coastcare program emerged in response to international acceptance of the need to involve local communities in the management of the coastal zone. This dissertation is a critical cultural investigation of the Coastcare program to discover how the program and the coastal zone generally, is understood and negotiated by three volunteer groups in SE Queensland. There is a paucity of data surrounding the actual experiences of Coastcare volunteers. This dissertation begins to fill this gap in our knowledge of local community involvement in coastal management. My dissertation considers the culture of Coastcare and broadly, community participation initiatives. Coastcare participants, government policymakers, environmental scientists, etc bring to their encounter a specific way of seeing the coast a cultural framework which guides their actions, ideas and priorities for the coastal zone. These cultural frameworks are established and maintained in the context of unequal relations of power and knowledge. The discourses of environmental science and economics as evidenced in the chief ICM policy objective, Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) are powerful knowledges in the realm of community participation policy. This arrangement has serious consequences for what governments and experts can expect to achieve via community participation programs. In short, the quest for power-sharing with communities and meaningful participation is impeded by dominant scientific and economic cultures which act to marginalise and discredit the cultures of communities (and volunteers). Ironically enough, the lack of consideration of these deeper relations of power and knowledge means that the very groups (such as policymakers, environmental scientists, etc) who actively seek the participation of local communities, contribute disproportionately to the relative failure of community participation programs. At the very least, as those in a position of power, policymakers and associated experts do little to enhance communication with local communities. To this situation add confusion wrought by changes in the delivery of the Coastcare program and a lack of human and financial resources. From this perspective, the warm and fuzzy sentiment of Coastcare can be understood as the Coastcare of neglect. However, the emergence of community participation as legitimate in environmental policymaking indicates a fissure in the traditional power relations between communities and experts. Indeed the entry of community participation policy is relatively new territory for the environmental sciences. It is this fissure which I seek to explore and encourage via the application of a cultural studies framework which offers another way of seeing community participation in coastal and marine management and thereby, offers avenues to improve relations between communities and experts. My fieldwork reveals a fundamental mismatch between the cultural frameworks which communities bring to the coast and those frameworks embodied and implemented by the Coastcare program. Upon closer examination, it is apparent that the Coastcare program (and community participation programs generally) are designed to introduce local lay communities to environmental science knowledge. Local coastal cultures are relegated to the personal and private realm. An excellent example of this is the scientifically oriented eligible areas for funding of the Coastcare program. The volunteers consulted for this project emphasized their motivation in terms of maintaining the natural beauty of the coast and protecting a little bit of coast from the rampant development of the coastal zone. Their motivations were largely the antithesis of ESD. They understood their actions as thwarting the negative impacts of coastal development this occurred within a policy framework which accepted development as fait daccompli. Australias nation of coastal dwellers may not know a lot about coastal ecologies but they do know the coast in other ways. Community knowledge of the coast can be largely accounted for in the phrase, Australian beach culture. Serious consideration of Australian beach culture in environmental policy is absent. The lack of attention to this central tenet of the Australian way of life is because, as a concept and in practice, beach culture lacks the seriousness and objectivity of environmental science knowledge it is about play, hedonism, holidays, spirituality, emotion and fun. The stories (including Indigenous cultural heritage) which emerge when Australians are asked about their beach cultural knowledge historical and contemporary experiences of the Australian coast await meaningful consideration by those interested in communicating with Australian communities living on the coast. This cultural geography is an avenue for policymakers to better communicate and engage with Australian communities in their quest to increase participation in, or motivate interest in community coastal management programs.
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Maraj, Ramona. "Bird habitat associations in managed Douglas-fir forests on the east coast of Vancouver Island." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51410.pdf.
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Hayes, Ashley Marie. "AN INVESTIGATION OF TROPICAL RAINFALL DOWNWIND OF URBAN AREAS ALONG THE UNITED STATES EAST COAST." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04032008-232850/.
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Studies have shown that urban areas enhance mesoscale precipitation but have not revealed if urban areas have the same effect on synoptic scale precipitation. This study used Multi-Precipitation Estimator (MPE) and Next-Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) stage III data to examine the effect of urban areas on rainfall associated with hurricanes and tropical storms from 19762005. These urban areas were divided into upwind and downwind areas where 6-hour precipitation totals were calculated and compared. Results displayed that 69.2% of urban areas had greater rainfall in the upwind area. Statistical analyses revealed that there is a larger range of higher precipitation values in the upwind area and a smaller range of lower precipitation values in the downwind area. Therefore, instead of urban areas enhancing tropical rainfall it weakens the rainfall. Based on the results, there is no relationship between urban areas and enhanced rainfall; however, there is a relationship between the distribution of precipitation and urban areas.
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Dicken, Matthew Laurence. "Population dynamics of the raggedtooth shark (Carcharias taurus) along the east coast of South Africa." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/247/.
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Banks, Aaron M. "The seasonal movements and dynamics of migrating humpback whales off the east coast of Africa." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4109.
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Data collected during boat-based and aerial surveys were used to describe population structure, movements, temporal patterns of migration and skin condition of humpback whales in breeding sub-stock C1-S off southern Africa. Results confirmed that the migration route along the south coast of South Africa is linked to the winter ground off Mozambique. A lack of exchange between breeding sub-stocks C1-N and C1-S was found, suggesting that these are independent of each other. Molecular analysis revealed unexpected levels of population structure between the migration route and the winter ground of C1-S, as well as the possibility that this migration route is also utilised by some individuals from breeding sub-stock C3. A skin condition of unknown aetiology that primarily affects humpback whale mother-calf pairs was identified. The first assessment of its prevalence and severity was made, providing a baseline for future monitoring. Humpback whale abundance in an inshore region of Bazaruto Archipelago, Mozambique was estimated and attempts were also made to use the limited information off Plettenberg Bay/Knysna, South Africa. In addition to improving our understanding of humpback whales from Breeding Stock C, knowledge about another baleen whale species utilising the southwest Indian Ocean was extended. The first evidence of southern right whale presence off the coast of Mozambique since the cessation of whaling was documented. It remains unknown whether this is a remnant sub-stock or the recovering South African sub-stock reoccupying its historical range.
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Heeps, Carolyn. "Sediment circulation in mixed gravel and shingle bayhead beaches on the South East Dorset coast." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 1986. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/454/.
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This thesis investigates and attempts to clarify the morphological characteristics, processes and sedimentology of five local mixed gravel and shingle beaches. A conceptual framework of process response has been adopted which considers energy inputs, sediment transport and coastal morphology, under conditions of limited sediment supply and a "closed cell" situation. Onshore field investigations using conventional methods of surface sediment sampling, together with beach profiling, platform and cliff measurements provided quantitative data with respect to contemporary sediment inputs, sediment characteristics and transport. Extensive and intensive measurements of beach sections described spatial and temporal morphological and volumetric change and revealed a neutral sediment budget at the scale of 12-14 months. The beaches are in equilibrium with prevailing and dominant south westerly wave regimes; prolonged periods of south easterly wave climates influence the foci of wave energy and cause significant littoral drift and exposure of the chalk platform. The offshore data used were derived from available sources and supplemented by fieldwork by the author. Investigations in the nearshore zone by side-scan sonar and echosounder revealed the morphological and sedimentological nature of the seafloor along the northern shore of Weymouth Bay. Sediment distribution and bedforms suggested preferred sediment transport paths. Within each bay sediment sampling by grab and/or divers elucidated the nature of each sediment cell. The distinct differences of textural composition and the presence of natural offshore barriers to sediment movement highlighted the sedimentological/morphological containment of each bayhead unit. Theoretical considerations and field data have helped to gain a better understanding of the relationship between cliff, beach, platform and nearshore processes and illustrate that selected embayments along the northern shore of Weymouth Bay are morphologically contained sediment cells sharing the same hydrodynamic system.
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Ropp, Ann Janette. "Population Structure Of The Hard Clam, Mercenaria Mercenaria, Along The East Coast Of North America." W&M ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1616444311.
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Virginia leads the nation in production of aquacultured hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758), with an estimated farm gate value of $38.8 million in 2018. Despite the high economic value, there are few genomic resources available to support the hard clam aquaculture industry.To develop effective genetic tools for industry, it is important to first understand population structure. Hard clams have a pelagic larval phase that allows for dispersal, but the level of genetic connectivity among populations is not well understood. This study used genotyping-by-sequencing to delineate the genetic stock structure of wild clams sampled along the East Coast of North America and identify a subset of informative loci for population discrimination. Samples were collected from 15 locations from Prince Edward Island, Canada, to South Carolina, USA. Following DNA isolation, 452 individuals were sequenced and 153,842 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. The SNP loci were filtered for quality control, resulting in a final dataset of 4,960 SNPs from 448 individuals that was analyzed to delineate population structure and quantify levels of genetic divergence among populations and levels of diversity within populations. Data provided evidence of five genetic breaks separating six genetically distinct populations; Canada, Maine, Massachusetts, Mid-Atlantic, Chesapeake Bay and the Carolinas. The use of next-generation sequencing markers in this study enabled identification of finer scale population structure than was previously recognized. Data were used to identify a subset of SNP markers capable of geographic discrimination and population assignment with 75–93% accuracy. This is the first study to assess population genetic structure of the economically important hard clam along a large portion of their native range with high resolution genomic markers.
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Gore, Sarah. "Regeneration in the Rocky Pine Forest in the High Coast area of North East Sweden." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-38948.
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Brouwer, Stephen Leonard. "An assessment of the South African east coast linefishery from Kei Mouth to Stil Bay." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005076.
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During the period April 1994 and February 1996 as part of an investigation into the national Iinefishery, the east coast shore fishery and the recreational and commercial ski-boat fisheries were surveyed, at eight sites between Kei Mouth in the East and Stil Bay in the West. Roving creel, access point and aerial surveys were used. A questionnaire was developed for each sector to gather data on catch and effort, fisher demographics, economics, fisher attitudes towards, and knowledge of, the current management regulations and assess the efficacy of the fisheries inspectorate. During the access point survey the catch of 3273 fishers was inspected and 1556 interviews were conducted. Questionnaires were conducted on 118 recreational ski-boaters and the catch of 165 boats was inspected. 96 commercial skippers were interviewed and 230 had their catch inspected. Three aerial surveys of the entire area were conducted during which a total of 1067 shore fishers were counted giving a shore fisher density of 0.39 fishers.km⁻¹. The majority (99%) of participants in all sectors of the linefishery were male. The greatest number of participants were white, shore fishery 77% recreational ski-boat 98% commercial skiboat 89%, followed by coloured, asian and black people. To a large extent this reflects the income of various racial groups. Most fishers supported the current linefish management plan. However, when tested on their knowledge of the size limits, bag limits and closed seasons of their target species many shore fishers (59%) did not know them and a high proportion of fishers in all sectors had disobeyed at least one of the regulations (shore 50%, recreational ski-boat 70%, commercial ski-boat 56%). When compared to historical data the present catch per unit effort (CPUE) in all sectors has decreased. Most interviewees in the various sectors did not accept responsibility for the decline in CPUE, but attributed it to three principal reasons vis their perceived direct competitors, trawling and pollution. Analysis of the catch revealed that all sectors were multispecies fisheries, with each sector being characterised by a small number of target species. Catch composition differed significantly between the shore and ski-boat sectors, but there was significant overlap between the two skiboat sectors. Analysis of the catch in comparison to that reported to the National Marine Linefish System (NMLS) revealed that there was a substantial degree of under-reporting. There was little seasonal difference in effort in the shore fishery while the recreational ski-boat effort was highest in the summer and the commercial ski-boat effort was high in the winter. Effort in the shore and recreational ski-boat fisheries was concentrated over weekends while the commercial ski-boat effort was highest during weekdays. Total effort for the entire area was estimated at 903 186 (±1913) fisher days per annum in the shore fishery, 24 357 (±685) recreational ski-boat fisher days and 64 266 (±1686) commercial ski-boat fisher days. Expenditure and capital investment in the various sectors was calculated, as were earnings of the participants in the commercial ski-boat sector. The linefishery in the Eastern Cape was estimated to have a minimum capital investment in excess of R210 million and more than R32 million is spent annually on running costs. The commercial ski-boat fishery directly employed an estimated 3184 people. The economic implications of changes in CPUE for the commercial ski-boat fishery are considered, as are the benefits of a recreational angling licence. Management of the linefishery is discussed in relation to the findings of this study.
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Helm, Richard Michael. "Conflicting histories : the archaeology of the iron-working, farming communities in the central and southern coast region of Kenya." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/71d3890f-3b5b-4ef9-a807-1bc19fd09d24.
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Topp, Janet. "Women and the Africanisation of Taarab in Zanzibar." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301769.
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Rossouw, Cobus. "The probability of occurrence and the intensity of tropical cyclones along the Southern African East Coast /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3633.
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Ewen, Sarah Maree. "Diagenetic evolution of some modern and ancient cold seep-carbonates from East Coast Basin, New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2788.
Full textAbstract:
Cold seep-carbonates are the microbially mediated by-products of the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) at seafloor cold seeps, and are widespread about modern continental margins and in the geologic record. Some modern and Miocene examples of cold seep-carbonates from the East Coast Basin, North Island, New Zealand have been analysed in this study, to characterise and determine their carbonate fabrics, elemental and mineralogical composition, and stable δ18O and δ13C isotope signatures, so as to provide insights into the diagenetic changes associated with the lithification and burial of seep-carbonates. The ancient samples were collected from the onshore middle Miocene Tauwhareparae (TWP) seep deposit, while the modern samples were obtained from the National Institute of Water and Atmosphere (NIWA) Cruise TAN0616 (November 2006) from Ritchie Ridge, offshore Hikurangi Margin. A paragenetic sequence of diagenetic events involving early aragonitic phases, followed by late calcitic phases is defined for the seep-carbonates. This sequence likely has relevance for understanding the fluid-cement histories of seep-carbonates more widely. Two main carbonate mineralogies occur in each of the sample groups - modern samples are aragonitic or dolomitic, while the ancient ones consist dominantly of either aragonite or calcite. Thus, aragonite common to both sample groups, and is interpreted to represent the initial primary carbonate precipitate in hydrocarbon seep provinces under specific fluid flux and local pore-water chemistry conditions. Aragonite morphologies range from microcrystalline carbonate ('micarb'), to acicular aragonites that may form botryoids or spherulites. Dolomite occurs in those modern samples which appear to constitute exhumed remnants of a former subsurface 'seep plumbing system', and so are strictly not true seabed 'seep-carbonates', but instead are part of the larger hydrocarbon seep province. Calcite in the ancient samples is either a product of alteration and neomorphic transformation of aragonite, or derives from late stage cementation from burial fluids. As a result of their formation processes, the calcites are generally recrystallised and have equant or 'cellular' textures. Stable δ13C and δ18O isotope cross-plots reveal a large spread of values for the sample groups. Ancient samples range from δ13C -8 to -50 PDB and δ18O -5.5 to +2 PDB. Modern samples have δ13C values from -6 to -41 PDB and δ18O values ranging from +2.6 to +6.7 PDB. The δ13C values suggest the majority of the methane that formed these seep-carbonates is of thermogenic origin, although some mixing from other carbon sources may have occurred. The positive δ18O signatures are suggestive of carbonate formation during dissociation of gas hydrates, while the negative values possibly indicate that some of the formation fluids were warmer than normal in the 17 - 30 C range.
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Allen, James Hamilton. "The analysis and prediction of the shallow subtidal benthic communities along the East Coast of England." Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327288.
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Saif, Saif Salim Saif. "The east coast of the United Arab Emirates : an evaluation of economic activities and future prospects." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5800/.
Full textAbstract:
The United Arab Emirates with its coastal land from the western borders with the state of Qatar and the Saudi Arabia to the Omani borders in the east has many economic activities which the recent studies have not covered. The UAE has two coasts the western and the eastern. The coastal area of the western coast has rich oil deposits, whilst the area on the eastern coast has no oil deposits. This has led the inhabitants at the eastern coast to develop other alternatives. Fishing and farming became the main economic activities for the inhabitants of this coast, especially during the pre-oil period. Also, since the East Coast does not have the oil deposits, some of the people of the East Coast prefer to work in other oil rich Emirates, especially Abu Dhabi and Dubai. At the same time the oil wealth from the other Emirates has played major role in developing the East Coast in terms of financing the construction of the new facilities, seaports, airport and the other facilities. As a result of the latest government attention paid to the East Coast in terms of building new facilities as well as exploiting natural resources derived from the Hajar mountains, a lot of new manufacturing, eg rockwool, has come to play a major role in the area. The government of the area is in the process of exploring the geostrategic location of the East Coast with a view to it playing an important role in the future shipping industry in the area. The study evaluates the economic activities during the pre- and post-oil eras and gives a comparison between the two periods as well as exploring future prospects to develop these activities. It examined some of the area's problems as a result of the new development and future alternatives to be developed. It also evaluates and explores the importance of the area's geostrategic location in terms of future industry, e.g. export and re-export industry.