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1
Petri, Michelle, Chenglong Fang, and Daniel W. Goldman. "East-Asian lupus nephritis in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort." Rheumatology and Immunology Research 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rir-2023-0022.
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Abstract Background and Objective East Asian systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is under represented in lupus cohorts outside of East Asia. We asked whether lupus nephritis was more common and more severe in East Asians than in other ethnicities in a large United States SLE cohort. Methods The Hopkins Lupus Cohort, a longitudinal cohort of 2802 patients (53.5% Caucasian, 39.2% African-American, 3.2% East Asian) was studied. The SLICC/ACR Damage Index was used to assess renal outcomes. Results: East Asian patients had the same prevalence of lupus nephritis as African-Americans and both were higher than Caucasians. East Asians were not significantly different in frequency of end stage kidney disease compared with African-Americans. East Asians were more likely than Caucasians to have anti-Sm, low C3 and low C4. East Asians were more likely than African-Americans to have low C3 and low C4. Conclusion East Asians living in the United States were more likely to have lupus nephritis than Caucasians. Poor outcomes such as end stage kidney disease occurred at an equal frequency in East Asians as in African-Americans. Lupus nephritis was both more frequent and more severe in East Asians than in African-Americans.
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Lu, Jackson G., Richard E. Nisbett, and Michael W. Morris. "Why East Asians but not South Asians are underrepresented in leadership positions in the United States." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 9 (February 18, 2020): 4590–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918896117.
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Well-educated and prosperous, Asians are called the “model minority” in the United States. However, they appear disproportionately underrepresented in leadership positions, a problem known as the “bamboo ceiling.” It remains unclear why this problem exists and whether it applies to all Asians or only particular Asian subgroups. To investigate the mechanisms and scope of the problem, we compared the leadership attainment of the two largest Asian subgroups in the United States: East Asians (e.g., Chinese) and South Asians (e.g., Indians). Across nine studies (n= 11,030) using mixed methods (archival analyses of chief executive officers, field surveys in large US companies, student leader nominations and elections, and experiments), East Asians were less likely than South Asians and whites to attain leadership positions, whereas South Asians were more likely than whites to do so. To understand why the bamboo ceiling exists for East Asians but not South Asians, we examined three categories of mechanisms—prejudice (intergroup), motivation (intrapersonal), and assertiveness (interpersonal)—while controlling for demographics (e.g., birth country, English fluency, education, socioeconomic status). Analyses revealed that East Asians faced less prejudice than South Asians and were equally motivated by work and leadership as South Asians. However, East Asians were lower in assertiveness, which consistently mediated the leadership attainment gap between East Asians and South Asians. These results suggest that East Asians hit the bamboo ceiling because their low assertiveness is incongruent with American norms concerning how leaders should communicate. The bamboo ceiling is not an Asian issue, but an issue of cultural fit.
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Cheng, Stephen K. K. "Understanding the Culture and Behaviour of East Asians — A Confucian Perspective." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 24, no. 4 (December 1990): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679009062907.
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The economic miracle of East Asia is followed by the emergence of a new common identity in Confucianism among the nations in the region. Being the predominant cultural determining force in East Asia, Confucianism has deeply influenced East Asian behaviour. Three behavioural traits in East Asians are discussed. First, the East Asian's lack of “personality” is traced to the Confucian social institution of Li — rules of propriety. Second, the East Asian's lack of principled moral thinking is linked to the dyadic, relation-based character of the Confucian ethic, its lack of hypothetical reasoning and its hierarchical view of human relationships. Third, the East Asian's lack of assertiveness is rooted in the Confucian ideal of man as a reflection of harmony in the cosmos and the Confucian ideal of society as based on the fulfilment of duties rather than the assertion of rights. The implications of these Confucian traits suggest the need to re-formulate Western conceptions of and approaches to East Asian behaviour.
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Gallagher, Mark. "Crazy Rich Asians and pan-Asian screen cosmopolitanism." East Asian Journal of Popular Culture 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eapc_00025_1.
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Crazy Rich Asians (2018), a box-office hit in North America, provoked celebration particularly from Asian American commentators and actors. Shot in Singapore and Malaysia with an Asian and Asian American cast, it was a success too in Singapore itself and in territories such as Hong Kong, Taiwan and Australia but not in East Asia’s largest markets, those of China, Japan and South Korea. Focusing on the phenomenon of Crazy Rich Asians’ release, particularly its engagement with and circulation in East and Southeast Asia and its polarized reception among different Asian American and Asian communities, this article traces a series of discursive flashpoints to understand the film’s position in Asian and Asian American film culture. Arguing that the fortunes of US releases with Asian and Asian American casts reveal cosmopolitanism’s invisible borders, the article proposes a model of pan-Asian screen cosmopolitanism. This model recognizes that even globally hybrid screen texts such as Crazy Rich Asians bear cultural markers that may inhibit their appeal in territories with shared ethnic heritages but discrete social histories.
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Wang, Yexin, Gongwei Jia, Jin Song, Xiangqing Kong, Weihong Zhang, and Chunyang Meng. "Comparative Efficacy of Alendronate upon Vertebral Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Rates in East Asians Versus Non-East Asians with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Hormone and Metabolic Research 50, no. 10 (October 2018): 738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0741-8300.
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AbstractBisphosphonates, such as alendronate, have become the most widely used and effective anti-resorptive therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Previous genetic studies suggest that ethnicity may drive differing responses to bisphosphonate therapy in East Asians and non-East Asians. Therefore, the aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the efficacy of alendronate upon lumbar spinal BMD and vertebral fracture rates in East Asians and non-East Asians with postmenopausal osteoporosis. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of alendronate versus placebo (or calcium/mineral and/or Vitamin D or hormone replacement therapy) in primary postmenopausal osteoporotic women. We calculated the weighted mean differences (WMDs) for lumbar spinal BMD and the risk ratios (RRs) for vertebral fracture risk along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). From an initial set of 445 non-duplicate records, 13 full-text articles were finally included in this meta-analysis consisting of four East Asian RCTs and nine non-East Asian RCTs. Alendronate therapy displayed significant effects in improving lumbar spinal BMD in both East Asians [WMD (95% CI)=5.30 (0.32–10.29), p=0.037] and non-East Asians [WMD (95% CI)=5.73 (3.61–7.85), p=0.000]. Alendronate therapy did not display significant effects upon vertebral fracture risk in East Asians [RR (95% CI)=0.41 (0.06–2.73), p=0.358] but did display a significant effect upon lowering vertebral fracture risk in non-East Asians [RR (95% CI)=0.55 (0.42–0.72), p=0.000]. These findings suggest that ethnicity may affect the efficacy of bisphosphonate therapy in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.
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Kim, So Young. "Do Asian Values Exist? Empirical Tests of the Four Dimensions of Asian Values." Journal of East Asian Studies 10, no. 2 (August 2010): 315–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800003477.
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The Asian values debate has been long on speculative advocacy but short on empirical validation, with statistical tests emerging only lately. This study explores two questions: whether Asians indeed hold distinct cultural attitudes when compared with non-Asians and whether these cultural attitudes and beliefs identified as Asian values form coherent dimensions among Asians. The study first identifies four dimensions of Asian values based on a review of various Asian values discourses: familism, communalism, authority orientations, and work ethic. The findings from the empirical analysis based on multilevel models and factor analysis return mixed support for the Asian values hypothesis. Although East Asian respondents do exhibit strong work-related values compared with those from other regions, commitment to familial values and authoritarian orientations are actually lower among East Asians. Also, while preference for strong leadership and parental duty do turn out to form distinct sets of attitudes among South and Southeast Asians, the four dimensions do not constitute a clear value complex in the minds of East Asians.
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Mo, Zongchao, Junyi Xin, Ruichao Chai, Peter Y. M. Woo, Danny T. M. Chan, and Jiguang Wang. "Epidemiological characteristics and genetic alterations in adult diffuse glioma in East Asian populations." Cancer Biology & Medicine 19, no. 10 (November 1, 2022): 1440–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0418.
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Understanding the racial specificities of diseases—such as adult diffuse glioma, the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system—is a critical step toward precision medicine. Here, we comprehensively review studies of gliomas in East Asian populations and other ancestry groups to clarify the racial differences in terms of epidemiology and genomic characteristics. Overall, we observed a lower glioma incidence in East Asians than in Whites; notably, patients with glioblastoma had significantly younger ages of onset and longer overall survival than the Whites. Multiple genome-wide association studies of various cohorts have revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with overall and subtype-specific glioma susceptibility. Notably, only 3 risk loci—5p15.33, 11q23.3, and 20q13.33—were shared between patients with East Asian and White ancestry, whereas other loci predominated only in particular populations. For instance, risk loci 12p11.23, 15q15-21.1, and 19p13.12 were reported in East Asians, whereas risk loci 8q24.21, 1p31.3, and 1q32.1 were reported in studies in White patients. Although the somatic mutational profiles of gliomas between East Asians and non-East Asians were broadly consistent, a lower incidence of EGFR amplification in glioblastoma and a higher incidence of 1p19q-IDH-TERT triple-negative low-grade glioma were observed in East Asian cohorts. By summarizing large-scale disease surveillance, germline, and somatic genomic studies, this review reveals the unique characteristics of adult diffuse glioma among East Asians, to guide clinical management and policy design focused on patients with East Asian ancestry.
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Misra, Supriya, Laura C. Wyatt, Jennifer A. Wong, Cindy Y. Huang, Shahmir H. Ali, Chau Trinh-Shevrin, Nadia S. Islam, Stella S. Yi, and Simona C. Kwon. "Determinants of Depression Risk among Three Asian American Subgroups in New York City." Ethnicity & Disease 30, no. 4 (September 24, 2020): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.30.4.553.
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Objective: Although the fastest growing minority group, Asian Americans receive little attention in mental health research. Moreover, aggregated data mask further diversity within Asian Americans. This study aimed to examine depression risk by detailed Asian American subgroup, and further assess determinants within and between three Asian ethnic subgroups.Methods: Needs assessment surveys were collected in 16 Asian American subgroups (six Southeast Asian, six South Asian, and four East Asian) in New York City from 2013-2016 using community-based sampling strategies. A final sample of N=1,532 completed the PHQ-2. Bivariate comparisons and multivariable logistic models explored differences in depression risk by subgroup.Results: Southeast Asians had the greatest depression risk (19%), followed by South Asians (11%) and East Asians (9%). Among Southeast Asians, depression risk was associated with lacking health insurance (OR=.2, 95% CI: 0-.6), not having a provider who speaks the same language (OR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.3-8.0), and lower neighborhood social cohesion (OR= .94, 95% CI: .71-.99). Among South Asians, depression risk was associated with greater English proficiency (OR=3.9, 95% CI: 1.6-9.2); and among East Asians, depression risk was associated with ≤ high school education (OR=4.2, 95% CI: 1.2-14.3). Additionally, among Southeast Asians and South Asians, the highest depression risk was associated with high levels of discrimination (Southeast Asian: OR=9.9, 95% CI: 1.8-56.2; South Asian: OR=7.3, 95% CI: 3.3-16.2).Conclusions: Depression risk and determinants differed by Asian American ethnic subgroup. Identifying factors associated with depression risk among these groups is key to targeting limited public health resources for these underserved communities. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):553-562; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.553
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Jang, Yong Ju, and Hyun Moon. "Special Consideration in the Management of Hump Noses in Asians." Facial Plastic Surgery 36, no. 05 (October 2020): 554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1717144.
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AbstractAlthough not as prevalent as in Caucasian rhinoplasty, correction of a hump nose also poses a significant problem for East Asian rhinoplasty. The hump noses in East Asians can be classified as generalized humps, isolated humps, and relative humps with a low tip. Appropriate management of the Asian hump nose demands a good understanding of the anatomical characteristics unique to East Asians. As the East Asians generally prefer to have a nose with a prominent tip and well-augmented nasal dorsum, the concept of redistribution is significant in managing convex dorsum of the East Asians. Hump reduction should be done in a conservative and incremental manner, including careful removal of the bony cap and cartilaginous hump. Tip augmentation using a septal extension graft is an essential maneuver to achieve an aesthetically pleasing tip height, which has a tremendous impact on the overall aesthetic outcome. Midvault reconstruction, dorsal augmentation, and camouflage are additional key elements for the success of the operation. Complications such as undercorrection and dorsal irregularities are not uncommon, requiring surgeons to take utmost care to address them.
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Pan, Hsin-Hsin. "Is the USA the Only Role Model in Town? Empirical Evidence from the Asian Barometer Survey." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 5 (January 2, 2020): 733–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619894610.
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Based on the fourth wave of the Asian Barometer Survey, I examine the contours and determinants of East Asians’ role model choices. The results show that pro-authoritarianism rule, recognition of China’s regional hegemon status, perception of China’s soft-power image, admiration for good governance, or inward-looking nationalism make East Asians more likely to choose an alternative role model rather than the USA. If the USA should loom out of East Asians’ vision for their country role model, the alternative role models would carry consequences in a potential shift in the democratic regime paradigm and a possible change in the political landscape in East Asia.
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Hur, Yoon-Mi, Michelle Luciano, Nicholas G. Martin, Dorret I. Boomsma, William G. Iacono, Matt McGue, Joong Sik Shin, et al. "A Comparison of Twin Birthweight Data From Australia, the Netherlands, the United States, Japan, and South Korea: Are Genetic and Environmental Variations in Birthweight Similar in Caucasians and East Asians?" Twin Research and Human Genetics 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 638–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.8.6.638.
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AbstractBirthweight has implications for physical and mental health in later life. Using data from Caucasian twins collected in Australia, the Netherlands and the United States, and from East Asian twins collected in Japan and South Korea, we compared the total phenotypic, genetic and environmental variances of birthweight between Caucasians and East Asians. Model-fitting analyses yielded four major findings. First, for both males and females, the total phenotypic variances of birthweight were about 45% larger in Caucasians than in East Asians. The larger phenotypic variances were mainly attributable to a greater shared environmental variance of birth- weight in Caucasians (ranging from 62% to 67% of variance) than Asians (48% to 53%). Second, the genetic variance of birthweight was equal in Caucasians and East Asians for both males and females, explaining a maximum of 17% of variance. Third, small variations in total phenotypic variances of birthweight within Caucasians and within East Asians were mainly due to differences in nonshared environmental variances. We speculate that maternal effects (both genetic and environmental) explain the large shared environmental variance in birthweight and may account for the differences in phenotypic variance in birthweight between Caucasians and East Asians. Recent molecular findings and specific environmental factors that are subsumed by maternal effects are discussed.
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Ki, You-Jeong, Jeehoon Kang, Jiesuck Park, Jung-Kyu Han, Han-Mo Yang, Kyung Woo Park, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon-Kwon Koo, and Hyo-Soo Kim. "Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term and Short-Term Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Meta-Analysis of Comparison between Asians and Non-Asians." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030652.
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While dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is essential after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the optimal duration is affected by various factors. However, the effect of ethnicity on DAPT duration has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the different effect of DAPT duration by ethnicity. We searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, and relevant websites to search for randomized clinical trials (RCT) assessing the clinical impact of long term DAPT (L-DAPT) and short term DAPT (S-DAPT). Studies were divided by ethnicity, and we compared the efficacy and safety of DAPT duration in each ethnic group. Thirteen RCTs including 38,255 patients (five East Asian studies and eight non–East Asian studies) were eligible for analysis. For the primary outcome, L-DAPT showed a significantly lower rate of primary outcome only in non–East Asians (S-DAPT vs. L-DAPT, odds ratio (OR) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.32, p = 0.02), while in East Asians, the effect of S-DAPT and L-DAPT were comparable. S-DAPT significantly increased ischemic events only in non–East Asians (S-DAPT vs. L-DAPT, OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.42, p <0.01), while bleeding events were decreased by S-DAPT in both ethnicities. These results demonstrate that the adequate DAPT duration after PCI may be different in East Asians.
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Abidin, Crystal, and Jing Zeng. "Feeling Asian Together: Coping With #COVIDRacism on Subtle Asian Traits." Social Media + Society 6, no. 3 (July 2020): 205630512094822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120948223.
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Since the onset of COVID-19, incidents of racism and xenophobia have been occurring globally, especially toward people of East Asian appearance and descent. In response, this article investigates how an online Asian community has utilized social media to engage in cathartic expressions, mutual care, and discursive activism amid the rise of anti-Asian racism and xenophobia during COVID-19. Specifically, we focus on the 1.7-million-strong Facebook group “Subtle Asian Traits” (SAT). Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the 1,200 new posts it publishes daily have swiftly pivoted to the everyday lived experiences of (diaspora) East Asians around the world. In this article, we reflect on our experiences as East Asian diaspora members on SAT and share our observations of meaning-making, identity-making, and community-making as East Asians collectively coping with COVID-19 aggression between January and May 2020.
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Goh, Jin X., and Vlada Trofimchuk. "Gendered Perceptions of East and South Asian Men." Social Cognition 41, no. 6 (December 2023): 537–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2023.41.6.537.
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Gendered race theory argues that in the United States, Asian men are perceived as more feminine and less masculine than Black and White men. However, extant research has focused predominantly on East Asians while overlooking South Asians. In five studies (N = 1,773 U.S. participants), we examined the perceived femininity-masculinity of East and South Asian men. East Asian men were perceived as more feminine and less masculine than South Asian, White, and Black men. South Asian men's perceived femininity-masculinity depends on whether they have facial hair or not. South Asian men with facial hair were perceived as less feminine, more masculine, and more threatening than men from other racial groups. This hyper-masculinization of South Asian men is likely due to alignment of the bearded terrorist stereotypes with facial hair cues. Results for South and East Asian women were inconsistent. This research highlights the importance of disaggregating Asian targets in social cognition theories.
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Rank, Peter. "Arteriosclerosis in East Asians." Medical Hypotheses 24, no. 2 (October 1987): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(87)90094-6.
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Shimizu, Nanako. "Contemplating the Future of Collective Security in East Asia." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 1, no. 1 (2013): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340011.
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Abstract It is quite often argued in the legal and political literatures that Asian nations tend to be more protective of their national sovereignty and thus are often reluctant to follow universal rules or principles provided in international legal materials and texts. Does this “conservative” image of Asian nations correctly reflect the national practices and academic literature of East Asian nations? How do we East Asians perceive the UN collective security system invented at the price of two catastrophic world wars in the 20th century? And why do East Asians need international law to keep peace and security in this region? By trying to find answers to these questions, this article contemplates what role international law will be able to play for the maintenance of peace and security in East Asia.
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Sharma, Tanmay, Baanu Manoharan, Christine Langlois, Rita E. Morassut, and David Meyre. "The effect of race/ethnicity on obesity traits in first year university students from Canada: The GENEiUS study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 25, 2020): e0242714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242714.
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Background Little is known about the impact of race/ethnicity on weight change at university. The objective of this study is to determine if ethnicity has an impact on obesity traits in a multiethnic cohort of first-year students at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. Methods 183 first year students from the three most represented ethnic groups (South Asian, East Asian, and white-Caucasian) in our study sample were followed longitudinally with data collected early in the academic year and towards the end of the year. Obesity parameters including body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, and waist hip ratio (WHR) were analyzed. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for pairwise comparison of traits from the beginning to the end of the year in the absence of adjustments. Linear regression was used with covariate adjustments to investigate the effect of ethnicity on obesity traits. Results A significant increase in weight by 1.49 kg (95%CI: 1.13–1.85) was observed over the academic year in the overall analyzed sample. This was accompanied by significant gains in BMI, waist and hip circumferences, and WHR. Ethnicity stratified analysis indicated significant increase in all investigated obesity traits in East Asians and all traits, but WHR, in South Asians. White-Caucasians only displayed significant increases in weight and BMI. Body weight and hip circumference were significantly lower in East Asians compared to white-Caucasians at baseline. However, East Asians displayed a significantly larger increase in mean BMI and weight compared to white-Caucasians after first-year. South Asians displayed larger waist circumference at baseline compared to East Asians and larger WHR compared to white-Caucasians. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that ethnicity has an impact on obesity traits in first-year university students. Universities should take ethnicity into account while implementing effective obesity prevention programs to promote healthy and active lifestyles for students.
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Lin, Merrisa, Nairán Ramírez-Esparza, and Diego Pascual y Cabo. "Latinx’s Attention to Social Context: A Comparison with European Americans and East Asians Living in the U.S." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 10, no. 2 (April 8, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/1446.
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Prior research shows that collectivistic East Asians are more sensitive to contextual information than individualistic Americans. However, limited studies have explored other collectivistic societies, such as the Latinx. Extending the current literature, we investigated attention to social context among Latinx living in the United States. Two tasks were used to test how Latinx (N=260) incorporate social context information when making attributions as compared to European Americans (N=220) and East Asians (N=144) living in the United States. In Task 1, participants made attributions about their friend’s career choice. In Task 2, participants made attributions about a character experiencing constraints in a semi-real-life situation. The findings demonstrated that when making attributions, East Asians were more attentive to social context than European Americans. Furthermore, Latinx were attentive to social context like the East Asians, but findings were not consistent across tasks. Results are discussed as a function of cultural frameworks, specifically from the perspectives of European American and East Asian cultures, and from the Latinx cultures. The role of collectivism on holistic thinking and practical implications of culture-driven attention style are discussed. Directions for future research are also suggested.
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Inayati, Rif'ah, Ida Rochani Adi, and Muh Arif Rokhman. "Celebrating the East: The Contestation of Whiteness and Colored in John M. Chu’s Crazy Rich Asians." Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v9i2.74297.
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Crazy Rich Asians is regarded as one of the movies that successfully represented Asians, regardless of all the controversy. One of the topics clearly presented in the movie is the contestation between the west and east. The dichotomy is resulted from the social construction of the western culture to maintain its superiority over the east culture. Since the movie seems to celebrate the east by portraying the Asian-Asians differently from the old stereotypes or old images of the eastern culture, but at the same time, this research finds that this movie overtly portrays the west as loveable or likable culture. The movie depicts the contrast between east and west through the story. This article is intended to analyze the contestation between east and west which is depicted in the movie. The movie is examined in how it depicts America as the west and Asia as part of the east. Therefore, deconstruction is used as the reading method to see what is behind it, the things that are not seen, related to how the Asians are portrayed in the movie. The finding of this research shows that there are double roles in the movie. The power of whiteness in the American movie industry somehow still brings impacts toward the contestation of whiteness and color.
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Kang, Jeehoon, Kyung Park, Tullio Palmerini, Gregg Stone, Michael Lee, Antonio Colombo, Alaide Chieffo, et al. "Racial Differences in Ischaemia/Bleeding Risk Trade-Off during Anti-Platelet Therapy: Individual Patient Level Landmark Meta-Analysis from Seven RCTs." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 119, no. 01 (December 31, 2018): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676545.
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Background Prolonged dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) is intended to reduce ischaemic events, at the cost of an increased bleeding risk in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In this study, we evaluated whether race influences the ischaemia/bleeding risk trade-off. Methods We searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing DAPT duration after PCI. To compare the benefit or harm between DAPT duration by race, individual patient-level landmark meta-analysis was performed after discontinuation of the shorter duration DAPT group in each RCT. The primary ischaemic endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), and the primary bleeding endpoint was major bleeding events (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03338335). Results Seven RCTs including 16,518 patients (8,605 East Asians, 7,913 non-East Asians) were pooled. MACE occurred more frequently in non-East Asians (0.8% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001), while major bleeding events occurred more frequently in East Asians (0.6% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.001). In Cox proportional hazards model, prolonged DAPT significantly increased the risk of major bleeding in East Asians (hazard ratio [HR], 2.843, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.474–5.152, p = 0.002), but not in non-East Asians (HR, 1.375, 95% CI, 0.523–3.616, p = 0.523). East Asians had a higher median probability risk ratio of bleeding to ischaemia (0.66 vs. 0.15), and the proportion of patients with higher probability of bleeding than ischaemia was significantly higher in East Asians (32.3% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001). Conclusion We suggest that the ischaemia/bleeding trade-off may be different between East Asians and non-East Asians. In East Asians, prolonged DAPT may have no effect in reducing the ischaemic risk, while significantly increases the bleeding risk.
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Wangila, Makhakha Joseph. "Nativization of Fear and Anxiety as Identity in Selected Fiction of East African Asians." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 10 (October 27, 2022): 1253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i10.sh03.
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This paper explores the concept of fear and anxiety in the identity formation process among East African Asians as captured in their selected works of fiction. It analyses identity and belonging by examining how emotions of fear and anxiety are presented in the selected texts through characterization and imagery. Using Bahadur Tejani's Day After Tomorrow , Peter Nazareth's In a Brown Mantle, M.G Vassanji's The In-between World of Vikram Lall and Imam Verji's Who will Catch Us as We Fall? the paper analyzes the changing trends and images of fear and anxiety among East African Asians, that make their interaction with the native Africans almost impossible. This paper is therefore geared towards exploring how the complexity of contemporary race relations between the Asians of East Africa and the native African communities, which is driven by fear and anxiety, find expression through literary narratives. In this paper I employ psychoanalytic theory in engaging with the texts owing to the emotional issues of fear and anxiety that makes it focus on the fragmented image of the Asian world and explore the alienated individual consciousness such as the interstitial position that the East African Asians find themselves in. I conclude that fear and anxiety play a role in the process of identity formation among East African Asians in their quest for belonging in the region.
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Murthy, Dhiraj. "Representing South Asian alterity? East London's Asian electronic music scene and the articulation of globally mediated identities." European Journal of Cultural Studies 12, no. 3 (July 16, 2009): 329–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367549409105367.
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In the years since the London tube bombings, popular depictions of British Asians have been increasingly `othered' at best, and stereotyped as dangerous terrorists at worst. Asian self-representation continues to be a critically-needed intervention. East London's Asian electronic music scene serves as a means to represent the voices of young urban British Asians, attempting to bring them from peripheral alterity and render them visible in mainstream British popular culture. The music, which blends synthesized electronic music with South Asian musical stylings, has brought musicians from both the South Asian diaspora and the subcontinent to perform in `Banglatown', East London. These regular globalized performances of the scene, an aspect rarely investigated, have challenged locally bounded British Asian identities.
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Samizadeh, Souphiyeh. "Facial aesthetic treatments in East Asian populations." Journal of Aesthetic Nursing 11, no. 4 (May 2, 2022): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/joan.2022.11.4.164.
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Most published studies on surgical and non-surgical cosmetic facial procedures focus on Caucasians. With increasing popularity and requests for medical aesthetic treatments from patients of various ethnicities, there is a need for aesthetic practitioners to broaden their understanding of anatomical differences, ideals of beauty and cultural differences among different ethnicities. With the East Asian diaspora numbering tens of millions and the continued development of that region, any aesthetic practitioner will likely need to treat an East Asian patient. East Asians are keen on surgical and non-surgical aesthetic treatments to enhance their beauty and seek treatments in Asia and abroad. There are many differences between Caucasians and East Asians, including the structural architecture of the face, attitudes and standards regarding beauty and patterns and rates of facial ageing. For an optimal consultation process, treatment planning and outcome, these fundamental differences should be understood by aesthetic practitioners.
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Lu, Yao, Neeraj Kaushal, Xiaoning Huang, and S. Michael Gaddis. "Priming COVID-19 salience increases prejudice and discriminatory intent against Asians and Hispanics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 36 (August 30, 2021): e2105125118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105125118.
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Mounting reports in the media suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified prejudice and discrimination against racial/ethnic minorities, especially Asians. Existing research has focused on discrimination against Asians and is primarily based on self-reported incidents or nonrepresentative samples. We investigate the extent to which COVID-19 has fueled prejudice and discrimination against multiple racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States by examining nationally representative survey data with an embedded vignette experiment about roommate selection (collected in August 2020; n = 5,000). We find that priming COVID-19 salience has an immediate, statistically significant impact: compared to the control group, respondents in the treatment group exhibited increased prejudice and discriminatory intent against East Asian, South Asian, and Hispanic hypothetical room-seekers. The treatment effect is more pronounced in increasing extreme negative attitudes toward the three minority groups than decreasing extreme positive attitudes toward them. This is partly due to the treatment increasing the proportion of respondents who perceive these minority groups as extremely culturally incompatible (Asians and Hispanics) and extremely irresponsible (Asians). Sociopolitical factors did not moderate the treatment effects on attitudes toward Asians, but prior social contact with Hispanics mitigated prejudices against them. These findings suggest that COVID-19–fueled prejudice and discrimination have not been limited to East Asians but are part of a broader phenomenon that has affected Asians generally and Hispanics as well.
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Lee, Young-Kyun, Yong-Chan Ha, and Kyung-Hoi Koo. "Ceramic Articulation in East Asians." Seminars in Arthroplasty 23, no. 4 (December 2012): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sart.2013.01.004.
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Oonk, Gijsbert. "South Asians in East Africa (1880-1920) with a Particular Focus on Zanzibar: Toward a Historical Explanation of Economic Success of a Middlemen Minority." African and Asian Studies 5, no. 1 (2006): 57–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920906775768282.
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AbstractThe main object of this article is to falsify the common historical portrait of South Asians in Zanzibar and East Africa. Most studies, a-priori, assume the outstanding business success of the Asian minority in East Africa. In explaining this success, they emphasize common explanations and theories for their economic success, like hard work, having a superior business mind, using their ethnic resources for capital accumulation and knowledge of (international) markets. In this article I attempt to explain the success of South Asians in Zanzibar, East Africa, from a historical point of view. My main argument is that South Asians started with a far more favorable socio-economic position as compared to their African counterparts. They were more than Swahilis, accustomed with a money economy and the concept of interest. In addition, they knew how to read, write and produce account books. Finally, they had access to the rulers, and were able to negotiate profitable terms of trade. Nevertheless, many were not successful at all and went bankrupt. Therefore, the success of South Asians in East Africa may be explained as the outcome of a 'trial and error' process. The successful remained in East Africa, whereas others left. India remained a safety net for those who did not make out as well as a source for new recruitment of traders, shopkeepers and clerks.
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Steinrücken, Matthias, Jack Kamm, Jeffrey P. Spence, and Yun S. Song. "Inference of complex population histories using whole-genome sequences from multiple populations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 34 (August 6, 2019): 17115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905060116.
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There has been much interest in analyzing genome-scale DNA sequence data to infer population histories, but inference methods developed hitherto are limited in model complexity and computational scalability. Here we present an efficient, flexible statistical method, diCal2, that can use whole-genome sequence data from multiple populations to infer complex demographic models involving population size changes, population splits, admixture, and migration. Applying our method to data from Australian, East Asian, European, and Papuan populations, we find that the population ancestral to Australians and Papuans started separating from East Asians and Europeans about 100,000 y ago, and that the separation of East Asians and Europeans started about 50,000 y ago, with pervasive gene flow between all pairs of populations.
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Wu, Tsu-Yin, Olivia Ford, Alice Jo Rainville, Xining Yang, Chong Man Chow, Sarah Lally, Rachel Bessire, and Jessica Donnelly. "Perceptions of COVID-19 Vaccine, Racism, and Social Vulnerability: An Examination among East Asian Americans, Southeast Asian Americans, South Asian Americans, and Others." Vaccines 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081333.
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As COVID-19 vaccines are readily available and most U.S. adults who are enthusiastic about the vaccine have received it, motivating those who have not been vaccinated to accept it has become a challenge. The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanisms behind COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Asian American ethnic groups, including how sociodemographic characteristics and racism predict COVID-19 and vaccine perceptions. The study also examined associations between social vulnerability and COVID-19 and vaccine perceptions. Social vulnerability is defined as the degree to which a community is able to prepare and respond to a natural or man-made disaster. This cross-sectional study used community-based survey data collected from April to September 2021. Study measures included demographics, perceptions of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines, and racism-related experiences. The results showed that, compared to Non-Asians, East Asians reported that they had significantly more challenges accessing COVID-19 vaccines, and South Asians reported significantly higher safety concerns about COVID-19 vaccines. Our study also found that racism experience mediates the association between race/ethnicity and safety concerns about COVID-19 vaccines. Three Asian subgroups (East Asians, South Asians, and Southeast Asians) experienced more racism (compared to Non-Asians), and more experience of racism was related to greater safety concerns. Geographical Information System (GIS) maps revealed that residents of lower social vulnerability index (SVI) areas reported fewer unfairness perceptions and that higher SVI areas had lower vaccine accessibility and trust in public health agencies. Our study advances the understanding of racism, social vulnerability, and COVID-19 vaccine-related perceptions among Asian Americans. The findings have implications for policymakers and community leaders with respect to tailoring COVID-19 program efforts for socially vulnerable populations and Asian American groups that experience greater challenges regarding vaccine safety concerns and accessibility.
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Kitayama, Shinobu, Qinggang Yu, Anthony P. King, Carolyn Yoon, and Israel Liberzon. "The gray matter volume of the temporoparietal junction varies across cultures: a moderating role of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4)." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, no. 2 (February 2020): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa032.
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Abstract Prior work shows that compared to European Americans, East Asians show an enhanced propensity to take the perspective of another person. In the current work, we tested whether this cultural difference might be reflected in the gray matter (GM) volume of the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), a brain region selectively implicated in perspective taking and mentalizing. We also explored whether the cultural difference in the TPJ GM volume might be moderated by dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) exon 3 variable-number tandem repeat polymorphism. Structural magnetic resonance imaging of 66 European Americans and 66 East Asian-born Asians were subjected to voxel-based morphometry. It was observed that the GM volume of the right TPJ was greater among East Asians than among European Americans. Moreover, this cultural difference was significantly more pronounced among carriers of the 7- or 2-repeat allele of DRD4 than among the non-carriers of these alleles. Our findings contribute to the growing evidence that culture can shape the brain.
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Saito, Osamu. "Forest history and the Great Divergence: China, Japan, and the West compared." Journal of Global History 4, no. 3 (November 2009): 379–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022809990131.
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AbstractThis article surveys changing interrelationships between humans and the earth's forest cover over the past few centuries. The focus is on the interplay between population increase, deforestation, and afforestation at both ends of Eurasia. Through the consideration of long-term changes in population and woodland area, Japan is compared with Lingnan in south China, and the East Asians with two European countries, England and France. Based on East–West comparisons and also on somewhat more detailed intra-Asian comparisons with respect to market linkages and the role of the state, the article examines the proposition made by Kenneth Pomeranz that, although both ends of Eurasia were ecologically constrained at the end of the early modern period, East Asia's pressure on forest resources was ‘probably not much worse’ than that in the West.
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Ahn, Lydia HaRim, NaYeon Yang, and Mira An. "COVID-19 Racism, Internalized Racism, and Psychological Outcomes Among East Asians/East Asian Americans." Counseling Psychologist 50, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00110000211070597.
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The present study investigated the psychological effects of racism on East Asians and East Asian Americans (EAEAAs) living in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic using a mixed-methods approach. First, using an autoregressive cross-lagged panel analysis, we investigated the relations between COVID-19 racism, internalized racism, psychological distress, and social isolation among EAEAAs. We then examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on EAEAAs using consensual qualitative research-modified. Quantitative findings showed that COVID-19 racism at Time 1 was associated with greater subsequent psychological distress, and COVID-19 racism at Time 2 was associated with greater levels of subsequent psychological distress and social isolation at Time 3, suggesting that COVID-19 racism predicted psychological distress and social isolation over time. Qualitative findings highlighted the prevalence of racism towards EAEAAs and the associated negative consequences. Findings demonstrate that EAEAAs living in the United States are at great risk due to the detrimental effects of racism during COVID-19.
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Moosavi, Leon. "“Can East Asian Students Think?”: Orientalism, Critical Thinking, and the Decolonial Project." Education Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10100286.
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Amidst the increasing calls for the decolonisation of universities, this article interrogates the representation of East Asian students in Western academia. It is argued that East Asian students are often imagined in Orientalist ways, as can be evidenced by evaluating the depiction of East Asian students in academic publications. More specifically, it is suggested that common perceptions of East Asian students as lacking in critical thinking may unwittingly reinforce stereotypes that are rooted in historic narratives which depict East Asians as inferior to (white) Westerners. This article also explores the way in which East Asian academics and students may also subscribe to these Orientalist perceptions. Finally, this article offers a refutation of the stereotype that East Asian students struggle with critical thinking and it suggests that being more reflexive about the way that we imagine ethnic minority students should be a key component of our efforts to decolonise the university.
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Kaushal, Neeraj, Yao Lu, and Xiaoning Huang. "Pandemic and prejudice: Results from a national survey experiment." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): e0265437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265437.
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Do health and economic shocks exacerbate prejudice towards racial/ethnic minority groups? We investigate this question in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic by collecting nationally representative survey data with an embedded experiment. Results show that priming COVID-19 salience has an immediate impact: compared to the control group, respondents in the treatment group reported increased prejudice towards East Asian and Hispanic colleagues. East Asians in the treatment group faced higher prejudicial responses from Americans living in counties with higher COVID-19 infections and those who lost jobs due to COVID-19, and fewer prejudicial responses in counties with a higher concentration of Asians. These results point to the salience of COVID-19 fueled health and economic insecurities in shaping prejudicial attitudes, specifically towards East Asians. County-level socioeconomic factors did not moderate the increased prejudicial attitudes toward Hispanics in the workplace. These findings highlight a dimension of prejudice, intensified during the pandemic, which has been largely underreported and therefore missing from the current discourse on this important topic.
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Hina, Mehwish, Tania Sultana, and Sophia Youn. "Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of Atypical Antipsychotics in East Asian Ethnicity." CNS Spectrums 27, no. 2 (April 2022): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852922000529.
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AbstractBackgroundA number of intrinsic (age, gender, physical comorbidities, genetic factors, and ethnicity), and extrinsic factors (diet, concomitant medications, alcohol use, and smoking) influence an individual’s response to psychotropic medications. Data suggest that ethnicity may affect medication efficacy, tolerability, and safety through different pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Asians have been found to have a high frequency of reduced function of CYP2D6 allele (CYP2D6*10), which contributes to the slower metabolism of some medications compared to other ethnic groups. The previous study has shown East Asians appear to have a clinically relevant decrease in clozapine clearance compared with Caucasians. This review will explore the magnitude of the impact of ethnicity, especially the East Asian population on psychotropic medications such as atypical antipsychotics.ObjectiveTo understand the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of atypical antipsychotics in East Asian ethnicity. To emphasize the importance of ethnicity in clinical practice while offering/prescribing atypical antipsychotic medications.DiscussionSeveral previous studies reported the diverse response to the antipsychotics among different ethnicities secondary to differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. One study revealed White Europeans may require higher doses of therapeutic antipsychotics than Asians and Hispanics. Aripiprazole in Asians had a relatively higher rate of akathesia, and a significantly increased risk of tremor compared to placebo. A significantly increased risk of weight gain and fasting total cholesterol from olanzapine were observed in Japanese patients. Olanzapine was also associated with somnolence and dizziness. Quetiapine XR was associated with a significant increase risk of somnolence and dizziness in Chinese patients.ConclusionIt is indicated from previous studies antipsychotics respond in various ways in different ethnicity in terms of metabolism, clearance, and adverse effects. Further research could be beneficial on what is clinically most effective dosing of different antipsychotics among different populations including East Asians.FundingNo funding
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SUH, Man-Koon. "Cosmetic Augmentation Rhinoplasty for East Asians." Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America 29, no. 4 (November 2021): 589–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2021.06.010.
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Raveendran, Maria. "Craniofacial Anthropometric Profile of East Asians." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 30, no. 5 (2019): 1452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000005444.
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Wang, En-Tong. "Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis in East Asians." World Journal of Clinical Cases 2, no. 12 (2014): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v2.i12.873.
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Marques, Patrícia Isabel, Filipa Fonseca, Tânia Sousa, Paulo Santos, Vânia Camilo, Zélia Ferreira, Victor Quesada, and Susana Seixas. "Adaptive Evolution FavoringKLK4Downregulation in East Asians." Molecular Biology and Evolution 33, no. 1 (September 29, 2015): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv199.
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Hoang, Khiet C., Truc Vy Le, and Nathan D. Wong. "The Metabolic Syndrome in East Asians." Journal of the CardioMetabolic Syndrome 2, no. 4 (September 2007): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-4564.2007.07491.x.
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Bahcall, Orli. "Breast cancer associations in east Asians." Nature Genetics 45, no. 4 (March 27, 2013): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.2595.
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Kim, June-Kyu, Jun-Young Jang, Yoon Gi Hong, Hyung Bo Sim, and Sang Hoon Sun. "Deep-Plane Lipoabdominoplasty in East Asians." Archives of Plastic Surgery 43, no. 4 (July 15, 2016): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2016.43.4.352.
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Wang, Michael Y., and Michael Thambuswamy. "Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in non-Asians: demographic, clinical, and radiographic findings in 43 patients." Neurosurgical Focus 30, no. 3 (March 2011): E4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.12.focus10277.
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Object Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a disorder afflicting as many as 2% of East Asians. However, reports of OPLL in non-Asians have been sporadic in the medical literature. This study describes clinical and radiographic findings with OPLL in non-Asians at a tertiary care center treating a diverse multiethnic population. Methods Over a 6-year period, 43 patients not of East Asian descent presented to an urban tertiary medical center with OPLL. Patient data, including ethnicity, spinal cord function, Nurick grade, radiographic findings, OPLL subtype, and degree of cervical stenosis, were recorded. Results The average patient age was 59 years (range 32–92 years) with 18 women and 25 men. There were 22 Caucasian patients, 17 Hispanic patients, and 4 Black patients. With respect to the radiographic findings, OPLL morphology was continuous in 19, segmental in 17, mixed in 6, and other in 1. Average canal diameter was 7.6 mm (range 4.2–9.0 mm) at the most stenotic points. The mean Nurick grade was 2.95 at presentation, but 7 of the patients had OPLL identified incidentally and with early or minimal symptoms and signs of myelopathy. Conclusions Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in non-Asians demonstrates similar demographic and radiographic characteristics as in East Asians. The representation of different ethnic groups mirrors the demographics of the medical center population in general, showing no specific predilection for particular ethnic groups. Surgical decompression in appropriately selected patients results in similar rates of improvement when compared with the Japanese literature.
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Khan, Adnan Ahmed, Raleigh Ayoolu Fatoki, Diane M. Carpenter, Joan C. Lo, and David M. Baer. "Clinical presentation of multiple myeloma by race/ethnicity and Asian subgroup in an integrated healthcare system." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e20012-e20012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e20012.
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e20012 Background: Several US studies have evaluated ethnic differences in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but few have focused on populations other than non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks. We examined ethnic differences in a contemporary cohort of MM patients and their presenting laboratory findings in a large, insured, community-based population, including findings across Asian American subgroups. Methods: Using the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) Cancer Registry, we identified all new cases of MM from 2010-2018 and obtained data on age, sex, race/ethnicity, Asian subgroup, and presenting hemoglobin, calcium, and estimated renal function (eGFR derived from serum creatinine) from health plan databases. Moderate to severe anemia was defined by hemoglobin <10 g/dL, hypercalcemia by calcium >11 mg/dL, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) by eGFR: stage 3 (eGFR 30-59) and stages 4-5 (eGFR <30). MM incidence was estimated using membership denominators. Results: There were 2224 new MM cases (mean age 68y, 60% male) in 2010-2018, with an annual MM incidence of 7.9-9.8/100,000. Table 1 compares presentation by race/ethnicity. Non-Whites (45%) were more likely to present at age <65 than non-Hispanic Whites (30%, p<0.01). Black (43%) and Asian (39%) adults were more likely to present with hemoglobin <10 g/dL than non-Hispanic Whites (27%, p<0.01); Black adults were more likely to present with hemoglobin <10 g/dL than Hispanic adults (31%, p=0.02). Among the primary Asian subgroups, proportions with hemoglobin <10 g/dL were 38% (East Asian), 43% (Filipino), and 45% (South Asian). Blacks were more likely to present with CKD stage 4-5 (19.5%) than other races/ethnicities (p=0.04); differences between White vs non-White or Asian vs non-Asian were not significant. In Asians, 12.7% (South Asian) and 19.0% (Filipino, East Asian) presented with CKD 4-5. Asians were least likely to present with hypercalcemia (6.7%, p=0.03), and this was similar for Asian subgroups. Conclusions: We observed ethnic differences in MM presentation in a large integrated healthcare system. Blacks were more likely to have CKD stage 4-5 and hemoglobin <10 g/dL than non-Hispanic Whites. Asians were more likely to have CKD stage 4-5 than non-Hispanic Whites but least likely to have hypercalcemia. This is one of the first studies to identify Asian subgroups and examine variation across East Asians, Filipinos, and South Asians. Analyses examining ethnic differences in survival among MM patients are in progress.[Table: see text]
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Yoon, Gunwoo, and Patrick T. Vargas. "I See Myself through My Avatar: Evidence from East Asia and North America for Acculturated Effects on Virtual Representation Preference." Asiascape: Digital Asia 3, no. 1-2 (January 20, 2016): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142312-12340049.
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In the present research we argue that avatars, as identity containers, can mirror people’s self-concepts. Research in cultural psychology suggests that East Asians tend to be more tolerant of contradictions and that they more easily adjust their self-concepts in accordance with changing contexts compared to North Americans (see Heine 2001). We therefore assume that preferred forms of avatars among East Asians and North Americans are different because of this self-concept variability across cultures. We conducted a quasi-experiment to explore how people in the two cultures differently evaluate two forms of avatars, human-like and cartoon-like avatars, in terms of likeability and preference. We found that East Asians rated cartoon-like avatars more favourably than North Americans. Moreover, compared to North Americans, East Asians preferred cartoon-like avatars to human-like avatars for their hypothetical avatars to play games. We conclude by discussing implications for future research.
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Raygor, Viraj, Fahim Abbasi, Laura C. Lazzeroni, Sun Kim, Erik Ingelsson, Gerald M. Reaven, and Joshua W. Knowles. "Impact of race/ethnicity on insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridaemia." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 16, no. 2 (March 2019): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164118813890.
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Objective: Insulin sensitivity affects plasma triglyceride concentration and both differ by race/ethnicity. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive assessment of the variation in insulin sensitivity and its relationship to hypertriglyceridaemia between five race/ethnic groups. Research design and methods: In this cross-sectional study, clinical data for 1025 healthy non-Hispanic White, Hispanic White, East Asian, South Asian and African American individuals were analysed. Insulin-mediated glucose disposal (a direct measure of peripheral insulin sensitivity) was measured using the modified insulin suppression test. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of co-variance. Results: Of the study participants, 63% were non-Hispanic White, 9% were Hispanic White, 11% were East Asian, 11% were South Asian and 6% were African American. Overall, non-Hispanic Whites and African Americans displayed greater insulin sensitivity than East Asians and South Asians. Triglyceride concentration was positively associated with insulin resistance in all groups, including African Americans. Nevertheless, for any given level of insulin sensitivity, African Americans had the lowest triglyceride concentrations. Conclusion: Insulin sensitivity, as assessed by a direct measure of insulin-mediated glucose disposal, and its relationship to triglyceride concentration vary across five race/ethnic groups. Understanding these relationships is crucial for accurate cardiovascular risk stratification and prevention.
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Wang, Wenjun, Manyu Ding, Jacob D. Gardner, Yongqiang Wang, Bo Miao, Wu Guo, Xinhua Wu, et al. "Ancient Xinjiang mitogenomes reveal intense admixture with high genetic diversity." Science Advances 7, no. 14 (March 2021): eabd6690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd6690.
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Xinjiang is a key region in northwestern China, connecting East and West Eurasian populations and cultures for thousands of years. To understand the genetic history of Xinjiang, we sequenced 237 complete ancient human mitochondrial genomes from the Bronze Age through Historical Era (41 archaeological sites). Overall, the Bronze Age Xinjiang populations show high diversity and regional genetic affinities with Steppe and northeastern Asian populations along with a deep ancient Siberian connection for the Tarim Basin Xiaohe individuals. In the Iron Age, in general, Steppe-related and northeastern Asian admixture intensified, with North and East Xinjiang populations showing more affinity with northeastern Asians and South Xinjiang populations showing more affinity with Central Asians. The genetic structure observed in the Historical Era of Xinjiang is similar to that in the Iron Age, demonstrating genetic continuity since the Iron Age with some additional genetic admixture with populations surrounding the Xinjiang region.
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Gawronski, Bertram. "What Does the Implicit Association Test Measure? A Test of the Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Prejudice-Related IATs." Experimental Psychology 49, no. 3 (July 2002): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//1618-3169.49.3.171.
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Abstract. Drawing on recent criticism of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the present study tested the convergent and discriminant validity of two prejudice-related IATs to corresponding explicit prejudice measures in a German student sample (N = 61). Confirming convergent validity, (a) an IAT designed to assess negative associations related to Turkish people was significantly related to the explicit endorsement of prejudiced beliefs about Turkish people, and (b) an IAT designed to assess negative associations related to East Asians was significantly related to explicit prejudice against East Asians. Moreover, confirming discriminant validity, (c) the Asian IAT was unrelated to the explicit endorsement of prejudiced beliefs about Turkish people, and (d) the Turkish IAT was unrelated to explicit prejudice against Asian people. These results further corroborate the assumption that the IAT is a valid method to assess the strength of evaluative associations in the domain of prejudice and stereotypes.
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Jeong, Dahn, Mohammad Ehsanul Karim, Stanley Wong, James Wilton, Zahid Ahmad Butt, Mawuena Binka, Prince Asumadu Adu, et al. "Impact of HCV infection and ethnicity on incident type 2 diabetes: findings from a large population-based cohort in British Columbia." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 9, no. 1 (June 2021): e002145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002145.
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IntroductionIncreasing evidence indicates that chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with higher risk of diabetes. Previous studies showed ethnic disparities in the disease burden of diabetes, with increased risk in Asian population. We described the incidence of type 2 diabetes related to HCV infection and assessed the concurrent impact of HCV infection and ethnicity on the risk of diabetes.Research design and methodsIn British Columbia Hepatitis Testers Cohort, individuals were followed from HCV diagnosis to the earliest of (1) incident type 2 diabetes, (2) death or (3) end of the study (December 31, 2015). Study population included 847 021 people. Diabetes incidence rates in people with and without HCV were computed. Propensity scores (PS) analysis was used to assess the impact of HCV infection on newly acquired diabetes. PS-matched dataset included 117 184 people. We used Fine and Gray multivariable subdistributional hazards models to assess the effect of HCV and ethnicity on diabetes while adjusting for confounders and competing risks.ResultsDiabetes incidence rates were higher among people with HCV infection than those without. The highest diabetes incidence rate was in South Asians with HCV (14.7/1000 person-years, 95% CI 12.87 to 16.78). Compared with Others, South Asians with and without HCV and East Asians with HCV had a greater risk of diabetes. In the multivariable stratified analysis, HCV infection was associated with increased diabetes risk in all subgroups: East Asians, adjusted HR (aHR) 3.07 (95% CI 2.43 to 3.88); South Asians, aHR 2.62 (95% CI 2.10 to 3.26); and Others, aHR 2.28 (95% CI 2.15 to 2.42).ConclusionsIn a large population-based linked administrative health data, HCV infection was associated with higher diabetes risk, with a greater relative impact in East Asians. South Asians had the highest risk of diabetes. These findings highlight the need for care and screening for HCV-related chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes among people affected by HCV.
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Li, Wenjun, and Su-I. Hou. "AAA Research Methodology I: Overcoming Linguistic and Cultural Barriers in Aging Research Among Asians." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2952.
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Abstract Asians are the largest and the fastest growing segment of the world population. Asian immigrants are the second largest immigrant population in the U.S. However, their age-related social and health issues are understudied. Because studies on older Asians are often scattered geographically and small-sized and study instruments are usually inconsistent in context, language and culture, it is difficult to synthesize findings from different studies on Asians. Little data exist to support health promotion, policy evaluation and clinical practice in this population. To advance research into aging among Asians, a fundamental step is to create content-relevant, linguistically and culturally appropriate research instruments, and encourage use of these consistent and comparable instruments across studies. This symposium brings together four abstracts that report the development and adaptation of linguistically and culturally appropriate survey instruments for health and behavioral studies in older Asians. The topics range from development of new scales for generative concern and acts in older Singaporeans, assessment of appropriateness of health literacy measurements among East Asian older adults, validation of Health Aging Instrument in Southeastern Asian older adults. Based on the experiences in these studies, the group will discuss the need and strategies to develop an international network to promote resource sharing and research collaborations across geographic boundaries and disciplinary divisions. By bringing together the isolated but talented Asian health researchers, the new network may accelerate the growth of research on Aging Among Asians. This symposium is a collaborative effort of the Aging Among Asians Interest Group.
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Saito, Isao, Koutatsu Maruyama, and Eri Eguchi. "C-Reactive Protein and Cardiovascular Disease in East Asians: A Systematic Review." Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology 8s3 (January 2014): CMC.S17066. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmc.s17066.
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Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Caucasians; however, evidence is lacking for East Asians, who have low CRP levels. PubMed and Google Scholar searches were conducted (1966 through September 2014), and eight prospective studies in East Asian countries (China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Macao, Mongolia, and Taiwan) that documented risk ratios of elevated CRP for CVD were included for meta-analysis with random-effects models. The overall association between CRP levels and stroke was significant in six studies (risk ratio = 1.40 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.10-1.77], P = 0.008). The association with ischemic stroke was more evident in subgroup analyses. For coronary heart disease (CHD) and CVD, the risk ratio was 1.75 (95% CI, 0.96-3.19, P = 0.07) and 1.76 (95% CI, 1.29-2.40, P < 0.001), respectively. Although East Asians have low CRP levels, this meta-analysis shows that elevated CRP levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke, primarily ischemic stroke.