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1
Banerjee, Rajyasree. "Problems and prospects of flori culture in selected regions of East and North-East Himalayas." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2589.
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2
Dalrymple, Nolan. "North-east childhoods : regional identity in children's novels of the North East of England." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/890.
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This thesis explores how children's writers have participated in the process of representing and constructing the identity of the North East of England. It argues that there exists a dominant North-East aesthetic which has become deeply embedded within British children's fiction, and that several of its key motifs (labour, industry and decline; traditional gender roles and landscape) recur frequently within portrayals of the region in writing for the young. This aesthetic contributes to a perception of the region as both marginal and marginalised, and masks realities about the North East. Following an overview of children's literature set in the region, from the late nineteenth to the early twenty-first centuries, the focus moves to the work of Robert Westall, a major children's writer who was born in Tyneside and set much of h'is fiction within the region. The Westall chapters draw on the Robert Westall Collection at Seven Stories: The Centre for Children's Books. The more recent work of North-East writer David Almond is considered in the closing chapters which also draw on unpublished material and interviews for this thesis. Key works discussed: Robert Westall, Falling into Glory, Fathom Five, The Kingdom by the Sea, The Machine Gunners, A Time of Fire, The Wind Eye, The Watch House; David Almond, Clay, The Fire-Eaters, Heaven Eyes, Kit's Wilderness, My Dad's a Birdman, The Savage, Secret Heart, Skellig.
3
Jex, Catherine Nancy. "Speleothem palaeoclimate reconstructions from North East Turkey." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.757605.
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4
Jordan, Richard William. "Coccolithophorid communities in the North-East Atlantic." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/814123/.
Full textAbstract:
Caccolithopliorids are important members of phytoplankton communities in most parts of the world's oceans. The formation, release and flux of the calcite scales (coccoliths) of these organisms over millions of years, has led to sedimentary deposits of great geological significance. The reporting of immense blooms of coccolithophorids by satellite photography and their passible involvement in atmospheric sulphur emissions has emphasised the necessity for further information on their distribution and ecology. During an extensive sampling programme in the N.E. Atlantic, water samples were collected throughout the photic zone at 30 stations. Scanning electron microscopy of filtered water samples enabled coccolithophorid family and species distributions to be compiled. It was found that certain species assemblages could be assigned to distinct biogeographic zones and that these zones closely conformed to the movements of the N. Atlantic surface currents. However, at the Azores Front it was shown that a transitional region existed between the cold and warm water masses, where the flora of each zone could be found. Detailed studies of coccolithophorid vertical distribution has shown that most species can be assigned to discrete depth bands within the euphotic zone. Furthermore, it was noticed that in two species which have no depth preference, the degree of calcification increased with depth. One of these species, E. huxleyi, displayed two ecomorphotypic variants differing in their calcification, size and morphology. During two east to west transects it was noticed that the halocaccolitiiophorid numbers increased towards the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. A number of new species are described and current taxonomic problems reviewed.
5
Fantin, Shaneen Rae. "Housing Aboriginal culture in North-East Arnhem Land /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17564.pdf.
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6
Skovsted, Christian B. "The Early Cambrian Fauna of North-East Greenland." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3910.
Full textAbstract:
Small shelly fossils are common in sediments of Early Cambrian age and include the earliest common representatives of metazoan animals with mineralized hard parts. The group includes fossils of very different morphology, composition and ultrastructure. They seem to represent skeletal remains of numerous animal groups, the biological affinities of which are largely unresolved. However, the wide geographic range of many forms has the potential to enhance biostratigraphic and palaeogeographic resolution in the Early Cambrian.
The late Early Cambrian sequence of North-East Greenland has yielded an assemblage of more than 88 species of small shelly fossils, brachiopods and trilobites, indicative of a middle Dyeran age (Botoman equivalent). The recovered fossils include a number of species that are known from other Early Cambrian palaeocontinents, and particularly strong ties to late Early Cambrian faunas of Australia are documented. The many cosmopolitan taxa thus identified suggests a close juxtaposition of palaeocontinents at this time.
The systematic affinity of many of these small shelly fossils is poorly understood, partly because of their fragmentary nature and poor preservation. However, new data from North-East Greenland improves our understanding of the function and biological affinity of certain taxa. Collections of the problematic fossil Mongolitubulus from North and North-East Greenland exhibit characters indicative of a defensive function as spines of bivalved arthropods, while species of the problematic genus Triplicatella represent the opercula of an unknown tubular shell, probably related to orthothecid hyoliths. The bivalved fossil Mickwitzia from North-East Greenland combines characters of linguliform brachiopods and sclerites of Micrina, a non-bivalved problematic form (halkieriid) from Australia. The combination suggests that Mickwitzia is a stem group brachiopod and strengthens arguments for a halkieriid ancestry of the brachiopod phylum.
7
Adderley, William Paul. "Vertisolic soils under agroforestry in north east Nigeria." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263176.
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8
Barrow, Anthony. "The North-East coast whale fishery 1750-1850." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328595.
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9
Pattinson, Sarah N. "Denitrification within riverine systems of north-east England." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4558/.
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This study was undertaken to investigate denitrification and nitrous oxide production in sediments and the key environmental factors influencing these within selected river systems of the LOIS (Land-Ocean Interaction Study) area in North-East England and southern Scotland. Seasonal and spatial trends were evident in both environmental and denitrification data measured monthly for 1.5 years along the Swale-Ouse system from source to tidal limits. Denitrification, measured in sediment cores using acetylene inhibition and expressed by unit area of sediment, increased with distance from source down to freshwater tidal limits. Results from a supplementary survey of the freshwater tidal reaches of the Yorkshire Ouse showed a decrease from the tidal limits. Denitrification activity showed a spring (March to May) peak, particularly in the lowland sites. The highest rate (883±134 µmol N m(^-2) h(^-1)) was measured on the River Wiske, a highly eutrophic lowland tributary to the Swale. A high degree of colinearity was evident between environmental variables, although a significant relationship between denitrification, nitrate and temperature was found through multiple regression. For comparison, measurements were made in the less populated Tweed river system. The seasonal and spatial trends evident in both the environmental and denitrification data from the River Tweed, under a more limited sampling programme, were generally consistent with those observed in the Swale-Ouse system. An intensive field investigation of 50 river sites showed that both potential denitrification rate and N(_2)O production in sediment slurries were positively correlated with nitrate water concentration, sediment water content and percentage of fine (<100 µm) sediment particles. An experimental study investigating the kinetic parameters for denitrification, found that sediment cores taken along the Swale-Ouse exhibited a saturation type curve with added nitrate. Apparent affinity and estimates of apparent maximum velocity for mixed populations of denitrifying bacteria showed an increase on moving downstream and were highest on the Wiske.
10
Hart, J. K. "The genesis of the North East Norfolk Drift." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379812.
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11
Craig, Kate. "Inherited ataxia in the North East of England." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421185.
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12
Stratigos, Michael J. "Crannogs in north-east Scotland : understanding the resource." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235415.
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13
Maurais, Victoria Dannals. "East meets east : a comparative study of North American and Eurasian creation mythology and its implications." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 1992. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/100.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Anthropology
14
Carter, Richard C. "Water resources and water management in north east Nigeria." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11117.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses some aspects of shallow groundwater resources, and the wider issues of water resources use and allocation, in the Yobe river basin, north east Nigeria. The studies reported here were carried out in the context of a research linkage, between a Nigerian and a British _University, set up explicitly to support a large rural development programme. This is probably the first time strategic academic research and regional development have been linked on such a scale in the region. ' Despite significant investment in the past in irrigation and other water resource developments, basic data on land and water resources, and their present use, are limited. Short term studies by Consultants have proved to be no substitute for long term routine monitoring, together with good natural and social science research. « 4 Priority research needs are identified in the sciences of climatology and hydrology, and in the use and management of water in the region. There is very limited knowledge of climatic and hydrological change over the last few decades, and almost total ignorance of the existing ' water uses, their economic value, and the efficiency or otherwise of traditional water management practices. The main issues addressed in the thesis are (i) the shallow groundwater resources of the Manga Grasslands, a upland dunefield, and the Yobe river valley floodplain or fadama, and (ii) the allocation of water resources, especially in the context of large irrigation demands. _ The thesis is presented in the form of six papers -(5 published, one submitted for publication), with a extended introduction (Chapter 1) and a short conclusion (Chapter 8). The main findings and conclusions of the work are that: (i) groundwater recharge to the upland is almost certainly much larger than present abstractions; (ii) groundwater recharge to the floodplains is small compared to present regional shallow groundwater abstraction; (iii) development of shallow groundwater resources for irrigation in the Manga Grasslands would be most inadvisable because of resource limitations and salinity hazards; (iv) limited development of small scale irrigation, together with careful monitoring and modelling should go ahead in the Yobe fadana; (v) the remaining questions concerning the mechanisms and magnitude of groundwater recharge throughout the region need to be resolved a a matter of urgency; (vi) water allocation policy can be developed rationally, based on clear objectives and criteria, a good research base, and transparency of motive.
15
Williams, Thomas Wyn. "The Conservative Party in North-East Wales, 1906-1924." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/72473.
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Between 1906 and 1924 the Conservative party only won three parliamentary elections in North-east Wales - the Denbigh Boroughs division twice in 1910 and the county seat in Flintshire in 1924. Conversely the Liberal party won all the other elections throughout the period, with the exception of Wrexham which fell to Labour in 1922 and 1923. This, however, says more about the vagaries of the British 'first past the post' electoral system than it does about the true strength of the political parties in the region. Indeed, between 1906 and 1924 the Conservative party never averaged below 39 per cent of the electorate in the constituencies it contested. Given this impressive but unrecognised electoral position, what this study set out to do was to analyse the strength of Conservatism in a region where failure was the norm. The period was chosen because it saw the last Liberal administration in this country, and marked the start of the Conservative dominance of government for much of the twentieth century. It also saw one of the biggest cultural and social upheavals in British history with the advent of the First World War, and witnessed the enfranchisement of women for the first time.The general election of 1906 returned no Conservatives for Wales. In North Wales a conference was called to examine the situation and evaluate future prospects. This led to a review of party organisation in the region, the intention being not only to attract more working class people and women, but also to lessen the autocratic domination by the landed classes. In 1910 the Conservatives won the Denbigh Boroughs constituency with a large swing against the Liberals, and came very close to winning the Flint Boroughs by-election of 1913. The period of War, 1914-1918, saw all political parties moth-balled until the end of hostilities, but during the period of Coalition Government from 1918 to 1922 in which Liberal representation went almost unchallenged in North-east Wales, the Conservatives reorganised their Constituency Associations. By 1924 the landed domination of the party had diminished significantly, and in Flintshire the Conservatives won their first seat in an industrial working class area.Underpinning this success was a long-standing popular support, which after 1906 was better organised and mobilised for the Conservative cause through a variety of loosely attached organisations, societies and clubs. The Primrose League, an organisation that had been founded in 1883 to rally Conservative support, had a very high membership in the region compared to the rest of Wales. For example, the Denbigh Primrose League had over 800 members in 1912. A network of Conservative clubs existed in the region and as early as 1905 a thriving Workingmen's Association had been founded in Wrexham. The Conservative party was also well represented in local government; in Flintshire between 1907 and 1913 it had more county councillors than the Liberal party. In addition, the upheaval of War and the attraction of socialism to the newly enfranchised masses meant that the Conservative party had to widen its appeal to those people who had acquired the vote in 1918. By recruiting women and working class members the Conservative party was able to lay the foundations for a number of parliamentary successes in North-east Wales that lasted until the 1990s. It is therefore the contention of this thesis that the Conservative party not only survived a very difficult period, but that it emerged a strengthened and invigorated force.
16
Bunn, Leanne. "Changing landscapes : Norman Cornish and North East regional identity." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2010. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3677/.
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This thesis examines the work of the Durham pitman and artist Norman Cornish whilst analysing the economic and cultural climate which has promoted and sustained his career as a regional artist for over seventy years. Cornish’s depiction of mining life remains widely acknowledged by regional patrons and the local media as an iconic representation of the distinctiveness of North East mining communities. The fact that his work continues to receive considerable media attention whilst maintaining a strong patronage within the region, promotes several issues relating to the understanding of regional culture and identity. Why has Cornish’s work remained so enduringly popular and what does this reveal about the dynamics of North East regional culture? This research considers the interpretation and patronage of Cornish’s work during key periods of the region’s development and in doing so provides the first sustained study of Cornish’s career in relation to regional cultural identity. Industrialisation, economic change, concepts of community and nostalgia are all recognised as fundamental factors which have shaped the region’s cultural identity during the twentieth century. Essentially, it is argued that a sense of ‘Northernness’ is crucial to Cornish’s regional popularity. Significantly, this thesis identifies a variation between Cornish’s regional and national popularity. The artist’s strong local appeal has not been replicated consistently on a broader national level. It is suggested that the varying national interest in Cornish’s career should be considered in relation to wider artistic trends as well as patronage from organisations such as the National Coal Board. On a regional level, a large proportion of Cornish’s continued appeal to local audiences can be attributed to the sympathetic response from the regional media. Whilst the study of regional identity within the scope of visual culture is by no means a new or impoverished field, this study adopts a thematic treatment of culture, identity and representation, in order to understand the contribution of visual culture to regional identity during the twentieth century. By dealing with visual culture in its broadest and most fluid sense, this study consults both social and cultural history sources alongside art historical perspectives.
17
Jones, Eleanor Patricia. "The House Mouse in the North East Atlantic Region." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521164.
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18
Bennison, Brian Robert. "The brewing trade in North East England 1869-1939." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/199.
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The thesis traces the evolution of the North East brewing trade from the introduction of restrictive licensing in 1869 through to the outbreak of the Second World War. Part One assesses the state of North East brewing c.1869 with respect to brewing practice and technology, the structure of the trade, the degree of public regulation and public concern, and the competitive environment, especially regional products and the role of imports from outside the North East. Part Two, covering 1870-1890, deals with two main issues : the organisation of production, including the structure of the trade and the size and arrangement of breweries, and competition in the context of attempts by brewers in the region to meet the competitive challenge from outside brewers through greater involvement in the retail sector and through the strengthening of management, improved products and marketing. Part Three, covering 1891-1914, looks at the changing structure of the trade as a result of concentration of ownership, incorporation, rationalisation, and further integration into retailing. The increasingly complex competitive environment, the more professional approach to management and financial performance are also discussed. Part Four, covering 1914-1920, considers the organisation of the trade, competition and performance in the particular circumstances of strict government regulation. Part Five, covering 1921-1939, deals in the first instance with structural change, both in production and the retail trade, against the background of overall contraction in the industry. Secondly, competition and performance during the period are discussed; the changing competitive environment with respect to counter—attractions and the brewers' response of improving public houses and advertising, and performance in the context of the difficult economic climate. Finally, some general conclusions are drawn about the overall pattern of structural change, developments in competitive and market behaviour, and performance; about the causal relationship between these factors; and about the determining influence of takeover and merger.
19
Jones, Peter. "The Irish in north-east Wales 1851 to 1881." Thesis, University of Chester, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/72094.
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This study derives from the interest of recent years in the Irish during the late Victorian period in the smaller towns of Britain. Much work has been done on the Irish in the larger conurbations of industrial England and Scotland, particularly in the 1830s and 1840s - work that has overshadowed the experience of the Irish elsewhere, skewing the historiography and locking the migrants into a huddled mass in a northern city. However, the 'Wild Milesians' of Thomas Carlyle, living cheek-by-jowl with Engels's pig in the slums of Liverpool and Manchester, have come to be seen as less than typical of the Irish, especially the second and third generations of the migrants living in provincial towns. Furthermore, the representation of the Irish as uniformly poor, wretched and Catholic has been revised. Again, the phenomenon of 'ethnic fade' was assumed to have occurred as the nineteenth century progressed, so that after the initial troubled years, the Irish merged with the 'host' population. However, differing rates and degrees of assimilation have been revealed; indeed, religious and political differences among the Irish themselves, frequently violent in their expression, were often defining characteristics of Irishness. Following in the footsteps of micro - studies of the Irish in the regions and smaller towns, this study aims to examine the experience of the Irish in the later nineteenth century in an area hitherto neglected in the historiography, namely, North-East Wales, with particular reference to the towns of Wrexham, Mold, Holywell and Flint.
20
Bugri, John Tiah. "Land tenure and sustainable livelihoods in north-east Ghana." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2005. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6120/.
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Many authors have blamed African land tenure systems for the poor agricultural production and environmental degradation in sub-Saharan Africa, and therefore the resulting hunger, environmental refugees and the lack of socio-economic progress. The aim of this investigation was to investigate the customary and statutory tenure practices in north-east Ghana and their implications for agricultural production and environmental degradation and recommend ways of improving tenurial practices. The study revealed that contrary to the mainstream view that lack of security of customary land tenure is the main cause of the poor agricultural production and environmental degradation, stakeholders’ perceptions of their security of tenure was generally high. Stakeholders’ religious background, gender, levels of education, age, occupation and community membership status were important factors influencing their perceptions and attitudes to land tenure, and land and environmental management practices. Yet poor agricultural production and environmental degradation characterised the study area. Interviewees perceived the main causes to be due to non-tenurial factors including lack of finance, poor soil fertility, inadequate and unreliable rainfall, pests and diseases, inadequate farmlands, bush burning and excessive tree cutting. It was also shown in the study that women and strangers generally had little or no power and control over land use decision-making and management under customary land tenure. These findings have negative implications for tenurial conditions, environmental and livelihood sustainability in north-east Ghana since most women are involved in food production. Results of the investigation were used to develop a participatory and holistic approach to land use and management and developed an integrated framework of customary and statutory tenure as a way forward in sustainable land management and the provision of sustainable livelihoods in north-east Ghana in particular, and sub-Saharan Africa generally. The study has contributed to an understanding of the political ecology of north-east Ghana and concludes that the emerging changes in land resource access and use have conflicts as an inevitable element of the process, which broad-based stakeholder participation provides a useful solution.
21
Ahwaidi, G. M. A. "Factors affecting recent vegetation change in north-east Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/44560/.
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Over the last few decades global warming and human intervention have led to changes and deterioration in natural vegetation across the world. The Al Jabal Al Akhdar, in north east Libya, is one of those areas that have experienced changes in land cover. This region has environmental and economic importance in providing suitable habitat for wildlife and providing services for local communities and cities in the Libyan Desert. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the factors which have affected vegetation cover change in the Al Jabal Al Akhdar region over the last 42 years. There were three key objectives to this research: (1) to assess changes in natural and semi-natural vegetation cover in the north-east of Libya using forty years of satellite image data, (2) to assess land cover change and the effects of human activities in the study area over a period of 42 years, (3) to assess the factors affecting vegetation change in the study area. A further objective was to assess climate change in the study area using the climate data which was available from three climatic stations as climate change may be responsible for vegetation cover change in the areas that have low human activity. To address these objectives, remote sensing techniques were used to assess vegetation cover change and the changes in human activity from 1972 to the present. Satellite images provide data that cannot be collected by traditional methods and provide a historical archive of what the landscape looked like in the past. This study used multi-temporal Landsat images, which are freely available, for the period from 1972 to the present and provide the key temporal record of vegetation change on the Earth. Vegetation Indices (NDVI, SAVI and EVI), derived from the spectral reflectance of leaves and canopies, were used to assess the changes in vegetation cover over time. Image classification was also used to characterise the nature of land cover change, in particular the impact of human intervention. A key finding related to Objective (1) was that some areas have experienced a statistically significant change in vegetation indices over the 42 years which was interpreted as a change in vegetation cover in the areas in question. A key conclusion related to Objective (2) was that land cover had changed in the study area over the period of study. The influence of human activities was exerted through increased land use and decreased areas of forest and shrubland in the region. The outputs of the above-mentioned objectives and the effects of climate change were used to assess Objective (3), to detect which factors caused vegetation cover change in the Al Jabal Al Akhdar region. The main factors causing vegetation change were the effects of human activities in the areas adjacent to human settlements, while in the sparsely populated areas in the south of the study area, vegetation cover changes may be related to recent climate change. In conclusion, although the number of available Landsat images used to delineate the changes in vegetation cover was limited, the methods used to interpret the images for vegetation indices and image classification were invaluable in determining important results for the objectives of the thesis. The results obtained from assessing vegetation cover and land cover change and patterns of changes are major steps towards filling the information gap and creating a database for monitoring land cover in the study area. This effort will contribute towards facilitating decision-making on mitigating the impact of land use dynamics on land cover as well as provide a basis for future research.
22
Selwyn, Benjamin. "Export grape production and development in North East Brazil." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528970.
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The expansion of global fresh fruit markets has created opportunities for previously underdeveloped regions to integrate themselves into the world economy in new ways. One example is the recent formation and rapid growth of the grape branch of the fruiticulture sector in the sao Francisco valley, North East Brazil. This is based upon a very high level of federal state intervention in creating and managing irrigation districts. In addition, the activities of public and private actors in coordinating export production, and promoting cooperation amongst farms, has had, and continues to have, significant developmental impacts in the region. This thesis utilises a global commodity chains approach to investigate the formation and functioning of the branch, which must meet increasingly high international public and private standards and requirements to participate in higher value horticultural commodity chains. This translates into an increasingly rigorous production process with significant demands on technology, knowledge, and labour processes. Different sized and capitalised farms can meet these standards and requirements in different ways. Some larger more highly capitalised farms finance their own research and development, and investments in human and physical capital. Other large farms, as well as smaller, less capitalised ones group together to meet the requirements, and in so doing enjoy economies of scale, and the generation and exchange of tacit knowledge. The thesis shows that cooperatives, marketing boards and marketing firms help organise farms, and play an important role in their participation in high value commodity chains. The thesis also provides an account o flab our in the Sao Francisco grape branch, and proposes that issues of labour be more fully integrated in the global commodity chains approach which has so far largely neglected them.
23
Hill, Evan Anthony. "Radiocarbon dating of terrestrial molluscs in North East Libya." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680076.
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This thesis investigates the potential of using terrestrial molluscs for radiocarbon dating of archaeological sediments. The sequence at the Haua Fteah, Cyrenaica, in Libya provides a case study. Two strands of study were undertaken as part of the ERC funded Cyrenaica Prehistory Project: the examination of the present day radiocarbon ecology of species in the region; and an analysis of archaeological shell from the Haua Fteah cave with the aim of developing a high-resolution chronology for the upper portions of the site. Previously, the dating for many of the key lithic technological phases in the region has been reliant on a patchwork of sites which were anchored by relatively poor dating on a very small number of long sequences, of which the Haua Fteah is one of the most significant. Based on the findings of the modern study, an age offset of 584 ± 170 14C years BP was adopted for the correction of the shell reservoir effect in archaeological Helix melanostoma.The radiocarbon dating of archaeological shell from the Haua Fteah and Hagfet et Gama at a very high stratigraphic resolution found that a complex chronological pattern wf=ls present, with frequent dating reversals through the late quaternary sequence. The high resolution dating of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene archaeological sequence in the Haua Fteah provides the first truly detailed chronological analysis of the stratigraphy within the cave and has significantly improved our understanding of the relationship between key archaeological phases (Mousterian/MSA, Dabban/Upper Palaeolithic, Oranian and Capsian/Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic) at this site. It can therefore be concluded that the radiocarbon dating of archaeological shell has great promise when underpinned by radiocarbon ecological assessment of target species.
24
Carter, R. "Water resources and water management in North East Nigeria." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11117.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses some aspects of shallow groundwater resources, and the wider issues of
water resources use and allocation, in the Yobe river basin, north east Nigeria. The studies
reported here were carried out in the context of a research linkage, between a Nigerian and a
British
_University, set up explicitly to support a large rural development programme. This is
probably the first time strategic academic research and regional development have been linked
on such a scale in the region. '
Despite significant investment in the past in irrigation and other water resource developments,
basic data on land and water resources, and their present use, are limited. Short term studies
by Consultants have proved to be no substitute for long term routine monitoring, together with
good natural and social science research. « 4
Priority research needs are identified in the sciences of climatology and hydrology, and in the
use and
management of water in the region. There is very limited knowledge of climatic and
hydrological change over the last few decades, and almost total ignorance of the existing '
water uses, their economic value, and the efficiency or otherwise of traditional water
management practices.
The main issues addressed in the thesis are (i) the shallow groundwater resources of the
Manga Grasslands, a upland dunefield, and the Yobe river valley floodplain or fadama, and
(ii) the allocation of water resources, especially in the context of large irrigation demands. _
The thesis is
presented in the form of six papers -(5 published, one submitted for publication),
with a extended introduction (Chapter 1) and a short conclusion (Chapter 8).
The main
findings and conclusions of the work are that: (i) groundwater recharge to the
upland is almost certainly much larger than present abstractions; (ii) groundwater recharge to
the
floodplains is small compared to present regional shallow groundwater abstraction; (iii)
development of shallow groundwater resources for irrigation in the Manga Grasslands would
be most inadvisable because of resource limitations and salinity hazards; (iv) limited
development of small scale irrigation, together with careful monitoring and modelling should
go ahead in the Yobe fadana; (v) the remaining questions concerning the mechanisms and
magnitude of groundwater recharge throughout the region need to be resolved a a matter of
urgency; (vi) water allocation policy can be developed rationally, based on clear objectives
and criteria, a good research base, and transparency of motive.
25
Doherty, Philip David. "Basking shark movement ecology in the north-east Atlantic." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/27996.
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Large marine vertebrate species can exhibit vast movements, both horizontally and vertically, which challenges our ability to observe their behaviours at extended time-scales. There is a growing need to understand the intra- and inter-annual movements of mobile marine species of conservation concern in order to develop effective management strategies. The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) is the world's second largest fish species, however, a comprehensive understanding of this species’ ecology, biology and spatial behaviour in the north-east Atlantic is currently lacking. This thesis seeks to investigate the movement ecology of basking sharks using a suite of technologies to integrate biologging, biotelemetry, remotely sensed data, and ecological modelling techniques. I use satellite telemetry data from basking sharks tracked in 2012, 2013 and 2014 to quantify movements in coastal waters off the west coast of Scotland within the Sea of the Hebrides proposed MPA. Sharks exhibited seasonal residency to the proposed MPA, with three long-term tracked basking sharks demonstrating inter-annual site fidelity, returning to the same coastal waters in the year following tag deployment (Chapter 2). I reveal that sharks tracked into winter months exhibit one of three migration strategies spanning nine geo-political zones and the High Seas, demonstrating the need for multi-national cooperation in the management of this species across its range (Chapter 3). I examine the vertical space-use of basking sharks to improve an understanding of the processes that influence movements in all dimensions. Basking sharks exhibit seasonality in depth-use, conduct deep dives to over 1000 m, and alter their depth-use behaviour in order to remain within thermal niche of between 8 and 16 oC (Chapter 4). Finally, I combine contemporaneous data recorded by deployed satellite tags with remotely sensed environmental data to employ novel ecological modelling techniques to predict suitable habitat for basking sharks throughout the Atlantic Ocean (Chapter 5).
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Al-Enezi, A. "Morphodynamics and sedimentology of falling dunes in north east Kuwait." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249315.
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Harman, Rebecca. "Long term denudation of the cratons of north east Brazil." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325490.
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Ferreira, Da Silva Ana Catarina. "Predation by crabs on rocky shores in north-east Atlantic." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1993.
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Highly mobile predators are known to have an important influence on shallow-water habitats. There is, however, little information about the role of crabs on the ecology of rocky shores. Here I examine the extent and consequences of predation by crabs on shores in the North-East Atlantic. The specific aims of this thesis are to: investigate spatial variation in use of the intertidal by crabs along a horizontal gradient of exposure to wave action and a vertical gradient of tidal elevation; assess their use of the intertidal as a feeding area by examining stomach content composition; examine the extent of connectivity between the subtidal and intertidal habitats as a consequence of predation by crabs, investigate the ecological role of crabs as predators in the intertidal, and to assess the importance of behavioral and morphological factors in determining the outcomes of these predator-prey interactions. Field sampling showed that on shores in southwest Britain, the abundance of Carcinus maenas, Necora puber and Cancer pagurus varied between high and low-tide, with the vertical gradient of tidal height and horizontal gradient of exposure to wave action. Crabs were typically more abundant on the lower shore than on the upper shore. C. maenas and N. puber were more abundant on sheltered shores than on exposed shores, while C. pagurus showed the opposite pattern. Individuals captured at high-tide were on average larger than those captured at low-tide. Stomach content analysis of individuals captured with traps at high-tide showed that all three crabs feed on intertidal prey including limpets, chitons and algae. In a mark-recapture field experiment, I demonstrate the migration of sublittoral crabs into the intertidal during high-tide. Subsequent manipulative field experiments showed that predation by crabs can have a considerable effect on abundance of limpets. Laboratory experiments showed that Necora puber has a preference for smaller limpets, indicating that the population structure of these grazers may also be modulated by predation. On shores of differing exposure in Portugal I examine cheliped morphological variation of Eriphia verrucosa in response to variation in prey abundance. Chelipeds were typically larger on exposed shores, where hard shelled prey such as mussels were more abundant than they were on sheltered shores, which were dominated by chitons and algae. Predation by crabs therefore appears to have an important ecological role in shallow-water habitats by influencing intertidal prey populations and establishing an important trophic link between intertidal and subtidal habitats. The implication of predation by crabs on the ecology of rocky shores is discussed.
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Speed, Mark. "The isotope hydrology of the River Dee, North East Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=182254.
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Identifying how the dominant runoff processes of sub-catchments integrate to determine hydrological responses at larger scales (> 1000 km2) remains a major challenge in hydrology. At these larger scales, major environmental differences such as climate, geology and land use may have increased influence on runoff dynamics. While process investigations at smaller scales (< 10km2) have been important in establishing the influence of topography and soils on runoff generation, more research at larger spatial scales is needed, since it is at such scales where important water management decisions are made in relation to applied problems such as floods and droughts. Tracers, such as stable isotopes of water, have proven utility as tools since they reflect the integration of processes at much smaller scales. In addition, geochemical tracers, such as alkalinity, help identify the geographical sources of runoff in larger catchments. This thesis focuses on their use to study catchment hydrological processes in the River Dee (~2,100 km2), NE Scotland, and to determine how these processes integrate at larger scales. Runoff from soil derived hydrological responsive pathways dominates during high flow facilitating a relatively rapid translation of precipitation isotope signatures into the channel network. Increased coverage of responsive soils resulted in reduced Mean Transit Time (MTT) estimates. High coverage of freely draining soils and certain landscape features often resulted in greater MTT estimates. Small scale heterogeneity appears to be averaged out at larger scales with MTTs indicating that the montane headwaters of the river are the dominant source of runoff. Transit Time Distributions (TTDs) suggest that catchment waters may have transit times of less than 2 weeks during high flows and greater than 10 years in summer baseflows.
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Liu, Nan. "An economic analysis of the North East Scotland housing market." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=167780.
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This study focuses on one particular local housing market in North East Scotland, and proposes an effective approach to understanding a number of aspects of the study area. The main dataset was obtained from the Aberdeen Solicitors Property Centre, which was then combined with Land Value Information Unit data and Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics to provide rich information on the dwellings listed on the market from April 1984 to June 2010. In addition, local market practitioners were interviewed. The study finds the study area has a spatial hierarchy structure – housing attributes have different effects on house prices in Aberdeen city, city suburb, accessible rural in Aberdeenshire, and remote rural areas. Each spatial submarket is further divided into five segments according to dwellings’ qualities to see the effect of counter-urbanisation on both rural and urban housing markets. The theoretical analysis suggests that an external demand shock for a particular type of housing in the rural housing market is likely to trigger house unit filtering as well as households filtering if new constructions are allowed, and/or conversion cost is low, and/or cross-price elasticity if demand is high. This theoretical analysis is supported by descriptive statistics and causality test results. The study also finds that pricing strategy has a significant impact on transaction price. Decomposition modelling results suggest properties sold under the closed bid “offers over” system sell 20%- 40% more than those sold under “fixed price”. This advantage of the “offers over” system however, may be counteracted if the property stays on the market over three months. As the survival analysis shows that although “offers over” properties sell faster at the beginning of the list, “fixed price” is more favourable if the property has been on the market for a relatively long time. Findings are likely to change as a result of the introduction of the Home Report. The study finds Home Report has eliminated the advantage of the “offers over” pricing system from the selling price view point.
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Thomson, Katie Hannah. "Earthquakes and sea-level change in Hokkaido, north-east Japan." Thesis, Durham University, 2009. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/143/.
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This thesis details the results of an investigation into the pattern of relative sea-level (RSL) changes in north-east Hokkaido, Japan. The aim of the research is to better understand the importance of seismic and non-seismic processes in controlling spatial patterns of vertical land motions over a range of timescales. The main focus is on using salt-marsh sediments as a source of data to reconstruct RSL change during the current interseismic period, since c. 300 calibrated years before present (cal. yr BP). Previous research on the Pacific coast of Hokkaido suggests that this period is characterised by subsidence caused by strain accumulation on the locked part of the Pacific/North American plates. I apply foraminiferal-based methods of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction to develop, using transfer functions, quantitative reconstructions of RSL change at five sites in north-east Hokkaido. Contemporary foraminifera are zoned with respect to elevation and tidal inundation, and my preferred transfer function (a model that contains 87 samples and 24 taxa) has a prediction r2 of 0.75 and a root mean squared error of prediction of ± 0.32 m. I apply this transfer function to shallow fossil sediment sequences at five salt marshes and use a combination of 210Pb, 137Cs and tephra chronology to establish age models for the sequences. The reconstructions are consistent in demonstrating little net RSL change during the last 300-100 cal. yrs, with the exception of data from one site, Sarfutsu-toh, located on the northern tip of Hokkaido. Chronologies from two profiles developed on the Pacific coast record strong evidence for recent RSL rise since the mid-1980s, but during earlier periods of the 20th century reconstructed RSL was stable or falling. I compare my reconstructions with other direct and proxy records of land and sea-level motions. Previously published GPS and repeat levelling data indicates subsidence in south-east Hokkaido during the 20th century, although the spatial patterns and rates of change have varied. An unknown amount of this subsidence at the Kushiro tide gauge likely reflects anthropogenic activities associated with sediment compaction as well as mining-induced subsidence. An analysis of the tide-gauge records from Hokkaido show a more varied pattern of land motions, although they also confirm subsidence on the Pacific coast, close to the Kuril trench. A database of Holocene sea-level index points provides insights into longer-term millennial-scale trends in RSL. Data from six regions of Hokkaido demonstrate stable RSL close to present during the mid- and late Holocene; only the northern tip of Hokkaido (around Sarubetsu) is there evidence for a small mid-Holocene highstand of 1-3 m above present. Finally, a review of Pleistocene raised marine terrace data shows net uplift over the last c. 330 k yr, with two areas of particularly high uplift at Abashiri and on the Pacific coast near Kushiro. The evidence presented in this research demonstrates that it is incorrect to infer that the current interseismic period is characterised by subsidence. Overall, RSL has changed little in the last 300-100 cal. yrs. The subsidence recorded in the mid- and late 20th century on the Pacific coast of Hokkaido is not typical of the full interseismic period, nor can it have been sustained over Holocene or Pleistocene timescales. Limited data from previous earthquake cycles indicate that RSL was stable, rising or falling during previous interseismic intervals. These observations suggest that a representative ‘Hokkaido earthquake deformation cycle’ may not exist. Future research should better understand the controls of Quaternary volcanic activity on regional deformation patterns, and apply microfossil-based techniques to multiple earthquake cycles at sites to help define the spatial extent of land motions associated with different events.
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Banham, John David. "Business development and banking in North East England 1755-1839." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361969.
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Liddle, Joyce. "A regional regime? : regeneration in the North East of England." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2840/.
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This dissertation is set in the North East (NE) of England and demonstrates how an experimental form of elite governance, characterised by multi-level, intra and inter-agency negotiation and co-ordination developed within complex and ambiguous socio-political structures and traditional hierarchies to deal with unmet social and economic needs. This emergent form of entrepreneurial governance has resulted from a poorly institutionalised field of regeneration, and allowed elites to seek autonomy by adapting national policies to specifically regional projects. A top-down, managerialist form of governance, it is not entirely democratic or open to public participation, but strategically contingent on global and other constraints. Central to an understanding of regeneration is the way strategies are formulated and implemented. This regime, with a broader mix of enterprising public servants and politically minded business and other interests, has coalesced over a long period to respond entrepreneurially to the consequences of globalisation and uneven development, and the failure of national and regional policies. A legacy of decline has created a strategic, cohesive and identifiably exclusive regime of actors, who act in the region’s interests. This regime is unlike the static or re-constructive regimes prevalent in other regions, rather it blends the positive aspects of traditional regional decision making with a more innovative approach. Democratic forms of managing regional space have gradually been replaced by a more adaptable and flexible form more suited to modern day and future needs. Power and influence shift dynamically over time, space and initiative, activities are legitimised by absorbing state officials into activities, and being in close proximity to civic society. As part of the history of change, and embedded in the social system, elites interact formally and informally.
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Ferrari, Edward Terence. "Low demand for social housing estates in North East England." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3546/.
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Low demand for social housing emerged during the late 1990s as a new and significant problem, differing from previous management problems such as 'difficult to let' housing. It is affected by housing and economic policy and the labour market as well as more localised environmental and neighbourhood factors. It is significant in that it affects many local authorities and social landlords. It has clear implications for the sustainability of social housing investment, and calls into question the extent, form, and location of that investment. This project aims to describe low demand in a northern city, Bradford, and situate it within a housing market framework. This framework is developed to take appropriate account of the unique economic characteristics of housing and the way that dynamic processes are contingent on opportunity for mobility within the market. Submarkets that are defined using functional rather than spatial criteria are offered as an appropriate way of conceptualising local housing markets. These conceptually nest within higher-order housing market areas that are spatially defined with reference to employment and migration criteria. Using lettings data collected for a five-year period by the local authority and housing associations, the project develops a predictive model of housing demand which can respond to policy and investment scenarios. It employs a form of vacancy chain analysis to allow movement probabilities to be estimated from empirical data. Such a model both appropriately deals with the market and housing as they have been conceptualised, and exploits information available from a new generation of housing information systems. Suggestions are made as to how such a model can be future developed to ensure a better fit with local submarkets. Finally, it is concluded that investment in certain forms of social housing will have a greater impact on opportunity in the housing market than others over the longer term. It is also found that, while significant work would be necessary to replicate such models, they could potentially form the basis of more accurate scenario-testing models to inform regional and local housing strategies.
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Jeffrey, Kenneth S. "The 1858-62 revival in the North East of Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1862.
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The 1859 revival is the most significant spiritual awakening that has affected Scotland in modern times, but it has remained little examined by scholars. This thesis aims to highlight the importance of this religious phenomenon and to analyse it in a critical manner. In the first instance, it considers the three principal traditions of revival that have evolved since the seventeenth century so that the 1859 movement can be located within this history. It also examines the various theories that have arisen during the last fifty years which have sought to explain how and why these movements have appeared at certain times and in particular contexts. It is significant that, unlike previous studies which have explored the revival from either a narrow local or broad national perspective, this thesis considers the awakening on a regional basis, covering the north east of Scotland. It analyses the manner and expression of the revival as it arose in the city of Aberdeen, in the rural hinterland of north east Scotland, and among the fishing communities along the Moray Firth. In addition, by using data from church records and the 1861 census, it determines the composition of the people who were affected by the movement in each of these three separate situations. Furthermore it investigates the factors which explain the relative failure of the revival to affect the fishing town of Peterhead. Accordingly the thesis demonstrates that the 1859 revival was not a single, uniform religious movement. On the contrary, it establishes that local factors, which include the theological and social nature of a particular context, exercised a powerful effect upon the character of this 'season of grace.
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Ennis, Frank. "Time, person and place in the north-east of England." Thesis, Durham University, 1986. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6871/.
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The thesis is concerned with the exploration of cultural identity in the north-east of England. Superficially that exploration invites an ethnographic approach based on the detailing of socio-cultural relationships which have developed from a unique experience within the region as defined by its industrial past which receives specific expression politically through its long-term loyalty to the Labour Party a devotion unparalleled in twentieth-century England. The examination begins by considering the region's lack of response to the 1981 riots and the local press' celebration of the same. It moves on to consider the deeply-felt sense of peripherality found in the northeast in relation to the 'rest of the country'. That peripherality, marked by comparison with national socio-economic standards is examined in its most potent ethnographic context Beamish Museum. What emerges in these considerations is the importance of examining experiential data as a means of evaluating the singularity of north-eastern cultural identity. Experiential data in the form of archival material, the testimony of a 'traditional' working-class whose experiences provided the constituency for Labour politics, is the key evidence offered here. As a framework for evaluating the substantive content of this evidence, the values and beliefs of the English cultural system are delineated. A primary source for these values is identified as the 'local' press - whose ideological stance it is shown is derived less from the specifics of a north-eastern locality than its role as propagator of national values. In the thesis, two areas which are held to have a local specificity are considered industry and community. These two find their most exemplary expression in the term 'industrial community' which is the real and imagined context from which popular conceptions of 'north-easternness' spring. A third area for consideration is the region's relationship with the English imperial system. This system lacks any conceptualizations which could produce a local specificity. What is of interest is that it exemplifies the frame of reference for evaluating north-eastern particularity the comparison between region and nation. It is the involvement in and the response to this system which is crucial. Overall, this thesis examines firstly the ideology which governs the ordering and interpretation of the north-eastern experience since the industrialization of the nineteenth-century. How did the people of the region interpret these transformations and changes? Secondly, the purpose is to delineate the webs of significance from which determine these experiences. Are they 'home grown' or externally-derived by way of the material structure established a century ago and dismantled since? This is achieved by utilizing Anderson's concept of the 'imagined community' to suggest that as an English region, the north-east claims simultaneous membership in two communities one regional, the other national. It is the weight given to the latter which is in the end determinant. The conclusion being that the region's stability in the 1981 riots is founded on its adherence to the ideology which sprang from an older England that of the nineteenth-century industrial/imperial nation.
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Harold, Julie M. "Characteristics of polar mesocyclones over the North-East Atlantic region." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389228.
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Thomas, P. L. "Satellite altimetry and the geoid over the north-east Atlantic." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371291.
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Metcalf, Jane Valerie. "The epidemiology of primary biliary cirrhosis in north east England." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341438.
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Eley, Mark John. "Manganese oxide deposits in water treatment facilities, North East Scotland." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388813.
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Dawson, Andrew. "Ageing and change in pit villages in north east England." Thesis, University of Essex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237524.
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Milligan, Roger Simon. "Searching for symbiosis : pastoralist-farmer relations in North-east Nigeria." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250010.
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Sabri, Budi Aslinie Md. "Family functioning and chronic periodontitis in outer North East London." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8391.
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Background: This study assumes that while all families are unique, families share common tasks that must be fulfilled as part of their functioning and the definition of whether the family process is functional or not is specific and may be unique to the family and is dependent upon what the family perceives as being normal, while considering cycle demands, resources and socio cultural influences. Objectives: To explore the role of family functioning in chronic periodontitis. Methods: The Outer North East London (ONEL) Oral Health Needs Assessments collected data in a representative sample of 2,343 adults aged16-65 and 1,174 children 3-4 years old in 2009-10. Data were collected through home visits by trained dentists and interviewers, and included dental clinical examinations and answers to questionnaires. Family function in the domains general functioning, problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement and behaviour control was assessed using the Family Assessment Device (FAD) Epstein et al., 1983). Chronic periodontitis was defined as having at least one interproximal site with pocket depth of 4 mm or more. Results: Chronic periodontitis was associated with family functioning in the domains general functioning (odds ratio:0.45; 95%CI: 0.25-0.84), communication (odds ratio: 0.55 95%CI: 0.30-0.98), affective involvement (odds ratio:0.56; 95%CI: 0.34-0.94), affective responsiveness (odds ratio:0.47; 95%CI: 0.26-0.81) and behaviour control (odds ratio:0.40 95%CI: 0.22-0.74) after adjustment for ethnicity and socioeconomic position (NS-SEC). However, after adjusting for oral health related behaviour (tobacco consumption and plaque score) only the domain of general functioning (odds ratio: 0.51 6 95%CI: 0.27-0.97) affective responsiveness (odds ratio 0.52; 95%CI: 0.29-0.92) and behaviour control (odds ratio 0.46; 95 CI: 0.25-0.83) remained significantly associated with chronic periodontitis. Family functioning domains general functioning, communication, affective involvement, affective responsiveness and behaviour control also potentially partially mediates the relationship between socioeconomic position and chronic periodontitis experience. Conclusion: Efficient family functioning in the domains of general functioning, affective responsiveness and behaviour control may act as protective factors against chronic periodontitis.
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Cooper, Nicholas John. "Integrated geophysical exploration of the north east Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35007.
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Troodos Ophiolite is a remnant of Tethyan oceanic crust of Cretaceous age with well-preserved but complex extensional tectonics along its northern flank. Recent geological studies have provided improved models for the formation and extension environment of Troodos and its associated mineralisation. A geophysical program of seismic refraction, electromagnetic (MT-TEM) and potential field exploration has evaluated and developed aspects of these models. Analysis of aeromagnetic, satellite, and regional geophysical datasets suggests that the Solea and younger Larnaca ridge structures are comprised of NNW-NW oriented half graben cut by near-orthogonal transcurrent features. The known mineralisation was controlled by the extensional faulting. Although partially obscured by sediments, the Larnaca structure exhibits clearer regional anomalies and its western flank was the focus of the seismic refraction and MT-TEM surveys. Four refraction lines were recorded parallel and perpendicular to the proposed Larnaca axis. The 2D velocity structure of the oceanic Layer 2 and upper Layer 3 equivalent units was modelled to depths of 2.5-3.0 km, and revealed NW trending, normally faulted half graben dissected by reactivated ENE faulting with minor transform displacement. The compartmentalized "chequer board" tectonics are down faulted at the ophiolite-sediment contact, and the sediments thin towards the Larnaca axis. An apparent moho reflection occurred at 6.0 - 7.0 km. The MT-TEM and potential field data confirmed and constrained the Larnaca extensional model. Detailed TEM reconnaissance studies on a 3.31 km2 grid at Mathiatis-Sha modelled the Layer 2 resistivity structure to depths of 300 m, and refined the relationship between faulting and mineralisation for northern Troodos. Rigourous testing of the TEM method has established it as a powerful mineral exploration tool in the ophiolitic environment. The integrated model correlates with modern and ancient analogues and provides a framework for tectonic studies within an intermittent spreading regime.
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Buckler, Elizabeth Sarah. "Fire in the dark : telling gypsiness in North East England." Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1256/.
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Taking as a starting point the interactions of people from different cultural backgrounds (Gypsies and non-Gypsies) this thesis examines the participants' different ways of being in the world and what this means for their ability to communicate and plan effectively together. Split into three sections the thesis uses an organising metaphor of a fire burning in the darkness in a wasteland. The first section - the Wasteland - situates the work in relation to a number of theoretical frames; Gypsy studies, anthropological work on identity and ethnicity, notions of intersubjectivity developed by phenomenologists and recent work examining the role of tropes in anthropology and understandings of culture. This section also gives the work a methodological frame looking especially at the nature of the fieldwork experience and the ethical issues involved in representing people. Finally this section locates the work in a geo-historical context, the place and space of Teesside, North East England. The second section - the Fire - examines the role of stories in teaching a sense of Gypsiness. Looking specifically at the stories Gypsies tell and their relationship to ideas and experiences of `family' the ethnographic thrust of this section is to develop a clear sense of the social aesthetic standards in operation in Gypsy story telling. This is then extended to show how such social aesthetic standards remain in operation in the everyday actions and interactions of Gypsies. Illuminating these social aesthetic standards gives a clear point from which to start comparing Gypsy styles of interaction with those of the non-Gypsy world. The third and final section - the Dark - places the ethnography of the previous section in the wider context of the non-Gypsy world. This then provides the grounds from which to conduct a detailed examination and comparison of the different styles of interaction at work when Gypsies and non-Gypsies come together. Some conclusions are drawn as to the significance of understanding different styles of being in the world and the implications such understandings have for guiding planning and policy work. The thesis finishes with a suggestion of the significance of the work and conclusions drawn as regards anthropology in general.
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Salter, Ian. "Particle fluxes in the North-East Atlantic and Southern Ocean." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/145313/.
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Concerns regarding the climatic implications of the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations throughout the anthropocene have provided the impetus to obtain a mechanistic understanding of oceanic processes and their role in regulating atmospheric pCO2. One important mechanism is the functioning of the biological pump which partitions carbon between the atmosphere and ocean reservoirs over relevant time scales. Current uncertainties revolve around the accuracy of upper ocean particle flux measurements, and the effect of iron and ballast minerals on the strength and efficiency of the biological carbon pump. This study documents the design and deployment of a neutrally buoyant sediment trap (PELAGRA). In the north-east Atlantic organic carbon fluxes were measured using this new technology and compared to indirect estimates of export based on 234Th and nutrient budgets. The vertical fluxes of 234Th into the traps were less than those estimated from the 234Th water column budget, which is interpreted to be the result of previous export events removing 234Th from the water column and the lateral advection of gradients of total 234Th/238U disequilibria confounding the Eulerian budgeting approach adopted. Successful simultaneous deployments in July 2006 at different depths provided a direct measurement of the attenuation of flux with depth, which at 1.8 is substantially greater than the canonical value of 0.856. PELAGRA deployments in the Southern Ocean were conducted as part of the CROZEX project, which examined the role of iron supply on bloom dynamics and subsequent export. Using a mass balance approach to account for the seasonal depletion of dissolved silica acid in surface waters and Si fluxes from the euphotic zone, potential surface export(100m) of organic carbon from +Fe bloom area was estimated to be in the order of 11-15 g C m-2, which is higher than previous estimates obtained from artificial fertilisation experiments. The issue of temporal decoupling between production and export processes was addressed by employing retrospective estimates of production. Particle export efficiency in the +Fe region to the north of the plateau (25-70%) was higher than similar estimates in the –Fe region (11-20%). Diatom size was well correlated with a range of calculated export ratios(100m). The main diatoms involved in the export from the surface were E. Antarctica in the +Fe region and F. kerguelensis in the –Fe region. E. Antarctica fluxes also dominated deep-water (3000m) diatom fluxes in the +Fe region, and its importance is attributed to the regions proximity to the Crozet Islands, where resting spores and dissolved iron are advected into the bloom area during the winter. Deep-water carbon fluxes measured to the south of the plateau. Deep-water carbon fluxes measured south of the plateau (0.09 g C m-2 yr-1) are consistent with previous measurements in a similar environment. In the +Fe region to the north, deep water fluxes were 0.4 g C m-2 yr-1 indicating that natural iron fertilisation can increase the strength of the biological carbon pump by a factor of 4. Comparison of fluxes with satellite-derived productivity also suggests that the efficiency of the biological pump in transferring organic carbon to the deep-ocean is increased by a factor of 3 in the presence of iron. The flux and composition of amino acids, in relation to the dominant mineral phases that comprised the particulate flux in the NE Atlantic and the Southern Ocean was also examined. The fraction of carbon that could be accounted for by the total hydrolysable amino acids varied very little (20-30%) with sample composition. Protein amino acids were used to quantify the degradation state of the settling particulate material. Specific amino acids seem to infer diatomaceous rather than calcareous as the dominant organic matter source. Multiple linear regression analysis reveals that mineral fluxes can only explain a very small amount of the variability in amino acid composition, which does not support previous hypotheses that relate mineral fluxes and organic carbon fluxes through the differential protective capacity of various mineral phases.
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Benali, Leila. "Electricity reforms in the Middle East [and] North Africa (MENA)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0083.
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Cette thèse propose une évaluation des réformes électriques dans la région MENA, et suggère une possibilité d’évolution. Après une analyse des facteurs ayant poussé à ces réformes et une mesure des besoins en capacité et en investissements, les relations entre ces réformes et le prix du pétrole ainsi que les interconnections régionales sont examinées sous un nouvel angle. Une évaluation quantitative et qualitative (attractivité, faisabilité, crédibilité et remediabilité) de ces réformes est ensuite proposée. Le Modèle de l’Acheteur Unique semble approprié mais non optimal. L’alternative proposée (MAU-plus), faisable et flexible, permet des possibilités d’amélioration. L’identité de l’Etat évolue et les nouveaux champions nationaux sont des firmes duales, politiquement connectées mais économiquement pragmatiques. Même si la protection du consommateur et les structure politiques devraient contrebalancer le pouvoir de marché, une forte régulation est essentielle. Enfin, le futur de ces réformes est testé en considérant le mix énergétique et la création de richesse durable. Paradoxalement, la politique de prix locale de l’énergie ne conduit pas nécessairement à un appauvrissement à long terme. Mais rien ne prouve que cette trajectoire soit optimale. Une nouvelle politique peut être appliquée graduellement, affectant l'electricité et l'industrie, alors que le pays se transforme d’exportateur à « monétiseur » d’hydrocarbures. Les réformes n’empêchent pas la diversification du mix, mais l’introduction de nouvelles technologies nécessiteencore l’intervention de l’Etat. Les durabilités économique, environnementale et sociale ne peuvent être laissées aux seules forces du marchéThis thesis offers an evaluation of MENA electric reforms, and suggests one possibility of evolution. After an analysis of the factors behind these reforms and an assessment of capacity and investment needs, the relationship between these reforms and each of oil prices and regional interconnections is examined under a new angle. We then propose a quantitative and qualitative (attractiveness, feasibility, credibility and remediability) evaluation of these reforms. The Single Buyer Model appears suitable, albeit not optimal. Our proposed alternative (SBM-plus), feasible and flexible, allows improvements. The State’s identity evolves and the region’s new national champions would be dual firms, politically well-connected but economically pragmatic. Consumer protection and political structures should balance market power but regulation is strongly needed. The third chapter tests these reforms’ future in view of two policy considerations: the fuel mix question and the sustainable wealth creation. Surprisingly, the fuel pricing policy does not necessarily lead to a long-term impoverishment, but this path might not be optimal and fuel pricing is evolving anyway. New fuel pricing can be applied in steps, impacting electric and industrial sectors, as the country transforms from a fuel exporter to a fuel monetizer. Electric reforms do not contradict fuel diversification policies, but introducing new technologies requires the State to step in again. Economic, environmental and social sustainability can not be left to market forces
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Burns, Alison. "Field-names of North-East Scotland : a socio-onomastic study." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6424/.
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Field-names in Scotland are part of the oral tradition, passed down from generation to generation of farmers. Despite the valuable holdings at the Scottish Field Name Survey (University of Edinburgh), work to collect these names has been patchy and many areas of Scotland remain uncovered. The introduction of a new numbering system for tax purposes has resulted in a marked decline in the use of field-names, and generally only older members of the community can recall the names. There are few written records that preserve early forms, and little systematic study of the topic. Therefore, time is running out to collect the names of Scottish fields. The focus of this thesis is a corpus of 1552 field-names from the north-east of Scotland which I collected using a socio-onomastic approach. Spoken interviews were used as the main tool for data collection drawing on practices from the discipline of sociolinguistics. A key aspect of this research is the social aspect of naming and the combination of sociolinguistic methods with more traditional onomastic methods.
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Guimarães, Callado Sandra Maria. "Environmental sustainability analysis of cashew systems in north-east Brazil." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2009. http://d-nb.info/993315216/04.
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Nag, Sajal. "Roots of ethnic conflict : nationality question in North-East India /." New Delhi : Manohar, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37704876z.
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