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Academic literature on the topic 'East African Orogen'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "East African Orogen"

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JACOBS, J. "The East Antarctic Orogen: Southern Continuation of the East African Orogen into Antarctica." Gondwana Research 4, no. 2 (April 2001): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70682-1.

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Fritz, H., M. Abdelsalam, K. A. Ali, B. Bingen, A. S. Collins, A. R. Fowler, W. Ghebreab, et al. "Orogen styles in the East African Orogen: A review of the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian tectonic evolution." Journal of African Earth Sciences 86 (October 2013): 65–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.06.004.

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Stern, Robert J. "Crustal evolution in the East African Orogen: a neodymium isotopic perspective." Journal of African Earth Sciences 34, no. 3-4 (April 2002): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(02)00012-x.

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BOYD, R., O. NORDGULEN, R. J. THOMAS, B. BINGEN, T. BJERKGARD, T. GRENNE, I. HENDERSON, et al. "THE GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE EAST AFRICAN OROGEN IN NORTHEASTERN MOZAMBIQUE." South African Journal of Geology 113, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 87–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.113.1.87.

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Collins, A. S. "The Tectonic Evolution of Madagascar: Its Place in the East African Orogen." Gondwana Research 3, no. 4 (October 2000): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70760-7.

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Ueda, Kosuke, Joachim Jacobs, Robert James Thomas, Jan Kosler, Matt S. A. Horstwood, Jo-Anne Wartho, Fred Jourdan, Benjamin Emmel, and Rogerio Matola. "Postcollisional High-Grade Metamorphism, Orogenic Collapse, and Differential Cooling of the East African Orogen of Northeast Mozambique." Journal of Geology 120, no. 5 (September 2012): 507–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/666876.

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Collins, Alan S., Ian C. W. Fitzsimons, Bregje Hulscher, and Théodore Razakamanana. "Structure of the eastern margin of the East African Orogen in central Madagascar." Precambrian Research 123, no. 2-4 (June 2003): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9268(03)00064-0.

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Beyth, M., D. Avigad, H. U. Wetzel, A. Matthews, and S. M. Berhe. "Crustal exhumation and indications for Snowball Earth in the East African Orogen: north Ethiopia and east Eritrea." Precambrian Research 123, no. 2-4 (June 2003): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9268(03)00067-6.

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Yoshida, Masaru, Joachim Jacobs, M. Santosh, and H. M. Rajesh. "Role of Pan-African events in the Circum-East Antarctic Orogen of East Gondwana: a critical overview." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 206, no. 1 (2003): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2003.206.01.05.

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GRENNE, T., R. B. PEDERSEN, T. BJERKGÅRD, A. BRAATHEN, M. G. SELASSIE, and T. WORKU. "Neoproterozoic evolution of Western Ethiopia: igneous geochemistry, isotope systematics and U–Pb ages." Geological Magazine 140, no. 4 (July 2003): 373–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680300801x.

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New geochemical, isotopic and age data from igneous rocks complement earlier models of a long-lived and complex accretionary history for East African Orogen lithologies north of the Blue Nile in western Ethiopia, but throw doubt on the paradigm that ultramafic complexes of the region represent ophiolites and suture zones. Early magmatism is represented by a metavolcanic sequence dominated by pyroclastic deposits of predominantly basaltic andesite composition, which give a Rb–Sr whole-rock errorchron of 873±82 Ma. Steep REE patterns and strong enrichments of highly incompatible trace elements are similar to Andean-type, high-K to medium-K calc-alkaline rocks; εNd values between 4.0 and 6.8 reflect a young, thin continental edge. Interlayered basaltic flows are transitional to MORB and compare with mafic rocks formed in extensional, back-arc or inter-arc regimes. The data point to the significance of continental margin magmatism already at the earliest stages of plate convergence, in contrast with previous models for the East African Orogen. The metavolcanites overlap compositionally with the Kilaj intrusive complex dated at 866±20 Ma (U–Pb zircon) and a related suite of dykes that intrude thick carbonate-psammite sequences of supposedly pre-arc, continental shelf origin. Ultramafic complexes are akin to the Kilaj intrusion and the sediment-hosted dykes, and probably represent solitary intrusions formed in response to arc extension. Synkinematic composite plutons give crystallization ages of 699±2 Ma (Duksi, U–Pb zircon) and 651±5 Ma (Dogi, U–Pb titanite) and testify to a prolonged period of major (D1) contractional deformation during continental collision and closure of the ‘Mozambique Ocean’. The plutons are characterized by moderately peraluminous granodiorites and granites with εNd values of 1.0–2.0. They were coeval with shoshonitic, latitic, trachytic and rare trachybasaltic intrusions with very strong enrichments of highly incompatible trace elements and εNd of 0.4–8.0. The mafic end-member is ascribed to partial melting of enriched sub-continental mantle that carried a subduction component inherited from pre-collision subduction. Contemporaneous granodiorite and granite formation was related to crustal underplating of the mafic magmas and consequent melting of lower crustal material derived from the previously accreted, juvenile arc terranes of the East African Orogen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "East African Orogen"

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Giese, Jörg. "Tectonic evolution of the East African Orogen in central southern Madagascar : implications for assembly, exhumation and dispersal of Gondwana /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Jöns, Niels [Verfasser]. "Metamorphic events during the formation of the East African Orogen : case studies from Madagascar and Tanzania / vorgelegt von Niels Jöns." 2006. http://d-nb.info/1007352817/34.

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Archibald, Donnelly Brian. "The Stenian-Cambrian tectonic evolution of Central Madagascar." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/106335.

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Madagascar occupies an important location in many Proterozoic plate reconstructions. It lies within the East African Orogen, which involves a collage of Proterozoic microcontinents and arc terranes wedged between older cratonic units during Gondwana assembly. Oceanic crust is an important component of palaeogeographic reconstructions that is often overlooked because exposures of in situ oceanic crust older than ~200 Myr do not exist. Therefore, studies of ancient oceanic crust require proxies such as analysing the products of magmatic arcs. The Malagasy basement preserves five magmatic suites emplaced consecutively from ~1100-500 Ma. During this time, the Rodinia supercontinent amalgamated then dispersed and the Gondwana supercontinent formed. This whole-rock geochemical and zircon isotopic study attempts to unravel the Proterozoic tectonic history of central Madagascar using the tectonic setting and duration of various Stenian to Cambrian magmatic episodes. These magmatic suites are the ~1080-980 Ma (Dabolava Suite), ~850-750 Ma (Imorona-Itsindro Suite) and ~650-520 Ma (Kiangara, Ambalavao and Maevarano Suites). Gabbroic and granitoid rocks of the Dabolava Suite combined with the coeval Ikalamavony Group represent a magmatic arc and volcano-sedimentary sequence deposited in an oceanic-arc environment based on isotopic and geochemical characteristics. The Imorona-Itsindro Suite represents contemporaneous emplacement of various lithologies from gabbro to granitoids and syenite. Oxygen and hafnium isotope data have a broad inverse relationship with apparent magmatic cycles occurring on the scale of ~15-40 Ma that emphasize periods of significant supracrustal assimilation evolving to “mantle-like” (or below) signatures. The spatial distribution of isotopic data indicates that the isotopic character of Tonian-aged zircon replicates the basement domain into which the magmas intruded. Samples intruding the Ikalamavony Domain exhibit a less evolved εHf(t) [Hf subscript] isotopic signature than Tonian-aged rocks intruding the domains to the east, implying melting of different source material. The zircon isotopic dataset emphasises the age range and composition of the Tonian lithosphere beneath central Madagascar. Geochemically, mid-Tonian rocks are calc-alkaline with trace-element characteristics consistent with a continental arc genesis. Radiogenic isotope data show evolved Sr and Nd signatures. Changes in subduction zone dynamics, crustal anatexis and crustal assimilation of the diverse basement domains into ascending magmas contributed to geochemical variations. Prolonged subduction (>100 Myr) provided sufficient time for the arc to mature and a shallow (<100km), metasomatised spinel lherzolite mantle source is preferred. The isotopic and geochemical characteristics of the Imorona-Itsindro Suite argue for a collective genesis in a supra-subduction zone tectonic setting with the Neoproterozoic suture located west of the Ikalamavony Domain. The Ediacaran to Cambrian Kiangara, Ambalavao and Maevarano Suites are post-collisional, mainly granitoid suites emplaced during the final assembly of Gondwana. Magmas incorporated crustal material and isotopic signatures reflect the basement unit in which samples intrude and these rocks are related spatially and temporally with major late-Neoproterozoic deformation episodes. Collectively, these data identify a previously unrecognised and long-lived (~500 Ma) active continental margin correlative to the present-day Pacific Ocean margin. Understanding this large dataset is critical for understanding Madagascar’s tectonic evolution during the Stenian to Cambrian.
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2016.
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Book chapters on the topic "East African Orogen"

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Hamimi, Z., M. A. Abd El-Wahed, H. A. Gahlan, and S. Z. Kamh. "Tectonics of the Eastern Desert of Egypt: Key to Understanding the Neoproterozoic Evolution of the Arabian–Nubian Shield (East African Orogen)." In The Geology of the Arab World---An Overview, 1–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96794-3_1.

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Kroner, Uwe, Tobias Stephan, and Rolf L. Romer. "Paleozoic orogenies and relative plate motions at the sutures of the Iapetus-Rheic Ocean." In New Developments in the Appalachian-Caledonian- Variscan Orogen. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2554(001).

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ABSTRACT Early Ordovician to late Permian orogenies at different plate-boundary zones of western Pangea affected continental crust derived from the plates of North America (Laurentia), Europe (East European Craton including Baltica plus Arctida), and Gondwana. The diachronic orogenic processes comprised stages of intraoceanic subduction, formation and accretion of island arcs, and collision of several continents. Using established plate-tectonic models proposed for different regions and time spans, we provide for the first time a generic model that explains the tectonics of the entire Gondwana-Laurussia plate-boundary zone in a consistent way. We combined the plate kinematic model of the Pannotia-Pangea supercontinent cycle with geologic constraints from the different Paleozoic orogens. In terms of oceanic lithosphere, the Iapetus Ocean is subdivided into an older segment (I) and a younger (II) segment. Early Cambrian subduction of the Iapetus I and the Tornquist oceans at active plate boundaries of the East European Craton triggered the breakup of Pannotia, formation of Iapetus II, and the separation of Gondwana from Laurentia. Prolonged subduction of Iapetus I (ca. 530–430 Ma) culminated in the Scandian collision of the Greenland-Scandinavian Caledonides of Laurussia. Due to plate-tectonic reorganization at ca. 500 Ma, seafloor spreading of Iapetus II ceased, and the Rheic Ocean opened. This complex opening scenario included the transformation of passive continental margins into active ones and culminated in the Ordovician Taconic and Famatinian accretionary orogenies at the peri-Laurentian margin and at the South American edge of Gondwana, respectively. Rifting along the Avalonian-Cadomian belt of peri-Gondwana resulted in the separation of West Avalonian arc terranes and the East Avalonian continent. The vast African/Arabian shelf was affected by intracontinental extension and remained on the passive peri-Gondwana margin of the Rheic Ocean. The final assembly of western Pangea was characterized by the prolonged and diachronous closure of the Rheic Ocean (ca. 400–270 Ma). Continental collision started within the Variscan-Acadian segment of the Gondwana-Laurussia plate-boundary zone. Subsequent zipper-style suturing affected the Gondwanan Mauritanides and the conjugate Laurentian margin from north to south. In the Appalachians, previously accreted island-arc terranes were affected by Alleghanian thrusting. The fold-and-thrust belts of southern Laurentia, i.e., the Ouachita-Marathon-Sonora orogenic system, evolved from the transformation of a vast continental shelf area into a collision zone. From a geodynamic point of view, an intrinsic feature of the model is that initial breakup of Pannotia, as well as the assembly of western Pangea, was facilitated by subduction and seafloor spreading at the leading and the trailing edges of the North American plate and Gondwana, respectively. Slab pull as the plate-driving force is sufficient to explain the entire Pannotia–western Pangea supercontinent cycle for the proposed scenario.
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Kroner, Uwe, Tobias Stephan, and Rolf L. Romer. "Paleozoic orogenies and relative plate motions at the sutures of the Iapetus-Rheic Ocean." In New Developments in the Appalachian-Caledonian- Variscan Orogen. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2554(01).

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ABSTRACT Early Ordovician to late Permian orogenies at different plate-boundary zones of western Pangea affected continental crust derived from the plates of North America (Laurentia), Europe (East European Craton including Baltica plus Arctida), and Gondwana. The diachronic orogenic processes comprised stages of intraoceanic subduction, formation and accretion of island arcs, and collision of several continents. Using established plate-tectonic models proposed for different regions and time spans, we provide for the first time a generic model that explains the tectonics of the entire Gondwana-Laurussia plate-boundary zone in a consistent way. We combined the plate kinematic model of the Pannotia-Pangea supercontinent cycle with geologic constraints from the different Paleozoic orogens. In terms of oceanic lithosphere, the Iapetus Ocean is subdivided into an older segment (I) and a younger (II) segment. Early Cambrian subduction of the Iapetus I and the Tornquist oceans at active plate boundaries of the East European Craton triggered the breakup of Pannotia, formation of Iapetus II, and the separation of Gondwana from Laurentia. Prolonged subduction of Iapetus I (ca. 530–430 Ma) culminated in the Scandian collision of the Greenland-Scandinavian Caledonides of Laurussia. Due to plate-tectonic reorganization at ca. 500 Ma, seafloor spreading of Iapetus II ceased, and the Rheic Ocean opened. This complex opening scenario included the transformation of passive continental margins into active ones and culminated in the Ordovician Taconic and Famatinian accretionary orogenies at the peri-Laurentian margin and at the South American edge of Gondwana, respectively. Rifting along the Avalonian-Cadomian belt of peri-Gondwana resulted in the separation of West Avalonian arc terranes and the East Avalonian continent. The vast African/Arabian shelf was affected by intracontinental extension and remained on the passive peri-Gondwana margin of the Rheic Ocean. The final assembly of western Pangea was characterized by the prolonged and diachronous closure of the Rheic Ocean (ca. 400–270 Ma). Continental collision started within the Variscan-Acadian segment of the Gondwana-Laurussia plate-boundary zone. Subsequent zipper-style suturing affected the Gondwanan Mauritanides and the conjugate Laurentian margin from north to south. In the Appalachians, previously accreted island-arc terranes were affected by Alleghanian thrusting. The fold-and-thrust belts of southern Laurentia, i.e., the Ouachita-Marathon-Sonora orogenic system, evolved from the transformation of a vast continental shelf area into a collision zone. From a geodynamic point of view, an intrinsic feature of the model is that initial breakup of Pannotia, as well as the assembly of western Pangea, was facilitated by subduction and seafloor spreading at the leading and the trailing edges of the North American plate and Gondwana, respectively. Slab pull as the plate-driving force is sufficient to explain the entire Pannotia–western Pangea supercontinent cycle for the proposed scenario.
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Stern, Robert J. "Tectonic evolution of the Late Proterozoic East African Orogen: Constraints from crustal evolution in the Arabian-Nubian Shield and the Mozambique Belt." In Geoscientific Research in Northeast Africa, 73–74. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203753392-13.

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Kuiper, Yvette D., Daniel P. Murray, Sonia Ellison, and James L. Crowley. "U-Pb detrital zircon analysis of sedimentary rocks of the southeastern New England Avalon terrane in the U.S. Appalachians: Evidence for a separate crustal block." In New Developments in the Appalachian-Caledonian- Variscan Orogen. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2554(05).

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ABSTRACT The Avalon terrane of southeastern New England is a composite terrane in which various crustal blocks may have different origins and/or tectonic histories. The northern part (west and north of Boston, Massachusetts) correlates well with Avalonian terranes in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, Canada, based on rock types and ages, U-Pb detrital zircon signatures of metasedimentary rocks, and Sm-Nd isotope geochemistry data. In the south, fewer data exist, in part because of poorer rock exposure, and the origins and histories of the rocks are less well constrained. We conducted U-Pb laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry analysis on zircon from seven metasedimentary rock samples from multiple previously interpreted subterranes in order to constrain their origins. Two samples of Neoproterozoic Plainfield Formation quartzite from the previously interpreted Hope Valley subterrane in the southwestern part of the southeastern New England Avalon terrane and two from the Neoproterozoic Blackstone Group quartzite from the adjacent Esmond-Dedham subterrane to the east have Tonian youngest detrital zircon age populations. One sample of Cambrian North Attleboro Formation quartzite of the Esmond-Dedham subterrane yielded an Ediacaran youngest detrital zircon age population. Detrital zircon populations of all five samples include abundant Mesoproterozoic zircon and smaller Paleoproterozoic and Archean populations, and are similar to those of the northern part of the southeastern New England Avalon terrane and the Avalonian terranes in Canada. These are interpreted as having a Baltican/Amazonian affinity based primarily on published U-Pb and Lu-Hf detrital zircon data. Based on U-Pb detrital zircon data, there is no significant difference between the Hope Valley and Esmond-Dedham subterranes. Detrital zircon of two samples of the Price Neck and Newport Neck formations of the Neoproterozoic Newport Group in southern Rhode Island is characterized by large ca. 647–643 and ca. 745–733 Ma age populations and minor zircon up to ca. 3.1 Ga. This signature is most consistent with a northwest African affinity. The Newport Group may thus represent a subterrane, terrane, or other crustal block with a different origin and history than the southeastern New England Avalon terrane to the northwest. The boundary of this Newport Block may be restricted to the boundaries of the Newport Group, or it may extend as far north as Weymouth, Massachusetts, as far northwest as (but not including) the North Attleboro Formation quartzite and associated rocks in North Attleboro, Massachusetts, and as far west as Warwick, Rhode Island, where eastern exposures of the Blackstone Group quartzite exist. The Newport Block may have amalgamated with the Amazonian/Baltican part of the Avalon terrane prior to mid-Paleozoic amalgamation with Laurentia, or it may have arrived as a separate terrane after accretion of the Avalon terrane. Alternatively, it may have arrived during the formation of Pangea and been stranded after the breakup of Pangea, as has been proposed previously for rocks of the Georges Bank in offshore Massachusetts. If the latter is correct, then the boundary between the Newport Block and the southeastern New England Avalon terrane is the Pangean suture zone.
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Rogers, John J. W., and M. Santosh. "Gondwana and Pangea." In Continents and Supercontinents. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195165890.003.0010.

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Pangea, the most recent supercontinent, attained its condition of maximum packing at ~250 Ma. At this time, it consisted of a northern part, Laurasia, and a southern part, Gondwana. Gondwana contained the southern continents—South America, Africa, India, Madagascar, Australia, and Antarctica. It had become a coherent supercontinent at ~500 Ma and accreted to Pangea largely as a single block. Laurasia consisted of the northern continents—North America, Greenland, Europe, and northern Asia. It accreted during the Late Paleozoic and became a supercontinent when fusion of these continental blocks with Gondwana occurred near the end of the Paleozoic. The configuration of Pangea, including Gondwana, can be determined accurately by tracing the patterns of magnetic stripes in the oceans that opened within it (chapters 1 and 9). The history of accretion of Laurasia is also well known, but the development of Gondwana is highly controversial. Gondwana was clearly a single supercontinent by ~500 Ma, but whether it formed by fusion of a few large blocks or the assembly of numerous small blocks is uncertain. Figure 8.1 shows Gondwana divided into East and West parts, but the boundary between them is highly controversial (see below). We start this chapter by investigating the history of Gondwana, using appendix SI to describe detailed histories of orogenic belts of Pan-African age (600–500-Ma). Then we continue with the development of Pangea, including the Paleozoic orogenic belts that led to its development. The next section summarizes the paleomagnetically determined movement of blocks from the accretion of Gondwana until the assembly of Pangea, and the last section discusses the differences between Gondwana and Laurasia in Pangea. The patterns of dispersal and development of modern oceans are left to chapter 9, and the histories of continents following dispersal to chapter 10. By the later part of the 1800s, geologists working in the southern hemisphere realized that the Paleozoic fossils that occurred there were very different from those in the northern hemisphere. They found similar fossils in South America, Africa, Madagascar, India, and Australia, and in 1913 they added Antarctica when identical specimens were found by the Scott expedition.
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K. Biswas, Sanjib, and Gaurav D. Chauhan. "Intra-Plate Dynamics and Active Tectonic Zones of the Indian Plate." In Advances in Plate Tectonics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105647.

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The tectonic framework of the Indian Plate started to evolve since the break-up of Gondwanaland in the Late Triassic. It evolved mainly during the time between its separation from the African plate in the Early-Cretaceous and its collision with the Eurasian plate on the north in Late-Middle Eocene and with the Burmese plate in the northeast in Late-Oligocene. Present active tectonic zones, responsible for earthquake generation, were created by the collision pattern and subsequent plate motion. Continued subduction and plate motion due to ridge push and slab pull are responsible for the activation of primordial faults in the inherent structural fabric of the craton depending on the related stress field. Major tectonic zones of the Indian continental plate are related to the collision fronts and the reactivated intra-cratonic faults along the resurgent paleo-sutures between the proto-cratons. Major Tectonic Zones (TZ) are Himalayan TZ, Assam-Arakan TZ, Baluchistan- Karakoram TZ, Andaman-Nicobar TZ, and Stable Continental Region (SCR) earthquake zone. The structure of the continental margins developed during the break-up of Gondwana continental fragments. Western margin evolved during the sequential separation of Africa, Madagascar, and Seychelles since the Late-Triassic to Late Cretaceous time. The Eastern margin structure evolved during the separation of Antarctica in Mid Cretaceous. The orogenic belt circumscribing the northern margin of Indian plate is highly tectonised as the subduction of the plate continues due to northerly push from the Carlsberg Ridge in the SW and slab-pull towards northeast and east along the orogenic and island arc fronts in the NE. This stress pattern induced an anticlockwise rotatory plate motion. The back thrust from the collision front in the direction opposite to the ridge push put the plate under an overall compressive stress. This stress pattern and the plate motion are responsible for the reactivation of the major intra-cratonic faults. While the tectonised orogenic belts are the zones for earthquake nucleation, the reactivated faults are also the strained mega shear zones across the plate for earthquake generation in SCR. These faults trending WNW-ESE are apparently the transform faults that extend across the continent from Carlsberg ridge in the west to the collision zones in the northeast. As such, they are described here as the ‘trans-continental transform faults’. Three such major fault zones from north to south are (i) North Kathiawar fault - Great Boundary fault (along the Aravalli belt) zone, (ii) South Saurashtra fault (extension of Narmada fault) – SONATA-Dauki-Naga fault zone, and (iii) Tellichery-Cauvery-Eastern Ghat-T3-Hail Hakalula-Naga thrust zone. All these trans-continental faults, which are mega-shear zones, are traceable from western offshore to the northeastern orogenic belts along mega tectonic lineaments across the continent. The neotectonic movements along these faults, their relative motion, and displacement are the architect of the present geomorphic pattern and shape of the Indian craton. The overall compressive stress is responsible for strain build-up within these fault zones and consequent earthquake nucleation. The mid-continental Sonata-Dauki shear zone follows the Central Indian Suture Zone between Bundelkhand Proto Continent (BPC) and Deccan Proto Continent (DPC). With the reactivation of this shear zone, the two proto-cratonic blocks are subjected to relative movement as the plate rotates anticlockwise. The kinematics of these movements and their implications are discussed here with a special reference to the recent 2001 Bhuj earthquake.
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Boniface, Nelson, and Tatsuki Tsujimori. "New tectonic model and division of the Ubendian-Usagaran Belt, Tanzania: A review and in-situ dating of eclogites." In Plate Tectonics, Ophiolites, and Societal Significance of Geology: A Celebration of the Career of Eldridge Moores. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2552(08).

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ABSTRACT Records of high-pressure/low-temperature (HP-LT) metamorphic interfaces are not common in Precambrian orogens. It should be noted that the association of HP-LT metamorphic interfaces and strongly deformed ocean plate stratigraphy that form accretionary prisms between trenches and magmatic arcs are recognized as hallmark signatures of modern plate tectonics. In East Africa (Tanzania), the Paleoproterozoic Ubendian-Usagaran Belt records a HP-LT metamorphic interface that we consider as a centerpiece in reviewing the description of tectonic units of the Ubendian-Usagaran Belt and defining a new tectonic model. Our new U-Pb zircon age and the interpretations from existing data reveal an age between 1920 and 1890 Ma from the kyanite bearing eclogites. This establishment adds to the information of already known HP-LT metamorphic events at 2000 Ma, 1890–1860 Ma, and 590–520 Ma from the Ubendian-Usagaran Belt. Arc–back-arc signatures from eclogites imply that their mafic protoliths were probably eroded from arc basalt above a subduction zone and were channeled into a subduction zone as mélanges and got metamorphosed. The Ubendian-Usagaran events also record rifting, arc and back-arc magmatism, collisional, and hydrothermal events that preceded or followed HP-LT tectonic events. Our new tectonic subdivision of the Ubendian Belt is described as: (1) the western Ubendian Corridor, mainly composed of two Proterozoic suture zones (subduction at 2000, 1920–1890, Ma and 590–500 Ma) in the Ufipa and Nyika Terranes; (2) the central Ubendian Corridor, predominated by metamorphosed mafic-ultramafic rocks in the Ubende, Mbozi, and Upangwa Terranes that include the 1890–1860 Ma eclogites with mid-ocean ridge basalt affinity in the Ubende Terrane; and (3) the eastern Ubendian Corridor (the Katuma and Lupa Terranes), characterized by reworked Archean crust.
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Conference papers on the topic "East African Orogen"

1

Collins, Alan, Flynn Cameron, Morgan Blades, Derrick Hasterok, Alexander Simpson, Sarah Gilbert, Chris Clark, and Sean Makin. "Size is everything: reconstructing the East African Orogen—a Gondwanan supermountain—as a critical step to modelling the Neoproterozoic earth system." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.9391.

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2

Möller, Andreas, Alexander Rocholl, George D. Kamenov, and Paul A. Mueller. "TIMING AND NATURE OF CRUST FORMATION IN THE EAST AFRICAN OROGEN DURING THE ASSEMBLAGE OF GONDWANA: CLUES FROM ZIRCON U-PB, HF AND OXYGEN ISOTOPES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-306466.

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3

Pant, Naresh, Devsamridhi Arora, Mayuri Pandey, and Prabhakar Naraga. "A review of imprints of Pan-African orogenic event in East Antarctic Shield: linkages and correlation." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.9881.

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