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Academic literature on the topic 'Earthwarks'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Earthwarks"

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Machida, S., Y. Miyashita, A. Ieda, M. Nosé, V. Angelopoulos, and J. P. McFadden. "Statistical visualization of the Earth's magnetotail and the implied mechanism of substorm triggering based on superposed-epoch analysis of THEMIS data." Annales Geophysicae 32, no. 2 (February 17, 2014): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-99-2014.

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Abstract. To investigate the physical mechanism responsible for substorm triggering, we performed a superposed-epoch analysis using plasma and magnetic-field data from THEMIS probes. Substorm onset timing was determined based on auroral breakups detected by all-sky imagers at the THEMIS ground-based observatories. We found earthward flows associated with north–south auroral streamers during the substorm growth phase. At around X = −12 Earth radii (RE), the northward magnetic field and its elevation angle decreased markedly approximately 4 min before substorm onset. Moreover, a northward magnetic-field increase associated with pre-onset earthward flows was found at around X = −17 RE. This variation indicates that local dipolarization occurs. Interestingly, in the region earthwards of X = −18 RE, earthward flows in the central plasma sheet (CPS) reduced significantly approximately 3 min before substorm onset, which was followed by a weakening of dawn-/duskward plasma-sheet boundary-layer flows (subject to a 1 min time lag). Subsequently, approximately 1 min before substorm onset, earthward flows in the CPS were enhanced again and at the onset, tailward flows started at around X = −20 RE. Following substorm onset, an increase in the northward magnetic field caused by dipolarization was found in the near-Earth region. Synthesizing these results, we confirm our previous results based on GEOTAIL data, which implied that significant variations start earlier than both current disruption and magnetic reconnection, at approximately 4 min before substorm onset roughly halfway between the two regions of interest; i.e. in the catapult current sheet.
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Forsyth, C., M. Lester, S. W. H. Cowley, I. Dandouras, A. N. Fazakerley, R. C. Fear, H. U. Frey, et al. "Observed tail current systems associated with bursty bulk flows and auroral streamers during a period of multiple substorms." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 1 (February 4, 2008): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-167-2008.

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Abstract. We present a multi-instrument study of a substorm bursty bulk flow (BBF) and auroral streamer. During a substorm on 25 August 2003, which was one of a series of substorms that occurred between 00:00 and 05:00 UT, the Cluster spacecraft encountered a BBF event travelling Earthwards and duskwards with a velocity of ~500 km s−1 some nine minutes after the onset of the substorm. Coincident with this event the IMAGE spacecraft detected an auroral streamer in the substorm auroral bulge in the Southern Hemisphere near the footpoints of the Cluster spacecraft. Using FluxGate Magnetometer (FGM) data from the four Cluster spacecraft, we determine the field-aligned currents in the BBF, using the curlometer technique, to have been ~5 mA km−2. When projected into the ionosphere, these currents give ionospheric field-aligned currents of ~18 A km−2, which is comparable with previously observed ionospheric field-aligned currents associated with BBFs and auroral streamers. The observations of the BBF are consistent with the plasma "bubble" model of Chen and Wolf (1993). Furthermore, we show that the observations of the BBF are consistent with the creation of the BBF by the reconnection of open field lines Earthward of a substorm associated near-Earth neutral line.
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Herwitz, Daniel, and Gary Shapiro. "Earthwards: Robert Smithson and Art after Babel." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 56, no. 1 (1998): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/431956.

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Deng, X. H., R. X. Tang, R. Nakamura, W. Baumjohann, T. L. Zhang, P. W. Daly, H. Rème, et al. "Observation of reconnection pulses by Cluster and Double Star." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 8 (November 8, 2005): 2921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-2921-2005.

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Abstract. During a reconnection event on 7 August 2004, Cluster and Double Star (TC-1) were near the neutral sheet and simultaneously detected the signatures of the reconnection pulses. AT 22:59 UT tailward flow followed by earthward flow was detected by Cluster at about 15 RE, while earthward plasma flow followed by tailward flow was observed by TC-1 at about 10 RE. During the flow reversal from tailward to earthward, the magnetic field Bz changed sign from mainly negative values to positive, and the X component of the magnetic curvature vector switched sign from the tailward direction to the earthward direction, which indicates that the reconnection site (X-line) moved tailward past the Cluster constellation. By using multi-point analysis and observation of energetic electron and ion flux, we study the movement and structure of the current sheet and discuss the braking effect of the earthward flow bursts in the inner magnetosphere.
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Duan, S. P., Z. X. Liu, J. Liang, Y. C. Zhang, and T. Chen. "Multiple magnetic dipolarizations observed by THEMIS during a substorm." Annales Geophysicae 29, no. 2 (February 15, 2011): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-331-2011.

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Abstract. The magnetic field dipolarization in the vicinity of substorm onset and during substorm expansion phase during the period of 06:00–06:40 UT on 15 February 2008 is investigated with observations from multiple probes of THEMIS. It is found that the magnetic dipolarization at the substorm onset (the onset time was about 06:14 UT) was not accompanied by obvious magnetic disturbance and ion bulk speed variation. The magnetic dipolarizations taking place during the substorm expansion phase observed by P4~(−10.97, 2.04, −3.03) RE and P3~(−11.32, 1.15, −3.10) RE were mostly accompanied by high speed earthward ion bulk flow, but the magnetic dipolarizations occurring during the substorm expansion phase observed by P5~(−9.45, 1.07, −2.85) RE were not accompanied by high speed earthward ion bulk flow. Before substorm onset THEMIS P3, P4, P5 all observed the Bx component fluctuation with a period of about 300 s. After substorm onset earthward high speed ion bulk flow and significant magnetic disturbances both occurred at P3 and P4 locations. These results indicate that there is no one-to-one relationship between the near-Earth magnetic dipolarization and the earthward ion bulk flow. In particular, the magnetic dipolarization occurring on the earthward side of the inner near-Earth plasma sheet is not accompanied by high speed earthward ion bulk flow. The dipolarization at substorm onset is a local and small scale phenomenon. There are multiple magnetic dipolarizations occurring during the substorm expansion phase. The dipolarization process is very complex and is not simply an MHD process. It is accompanied by some kinds of plasma instabilities, the plasma sheet azimuthal expansion not only by earthward ion bulk flow during substorm. A sharp increase of the AE index does not always give an accurate substorm onset time for substorm analysis.
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Juusola, Liisa, Sanni Hoilijoki, Yann Pfau-Kempf, Urs Ganse, Riku Jarvinen, Markus Battarbee, Emilia Kilpua, Lucile Turc, and Minna Palmroth. "Fast plasma sheet flows and X line motion in the Earth's magnetotail: results from a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 1183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-1183-2018.

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Abstract. Fast plasma flows produced as outflow jets from reconnection sites or X lines are a key feature of the dynamics in the Earth's magnetosphere. We have used a polar plane simulation of the hybrid-Vlasov model Vlasiator, driven by steady southward interplanetary magnetic field and fast solar wind, to study fast plasma sheet ion flows and related magnetic field structures in the Earth's magnetotail. In the simulation, lobe reconnection starts to produce fast flows after the increasing pressure in the lobes has caused the plasma sheet to thin sufficiently. The characteristics of the earthward and tailward fast flows and embedded magnetic field structures produced by multi-point tail reconnection are in general agreement with spacecraft measurements reported in the literature. The structuring of the flows is caused by internal processes: interactions between major X points determine the earthward or tailward direction of the flow, while interactions between minor X points, associated with leading edges of magnetic islands carried by the flow, induce local minima and maxima in the flow speed. Earthward moving flows are stopped and diverted duskward in an oscillatory (bouncing) manner at the transition region between tail-like and dipolar magnetic fields. Increasing and decreasing dynamic pressure of the flows causes the transition region to shift earthward and tailward, respectively. The leading edge of the train of earthward flow bursts is associated with an earthward propagating dipolarization front, while the leading edge of the train of tailward flow bursts is associated with a tailward propagating plasmoid. The impact of the dipolarization front with the dipole field causes magnetic field variations in the Pi2 range. Major X points can move either earthward or tailward, although tailward motion is more common. They are generally not advected by the ambient flow. Instead, their velocity is better described by local parameters, such that an X point moves in the direction of increasing reconnection electric field strength. Our results indicate that ion kinetics might be sufficient to describe the behavior of plasma sheet bulk ion flows produced by tail reconnection in global near-Earth simulations. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; plasma sheet) – space plasma physics (numerical simulation studies)
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HERWITZ, DANIEL. "Gary Shapiro, Earthwards: Robert Smithson and Art After Babel." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 56, no. 1 (December 1, 1998): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540_6245.jaac56.1.0078.

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Nakamura, R., A. Retinò, W. Baumjohann, M. Volwerk, N. Erkaev, B. Klecker, E. A. Lucek, I. Dandouras, M. André, and Y. Khotyaintsev. "Evolution of dipolarization in the near-Earth current sheet induced by Earthward rapid flux transport." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 4 (April 9, 2009): 1743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-1743-2009.

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Abstract. We report on the evolution of dipolarization and associated disturbances of the near-Earth current sheet during a substorm on 27 October 2007, based upon Cluster multi-point, multi-scale observations of the night-side plasma sheet at X~−10 RE. Three dipolarization events were observed accompanied by activations on ground magnetograms at 09:07, 09:14, and 09:22 UT. We found that all these events consist of two types of dipolarization signatures: (1) Earthward moving dipolarization pulse, which is accompanied by enhanced rapid Earthward flux transport and is followed by current sheet disturbances with decrease in BZ and enhanced local current density, and subsequent (2) increase in BZ toward a stable level, which is more prominent at Earthward side and evolving tailward. During the 09:07 event, when Cluster was located in a thin current sheet, the dipolarization and fast Earthward flows were also accompanied by further thinning of the current sheet down to a half-thickness of about 1000 km and oscillation in a kink-like mode with a period of ~15 s and propagating duskward. Probable cause of this "flapping current sheet" is shown to be the Earthward high-speed flow. The oscillation ceased as the flow decreased and the field configuration became more dipolar. The later rapid flux transport events at 09:14 and 09:22 UT took place when the field configuration was initially more dipolar and were also associated with BZ disturbance and local current density enhancement, but to a lesser degree. Hence, current sheet disturbances induced by initial dipolarization pulses could differ, depending on the configuration of the current sheet.
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Wanliss, J. A., R. D. Sydora, G. Rostoker, and R. Rankin. "Origin of some anisotropic tailward flows in the plasma sheet." Annales Geophysicae 20, no. 10 (October 31, 2002): 1559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-20-1559-2002.

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Abstract. We use a test particle model to explore anisotropy and fast flows in the central plasma sheet (CPS) that are a consequence of plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) ion beam dynamics. Ion distributions and flows (velocity moments) in the CPS and equatorial current sheet (CS) are compared and we find that mirroring of initially earthward beams from the PSBL, and their subsequent convection to the CS region, results in strong anisotropy throughout the CPS. At higher latitudes, velocity moments are field-aligned and feature earthward flow. Deeper in the CPS, velocity moments yield flows in the anti-earthward direction. There is no clear distinction between the PSBL and CPS, since velocity distributions with large streaming components occur throughout the model CPS, but in the CS region they are anisotropic and nongyrotropic. In the CS region velocity moments can feature anti-earthward cross field flows. These tailward flows (> 400 km/s) are observed in the CS region between X = - 20 to - 30 RE due to nonadiabatic effects. Model results suggest that fast tailward plasma flows can be obtained without necessarily appealing to magnetotail processes associated with dynamic geomagnetic activity.Key words. Magnetospheric physics (magnetospheric con-figuration and dynamics) – Space plasma physics (charge particle motion and acceleration; numerical simulation studies)
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10

Peterson, I. "Earthward on a Rocky, Chaotic Course." Science News 128, no. 2 (July 13, 1985): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3970030.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Earthwarks"

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Chen, Chuxin. "Earthward motion of depleted flux tubes in the Earth's plasma sheet: MHD model calculations." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16805.

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A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory has been developed for the motion of a thin magnetic flux tube through a two-dimensional stationary medium that is in MHD equilibrium. The flux tube is represented as a one-dimensional filament. Simple properties of the computed time development of the filament have been explored analytically, including linear intermediate and slow-mode waves and corresponding MHD shock solutions. Numerical solutions for filaments in the tail display the strong earthward flow and dipolar shapes that are characteristic of bursty bulk flows that are frequently observed in the plasma sheet of the Earth's magnetosphere.
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Books on the topic "Earthwarks"

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Marcio, Takara, Petter Rainer, and Leigh Rob, eds. Earthward. [Pacific Palisades, Calif.]: Whirlygig Entertainment, Inc., 2012.

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Earthwards: Robert Smithson and art after Babel. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.

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Pangmulgwan, Tongsan Togi. Han'guk ŭi yet t'ogi: Earthwares of Korea. Taejŏn Kwangyŏksi: Tongsan Togi Pangmulgwan, 2008.

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Earthward: Tools of Gread Dixter. Portland, Or: Nazraeli Press, 2008.

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Judith, Nicholls, ed. Earthways, earthwise: Poems on conservation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Petrash, Carol. Earthways: Simple environmental activities for young children. Mt. Rainier, Md: Gryphon House, 1992.

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Moss, Linda. Wolf song visions: The earthwalk of Lêla and Káhla remembered. Bolton, Ont: Wolf Songs Visions, 1996.

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The prophetic revelations of Paul Solomon: Earthward toward a heavenly light. York Beach, Me: S. Weiser, 1994.

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Michael, Smith. Earthwaves. East West Discovery Press, 2019.

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Barton, Donnajean. Earthwalk. Lulu.com, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Earthwarks"

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Kirkby, Joan. "Nature Writings: ‘The dwelling earthward’." In Emily Dickinson, 110–33. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21307-8_6.

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Pite, Ralph. "Edward Thomas and Robert Frost: To Earthward." In Anticipatory Materialisms in Literature and Philosophy, 1790–1930, 219–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29817-3_13.

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Baker, D. N., and T. I. Pulkkinen. "The Earthward Edge of the Plasma Sheet in Magnetospheric Substorms." In Magnetospheric Substorms, 147–60. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm064p0147.

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Pitkänen, Timo, Maria Hamrin, Tomas Karlsson, Hans Nilsson, and Anita Kullen. "On IMF By -Induced Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in Earthward Convective Fast Flows." In Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in Planetary Plasma Environments, 95–106. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119216346.ch8.

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Kläger, Florian. "The Earthward Gaze and Self-Reflexivity in Anglophone Novels of the 1970s." In Limiting Outer Space, 131–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-36916-1_6.

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"BENT EARTHWARDS:." In Watchwords, 84–109. Stanford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqsdq2j.8.

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Gurton-Wachter, Lily. "Bent Earthwards." In Watchwords, 84–109. Stanford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804796958.003.0004.

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Ponton, Lia. "EarthWays." In Environmental Arts Therapy, 61–78. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429437649-5.

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"Looking Earthward." In The Triumph of the Snake Goddess, 160–64. Harvard University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/9780674089136-015.

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"To Earthward." In Writing New England, 145–46. Harvard University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674335486.c32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Earthwarks"

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"Distributed driving system for the excavation unit of a lunar earthwarm-type “LEAVO” excavation robot." In 21st International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and Support Technologies for Mobile Machines. CLAWAR Association Ltd., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13180/clawar.2018.10-12.09.03.

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