Academic literature on the topic 'Earthquakes – Social aspects – Nepal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Earthquakes – Social aspects – Nepal"
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Epstein, Kathleen, Jessica DiCarlo, Robin Marsh, Isha Ray, and Inger Måren. "Coping Strategies of Smallholder Farming Communities after the 2015 Nepal Earthquake: Insights into Post-Disaster Resilience and Social–Ecological Change." Case Studies in the Environment 1, no. 1 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2017.000612.
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Environmental disasters, such as hurricanes, landslides, and earthquakes, are pervasive and disproportionately affect rural and poor populations. The concept of resilience is typically used in disaster scenarios to describe how a community or person is able to “bounce back” from a disaster event. At the same time, resilience theory also contends that disasters, or environmental shocks, can produce or initiate profound changes in social and ecological systems. This case uses a post-disaster resilience assessment to examine how the series of earthquakes that hit central Nepal in 2015 impacted farming communities. Mid-montane smallholder farming communities near the epicenters of the earthquakes were the most affected and the associated damages impeded traditional and subsistence agricultural practices. Our results show how some aspects of the Nepali farming social–ecological system (SES) bounced back more quickly than others and how farmers used various types of coping strategies, including the adoption of labor-saving cash crops as part of their post-disaster recovery. The increased interest in cash crops after the earthquake accelerates an ongoing transition toward more market activities in subsistence communities and illustrates the potential of environmental shocks to transform and change SESs.
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Bhochhibhoya, Sanish, and Roisha Maharjan. "Integrated seismic risk assessment in Nepal." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 10 (October 7, 2022): 3211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3211-2022.
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Abstract. Seismic risk analysis is necessary to mitigate the potential losses resulting from future earthquakes and supplement scientific risk management. In order to assist systematic evaluation and management of risk, it is indispensable to interpret risk in terms of social and economic consequences due to hazardous events like earthquakes. There is an interrelationship between hazards, physical risk, and the social characteristics of populations. Therefore, based on the existing studies focusing on each of these aspects, this paper presents the integrated seismic risk assessment along the subdivisional administrative units of Nepal using 2011 census data. The administrative unit “provinces” are subdivided into districts and each district into municipalities and village development committees (VDCs). The districts, municipalities, and VDCs were considered as our study units. In this paper, the physical or seismic risk was evaluated from the exposure model, hazard curves, and the vulnerability model of the country, whereas the social vulnerability was assessed using social vulnerability index (SoVI) methods. To formulate the physical risk, the assets used were five types of buildings under the exposure model. This model was combined with the physical vulnerability functions of the building and the hazard curves of the country. The result of the physical risk has been presented as annual average loss (AAL). Similarly, among 92 social vulnerability variables, 54 variables were reduced to 7 weighted parameters using principal component analysis (PCA). The scores of a total of 45 parameters were used to evaluate the SoVI index, which was further combined with the physical risk to evaluate integrated risk. The results showed that populated cities like Kathmandu, Hetauda, and Janakpur have a highly integrated risk index. Similarly, the Terai region bordering its neighbor India and some parts of the central hilly region are highly vulnerable, while most parts of the mountainous region in the central and eastern regions are the least vulnerable. The results from the present study can be utilized as a part of a comprehensive risk management framework at the district level to recuperate and recover from earthquakes.
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KC, Alisha, Connie Cai Ru Gan, and Febi Dwirahmadi. "Breaking Through Barriers and Building Disaster Mental Resilience: A Case Study in the Aftermath of the 2015 Nepal Earthquakes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16 (August 17, 2019): 2964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162964.
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Introduction: Nepal was hit by two devastating earthquakes in 2015 that disrupted its socio-economic system and shattered many lives, resulting in increased mental health issues during the post-earthquake phase. Disasters can have severe mental health impacts on the affected population, making it necessary to enhance resilience within communities and to help them to adapt well in the face of adversities. From these earthquakes, this study looks to identify measures needed to develop community mental resilience for disaster preparedness in Nepal. Method: We conducted this research using the qualitative case study method and thematic analysis (TA). Result: Several activities were carried out by organizations to support the psycho-social aspects of communities, but were challenged by existing barriers. After considering the present context, this study presents five recommendations for mental resilience and also suggests the utilization of existing resources, such as faith-based organizations and teachers in the communities. Despite the considerable impact, communities demonstrate their own resilience, to some extent, through the culture of sharing and helping each other. Conclusions: A firm commitment is required from the government to enhance resilience by mainstreaming mental health in all areas of disaster management and planning.
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Dhakal, Dipendra, and Keiko Yoshino. "COPING STRATEGIES WITH MUTUAL COOPERATION AND USE OF LOCAL RESOURCES ON DISASTER BY NEPALESE RURAL PEOPLE: A CASE FROM NUWAKOT DISTRICT, NEPAL." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 4, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v4i2.2101.
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Nepal is vulnerable to environmental disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, floods and hurricanes. These disasters disproportionately affect rural life. Disaster risks are often approached in a purely technical and physical manner, but people’s behaviour in the face of natural hazards and disasters is influenced by various factors such as historical, economic, political and socio-cultural factors. This case uses a post-disaster resilience assessment focusing on cooperation during the recovery after a severe earthquake that hit central Nepal in 2015 which impacted rural communities. This paper analyses the people’s behaviour and its basic logic at post-earthquake recovery from a socio-cultural aspect focusing on the gaun, the basic minimal informal social unit. Special consideration was made to the ethnic heterogeneity of the communities studied. For the purpose of this study, key informants interview (KII), group discussion and transect walk were used. This study finds that gaun based local resources are traditional and primary resources for people’s daily life but the ward and VDC based resources are newly formed. Various forms of cooperation were observed regardless ethnicity at the gaun level. This study further reveals that local people’s activities towards the post-disaster recovery can be described in three periods. They are: emergent, resilient, reconstruction periods. On the basis of the study of these periods for post-disaster recovery, a very good social relationship among gaun people at emergency was realized.
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Bredenoord, Jan, Wutinai Kokkamhaeng, Pichit Janbunjong, Ongarj Nualplod, Suwatchai Thongnoy, Wasana Khongwong, Piyalak Ngernchuklin, and Aparat Mahakhant. "Interlocking Block Masonry (ISSB) for Sustainable Housing Purposes in Thailand, With Additional Examples From Cambodia and Nepal." Engineering Management Research 8, no. 2 (September 20, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/emr.v8n2p42.
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This paper is about Interlocking Stabilized Soil Blocks (ISSB) as developed in Thailand. ISSB are seen as an eco-friendly building material for home building and structures such as water tanks and sanitation facilities. For several decades the Thai R&D Institute TISTR has worked on developing and testing ISSB, which in other countries are called compressed stabilized earth blocks or CSEB. The composition of building blocks and the quality of building structures determine together the structural quality of the house or building. If there is a need for earthquake- and storm resistance, the building blocks and the structures must have specific features. Building stacked houses is an important issue given the growing scarcity of land for housing and the increasing land prices. ISSB is not only applied in Thailand, but also in Cambodia for low-cost housing and in Nepal for home reconstruction after the 2015 earthquake. ISSB or CSEB is also applied in other countries as an alternative building material and technology to replace the use of fired bricks and concrete building blocks for housing. Reducing the use of cement in the materials and structures is important for environmental reasons, but in ISSB/CSEB the use of cement as a stabilizer cannot always be avoided. This is surely the case in areas where earthquakes, heavy storms and floods can occur. Although this paper focuses mainly on technical aspects of sustainable housing and construction, there is also a focus on social sustainability, meaning a strong involvement of local communities in the production of sustainable building materials for walls, newly developed construction technologies, and mutual house and facility construction.
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Lizundia, Bret, Rachel A. Davidson, Youssef M. A. Hashash, and Rob Olshansky. "Overview of the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake and the Earthquake Spectra Special Issue." Earthquake Spectra 33, no. 1_suppl (December 2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/120817eqs252m.
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On 25 April 2015, a Mw7.8 earthquake struck near Gorka, Nepal. The earth-quake and its aftershocks caused over 8,790 deaths and 22,300 injuries; a half a million homes were destroyed; and hundreds of historical and cultural monuments were destroyed or extensively damaged ( NPC 2015 ). Triggered landslides blocked access to road networks, and other lifelines were significantly impacted. Damage occurred in the capital of Kathmandu and the surrounding valley basin, but the most heavily affected areas were in more rural regions of central Nepal where losses to some towns were severe. Recovery has been slow, but progress is being made in rebuilding and repairing lost and damaged buildings and infrastructure. This Earthquake Spectra special issue provides a compendium of research papers on the Gorkha earthquake. They are organized into five topics: (1) seismology, ground motion, and geotechnical issues; (2) lifelines; (3) buildings; (4) cultural heritage structures; and (5) social science and public policy related topics. This overview summarizes key aspects of the earthquake and highlights findings from the special issue papers.
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Suvedi, Mukti. "Significant accomplishment of the post-disaster housing reconstruction: A community perspective from 2015 earthquake affected communities in Nepal." Contemporary Research: An Interdisciplinary Academic Journal 4, no. 1 (November 8, 2020): 110–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/craiaj.v4i1.32754.
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In spite of the significant grants and supports after 2015 earthquake, housing reconstruction faced numerous challenges in addressing the needs of the disaster affected communities. The earthquake threatened almost all aspects of the societies in14 of the most affected districts. Government of Nepal and various development partners, including bilateral agencies, were involved in the implementation of housing reconstruction projects in different districts. All these initiatives in communities yielded diverse results. Because of the resulting disquiet from the public, the post-disaster housing reconstruction is becoming the concern and dilemma to researchers, development and humanitarian organizations worldwide. It is evident that private housing reconstruction is complicated and slow process, which is knotted with social, economic, and political dimensions. The paper highlights the significant contributing factors for accomplishing the housing reconstruction after the earthquake. A multi-dimensional holistic approach interprets the nexus of successful reconstruction, which are discussed in the paper. This paper serves as a valuable resource that highlights the significant factors for the government, development and humanitarian partners, and researchers.
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Dhungel, Ranjan, Surya Narayan Shrestha, Ramesh Guragain, Manish Raj Gouli, Ayush Baskota, and Bishnu Hadkhale. "Socio-technical module in assistance: Promoting resilient reconstruction in the wake of a disaster." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 58 (June 25, 2019): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v58i0.24598.
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Disasters every year proclaim life of thousands and destruct infrastructures worth billions worldwide. Moreover, the developing countries are more prone to hazards as they are found to be lagging in early preparedness regarding the consequences of disaster. Nepal, in the wake of the 7.8 magnitude 2015 Gorkha Earthquake had to face devastating effects as the country lost nearly ten-thousand lives and structures accounting 6.69 billion US$ (NRA, 2016). Private Housing, one of the subordinates of social sector, faced the colossal damage, making the dwellers bound to take shelter under the makeshift tents. To that end, government has adopted owner driven approach for reconstruction and it is advancing in an amplified way. Since the rural terrains with low strength masonry had to face shattering effects, the reconstruction demands their construction with incorporation of seismic resistant components. The technique of construction since significantly differs than the primitive way, diverse modes of assistance is required by house owners to make their buildings codal compliant, which is also linked with obtaining subsidy. Not only reconstruction is a technical process, rather it is also a blend of economic, social and cross cutting issues. Having said that, the paper aims to study a multidimensional approach of socio-technical assistance (STA) through the study of different cases of ongoing post-earthquake reconstruction. The paper studies the impacts of socio-technical assistance being provided at various earthquake affected areas to understand what aspects of socio-technical assistance are aiding in the current reconstruction process. In conclusion, the paper identifies the core areas of sociotechnical assistance that is required in the aftermath of a disaster and how the current institutional structure can be modified to enhance the quality of socio-technical assistance being provided through various government and non-government agencies.
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Hope, Max, John McCloskey, Mairead Nicbhloscaidh, Dominic Crowley, and Dom Hunt. "Triggering multi-actor change cascades: Non-representational theory and deep disaster risk management co-production." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 1158–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619894878.
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Deep-rooted socio-ecological and technical systems, values and lifestyles, ‘locked in’ by vested interests and flows of power, underpin the interconnected problems of climate change, hazard vulnerability and poverty. A ‘shallow’ approach to co-production, with its focus on knowledge exchange and shared learning between individuals, struggles to gain the ‘purchase’ needed to transform these material structures. In this paper we demonstrate that non-representational theory is a good starting point for an alternative ‘deep’ approach to disaster risk management co-production. We review key aspects of non-representational theory and their application to disaster risk management and build a novel hybrid conceptual framework. We use this to analyse a case study of disaster risk management co-production (an aftershock forecasting approach used by humanitarian agencies during the Nepal 2015 earthquake), how social change occurred in this instance, and the role disaster risk management co-production played. We emphasise how change was the consequence of unexpected shifts in assemblages of human, non-human, virtual and real actors. These created ‘events’ that were opportunities for change that were realised with fidelity. Using this analysis, we develop an alternative deep approach to co-production, as ‘a practical means of going on’, and finish with five precepts to guide transformative disaster risk management based on the concept of multi-actor change cascades.
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Ulak, Nimesh. "Nepal's Earthquake-2015: Its Impact on Various Sectors." Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 7 (June 21, 2016): 58–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gaze.v7i0.15120.
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Natural Calamities are unavoidable events that lead to chaos, crisis and disaster. Nepal faced a disastrous earthquake: 7.8 Richter scale. Being repeatedly analyzed about the vulnerability of earthquake in Nepal, the country seems not prepared enough for the event. The unpreparedness had taken many lives including tangible and intangible values of society and cultural aesthetics. The earthquake has hindered the overall economic, social and environmental aspect. Tourism was one of the major economic backbones for the nation which with the event has barred at least for sometimes. According to the survey conducted on the Tourism Employment by Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation (MoCTCA) indicates that approximately 138,148 persons were engaged in the tourism sector (National Planning Commission, 2015b: 118). The pre-earthquake data, indicates that 487,500 jobs which would be 3.5 percent of the total employment in Nepal. The number of jobs was expected to rise by 4 percent in 2015 and 3 percent per annum to 681,000 jobs (World Travel and Trade Council, 2015). According to World Health Organization, the epicenter of the earthquake was Barpakh, Gorkha and the magniturde of the earthquake has catastrophic effect on 14 district of Nepal, including Gorkha, Dhading, Rasuwa, Sndhupalchok, Kavre, Nuwakot, Dolakha, Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Khaktapur, Ramechap, Sindhuli, Okhaldhunga and Makwanpur districts out of which Dolakha and Sindhupalchok are the most severely affected districts by the second earthquake on 13 May, World Health Organization (WHO, 2015).The Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Vol.7 2015 pp.58-86
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Earthquakes – Social aspects – Nepal"
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Hepburn, Sharon Jean. "Western minds, foreign bodies : the anthropologist in third world health development." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63795.
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Shrestha, Uma. "Social networks and code-switching in the Newar community of Kathmandu City." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720143.
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The present study seeks to investigate the linguistic behavior of two Newari high castes, called Shresthas and Udas, living in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, in their use of Newari, the ethnic language, and Nepali, the national language. Specifically, the study attempts to explain the hypothesis that the Hindu (Shrestha) Newars are becoming monolingual in Nepali while the Buddhist (Udas) Newars are maintaining their bilingualism in Nepali and Newari. To do so, a questionnaire was distributed to a total of 96 subjects, selected through quota sampling procedures. The questionnaire not only elicits information about the situational and societal variation in the subjects' use of Newari and Nepali but also reveals their attitudes and opinions about the differential use of these languages. Also, the participant observation method was employed to supplement and validate the responses derived from the questionnaire survey.The results from this study suggest a diglossic behavior in the Udas' use of Newari and Nepali, which, however, is remarkably different from those found in classic diglossic settings. This, in turn, leads to a reexamination of Ferguson's concept of diglossia. The Shresthas, on the other hand, frequently alternate between Newari and Nepali regardless of situation. Such linguistic differences between these two groups are related to their varied social networks and relationships; the Udas Newars' greater use of Newari is due to their closed social networks while the Shresthas' greater use of Nepali is due to their open social networks.The data on the analysis of the subjects' attitudes and opinions toward Nepali and Newari indicate that the Udas Newars are positive and favorable toward Newari while the Shresthas are ambivalent in their opinions toward these languages. This study, therefore, emphasizes a strong need for bilingual education in the country.The results of the present study show that the Udas' use of Newari exclusively at home and with children is a major factor in its retention. Among the Shresthas, it is rapidly losing ground to Nepali. Newari then is gradually dying away among the Shresthas, and will continually do so in the absence of institutional support.Department of English
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Shrestha, Sabreena. "Rediscovering and recognizing the chowks (courtyards & squares) of Kathmandu, Nepal : a study of their physical, social, and experiential characteristics." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1355603.
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The city fabric has overlapping layers of physical, social, and experiential characteristics. The physical form created by the built structures, the social form shaped by the activities of the living beings, and the experiential form produced by the psychic implications of the interaction of living beings and the built environment. In my thesis I argue that the real understanding of the city fabric can only be obtained by observing it from all the physical, social, and experiential aspects.In this thesis, I have conducted a case study of the city fabric of Kathmandu. Its fabric comprises of a compact organic structure of chowks interconnected with alleys and streets with array of building facades. This study analyses the built structure, the social structure, and the interaction of human with the built environment in the chowks of Kathmandu city through a series of graphic illustrations. It has produced an in-depth understanding of the chowks and the city fabric as a whole. This type of study can be conducted to clarify the structure and setting of the city fabric. Urban designers can use this type of study to project potential strategies for further development of the city in the right direction and also assist in the urban design of new cities.Department of Architecture
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Lackner, Stephanie. "Ground Shaking and Socio-Economic Impacts of Earthquakes." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8708CS3.
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Earthquake impacts are widely studied across numerous disciplines. However, no systematic approach to quantify the "size" of an earthquake for impact research exists. This work provides the first comprehensive discussion and empirical study on how to measure the natural hazard of an earthquake for application in the social sciences. A data set consisting of all relevant global ground shaking from 1973 to 2015 combined with population exposure data and impact data is constructed based on 14,608 ShakeMaps. The empirical work shows that magnitude is not a good proxy for shaking and that measures of total earthquake size based on ground motion parameters perform better in explaining impacts than magnitude. In particular peak ground acceleration (PGA) performs well and is applied for two separate impact analyses. First, the relationship between earthquake ground shaking and public health related variables in California is investigated. Second, the global impact of earthquake ground shaking on long-run economic growth is studied. Furthermore, this work introduces the concept of a shaking center as well as a shaking centroid and provides the first global statistics on the area exposed to strong ground shaking for a given earthquake.
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Ghimire, Damodar. "Monitoring of social forestry in Nepal : a case study of the Nepal-Australia Forestry Project." Master's thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/143441.
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Mahat, T. B. S. "Human impact on forests in the middle hills of Nepal." Phd thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/143458.
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Gil, Ureta Magdalena Sofia. "Catastrophe and state building: lessons from Chile's seismic history." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8H995DN.
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Catastrophes are usually seen as a threat to a country’s stability and progress. Some countries are regarded as prepared to face them and ready to deal with the consequences, but still, a disaster is always presented at the very least as an inconvenience. Contrary to this line of thinking, this dissertation shows that catastrophes can present an opportunity for state-building. Catastrophes, and the profound sense of insecurity they cause, force institutions to demonstrate their adeptness, or change. Specifically, catastrophes challenge state power because they test its basic role as protector from physical harm. Consequently, when disaster happens the state is put to the test. States that arise triumphant from this challenge may use the opportunity to increase its strength and develop new capacities.
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Malla, Y. B. "The changing role of the forest resource in the hills of Nepal." Phd thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142926.
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Hobley, Mary Elizabeth Agnes. "Social reality, social forestry : the case of two Nepalese panchayats." Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142902.
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Niraula, Bhanu Bhakta. "The socioeconomic context of high fertility in rural Nepal : the case of Benighat." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117167.
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Until very recently Nepal has been characterized by the persistence of high fertility
despite a government-pronounced population policy to lower fertility rates in
successive development plans. This thesis, using data from Benighat area in
Dhading district of the Nepalese hills, examines various contexts of fertility and
arrives at the conclusion that the study village is at the onset of fertility transition.
The age at marriage has remained too low to inhibit fertility even though some
increase in age at marriage over the years has been noted. There are wide variations
in marriage patterns reflecting traditional norms but changes are taking place in
attitudes towards age at marriage. Fertility differentials among various
socioeconomic classes result from low age at marriage and differential access to
economic and social services. Women in households with better access to
education, land ownership, income and proximity to the highway were in the
forefront of fertility regulation even though their completed family size was
somewhat higher than that of the others, indicating the limited effects of
contraception on fertility.
Most Benighat women do not use contraception for spacing and the family
planning services delivery mechanism promotes permanent methods which are
suitable for couples in higher parities, but give limited options for those who want
contraception for spacing.
Although programs introduced for the purposes of social engineering, including
family planning programs, are beginning to show positive effects in the desired
direction, the pace of change is rather slow to alter values and norms regarding
family size and childbearing for a rapid fertility decline. Recent changes in the
Nepalese political system provide an environment conducive to designing a
comprehensive population strategy. Some policy options are recommended for an
effective fertility reduction program.
Books on the topic "Earthquakes – Social aspects – Nepal"
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Surviving earthquakes. London: Raintree, 2012.
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Figliuolo, Bruno. Il terremoto del 1456. Altavilla Silentina: Studi storici meridionali, 1988.
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Social dynamics of deforestation: Case study in Nepal. Carnforth: Parthenon, 1995.
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Il filosofo e la catastrofe: Un terremoto del Settecento. Torino: G. Einaudi, 1985.
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Yadav, Sohan Ram. Rural and agrarian social structure of Nepal. New Delhi, India: Commonwealth Publishers, 1992.
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O an: Saat 03.02. Cağaloğlu, İstanbul: Bilge, 2002.
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Salcedo, César Eduardo Quiroga. El terremoto de San Juan del 27 de octubre de 1894: Sus efectos en el contexto cultural de la provincia. San Juan, República Argentina: Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes, 1987.
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Kunwar, Ramesh Raj. Anthropology of tourism: A case study of Chitwan-Sauraha, Nepal. Delhi: Adroit Publishers, 2002.
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Earthquake nation: The cultural politics of Japanese seismicity, 1868-1930. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.
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Soussan, John. The social dynamics of deforestation: A case study from Nepal. New York: Parthenon Pub. Group, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Earthquakes – Social aspects – Nepal"
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Das, Rudrajit, and Rahel Vetsch. "Key SBCC Actions in a Rapid-Onset Emergency: Case Study From the 2015 Nepal Earthquakes." In Handbook of Communication for Development and Social Change, 847–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2014-3_129.
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Das, Rudrajit, and Rahel Vetsch. "Key SBCC Actions in a Rapid-Onset Emergency: Case Study From the 2015 Nepal Earthquakes." In Handbook of Communication for Development and Social Change, 1–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7035-8_129-1.
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Santos-Reyes, Jaime. "September 2017 Mexico City Earthquakes." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 235–53. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7210-8.ch011.
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The chapter presents the results on the performance of the SASMEX during the 2017 earthquakes that hit Mexico City. The approach has been the use of a questionnaire-based survey to a sample population of N=2,400. The results are discussed in the context of a systemic disaster management system (SDMS) model. A summary of the key findings are: 1) for the 07 September earthquake, age and occupation were significantly associated with the performance of the SASMEX system, to the extent that young (13-20 years old) participants considered the early warning system as very useful; however, employees considered it as “not at all” useful; 2) for the 19 September earthquake, age and occupation were significantly associated with the SASMEX performance. In particular, the subjects in the over-50 range considered the system as “not at all” useful, and students and employees regarded it as “very useful”; 3) given 1 and 2, it is necessary to further educate the residents of the capital city on the functioning of the SASMEX system (e.g., its strengths and weaknesses, warning time, etc.).
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Yilmaz, Zafer. "Using GIS in Disaster Response Operations." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 176–99. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7210-8.ch009.
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Earthquakes come first compared with other disasters concerning casualties and economic losses. Thousands of people need heath and logistic support after earthquakes. Therefore, legal authorities focus on finding best locations for logistics depots to reach the demand points as soon as possible. Linear and non-linear models are used to find depot locations. In this study, alternatively, geographic information system (GIS) is used to find the optimal locations of depots among candidates. A new model is introduced which cover the earthquake effects while estimating the vehicle speeds on road segments. Optimal locations of depots are found both with and without including the earthquake effects on vehicle speeds and travel times on the road segments in order to compare the results. A case study is applied for Bahçelievler town in Istanbul. Three depot locations are found among 21 candidate locations (facilities) for 62 estimated demand points. The results show that the depot locations are not necessarily the same whether the earthquake effects on travel times are included or not.
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Comfort, Louise K. "Operative Adaptive Systems." In The Dynamics of Risk, 92–133. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691165370.003.0006.
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This chapter details the findings and analysis for operative adaptive systems. Four earthquake response and recovery systems included in this study fall in this initial category of operative adaptive systems: the 1999 Duzce, Turkey, earthquake; the 2009 Padang, Indonesia, earthquake; the 2011 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear breach; and the 2015 Nepal earthquakes. All four response systems share the characteristic of seeking to adapt rapidly to an environment suddenly altered by a major earthquake. Yet, the capacity of each governmental system to extend the process of adaptation beyond the immediate response into a newly re-stabilized recovery system varied markedly, depending on the scale of the destruction incurred, the scope of reconstruction required, and the rate of change over time needed for recovery. Moreover, while each of these four cases exhibited some capacity in technical and social areas, none had strong midlevel networks that could bridge national and local functions easily.
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de Montlaur, Bénédicte. "World Monuments Fund Lessons from the Field: Heritage Recovery in Post-Crisis Areas." In Heritage Reconstruction and People: Integrated Recovery After Trauma, 381–93. Arab Regional Centre for World Heritage, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56500/c-r2059.
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World Monuments Fund (WMF) is the leading independent organization devoted to safeguarding the world’s most treasured places, with more than half a century of experience working with communities and heritage sites affected by disaster, including the Historic Center of Mostar, the Char Narayan Temple in Nepal, and urban centres damaged by earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan. At all these sites, WMF’s aim has been to establish projects centred on sustainable development and urban revitalization, linking heritage recovery with long-term community benefits. The breadth of our experience allows us to consider how specific strategies for heritage rehabilitation aid in the process of social and economic recovery. This essay presents the principal lessons gleaned from our experience in post-disaster recovery, both comparing and contrasting the different approaches we have used and looking at the success of their outcomes. These lessons provide a valuable foundation for an enriched professional approach to heritage preservation and rehabilitation in post-disaster areas, linking short-term actions to long-term recovery.
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Mitchell, Bruce. "Stakeholders and Partnerships." In Resource and Environmental Management, 145–76. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190885816.003.0006.
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Key aspects of sustainable development and resilience include empowerment of local people, self-reliance, and social justice. One way to achieve those aspects is to incorporate experience, knowledge, and understanding of various groups and people. The terms “stakeholders” and “partnerships” are often used to characterize engaging organized interest groups and the general public into resource and environmental planning. This chapter reviews characteristics of stakeholder engagement through partnerships. Attention also is given to the role of local knowledge, including gender perspectives, to inform plans and decisions. In-depth case studies include a state-wide network of partnerships in Wisconsin, stakeholder consultation to manage conflict between commercial fishers and tourism in a natural park in Mexico, the Chipko movement in India, and gender engagement regarding climate change in Nepal. Wendy Cridland, in her guest statement, examines partnership initiatives to address proliferation of an aggressive invasive non-native weed species in coastal wetlands of Lake Erie, Ontario.
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Shrestha, Tina. "Nepali." In Language Communities in Japan, 129–37. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856610.003.0013.
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Nepali is one of the national languages of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, with an estimated 17 million speakers. The Nepali language is tied to the historical construction of Nepali diasporic consciousness and migrant-community formations worldwide, including Japan. The mass outmigration of Nepalis began with the democratization process in the 1990s. Nepalis are the largest South Asian community in Japan, and Nepali is one of the major migrant languages of Japan. The vibrant and ethno-linguistically diverse Nepalis contribute to various aspects of Japanese civic life—as long-term residents, newly arrived entrepreneurs, restauranteurs, trainees, student-workers, and caregivers. An emphasis on their status as a homogenous group of ‘temporary workers’ dominates media representations. This affects their social visibility and access to healthcare, education, translation, and interpretation of many first- and second-generation Nepali youth.
Conference papers on the topic "Earthquakes – Social aspects – Nepal"
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Karn, Arodh Lal, and Rakshha Kumari Karna. "Social media and tourism promotion: the case of travelmarketers facebook fan pages after Nepal earthquake." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.089.
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Purpose – the purpose of this research is to systematically understand the behavioral and emotional aspects of potential tourists and investigated the conceptual model in the context of the travel marketers’ (TMs) facebook fan pages. Research methodology – the present study performed the two-step SEM approach suggested. the first step involved confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), which was used to validate scales for the measurement of specific constructs proposed in a research model and SEM followed. Findings – the supportive part of the conceptual framework studied how the cognitive (information source, social interaction ties, design characteristics) and effective (entertainment) factors influenced attitudes. Research limitations – the key limitation of this topic may belong to the propensity of the sample to embody the population. This also has a certain influence on SEM exploration. Practical implications – this study provides important guidelines for fan pages’ designers and marketers in the tourism sector especially during the time of destination image crisis. Originality/Value – this research was the earliest to relate the prototype willingness model on travel and tourism Facebook fan pages. In a sense, this research offers a basis for acclimating the prototype willingness model to the touristry social media setting.
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Lindborg, PerMagnus. "Feeling Loki's Pain: Designing and Evaluating a DIY 3D Auditory Display for Geodata Sonification." In ICAD 2021: The 26th International Conference on Auditory Display. icad.org: International Community for Auditory Display, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2021.004.
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Loki’s Pain is an immersive 3D audio installation artwork, a sonification of seismic activity. Visitors take the place of Loki, who was punished by the gods and caused earthquakes. We designed an auditory display in the shape of a hemi-dodecahedron and built a prototype with a low-budget, DIY approach. Seismic data were retrieved from the Internet. Location, magnitude, and epicentre depth of hundreds of recent earthquakes were sonified with physical modelling synthesis into a 10-minute piece. The visitor experience was evaluated in a listening experiment (N = 7), comparing the installation with a version for headphones. Differences on eight semantic scales were small. A content analysis of focus group discussions nuanced the investigated topics, and qualitative interpretation strengthened the quantitative findings. Verbal expressions of immersivity were stronger in the installation, which stimulated longer and more detailed responses. Aspects such as audio quality, the structure's physical-visual shape, and multisensorial design evoked both positive and negative emotions, and elicited imagination and memory recall. However, the assumed capacity of the LOKI structure to stimulate a richer social experience than that of headphone listening was not supported by the responses in this study.
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Rogulska, Aleksandra. "TEMPORARY CULTURAL FACILITIES AS AN ELEMENT OF REBUILDING STRATEGIES FOR CITIES AFFECTED BY EARTHQUAKES." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/35.
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The Apennine Peninsula is one of the most densely-populated and most seismically active regions of Europe, possessing a wealth of cultural heritage. Historical cities and buildings are a part of this heritage. The earthquake damage prevention programme implemented in Italy does not cover existing buildings, and reconstruction plans for damaged cities, because of the threat's specificity, are always prepared after a disaster. In the case of heritage buildings, particularly those of super-local significance, decisions involving a complete reconstruction of their original form are typically made, erasing all traces of the tragedy. Reconstruction can take years, during which society is left without cultural facilities that are key to good morale. Opportunities provided by the phase between a disaster and restoring the buildings are too often underappreciated, while the time spent making the decision what and how to rebuild should be spent on action. Strategies involving temporary buildings allow to prevent the disappearance of public functions during the period preceding the reconstruction of major cultural facilities. These buildings should be designed as resilient, assuming a capacity to adapt to changing conditions and upholding or rapidly returning to a functional state after a disaster. They can enable the time between the disaster and making the decision about reconstruction to be used to identify and test new relations in the surroundings created through the loss of a section of substance. They provoke a debate about what must be rebuilt and at what cost, they facilitate understanding of the goals of a planned reconstruction. But most importantly, they sustain the genius loci, in order to affect the city's reconstruction process in its social, psychological and economic aspects. By analysing temporary cultural facilities built in Italian cities damaged by earthquakes, the study discusses methods of building temporary public buildings and features an attempt at assessing interventions that precede reconstruction. Based on the experiences of the city of L'Aquila severely damaged in 2009 and drawing conclusions from mistakes made during the implementation of pre-reconstruction strategies in the town, the author developed a proposal of a temporary intervention for the Basilica of St. Benedict of Nursia, which collapsed on the 30th of October 2016 as an effect of the Amatrice-Visso-Norcia seismic sequence. The proposal stresses the preservation of the previous function of the complex at its original site. This is meant to maintain the occupancy of Norcia's centre by the Benedictine monks, whose tradition is strongly linked with the city and makes it a major pilgrimage destination that is important to Christians.
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Robles Robles, Dimas, and Einstein Castillo Martínez. "Case of Geotechnical Instrumentation of Pipelines in Unstable Zones: Real Time Readings and its Development in Uncommunicated Zones." In ASME 2017 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2017-2526.
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Oil pipelines and gas pipelines usually go through geotechnically unstable areas for different reasons. These can go from situations related to the engineering stage (trace), to environmental and social aspects during the construction process. Due to these aspects, the ducts go through geotechnically undesirable areas. Usually, the geotechnical instabilities, according to the kind of movement, are low speed (cm/year), medium (m/year) and very quick processes that generate movements of tens to hundreds of meters per day. Most of Mass Removal Phenomenon (MRF) are triggered by rain and/or earthquakes and are translated into land movements which at the same time involve, occasionally, important deformations in pipelines or its breaking, depending on the movement speed and the possibility of making works before the pipeline breaking. To get to know the pipeline tensional state from the beginning of the pipeline operation, in this unstable zones, is an essential task, which depends on the early identification of the said land movements and the possibility to do measurements on the pipelines using tools such as In-line inspection running (ILI) or the installation of strain gauges. This situation makes the task of monitoring in unstable zones a vital one. The current paper is based on a breaking pipeline case due to soil movement, “monitored by inclinometers”, with the purpose to show the importance of a geotechnical and mechanical instrumentation that offers useful results. The instrumentation allows to model the interaction soil-pipeline to accomplish relevant tasks, that avoid the pipeline breaking and at the same time allow to stablish deformation thresholds of soil or pipeline, which will become early warnings to avoid breakings. Furthermore, the soil and pipeline’s deformation thresholds are documented, based on a system transport by pipelines (STP) breaking cases, to stablish threat classifications to a specific pipeline. The called instrument reading in real time implies: detection, measurement and data broadcasting that allows the user to have daily records of the movements or required associated variables, with no need to depend on other communication systems that might be inexistent in some areas. This paper also shows the development and operation of a monitoring station that includes: inclinometers, piezometers, strain gauges and rain gauges, among others. These broadcast their data to a server that the user has access to, from any place with a Wi-Fi network, here the user will be able to display information from each one of the instruments, emphasizing the measured variables or magnitudes (displacement, water level, micro strain mm/day) into graphics. The station has a limitation over battery length of 6 months, when it’s problematic to install a recharge solar cell system.