Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Earthquake theory'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Earthquake theory.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 48 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Earthquake theory.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Sachs, Michael Karl. "Earthquake Scaling, Simulation and Forecasting." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3646390.
Full textAbstract:
Earthquakes are among the most devastating natural events faced by society. In 2011, just two events, the magnitude 6.3 earthquake in Christcurch New Zealand on February 22, and the magnitude 9.0 Tōhoku earthquake off the coast of Japan on March 11, caused a combined total of $226 billion in economic losses. Over the last decade, 791,721 deaths were caused by earthquakes. Yet, despite their impact, our ability to accurately predict when earthquakes will occur is limited. This is due, in large part, to the fact that the fault systems that produce earthquakes are non-linear. The result being that very small differences in the systems now result in very big differences in the future, making forecasting difficult. In spite of this, there are patterns that exist in earthquake data. These patterns are often in the form of frequency-magnitude scaling relations that relate the number of smaller events observed to the number of larger events observed. In many cases these scaling relations show consistent behavior over a wide range of scales. This consistency forms the basis of most forecasting techniques. However, the utility of these scaling relations is limited by the size of the earthquake catalogs which, especially in the case of large events, are fairly small and limited to a few 100 years of events.
In this dissertation I discuss three areas of earthquake science. The first is an overview of scaling behavior in a variety of complex systems, both models and natural systems. The focus of this area is to understand how this scaling behavior breaks down. The second is a description of the development and testing of an earthquake simulator called Virtual California designed to extend the observed catalog of earthquakes in California. This simulator uses novel techniques borrowed from statistical physics to enable the modeling of large fault systems over long periods of time. The third is an evaluation of existing earthquake forecasts, which focuses on the Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models (RELM) test: the first competitive test of earthquake forecasts in California.
2
Hill, John C. "Building in the earthquake zone : American antifoundational theory." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261013.
Full text
3
Green, P. "Vector fields and Thurston's theory of earthquakes." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383789.
Full text
4
Shaikhutdinov, Rustem V. "Structural damage evaluation : theory and applications to earthquake engineering /." Pasadena : California Institute of Technology, Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, 2004. http://caltecheerl.library.caltech.edu.
Full text
5
Haji, Akbari Fini Siavash. "Theory and simulation of electromagnetic dampers for earthquake engineering applications." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57068.
Full textAbstract:
The present study develops applications of electromagnetic devices in Civil Engineering. Three different types of electromagnetic system are investigated through mathematical and numerical models.
Chapter 3 deals with Coil-Based Electromagnetic Damper (CBED). CBEDs can operate as passive, semi-active and active systems. They can also be considered as energy harvesting systems. However, results show that CBEDs cannot simultaneously perform as an energy harvesting and vibration control system. In order to assess the maximum capacity of CBEDs, an optimization is conducted. Results show that CBEDs can produce high damping density only when they are considered as a passive vibration control system.
Chapter 4 deals with the development of a novel Eddy Current Damper (ECD). The eddy current damper uses permanent magnets arranged in a circular manner to create a strong magnetic field, where specially shaped conductive plates are placed between the permanent magnets to cut through the magnetic fields. Detailed analytical equations are derived and verified using the finite element analysis program Flux. The verified analytical models are used to optimize the damper design to reach the maximum damping capacity. The analytical simulation shows that the proposed eddy current damper can provide a high damping density up to 2,733 kN-s/m⁴.
The Hybrid Electromagnetic Damper (HEMD) are developed and designed in Chapter 5. The idea is to couple the CBED and ECD with the aim of designing a semi-active, active and energy harvesting electromagnetic damper. The simulation results show that it is feasible to manufacture hybrid electromagnetic dampers for industrial applications.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
6
Asgary, Ali. "Assessing the economic benefits of earthquake risk mitigation measures." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307920.
Full text
7
Karadeniz, Ece. "Ground motion sensitivity analyses for the greater St. Louis Metropolitan area." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Karadeniz_09007dcc805a5fb0.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed June 5, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-132).
8
Stathas, Alexandros. "Numerical modeling of earthquake faults." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ECDN0053.
Full textAbstract:
Lors d’un glissement sismique, l’énergie libérée par la décharge élastique des blocs de terre adjacente peut être séparée en trois parties principales : L’énergie qui est rayonnée à la surface de la terre (_ 5% du budget énergétique total), l’énergie de fracture pour la création de nouvelles surfaces de faille et enfin, l’énergie dissipée à l’intérieur d’une région de la faille, d’épaisseur finie, que l’on appelle le “fault gouge ". Cette région accumule la majorité du glissement sismique. Estimer correctement la largeur de fault gouge est d’une importance capitale pour calculer l’énergie dissipée pendant le séisme, le comportement frictionnel de la faille et les conditions de nucléation de la faille sous la forme d’un glissement sismique ou asismique.Dans cette thèse, approches différentes de régularisation ont été explorées pour l’estimation de la largeur de localisation de la zone de glissement principal de la faille pendant le glissement cosmique. Celles-ci comprennent l’application de la viscosité et des couplages multiphasiques dans le continuum classique de Cauchy, et l’introduction d’un continuum micromorphe de Cosserat du premier ordre. Tout d’abord, nous nous concentrons sur le rôle de la régularisation visqueuse dans le contexte des analyses dynamiques, en tant que méthode de régularisation de la localisation des déformations. Nous étudions le cas dynamique d’un continuum de Cauchy classique adoucissant à la déformation et durcissant à la vitesse de déformation. En appliquant l’analyse de stabilité de Lyapunov, nous montrons que l’introduction de la viscosité est incapable d’empêcher la localisation de la déformation sur un plan mathématique et la dépendance de du maillage des éléments finis.Nous effectuons des analyses non linéaires en utilisant le continuum de Cosserat dans le cas de grands déplacements par glissement sismique de fault gouge par rapport à sa largeur. Le continuum de Cosserat nous permet de rendre compte de l’énergie dissipée pendant un séisme et du rôle de la microstructure dans l’évolution de la friction de la faille. Nous nous concentrons sur l’influence de la vitesse de glissement sismique sur le mécanisme d’assidument frictionnel de la pressurisation thermique. Nous remarquons que l’influence des conditions aux limites dans la diffusion du fluide interstitiel à l’intérieur de fault gouge, conduit à une reprise du frottement après l’affaiblissement initial. De plus, un mode de localisation de déformation en mouvement est présent pendant le cisaillement de la couche, introduisant des oscillations dans la réponse du frottement. Ces oscillations augmentent le contenu spectral du séisme. L’introduction de la viscosité dans le mode ci-dessus, conduit à un comportement de "rate and state" sans l’introduction d’une variable interne. Nos conclusions sur le rôle de la pressurisation thermique pendant le cisaillement de fault gouge sont en accord qualitatif avec les nouveaux résultats expérimentaux disponibles. Enfin, sur la base des résultats numériques, nous étudions les hypothèses du modèle actuel de glissement sur un plan mathématique proposent à la littérature. Le rôle des conditions aux limites et du mode de localisation des déformations dans l’évolution du frottement de la faille pendant le glissement sismique. Le cas d’un domaine délimité et d’un mode de localisation de la déformation en mouvement est examiné dans le contexte d’un glissement sur un plan mathématique sous pressurisation thermique. Nos résultats étoffent le modèle original dans un contexte plus généralDuring coseismic slip, the energy released by the elastic unloading of the adjacent earth blocks can be separated in three main parts: The energy that is radiated to the earth’s surface (_ 5% of the whole energy budget), the fracture energy for the creation of new fault surfaces and finally, the energy dissipated inside a region of the fault, with finite thickness, which is called the fault gauge. This region accumulates the majority of the seismic slip. Estimating correctly the width of the fault gauge is of paramount importance in calculating the energy dissipated during the earthquake, the fault’s frictional response, and the conditions for nucleation of the fault in the form of seismic or aseismic slip.In this thesis different regularization approaches were explored for the estimation of the localization width of the fault’s principal slip zone during coseismic slip. These include the application of viscosity and multiphysical couplings in the classical Cauchy continuum, and the introduction of a first order micromorphic Cosserat continuum. First, we focus on the role of viscous regularization in the context of dynamical analyses, as a method for regularizing strain localization. We study the dynamic case for a strain softening strain-rate hardening classical Cauchy continuum, and by applying the Lyapunov stability analysis we show that introduction of viscosity is unable to prevent strain localization on a mathematical plane and mesh dependence.We perform fully non linear analyses using the Cosserat continuum under large seismic slip displacements of the fault gouge in comparison to its width. Cosserat continuum provides us with a proper account of the energy dissipated during an earthquake and the role of the microstructure in the evolution of the fault’s friction. We focus on the influence of the seismic slip velocity to the weakening mechanism of thermal pressurization. We notice that the influence of the boundary conditions in the diffusion of the pore fluid inside the fault gouge, leads to frictional strength regain after initial weakening. Furthermore, a traveling strain localization mode is present during shearing of the layer introducing oscillations in the frictional response. Such oscillations increase the spectral content of the earthquake. Introduction of viscosity in the above mode, leads to a rate and state behavior without the introduction of a specific internal state variable. Our conclusions about the role of thermal pressurization during shearing of the fault gouge, agree qualitatively with newly available experimental results.Finally, based on the numerical findings we investigate the assumptions of the current model of a slip on a mathematical plane, in particular the role of the boundary conditions and strain localization mode in the evolution of the fault’s friction during coseismic slip. The case of a bounded domain and a traveling strain localization mode are examined in the context of slip on a mathematical plane under thermal pressurization. Our results expand the original model in a more general context
9
Yin, Can. "Exploring the underlying mechanism of load/unload response ratio theory and its application to earthquake prediction /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19121.pdf.
Full text
10
De, Witt Corn e. Juan. "Investigating the threshold of event detection with application to earthquake and operational risk theory." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79227.
Full textAbstract:
This study provides systematic analysis of points of structural change in probability distributions.
In observed frequency data of earthquakes, such a threshold exists due to the non-detection of events
below a certain magnitude. By examining the factors in
uencing the operational risk exposure of
institutions, a similar threshold is hypothesized to exist in operational loss data. In both elds of
study, this threshold is termed the threshold of completeness, above which 100% of events are de-
tected. External factors have caused this level of completeness to shift over time for earthquake data.
The level of complete recording in
uences the volume of data that can be consistently incorporated
in a study of seismic activity. Such data can be used by re-insurers and direct writers of catastrophe
agreements who deal in seismic hazard. Historically, a variety of methods have been proposed by
authors in an attempt to gauge the location of the threshold of completeness in earthquake data.
This study aims to evaluate the e cacy of some of the most prominent methods under di ering
assumptions regarding the incomplete portion of the data. Furthermore, a new threshold estimation
scheme (MITC) is developed and tested against the prevailing methods. Additionally, earthquake
data and the wealth of literature will aid in introductory analysis and assessing applicability of esti-
mation techniques in the context of operational losses.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Actuarial Sciences
MSc
Unrestricted
11
Hsu, Cheng-Chieh. "Control of seismic response of building structures using passive cladding and active tendon systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20747.
Full text
12
Huang, Zhen. "Application of Bayesian approach on ground motion attenuation relationship for Wenchuan Earthquake." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691515.
Full text
13
Shingaki, Yoshikazu. "Study on Application of Multi-Layer and Multi-Phase Theories to Earthquake Site Response." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227607.
Full text
14
Oguz, Ayse. "Surveying American and Turkish middle school students' existing knowledge of earthquakes by using a systemic network." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1132756370.
Full text
15
Li, Ka Lok. "Location and Relocation of Seismic Sources." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-327038.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is a comprehensive summary of four papers on the development and application of new strategies for locating tremor and relocating events in earthquake catalogs. In the first paper, two new strategies for relocating events in a catalog are introduced. The seismicity pattern of an earthquake catalog is often used to delineate seismically active faults. However, the delineation is often hindered by the diffuseness of earthquake locations in the catalog. To reduce the diffuseness and simplify the seismicity pattern, a relocation and a collapsing method are developed and applied. The relocation method uses the catalog event density as an a priori constraint for relocations in a Bayesian inversion. The catalog event density is expressed in terms of the combined probability distribution of all events in the catalog. The collapsing method uses the same catalog density as an attractor for focusing the seismicity in an iterative scheme. These two strategies are applied to an aftershock sequence after a pair of earthquakes which occurred in southwest Iceland, 2008. The seismicity pattern is simplified by application of the methods and the faults of the mainshocks are delineated by the reworked catalog. In the second paper, the spatial distribution of seismicity of the Hengill region, southwest Iceland is analyzed. The relocation and collapsing methods developed in the first paper and a non-linear relocation strategy using empirical traveltime tables are used to process a catalog collected by the Icelandic Meteorological Office. The reworked catalog reproduces details of the spatial distribution of seismicity that independently emerges from relative relocations of a small subset of the catalog events. The processed catalog is then used to estimate the depth to the brittle-ductile transition. The estimates show that in general the northern part of the area, dominated by volcanic processes, has a shallower depth than the southern part, where tectonic deformation predominates. In the third and the fourth papers, two back-projection methods using inter-station cross correlations are proposed for locating tremor sources. For the first method, double correlations, defined as the cross correlations of correlations from two station pairs sharing a common reference station, are back projected. For the second method, the products of correlation envelopes from a group of stations sharing a common reference station are back projected. Back projecting these combinations of correlations, instead of single correlations, suppresses random noise and reduces the strong geometrical signature caused by the station configuration. These two methods are tested with volcanic tremor at Katla volcano, Iceland. The inferred source locations agree with surface observations related to volcanic events which occurred during the tremor period.
16
Dhulipala, Lakshmi Narasimha Somayajulu. "Bayesian Methods for Intensity Measure and Ground Motion Selection in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88493.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of quantitative Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) is designing buildings that meet the specified performance objectives when subjected to an earthquake. One challenge to completely relying upon a PBEE approach in design practice is the open-ended nature of characterizing the earthquake ground motion by selecting appropriate ground motions and Intensity Measures (IM) for seismic analysis. This open-ended nature changes the quantified building performance depending upon the ground motions and IMs selected. So, improper ground motion and IM selection can lead to errors in structural performance prediction and thus to poor designs. Hence, the goal of this dissertation is to propose methods and tools that enable an informed selection of earthquake IMs and ground motions, with the broader goal of contributing toward a robust PBEE analysis. In doing so, the change of perspective and the mechanism to incorporate additional information provided by Bayesian methods will be utilized.
Evaluation of the ability of IMs towards predicting the response of a building with precision and accuracy for a future, unknown earthquake is a fundamental problem in PBEE analysis. Whereas current methods for IM quality assessment are subjective and have multiple criteria (hence making IM selection challenging), a unified method is proposed that enables rating the numerous IMs. This is done by proposing the first quantitative metric for assessing IM accuracy in predicting the building response to a future earthquake, and then by investigating the relationship between precision and accuracy. This unified metric is further expected to provide a pathway toward improving PBEE analysis by allowing the consideration of multiple IMs.
Similar to IM selection, ground motion selection is important for PBEE analysis. Consensus on the "right" input motions for conducting seismic response analyses is often varied and dependent on the analyst. Hence, a general and flexible tool is proposed to aid ground motion selection. General here means the tool encompasses several structural types by considering their sensitivities to different ground motion characteristics. Flexible here means the tool can consider additional information about the earthquake process when available with the analyst. Additionally, in support of this ground motion selection tool, a simplified method for seismic hazard analysis for a vector of IMs is developed.
This dissertation addresses four critical issues in IM and ground motion selection for PBEE by proposing: (1) a simplified method for performing vector hazard analysis given multiple IMs; (2) a Bayesian framework to aid ground motion selection which is flexible and general to incorporate preferences of the analyst; (3) a unified metric to aid IM quality assessment for seismic fragility and demand hazard assessment; (4) Bayesian models for capturing heteroscedasticity (non-constant standard deviation) in seismic response analyses which may further influence IM selection.Doctor of Philosophy
Earthquake ground shaking is a complex phenomenon since there is no unique way to assess its strength. Yet, the strength of ground motion (shaking) becomes an integral part for predicting the future earthquake performance of buildings using the Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) framework. The PBEE framework predicts building performance in terms of expected financial losses, possible downtime, the potential of the building to collapse under a future earthquake. Much prior research has shown that the predictions made by the PBEE framework are heavily dependent upon how the strength of a future earthquake ground motion is characterized. This dependency leads to uncertainty in the predicted building performance and hence its seismic design. The goal of this dissertation therefore is to employ Bayesian reasoning, which takes into account the alternative explanations or perspectives of a research problem, and propose robust quantitative methods that aid IM selection and ground motion selection in PBEE The fact that the local intensity of an earthquake can be characterized in multiple ways using Intensity Measures (IM; e.g., peak ground acceleration) is problematic for PBEE because it leads to different PBEE results for different choices of the IM. While formal procedures for selecting an optimal IM exist, they may be considered as being subjective and have multiple criteria making their use difficult and inconclusive. Bayes rule provides a mechanism called change of perspective using which a problem that is difficult to solve from one perspective could be tackled from a different perspective. This change of perspective mechanism is used to propose a quantitative, unified metric for rating alternative IMs. The immediate application of this metric is aiding the selection of the best IM that would predict the building earthquake performance with least bias. Structural analysis for performance assessment in PBEE is conducted by selecting ground motions which match a target response spectrum (a representation of future ground motions). The definition of a target response spectrum lacks general consensus and is dependent on the analysts’ preferences. To encompass all these preferences and requirements of analysts, a Bayesian target response spectrum which is general and flexible is proposed. While the generality of this Bayesian target response spectrum allow analysts select those ground motions to which their structures are the most sensitive, its flexibility permits the incorporation of additional information (preferences) into the target response spectrum development. This dissertation addresses four critical questions in PBEE: (1) how can we best define ground motion at a site?; (2) if ground motion can only be defined by multiple metrics, how can we easily derive the probability of such shaking at a site?; (3) how do we use these multiple metrics to select a set of ground motion records that best capture the site’s unique seismicity; (4) when those records are used to analyze the response of a structure, how can we be sure that a standard linear regression technique accurately captures the uncertainty in structural response at low and high levels of shaking?
17
Tomasdotter, Villemo. "Post-Disaster Gender Based Violence : An Abductive Case Study of Hurricane Katrina and the Haiti Earthquake." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70125.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has shown a post-disaster increase of Gender Based Violence [GBV], suggesting a need for further investigation of the phenomena and its causes. This research draws together a wide-ranging collection of secondary data sets concerning disasters and gender based violence. It analyses the social environment in post-disaster settings that breeds an increase in GBV with focus on Sexual Gender Based Violence[SGBV] and Intra Personal Violence [IPV]. Through a comparison of two case studies: (a) post-earthquake Haiti and (b) post-hurricane Katrina. The cases are analysed through an analytical framework constructed out of three theories, Eco-feminism, Hyper-masculinity and Situational Theory, which together could give a trustworthy explanation of the phenomena. The findings show that similar factors were prevalent in both cases, and in turn provides insights for the abductively derived framework that relates the causal mechanisms behind the phenomena of post-disaster gender-based violence, building on the commonalities between social environments and structures in the cases. In particular, it was found that a patriarchal root structure and high rates of frustration both provided explanatory causal mechanisms for increased GBV. Though changes in environments can affect the prevalence of GBV as it can provide easier access of victims and lower the risk of penalties in relation to the crimes. In order to address GBV associated with future disasters, post-disaster plans need to adapt a gender mainstreamed approach with focus on safe housing and rapid rebuilding processes for the grass root level.
18
Calik, Ertugrul Emre. "Development Of A Physical Theory Model For The Simulation Of Hysteretic Behavior Of Steel Braces." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608328/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Bracing members are considered to be effective earthquake-resistant elements as they improve the lateral strength and stiffness of the structural system and contribute to seismic energy dissipation by deforming inelastically during severe earthquake motions. However, the cyclic behavior of such bracing members is quite complex because it is influenced by both buckling and yielding.
This thesis presents simple but an efficient analytical model that can be used to simulate the inelastic cyclic behavior of steel braces. This model achieves realism and efficiency by combining analytical formulations with some semi-empirical formulas developed on the basis of a study of experimental data. A brace is idealized as a pin-pin ended member with a plastic hinge located at mid-length of a brace Input parameters of the model are based on only material properties such as steel yield strength and modulus of elasticity as well as geometric properties including cross-sectional area, moment of inertia, etc. The obtained results are verified by the experimental and available analytical results.
19
Wilson, Elizabeth Kate. "Engaging youth on their own terms? an actor-network theory account of hip-hop in youth work." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Human Services and Social Work, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10789.
Full textAbstract:
With origins in the South Bronx area of New York in the early 1970s, hip-hop culture is now produced and consumed globally. While hip-hop activities can be varied, hip-hop is generally considered to have four forms or “elements”: DJing, MCing, b-boying/b-girling, and graffiti. Although all four elements of hip-hop have become a part of many youth work initiatives across the globe, public debate and controversy continue to surround hip-hop activities. Very little research and literature has explored the complexities involved in the assembling of hip-hop activities in youth work sites of practice using these hip-hop elements. This study attends to the gap in hip-hop and human service literature by tracing how hip-hop activities were assembled in several sites of youth work activity in Christchurch, New Zealand.
Actor-network theory (ANT) is the methodological framework used to map the assemblage of hip-hop-youth work activities in this study. ANT follows how action is distributed across both human and non-human actors. By recognising the potential agency of “things”, this research traces the roles played by human actors, such as young people and youth workers, together with those of non-human actors such as funding documents, social media, clothing, and youth venue equipment. This ethnographic study provides rich descriptions or “snapshots” of some of the key socio-material practices that shaped the enactment of hip-hop-youth work activities. These are derived from fieldwork undertaken between October 2009 and December 2011, where participant observation took place across a range of sites of hip-hop-youth work activity. In addition to this fieldwork, formal interviews were undertaken with 22 participants, the majority being youth workers, young people, and youth trust administrators.
The ANT framework reveals the complexity of the task of assembling hip-hop in youth work worlds. The thesis traces the work undertaken by both human and non-human actors in generating youth engagement in hip-hop-youth work activities. Young people’s hip-hop interests are shown to be varied, multiple, and continually evolving. It is also shown how generating youth interest in hip-hop-youth work activities involved overcoming young people’s indifference or lack of awareness of the hip-hop resources a youth trust had on offer. Furthermore, the study highlights where hip-hop activities were edited or “tinkered” with to avoid hip-hop “bads”. The thesis also unpacks how needed resources were enlisted, and how funders’ interests were translated into supporting hip-hop groups and activities. By tracing the range of actors mobilised to enact hip-hop-youth work activities, this research reveals how some youth trusts could avoid having to rely on obtaining government funds for their hip-hop activities. The thesis also includes an examination of one youth trust’s efforts to reconfigure its hip-hop activities after the earthquakes that struck Christchurch city in 2010 and 2011.
Working both in and on the world, the text that is this thesis is also understood as an intervention. This study constitutes a deliberate attempt to strengthen understandings of hip-hop as a complex, multiple, and fluid entity. It therefore challenges traditional media and literature representations that simplify and thus either stigmatise or celebrate hip-hop. As such, this study opens up possibilities to consider the opportunities, as well as the complexities of assembling hip-hop in youth work sites of practice.
20
Papanikolaou, Ioannis. "Generation of high-resolution seismic hazard maps through integration of earthquake geology, fault mechanics theory and GIS techniques in extensional tectonic setting." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406557.
Full text
21
Benbih, Karima. "Framing the Edge of Time: Disaster Architecture and Change." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82500.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, I conduct a reflection on the effects of disaster on time perceptions and their consequences on architecture as a vessel of social and individual values, through a study of two major paradigmatic disasters spaces – Post World War II Japan and Post-earthquake Haiti. While on the surface these two cases do not have many points in common, both are instrumental to establishing the manifestation of disasters' impacts on the culture of construction and on the architectural theories that ensue from them. The first case, Japan after the Second World War, establishes the long term influences and changes in social and architectural thought that occur after a disaster, while Haiti, examines the role of the architect in the reconstruction phases and attempts to register the immediate impressions of local architects on the disaster's impact on their practice.
I show that both cases exhibit manifestations of the importance of the architect's role of not only building back, but moving forward while capitalizing on the events and social changes that happened.Ph. D.
22
Park, Joonam. "Development and Application of Probabilistic Decision Support Framework for Seismic Rehabilitation of Structural Systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4898.
Full textAbstract:
Seismic rehabilitation of structural systems is an effective approach for reducing potential seismic losses such as social and economic losses. However, little or no effort has been made to develop a framework for making decisions on seismic rehabilitation of structural systems that systematically incorporates conflicting multiple criteria and uncertainties inherent in the seismic hazard and in the systems themselves.
This study develops a decision support framework for seismic rehabilitation of structural systems incorporating uncertainties inherent in both the system and the seismic hazard, and demonstrates its application with detailed examples. The decision support framework developed utilizes the HAZUS method for a quick and extensive estimation of seismic losses associated with structural systems. The decision support framework allows consideration of multiple decision attributes associated with seismic losses, and multiple alternative seismic rehabilitation schemes represented by the objective performance level. Three multi-criteria decision models (MCDM) that are known to be effective for decision problems under uncertainty are employed and their applicability for decision analyses in seismic rehabilitation is investigated. These models are Equivalent Cost Analysis (ECA), Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT), and Joint Probability Decision Making (JPDM). Guidelines for selection of a MCDM that is appropriate for a given decision problem are provided to establish a flexible decision support system. The resulting decision support framework is applied to a test bed system that consists of six hospitals located in the Memphis, Tennessee, area to demonstrate its capabilities.
23
Telus, Herrica. "Ethnic Identities among Second-Generation Haitian Young Adults in Tampa Bay, Florida: An Analysis of the Reported Influence of Ethnic Organizational Involvement on Disaster Response after the Earthquake of 2010." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3378.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing upon 20 in-depth interviews with second generation Haitian young adults, I examined the ethnic identities and the involvement in ethnic organizations of the respondents. This study pays particular attention to how involvement in ethnic organizations influenced how the second generation Haitians believed the earthquake affected their identities and how they ultimately responded to the earthquake. Several of the findings revealed differences in how and why the respondents chose to ethnically identify such as Haitian, Haitian-American, black Haitian. The respondents' choice to join an ethnic organization was driven by different desires but the perceived influence of the organization on their ethnic identities resulted in an increase in cultural knowledge as well as an ability to stay rooted in the culture. However, the lack of participation on the part of some of the respondents was a choice dictated by conflicts of authenticity, time, and responsibilities. The comparison between involved and non-involved respondents in terms of their response to the earthquake revealed that involved respondents were more active in volunteer projects. Involvement in ethnic organizations influenced how the second generation Haitians perceived the earthquake affected their identities, and ethnic affirmation in terms of a desire to visit Haiti was expressed by involved respondents. The implications of this study revealed the importance of establishing ethnic organizations in middle and high schools in order to foster a sense of pride through knowledge at an earlier age.
24
Walsh, David Leonard. "Directional statistics, Bayesian methods of earthquake focal mechanism estimation, and their application to New Zealand seismicity data : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Statistics /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/350.
Full text
25
Chandratilake, (nee Weerasekara) Sonali Evanjali. "Spatial Modelling of Gastroenteritis Prevalence Following the February 22, 2011 Earthquake and Identification of Successful Factors Preventing Outbreaks at Emergency Centres." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9185.
Full textAbstract:
The potential for a gastroenteritis outbreak in a post-earthquake environment may increase because of compromised infrastructure services, contaminated liquefaction (lateral spreading and surface ejecta), and the presence of gastroenteritis agents in the drinking water network. A population in a post-earthquake environment might be seriously affected by gastroenteritis because it has a short incubation period (about 10 hours).
The potential for a gastroenteritis outbreak in a post-earthquake environment may increase because of compromised infrastructure services, contaminated liquefaction (lateral spreading and surface ejecta), and the presence of gastroenteritis agents in the drinking water network. A population in a post-earthquake environment might be seriously affected by gastroenteritis because it has a short incubation period (about 10 hours).
The aim of this multidisciplinary research was to retrospectively analyse the gastroenteritis prevalence following the February 22, 2011 earthquake in Christchurch. The first focus was to assess whether earthquake-induced infrastructure damage, liquefaction, and gastroenteritis agents spatially explained the recorded gastroenteritis cases over the period of 35 days following the February 22, 2011 earthquake in Christchurch. The gastroenteritis agents considered in this study were Escherichia coli found in the drinking water supply (MPN/100mL) and Non-Compliant Free Associated Chlorine (FAC-NC) (less than <0.02mg/L). The second focus was the protocols that averted a gastroenteritis outbreak at three Emergency Centres (ECs): Burnside High School Emergency Centre (BEC); Cowles Stadium Emergency Centre (CEC); and Linwood High School Emergency Centre (LEC).
Using a mixed-method approach, gastroenteritis point prevalence and the considered factors were quantitatively analysed. The qualitative analysis involved interviewing 30 EC staff members. The data was evaluated by adopting the Grounded Theory (GT) approach.
Spatial analysis of considered factors showed that highly damaged CAUs were statistically clustered as demonstrated by Moran’s I statistic and hot spot analysis. Further modelling showed that gastroenteritis point prevalence clustering could not be fully explained by infrastructure damage alone, and other factors influenced the recorded gastroenteritis point prevalence. However, the results of this research suggest that there was a tenuous, indirect relationship between recorded gastroenteritis point prevalence and the considered factors: earthquake-induced infrastructure damage, liquefaction and FAC-NC.
Two ECs were opened as part of the post-earthquake response in areas with severe infrastructure damage and liquefaction (BEC and CEC). The third EC (CEC) provided important lessons that were learnt from the previous September 4, 2010 earthquake, and implemented after the February 22, 2011 earthquake. Two types of interwoven themes identified: direct and indirect. The direct themes were preventive protocols and indirect themes included type of EC building (school or a sports stadium), and EC staff. The main limitations of the research were Modifiable Areal Units (MAUP), data detection, and memory loss.
This research provides a practical method that can be adapted to assess gastroenteritis risk in a post-earthquake environment. Thus, this mixed method approach can be used in other disaster contexts to study gastroenteritis prevalence, and can serve as an appendage to the existing framework for assessing infectious diseases. Furthermore, the lessons learnt from qualitative analysis can inform the current infectious disease management plans, designed for a post-disaster response in New Zealand and internationally
Using a mixed-method approach, gastroenteritis point prevalence and the considered factors were quantitatively analysed. A damage profile was created by amalgamating different types of damage for the considered factors for each Census Area Unit (CAU) in Christchurch. The damage profile enabled the application of a variety of statistical methods which included Moran’s I , Hot Spot (HS) analysis, Spearman’s Rho, and Besag–York–Mollié Model using a range of software. The qualitative analysis involved interviewing 30 EC staff members. The data was evaluated by adopting the Grounded Theory (GT) approach.
Spatial analysis of considered factors showed that highly damaged CAUs were statistically clustered as demonstrated by Moran’s I statistic and hot spot analysis. Further modelling showed that gastroenteritis point prevalence clustering could not be fully explained by infrastructure damage alone, and other factors influenced the recorded gastroenteritis point prevalence. However, the results of this research suggest that there was a tenuous, indirect relationship between recorded gastroenteritis point prevalence and the considered factors: earthquake-induced infrastructure damage, liquefaction and FAC-NC.
Two ECs were opened as part of the post-earthquake response in areas with severe infrastructure damage and liquefaction (BEC and CEC). The third EC (CEC) provided important lessons that were learnt from the previous September 4, 2010 earthquake, and implemented after the February 22, 2011 earthquake. The ECs were selected to represent the Christchurch area, and were situated where potential for gastroenteritis was high. BEC represented the western side of Christchurch; whilst, CEC and LEC represented the eastern side, where the potential for gastroenteritis was high according to the outputs of the quantitative spatial modelling. Qualitative analysis from the interviews at the ECs revealed that evacuees were arriving at the ECs with gastroenteritis-like symptoms. Participants believed that those symptoms did not originate at the ECs. Two types of interwoven themes identified: direct and indirect. The direct themes were preventive protocols that included prolific use of hand sanitisers; surveillance; and the services offered. Indirect themes included the EC layout, type of EC building (school or a sports stadium), and EC staff. Indirect themes governed the quality and sustainability of the direct themes implemented, which in turn averted gastroenteritis outbreaks at the ECs. The main limitations of the research were Modifiable Areal Units (MAUP), data detection, and memory loss.
It was concluded that gastroenteritis point prevalence following the February 22, 2011 earthquake could not be solely explained by earthquake-induced infrastructure damage, liquefaction, and gastroenteritis causative agents alone. However, this research provides a practical method that can be adapted to assess gastroenteritis risk in a post-earthquake environment. Creating a damage profile for each CAU and using spatial data analysis can isolate vulnerable areas, and qualitative data analysis provides localised information. Thus, this mixed method approach can be used in other disaster contexts to study gastroenteritis prevalence, and can serve as an appendage to the existing framework for assessing infectious diseases. Furthermore, the lessons learnt from qualitative analysis can inform the current infectious disease management plans, designed for a post-disaster response in New Zealand and internationally.
26
Fahim, Christine. "Exploring the Supports Available for Health and Social Service Providers from Canada Responding to the Disaster in Haiti." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23317.
Full textAbstract:
The world has experienced multiple disasters in recent years that have highlighted the importance of effective disaster preparedness and response initiatives. One prominent example is the January 12, 2010, 7.0 magnitude earthquake that shook Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The massive disaster made it difficult for local Haitian community officials to respond immediately, leaving the country reliant on foreign aid and international and non-governmental relief organizations. Within days, hundreds of organizations and volunteers mobilized to send physicians and medical specialists, nurses, physiotherapists, psychologists and social workers to the affected area. However, the political and financial instability of Haiti, in conjunction with limited resources and severe destruction from the earthquake, made it difficult to coordinate response efforts between hundreds of responding organizations. The literature indicates that when health professionals are disorganized and unprepared, they are at risk physically, emotionally and mentally which could hinder their effectiveness as first responders. While these risks have been made known, there is little literature that explores the effectiveness of the supports, as perceived by Canadian health and social service providers in Haiti. In order to address this gap, this qualitative study explores various supports that were available to health and social service providers in Haiti by focusing on their lived experiences pre-deployment, on-site and post-deployment. These findings provide evidence to inform policy development regarding future disaster relief and the supports available to health and social service workers assisting with international disaster response.
27
Goossens, Tim. "Nurturing Natural Gas : Conflict and Controversy of Natural Gas Extraction in the Netherlands." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324195.
Full text
28
Buck, Victoria Ann. "Archaeoseismology in Atalanti region, central mainland Greece : theory, method, and practice." Thesis, Brunel University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322126.
Full text
29
Gutierrez, Soto Mariantonieta. "MULTI-AGENT REPLICATOR CONTROL METHODOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE VIBRATION CONTROL OF SMART BUILDING AND BRIDGE STRUCTURES." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1494249419696286.
Full text
30
Bletery, Quentin. "Analyse probabiliste et multi-données de la source de grands séismes." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4092/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les séismes sont le résultat de glissements rapides le long de failles actives chargées en contraintes par le mouvement des plaques tectoniques. Il est aujourd'hui établi, au moins pour les grands séismes, que la distribution de ce glissement rapide le long des failles pendant les séismes est hétérogène. Imager la complexité de ces distributions de glissement constitue un enjeu majeur de la sismologie en raison des implications potentielles dans la compréhension de la genèse des séismes et la possibilité associée de mieux anticiper le risque sismique et les tsunamis. Pour améliorer l'imagerie de ces distributions de glissement co-sismique, trois axes peuvent être suivis: augmenter les contraintes sur les modèles en incluant plus d'observations dans les inversions, améliorer la modélisation physique du problème direct et progresser dans le formalisme de résolution du problème inverse. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous explorons ces trois axes à travers l'étude de deux séismes majeurs: les séisme de Tohoku-Oki (Mw 9.0) et de Sumatra-Andaman (Mw 9.1-9.3) survenus en 2011 et 2004, respectivementEarthquakes are the results of rapid slip on active faults loaded in stress by the tectonic plates motion. It is now establish - at least for large earthquakes - that the distribution of this rapid slip along the rupturing faults is heterogeneous. Imaging the complexity of such slip distributions is one the main challenges in seismology because of the potential implications on understanding earthquake genesis and the associated possibility to better anticipate devastating shaking and tsunami. To improve the imaging of such co-seismic slip distributions, three axes may be followed: increase the constraints on the source models by including more observations into the inversions, improve the physical modeling of the forward problem and improve the formalism to solve the inverse problem. In this PhD thesis, we explore these three axes by studying two recent major earthquakes: the Tohoku-Oki (Mw 9.0) and Sumatra-Andaman (Mw 9.1-9.3) earthquakes, which occured in 2011 and 2004 respectively
31
Stevenson, Joanne Rosalie. "Organisational resilience after the Canterbury earthquakes : a contextual approach." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geography, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10032.
Full textAbstract:
Following a disaster, an organisation’s ability to recover is influenced by its internal capacities, but also by the people, organisations, and places to which it is connected. Current
approaches to organisational resilience tend to focus predominantly on an organization's internal capacities and do not adequately consider the place-based contexts and networks in which it is embedded. This thesis explores how organisations’ connections may both hinder and enable organisational resilience.
Organisations in the Canterbury region of New Zealand experienced significant and repeated disruptions as a result of two major earthquakes and thousands of aftershocks
throughout 2010 and 2011. This thesis draws upon 32 case studies of organisations located in three severely damaged town centres in Canterbury to assess the influence that organisations’ place-based connections and relational networks had on their post-earthquake trajectories.
The research has four objectives: 1) to examine the ways organisations connected to their local contexts both before and after the earthquakes, 2) to explore the characteristics of the formal and informal networks organisations used to aid their response and recovery, 3) to identify the ways organisations’ connections to their local contexts and support networks influenced their ability to recover following the earthquakes, and finally, 4) to develop
approaches to assess resilience that consider these extra-organisational connections.
The thesis contests the fiction that organisations recover and adapt independently from their contexts following disasters. Although organisations have a set of internal
capacities that enable their post-disaster recovery, they are embedded within external structures that constrain and enable their adaptive options following a disaster. An approach which considers organisations’ contexts and networks as potential sources of organisational
resilience has both conceptual and practical value. Refining our understanding of the influence of extra-organisational connections can improve our ability to explain variability in
organisational outcomes following disasters and foster new ways to develop and manage organisational resilience.
32
Sadeghi, Hamidreza. "Dynamic Analysis of River Embankments during Earthquakes based on Finite Deformation Theory Considering Liquefaction." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188554.
Full text
33
大介, 工藤, and Daisuke Kudo. "東日本大震災と福島第一原子力発電所事故に伴う"風評被害"：買い控えを引き起こす心理的メカニズムの解明と買い控え低減を目標とした応用的戦略の検討." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13059533/?lang=0, 2017. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13059533/?lang=0.
Full text
34
Shaikhutdinov, Rustem Vil. "Structural Damage Evaluation: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering." Thesis, 2004. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/1844/1/Rustem_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The further development of performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) is on the current agenda of the earthquake engineering community. A part of assessing the seismic performance of civil engineering structures involves estimation of seismic damage. The conventional approach to damage estimation is based on fragility functions that relate some chosen parameters of structural response to incurred damage. Therefore, damage prediction is based exclusively on the knowledge of the chosen structural response parameters, meaning that damage analysis is uncoupled from the structural analysis. The structural response parameters selected for use in damage analysis are usually referred to as engineering demand parameters (EDP). In the present study, it is shown that for structural damage estimation, the uncoupled damage analysis has deficiencies that lead to less accurate damage prediction. These shortcomings originate from two sources: first, dependence of practically all EDPs on structural damage and second, inexact damage description. To overcome these deficiencies, another approach to structural damage estimation is proposed. The proposed approach, besides using an EDP, uses all information available from structural analysis that is relevant to the damage to be assessed, implying that damage analysis is coupled with structural analysis. It is shown that utilization of this additional information provides more accurate damage prediction. The difference between the two approaches is studied by comparison of results of damage estimation performed for a 2-D structural model of a reinforced-concrete frame. The results show that difference between uncoupled and coupled damage analysis estimates could be significant and that it depends on specific characteristics of the chosen structural model and the damage model in a complex way, preventing the possibility of estimating this error in a general form that is applicable to all practically possible cases. Damage estimation is performed for various damage models that include both single and multiple damage states. Since the final goal of seismic performance evaluation is estimation of decision variables such as repair cost, downtime, etc., the two approaches to damage estimation are also compared in terms of repair cost that is calculated for the reinforced-concrete frame. A case where structural damage prediction is based on observation of EDP alone, without a structural model available, is also studied. It is shown that incorporating site-specific information can significantly change the damage estimates and, therefore, may be worth doing.
35
Ku, Kai-Wen, and 顧凱文. "Using extreme value theory to estimate the maximum credible earthquake in Taiwan." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cddcz5.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
土木工程學系
107
Taiwan is located in the boundary of the Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate. Because of the plate extrusion, there is high seismicity rate over the past few years. Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of disaster prevention and mitigation, seismic factors should be taken into account in the design of the building to reduce the damage and harm caused by the earthquake. The purpose of this paper is to apply the Extreme Value Theory（EVT）to estimate the maximum credible magnitude of each seismic zone in Taiwan. The estimated maximum credible magnitude mainly included the deterministic procedure and probabilistic procedure. In the past, the deterministic procedure was often used to estimate the maximum credible magnitude. The commonly used method is the largest earthquake magnitude of the historical record plus 0.5. However, it is a subjective value, so there is high uncertainty. The extreme value analysis used in this study is a probabilistic procedure. The probabilistic procedure is more objective compared with the deterministic procedure because it used a more objective method to estimate the maximum credible magnitude. This study collected the seismic data from 1978 to 2017 and used the Weibull distribution to model the observation. Furthermore, this study used the Chi-square test to test the hypothesis if the observation follows the Weibull distribution. Finally, the maximum credible magnitude calculated by the EVT（different time periods and different tail of probability distributions in extreme value theory）is compared with the value evaluated by the methods of maximum historical magnitude plus 0.3 and plus 0.5 in the deterministic procedure. Compared with the plus 0.3 method and the plus 0.5 method, EVT can directly evaluate the different time periods and the magnitude of different percentiles. The most important is that the extreme value theory takes the time factor into account. While the traditional plus 0.3 method and the plus 0.5 method do not. Therefore, using EVT is more objective and practical for predicting the magnitude of earthquakes.
36
Tsai, Ping-Shen, and 蔡秉伸. "Research about Fuzzy Theory in evaluating the damage ratios of earthquake in constructions." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53922320511936673793.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災技術研究所
92
In recent years, the government and educational circles put into a great deal of manpower, material resources on the disaster prevention research, like a disaster prevention office and the domestic affairs mansion National Fire Administration, all put emphasis on the damage of earthquake disaster building valuation. The accomplishment is splendid, and had great help on evaluating and counting the loss of the earthquake estimating in early days. Because the earthquake has the variation, the factors that cause the destructions of the building after shakes are many, like the ground moves the parameter, the building structure, the site data and construction quality etc. Thus, to build up the building reasonable damage rate valuation, is now still a worthy development topic to study continuously. This research makes use of the faintness to gather the theories, considering its indetermination factor, gathering traditional definitely to expand to go to the faintness to gather medium, make use of the belonging function to describe the spread of one building damage, calculate the probability of the building damage, and with the experience rule- return to the analytical method to compare, and prove that the misty theories can be used in estimating the building damage rate, and the calculated results are reasonable and familiar with the actual loss data. Through the establishment of the building damage rate, providing the disaster situation estimation, and can be the instant contingency when earthquake happened and defend the reference of the relief programming at ordinary time.
37
Razafindrakoto, Hoby. "New Insights on the Uncertainties in Finite-Fault Earthquake Source Inversion." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/554294.
Full textAbstract:
New Insights on the Uncertainties in Finite-Fault
Earthquake Source Inversion
Hoby Njara Tendrisoa Razafindrakoto
Earthquake source inversion is a non-linear problem that leads to non-unique solutions. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the uncertainty and reliability in earthquake source inversion, as well as to quantify variability in earthquake rupture models. The source inversion is performed using a Bayesian inference. This technique augments optimization approaches through its ability to image the entire solution space which is consistent with the data and prior information.
In this study, the uncertainty related to the choice of source-time function and crustal structure is investigated. Three predefined analytical source-time functions are analyzed; isosceles triangle, Yoffe with acceleration time of 0.1 and 0.3 s. The use of the isosceles triangle as source-time function is found to bias the finite-fault source inversion results. It accelerates the rupture to propagate faster compared to that of the Yoffe function. Moreover, it generates an artificial linear correlation between parameters that does not exist for the Yoffe source-time functions. The effect of inadequate knowledge of Earth’s crustal structure in earthquake rupture models is subsequently investigated. The results show that one-dimensional structure variability leads to parameters resolution changes, with a broadening of the posterior
5
PDFs and shifts in the peak location. These changes in the PDFs of kinematic
parameters are associated with the blurring effect of using incorrect Earth structure. As an application to real earthquake, finite-fault source models for the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake are examined using one- and three-dimensional crustal structures. One- dimensional structure is found to degrade the data fitting. However, there is no significant effect on the rupture parameters aside from differences in the spatial slip extension. Stable features are maintained for both structures.
In the last part of this work, a multidimensional scaling method is presented to compare and classify earthquake slip distributions. A similarity scale to rank them are thus formulated. Dissimilarities among slip models (from various parameterizations) are computed using two different distance metrics, normalized squared and gray-scale metrics. Multidimensional scaling is then used to visualize the differences among the models. The analyzes are done for 2 case studies; one based on artificial scenarios with a known answer and another one based on the published rupture models of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake.
38
Tsun, Kuo Fang, and 郭芳村. "Diagnosis on the Concrete Problem Caused by Earthquake Through y Theory & Expert System." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07028787257956869202.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程技術學系
81
The durability problems of concrete caused by earthquake weresually resulted from several reasons. Due to the differentscipline in their own specific field, the expert might notr compatiable answer to users about the proper treatment torblems. Thus, based on theexist documenttary relativeang-Shan Earthquake in 1976, Hualien Earthquake inrancisco Earthquake in 1989, this study wouldalitative and quantitaive analyses, and then makey judging logic to figure out the most reliablemlutaneously, a more friendly display method withfigures was used to close the relationship berweennes. In addition, an intelligent expert systemo edit the knowledge base for progressing thelogic reasoning to make the whole system vivideral. according to yhe examination in this study.esult quite mathched with the investigationt could prove its high reliability and couldthe great potential of expert system and fuzzy setpplication of diagnosing the concrete problemsquake. This study structure could be applied asor the future expert system design.
39
YU, SHAN-CHENG, and 游善丞. "Applying Experience Marketing Theory to Explore Earthquake Experience and Promoting Intention of Disaster Prevention Awareness." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x8weax.
Full textAbstract:
碩士佛光大學
傳播學系
107
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of earthquake simulation activities on people’s willingness to prevent earthquake disasters. It was based on Experimental Marketing Theory. The study was designed to use questionnaires and Google Forms for data collection. The study used SPSS 20 to analyze survey questions and showed these research instruments were valid and also reliable. There were 216 valid questionnaires and 24 invalid questionnaires in formal study through pretest. These data was analyzed by a descriptive statistics, Pearsons relationship, and Regression Analysis.The study aim to explore the relationship between factors: experiential marketing, experiential value, and behavioral intention.The first , the experiential marketing was divided into five dimensions: sense experience, feel experience, think experience, act experience and relate experience. The second, the experiential value was consisting of functional value, emotional value, and social value. The third, behavioral intention was defined as a persons perceived likelihood or "subjective probability that he or she will engage in a given behavior".The result indicated that the participants knew the value of earthquake disaster prevention through these experiences and the experiential values improved behavioral intentions of the participants. To further illustrate the point, the emotional value had a stronger effect on behavioral intentions.
40
Liao, Ci-Yu, and 廖啟佑. "Applications of Artificial Neural Network and Wavelet Theory to Analyze the Fluctuation of Groundwater Level Before An Earthquake Appears." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6xy8h4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災研究所
93
Located on the Eurasia plate and the Philippine marine plate to push with the lasting, where earthquakes happen frequently, Taiwan, due to particularity with complicated geography character, was attack by earthquakes. Earthquake is a natural proceeding in which the earth releases energy. It is not the manpower that can be controlled, through verifying that relation with a certain level of education in groundwater level change and the earthquake appears. Besides, there are well network observing groundwater changes in Taiwan. For observing groundwater, we get certain advantage. Searching how to decrease the damage caused by earthquakes, we must study the correlation between groundwater and earthquakes. Observe the monitoring station of Nabal and Liujar as the research object, at the Jarnan strong shock earthquake groundwater network in this research. In order to probe the earthquake incident, whether produce the unusual behavior to the groundwater level, make using observed of groundwater level time sequence to analyze the change amount of the groundwater level clicked, in time before and after an earthquake attack. In order to prevent the earthquake incident from being influenced by incidents, such as ground tide , rainfall ,etc. Causing the wavelet analyse obtain the accurate result, the unusually high frequency be unable diagnose. The Artificial Neural Network(ANN) is so utilizing to detrend of rainfall, ground tide, and irregular signal, etc. Detrend of morning and evening tides, rainfall time series through kinds of ANN. Using the Wavelet theory to explore the long-time groundwater level examines the amount layer of structure separately, and uses the Wavelet transform and calculate the Wavelet coefficient, can assess various mixing interweaving kinds of the groundwater level signal by calculation of Wavelet coefficient value, resolve into and distinguish layer or different frequency block signals at differently level, and then, using Wavelet shrinkage method by Donoho and Johnstone, to estimating and examining the Wavelet coming out in development of the signal. Choose a suitable critical value, to clipping the high-frequency Wavelet coefficient. And then, using threshold to shrink wavelet coefficient, and clipping out the approximation function and the detail function of underground water level attack by just earthquake. Taking that obviously of this point out groundwater level appear frequency unusual time, therefore will contribute to reducing natural disasters, will lengthen and take refuge and reflect time.
41
Torres, Maura Acevedo. "Reduction of Uncertainty in Post-Event Seismic Loss Estimates Using Observation Data and Bayesian Updating." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8QR58F5.
Full textAbstract:
The insurance industry relies on both commercial and in-house software packages to quantify financial risk to natural hazards. For earthquakes, the initial loss estimates from the industry’s catastrophe risk (CAT) models are based on the probabilistic damage a building would sustain due to a catalog of simulated earthquake events. Based on the occurrence rates of the simulated earthquake events, an exceedance probability (EP) curve is calculated, which provides the probability of exceeding a specific loss threshold. Initially these loss exceedence probabilities help a company decide what insurance policies are most cost efficient.
In addition they can also provide insights into loss predictions in the event that an actual natural disaster takes place, thus the insurance company is prepared to pay out their insured parties the necessary amount. However, there is always an associated uncertainty with the loss calculations produced by these models. The goal of this research is to reduce this uncertainty by using Bayesian inference with real time earthquake data to calculate an updated loss. Bayes theory is an iterative process that modifies the loss distribution with every piece of incoming information. The posterior updates are calculated by multiplying a baseline prior distribution with a likelihood function and normalization factor. The first prior is the initial loss distribution from the simulated events database before any information about a real earthquake is available. The crucial step in the update procedure is defining a likelihood function that establishes a relative weight for each simulated earthquake, relating how alike or dislike the attributes of a simulated earthquake are to those of a real earthquake event. To define this likelihood function, the general proposed approach is to quantify real time earthquake attributes such as magnitude, location, building tagging and damage, and compare them to an equivalent value for each simulated earthquake from the CAT model database. In order to obtain the simulated model parameters, the catastrophe risk model is analyzed for different building construction types, such as steel and reinforced concrete. For every model case, the loss, peak ground acceleration per building and simulated event magnitude and locations are recorded. Next, in order to calculate the real earthquake attributes, data was collected for three case studies, the 7.1 magnitude 1997 Punitaqui, the 8.8 magnitude 2010 Chile earthquake and the 6.7 magnitude 1994 Northridge earthquake. For each of these real earthquake events, the magnitude, location, peak ground acceleration at every available accelerometer location, building tagging and qualitative damage descriptions were recorded. Once the data was collected for both the real and simulated events, they were quantified so they could be compared on equal scales. Using the quantified parameter values, a likelihood function was defined for each update step. In general, as the number of updates increased, the loss estimates tended to converge to a steady value for both the medium and large event. In addition, the loss for the 6.7 and 7.1 event converged to a smaller value than that of the 8.8 event. The proposed methodology was only applied to earthquakes, but is broad enough to be applied to any type of peril.
42
(8786567), Sweta Baniya. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NETWORKED COMMUNITIES, CRISIS COMMUNICATION, AND TECHNOLOGY: RHETORIC OF DISASTER IN THE NEPAL EARTHQUAKE AND HURRICANE MARIA." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
In April and May 2015 Nepal suffered two massive earthquakes of 7.5 and 6 5 magnitudes in the Richter scale, killing 8856 and injuring 22309. Two years later in September 2017, Puerto Rico underwent the Category 5 Hurricane Maria, killing an estimate of 800 to 8000 people and displacing hundreds of thousands of Puerto Ricans (Kishore et al., 2018). This dissertation project is the comparative study of Nepal’s and Puerto Rico’s networked communities, their actors, participants (Potts, 2014), and the users (Ingraham, 2015; Johnson, 1998) who used crisis communication practices to address the havoc created by the disaster. Using a mixed-methods research approach and with framework created with the Assemblage Theory (DeLanda, 2016), I argue that disasters create situations in which various networked communities are formed into transnational assemblages along with an emergence of innovative digital technical and professional communication practices.
43
Patankar, Digvijay Babasaheb. "Capacity Spectrum Method : Energy Based Approach." Thesis, 2011. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1978.
Full textAbstract:
The capacity spectrum method is a very popular tool in the performance based earthquake resistant design of structures. Though it involves nonlinear static analysis, it can be used to predict the dynamic behaviour of the building under earthquake load. Since the analysis is only static and not dynamic, it is very well suited for the design offices and low end computer terminals as opposed to dynamic analysis which is very resource consuming.
There are several methods/variations of methods, to perform the nonlinear static analysis, popularly known as pushover analysis and convert it to capacity spectrum. Displacement based pushover analysis, force based pushover analysis, modal pushover analysis, energy based pushover analysis etc. are some of the variations of pushover analysis. There are a few attempts to consider the change in mode shape but all the methods are silent about the change in frequency due to formation of hinges in the structure. The available codes for building design such as ATC-40 provide some guidelines for getting the capacity spectrum but are not yet developed for proper ductility consideration while converting the pushover curve to capacity spectrum.
The present study tries to address the above issues while proposing a new energy based approach to draw capacity spectrum.
The chapter 1 introduces the concept of pushover analysis and capacity spectrum concepts. Different approaches to get these curves, their theoretical background, variations and limitations are discussed as a quick review.
Chapter 2 is about the review of literature present on these topics. It is found that most of the studies have been carried out in the past on the framed buildings regarding the pushover analysis. In the last few years attempts are also made to consider the effect of torsion.
Summarising the various contributions till now, it may be concluded that even in the earlier multimode pushover analysis the effect of different modes on the only static force distribution was considered. Further the spectral acceleration is obtained as a ratio of base shear and α times the weight of the building, where α is the modal mass coefficient. Only the first mode frequency could be utilized to convert the maximum displacement at the top to the spectral acceleration and the corresponding maximum potential energy (P.E.) could be used for equivalence of MDOF and SDOF. Therefore in chapter 3 which follows, the above limitation is removed as explained below.
In chapter 3, the new methodology based on energy equivalence consideration is proposed step by step. For the given multistorey building, a displacement profile is applied to the building which is proportional to the effective mode shape. The effective mode shape can be the first mode shape or a combination of first few mode shapes. In the present study, two cases are considered. In the first case, the effective mode shape is considered to be the first mode shape itself whereas in the second case the effective mode shape is considered to be a linear combination of first three modes weighted by corresponding participation factors. After this, a nonlinear static analysis is performed on the structure considering the above displacement profile. Due to the above provided displacement profile, there will be yielding in the structure at a few locations. The yielded structure is again analysed for eigenvalues and mode shapes and the first three mode shapes are extracted along with their participation factors. Again the deflected structure is subjected to the deflection proportional to the effective mode shape and the analysis is continued until the collapse. The chapter also describes the details of the model used for simulation. Two kinds of simulation are performed on the model. One is considering only single mode of vibration whereas the other is considering the multiple modes (3 in this case) of vibration of the structure.
Chapter 4 discusses the results of the simulations performed on the model. Single mode and multimode cases are treated and discussed separately.
The proposed method is in its nascent stage and hence a lot of modification and validation work is needed to consider the method acceptable. The chapter 5 concludes the overall outcome of the present study and provides scope for the further study.
44
Ammanagi, Soumayya. "Vibration Testing of Structures under Random Support Excitations." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3912.
Full textAbstract:
Vibration testing of structures constitutes a crucial step in design and commissioning of engineering structures. The focus here is on simulating field conditions in a laboratory so that detailed investigations of the structural behavior under various future load scenarios can be carried out. A major enabling technology in recent years in this field of study, especially, in the context of earthquake engineering, and automotive testing, has been the development of servo-hydraulic actuation systems, which form the principal component of test facilities, such as, multi-axes shake tables for testing building structures under earthquake loads, multi-post testrigs for testing vehicles subjected to road loads, and reaction-wall based test systems for simulating horizontal effects of earthquake loads on building structures. These systems have enabled the conduct of systematic studies on simulation of nonlinear structures under transient loads, simulation of multi-component and spatially varying random loads, and combining numerical and experimental methods with a view to avoid scaling while testing small scale critical components of large built-up structures. The investigations reported in this thesis are in this area of research and are primarily aimed at exploring the potential of servo-hydraulic test systems to address a few intricate issues related to performance assessment of engineering vibrating systems.
A broad-based overview of goals of experimental approaches in vibration engineering, including dynamic system characterization and performance assessment, is presented in Chapter 1. Also discussed are the brief details of vibration testing methods developed in the context of earthquake engineering (including quasi-static test, effective force test, shake table test, combined effective force and shake table test, various versions of pseudo-dynamic test, and real-time substructuring) and automotive vehicle testing (including input excitation based methods and response based methods). The discussion notes the remarkable success witnessed in combining mathematical methods and experimental techniques especially in problems of characterization of dynamic system properties. Similar success, however, is observed to be not wide-spread in the context of development of test methods aimed at performance assessment of vibrating systems. The review culminates with the identification of the following three problems to be tackled in the present thesis: (a) development of efficient experimental procedures to estimate time varying reliability of structures under multi-component earthquake loads and similar analysis of vehicle structures under spatially varying random road loads; the focus here is on achieving sampling variance reduction in estimating the reliability; (b) development of experimental procedures to determine optimal cross-power spectral density models of partially specified multi-component random loads so as to produce the highest and lowest response variance in a specified response variable; the focus here is on seismic tests of asymmetric structures under partially specified multi-component earthquake loads, and on characterizing optimal correlations between two parallel tracks which maximize or minimize the vehicle response; and (c) development of a modified pseudo-dynamic test procedure, to incorporate additional components in numerical and experimental modeling in terms of an augmented linearized variational equation, so as to assess and contain propagation of numerical and experimental errors. The subsequent three chapters of the thesis tackle these questions and in doing so the thesis makes the following contributions:
(A) Inspired by the Girsanov transformation based Monte Carlo simulation method for estimating time-variant component reliability of vibrating systems, an experimental test procedure, which incorporates the Girsanov transformation step into its folds, has been developed to estimate the time-variant system reliability of engineering systems. The two main ingredients of application of this strategy consists of determination of a control vector, which is artificially introduced to facilitate reduction in sampling variance, and the formulation of the Radon-Nikodym derivative, which serves as the correction to be introduced in order to compensate for the addition of the artificial control. (B) In problems of response analysis of structures subjected to random earthquake loads and vibration of vehicles running on rough roads, it may not be always feasible to completely specify the external actions on the structures. In such situations, it is of interest to determine the most favorable and the least favorable responses, along with the models for missing information in the inputs which produce the extreme responses. The present study, again inspired by existing analytical solutions to this problem, develops an experimental procedure to characterize the optimal excitation models and associated responses. (C) In the context of PsD testing of nonlinear structure to earthquake loads, a refinement in the test procedure involving the treatment of a linearized variational equation is proposed. This has led to the estimation of the evolution of global error norm as test proceeds with time. The estimates of error thus obtained have been used to decide upon altering the time step of integration.
45
Wang, Pei-Syu, and 王姵詡. "Risk Assessment of Earthquake Insurance：The Application of Copula Theorem." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w7zj92.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
統計學系統計與精算碩士班
102
The Copula model is applied in the thesis in order to analysis the correlation between loss ratios for the earthquake insurance which includes the residential earthquake insurance, the commercial earthquake insurance, and the factory earthquake insurance. In the empirical study, firstly, we analysis the correlation for the right tail under each of two datasets by using three types of Copula that are Clayton Copula, Frank Copula, and Gumbel Copula. Secondly, we search for the appropriate model for the overall loss ratio for these three earthquake insurance based on the Gaussian Copula and the Student’s t Copula. In the simulation study, we construct two series of loss ratio data with and without the property of independence, for the loss ratio data without the independence, the Student’s t Copula specification is exercised, and calculate its’ total losses. The Value at Risk (VaR) and the Conditional Tail Expectation (CTE) are two criteria for decision. According to the result, the value of total loss calculated from the loss ratio data with correlation acquires higher VaR and higher CTE value. We might suggest that when pricing or making decision on risk aversion, insurance company could take the loss ratio correlation into consideration.
46
Vackář, Jiří. "Automatizace určování zdrojových parametrů zemětřesení." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388837.
Full textAbstract:
Title: Automated determination of earthquake source parameters Author: Jiří Vackář Department: Department of Geophysics Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Jiří Zahradník, DrSc., Department of Geophysics Abstract: The thesis deals with methods for automated inversion of seismic source parameters. We studied the influence of structure model used and show an ex- ample how the existing model can be improved. We have developed a new, fully automated tool for the centroid moment tensor (CMT) inversion in a Bayesian framework. It includes automated data retrieval from ArcLink server or local data storage. Step-like disturbances are detected using modeling of the distur- bance according to instrument parameters and such components are automati- cally excluded from further processing. Frequency ranges for the filtration and time windows for the inversion are determined automatically due to epicentral distance. Full-waveform inversion is performed in a space-time grid around a provided hypocenter. A data covariance matrix calculated from pre-event noise yields an automated weighting of the station recordings according to their noise levels and also serves as an automated frequency filter suppressing noisy frequency ranges. The method is tested on synthetic and observed data. It is applied on a dataset from the Swiss seismic...
47
Mello, Michael. "Identifying the Unique Ground Motion Signatures of Supershear Earthquakes: Theory and Experiments." Thesis, 2012. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7144/1/Mello_Michael_2012_thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The near-field ground motion signatures associated with sub-Rayleigh and supershear ruptures are investigated using the laboratory earthquake experiment originally developed by Rosakis and co-workers (Xia et al., 2004, 2005a; Lu et al., 2007; Rosakis et al., 2007). Heterodyne laser interferometers enable continuous, high-bandwidth measurements of fault-normal (FN), fault-parallel (FP), and vertical (V) particle velocity ``ground motion" records at discrete locations on the surface of a Homalite-100 test specimen as a sub-Rayleigh or a supershear rupture sweeps along the frictional fault. Photoelastic interference fringes, acquired using high-speed digital photography, provide a synchronized, spatially resolved, whole field view of the advancing rupture tip and surrounding maximum shear stress field.
The first phase of experimental investigations examine and verify the ground motion signatures of supershear ruptures. Experimental results demonstrate that a shear Mach front produced by a stable supershear rupture is characterized by a dominant FP velocity component. The situation is shown to reverse in the sub-Rayleigh rupture speed regime whereby the FN particle velocity component dominates the ground motion record. Additional distinguishing particle velocity signatures, consistent with theoretical and numerical predictions, and repeatedly observed in experimental records are, (1) a pronounced peak in the FP velocity record induced by the leading dilatational field, which sweeps the measurement station in advance of the shear Mach front, and (2) a pronounced velocity swing in the FN record associated with the arrival of a trailing Rayleigh sub-Rayleigh (secondary) rupture, which follows the arrival of the shear Mach front. Analysis of the particle velocity records also confirms 2D steady-state theoretical predictions pertaining to the separation, attenuation, and radiation partitioning of the shear and dilatational portions of the rupture velocity field components.
The second phase of our experimental investigations re-examine the 2002, Mw7.9, Denali fault earthquake and the remarkable set of near-source ground motion records obtained at (PS10), located approximately 85 km east of the epicenter and just 3 km north of the fault along the Alaska pipeline. Motivated by the analysis and interpretation of these records by (Ellsworth et al., 2004; Dunham and Archuleta, 2004, 2005), we attempt to mimic the Denali strike-slip rupture scenario and replicate the PS10 ground motion signatures using a laboratory earthquake experiment. The experiments feature a left-to-right (west-to-east) propagating right lateral rupture within a Homalite-100 test specimen with particle velocity data collected at a near-field station situated just above (north of) the fault. Both sub-Rayleigh and supershear laboratory earthquake experiments are conducted using the Denali PS10 configuration in order to compare and contrast the resulting particle velocity signatures. Supershear laboratory records capture all of the prominent features displayed within the PS10 ground motion records. Noted velocity signatures are correlated to the location of the rupture fronts and their noted arrival times in the synchronized photoelastic image sequence. Scaling relationships are also presented which transform the laboratory records through six orders of magnitude in time, to match the scale of the PS10 ground motion records. The strong correlation between the scaled experimental records and the actual PS10 ground motion records support the hypothesis that the Denali strike-slip fault exhibited a supershear burst.
Finally, we present a 2D steady state, stress-velocity formulation that relates the FP and FN particle velocity records measured close to the fault, to the evolution of the stress tensor at the same location. A locally steady-state condition is assumed within a restricted time interval in order to invoke these relationships and estimate the dynamic stresses, σxx(t) and τ(t), at the near-fault station. Dynamic stress measurements enable a new class of friction investigations using the laboratory earthquake configuration. Experimental findings are presented, which capture the temporal and spatial distributions of σxx and τ, evolution of the dynamic friction coefficient, and velocity weakening behavior of a supershear slip-pulse.
48
Pavlacký, Matěj. "Pozdně minojská sídliště opuštěná či zničená následkem santorinské katastrofy." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-308277.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines Late Minoan Settlements in Crete that were destroyed or abandoned due to the consequences of the Santorini volcano eruption. A summary of geological history of Crete, Thera and the surrounding area is given in the first part. The next chapter sums up the research in the fields of relative and mainly absolute chronology, of which scientists have not yet been able to provide a convincing calendar date for the eruption of the volcano nor a possible fixed absolute chronology of the general Later Bronze Age not only in the Aegean. The development of the Santorini Volcano eruption in the Late Minoan IA period (LM IA) is described. According to the research, this eruption must have caused earthquakes and tsunamis. The possible impact on the near island of Crete, its inhabitants and settlements, mainly in the coastal area of north-northeast part of the island, is also discussed.