Relevant bibliographies by topics / Earthquake complexity

Academic literature on the topic 'Earthquake complexity'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Earthquake complexity"

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KIKUCHI, Masayuki. "Complexity of Earthquake Source Processes." Zisin (Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan. 2nd ser.) 44, Supplement (1991): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4294/zisin1948.44.supplement_301.

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Yin, Jiuxun, Zefeng Li, and Marine A. Denolle. "Source Time Function Clustering Reveals Patterns in Earthquake Dynamics." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 2343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200403.

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Abstract We cluster a global database of 3529 Mw>5.5 earthquakes in 1995–2018 based on a dynamic time warping distance between earthquake source time functions (STFs). The clustering exhibits different degrees of complexity of the STF shapes and suggests an association between STF complexity and earthquake source parameters. Most of the thrust events have simple STF shapes across all depths. In contrast, earthquakes with complex STF shapes tend to be located at shallow depths in complicated tectonic regions, exhibit long source duration compared with others of similar magnitude, and tend to have strike-slip mechanisms. With 2D dynamic modeling of dynamic ruptures on heterogeneous fault properties, we find a systematic variation of the simulated STF complexity with frictional properties. Comparison between the observed and synthetic clustering distributions provides useful constraints on frictional properties. In particular, the characteristic slip-weakening distance could be constrained to be short (<0.1 m) and depth dependent if stress drop is in general constant.
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Vallianatos, F., G. Michas, G. Papadakis, and A. Tzanis. "Evidence of non-extensivity in the seismicity observed during the 2011–2012 unrest at the Santorini volcanic complex, Greece." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 28, 2013): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-177-2013.

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Abstract. During the period of October 2011–January 2012, an increase of earthquake activity has been observed in the volcanic complex of Santorini Island, Greece. Herein, the magnitude distribution of earthquakes as well as the temporal distribution of seismicity are studied. The statistics of both parameters exhibit complexity that is evident in the frequency-magnitude distribution and the inter-event time distribution, respectively. Because of this, we have used the analysis framework of non-extensive statistical physics (NESP), which seems suitable for studying complex systems. The observed inter-event time distribution for the swarm-like earthquake events, as well as the energy and the inter-event earthquake energy distributions for the observed seismicity can be successfully described with NESP, indicating the inherent complexity of the Santorini volcanic seismicity along with the applicability of the NESP concept to volcanic earthquake activity, where complex correlations exist.
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Erickson, Brittany A., Junle Jiang, Michael Barall, Nadia Lapusta, Eric M. Dunham, Ruth Harris, Lauren S. Abrahams, et al. "The Community Code Verification Exercise for Simulating Sequences of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip (SEAS)." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 2A (January 29, 2020): 874–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190248.

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Abstract Numerical simulations of sequences of earthquakes and aseismic slip (SEAS) have made great progress over past decades to address important questions in earthquake physics. However, significant challenges in SEAS modeling remain in resolving multiscale interactions between earthquake nucleation, dynamic rupture, and aseismic slip, and understanding physical factors controlling observables such as seismicity and ground deformation. The increasing complexity of SEAS modeling calls for extensive efforts to verify codes and advance these simulations with rigor, reproducibility, and broadened impact. In 2018, we initiated a community code-verification exercise for SEAS simulations, supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center. Here, we report the findings from our first two benchmark problems (BP1 and BP2), designed to verify different computational methods in solving a mathematically well-defined, basic faulting problem. We consider a 2D antiplane problem, with a 1D planar vertical strike-slip fault obeying rate-and-state friction, embedded in a 2D homogeneous, linear elastic half-space. Sequences of quasi-dynamic earthquakes with periodic occurrences (BP1) or bimodal sizes (BP2) and their interactions with aseismic slip are simulated. The comparison of results from 11 groups using different numerical methods show excellent agreements in long-term and coseismic fault behavior. In BP1, we found that truncated domain boundaries influence interseismic stressing, earthquake recurrence, and coseismic rupture, and that model agreement is only achieved with sufficiently large domain sizes. In BP2, we found that complexity of fault behavior depends on how well physical length scales related to spontaneous nucleation and rupture propagation are resolved. Poor numerical resolution can result in artificial complexity, impacting simulation results that are of potential interest for characterizing seismic hazard such as earthquake size distributions, moment release, and recurrence times. These results inform the development of more advanced SEAS models, contributing to our further understanding of earthquake system dynamics.
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Ando, R., and T. Yamashita. "Fault Zone Complexity and Earthquake Ruptures." Scientific Drilling SpecialIssue (November 1, 2007): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-specialissue-27-2007.

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Rice, J. R., and Y. Ben-Zion. "Slip complexity in earthquake fault models." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93, no. 9 (April 30, 1996): 3811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.9.3811.

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Barnhart, William D., Gavin P. Hayes, and David J. Wald. "Global Earthquake Response with Imaging Geodesy: Recent Examples from the USGS NEIC." Remote Sensing 11, no. 11 (June 6, 2019): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111357.

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The U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center leads real-time efforts to provide rapid and accurate assessments of the impacts of global earthquakes, including estimates of ground shaking, ground failure, and the resulting human impacts. These efforts primarily rely on analysis of the seismic wavefield to characterize the source of the earthquake, which in turn informs a suite of disaster response products such as ShakeMap and PAGER. In recent years, the proliferation of rapidly acquired and openly available in-situ and remotely sensed geodetic observations has opened new avenues for responding to earthquakes around the world in the days following significant events. Geodetic observations, particularly from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and satellite optical imagery, provide a means to robustly constrain the dimensions and spatial complexity of earthquakes beyond what is typically possible with seismic observations alone. Here, we document recent cases where geodetic observations contributed important information to earthquake response efforts—from informing and validating seismically-derived source models to independently constraining earthquake impact products—and the conditions under which geodetic observations improve earthquake response products. We use examples from the 2013 Mw7.7 Baluchistan, Pakistan, 2014 Mw6.0 Napa, California, 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha, Nepal, and 2018 Mw7.5 Palu, Indonesia earthquakes to highlight the varying ways geodetic observations have contributed to earthquake response efforts at the NEIC. We additionally provide a synopsis of the workflows implemented for geodetic earthquake response. As remote sensing geodetic observations become increasingly available and the frequency of satellite acquisitions continues to increase, operational earthquake geodetic imaging stands to make critical contributions to natural disaster response efforts around the world.
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Zhang, J., F. Gao, H. Yu, and X. Zhao. "Use of an orthogonal parallel robot with redundant actuation as an earthquake simulator and its experiments." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 1 (October 3, 2011): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211413050.

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In this article, an orthogonal 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) parallel robot with redundant actuation is studied as an earthquake motion simulator. Taking the practical simulation of earthquake waves into consideration, the general characteristics of natural earthquakes are analysed and complexity and variety of seismic waves, three-dimensional and multi-DOF movement, and strong devastating force are regarded as the three obvious features in this article. Based on the characteristics of this orthogonal 6-DOF parallel robot with redundant actuation and the features of earthquakes, the feasibility of using this parallel robot as an earthquake motion simulator is analysed from three aspects: orthogonal 6-DOF structure, decoupling feature, and redundant actuation module. In order to simulate an earthquake motion using this parallel robot, its inverse kinematics and dynamics models are derived. The control system of this earthquake simulator is developed based on the PXIbus development platform. The computed-torque control algorithm based on the inverse dynamics is used in the controller of this equipment. A typical three-directional earthquake motion, the El Centro earthquake, is simulated on the end-effector of this parallel robot by means of its mathematical models and control system. Three main motion parameters of simulated seismic waves, displacements, velocities, and accelerations, are measured, respectively, by laser tracker and acceleration sensors. The experimental results show this equipment is appropriate to be used as an earthquake simulator.
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BHATTACHARYA, S. N., K. C. SINHA RAY, and H. N. SRIVASTAVA. "Large fractal dimension of chaotic at tractor for earthquake sequence near Nurek reservoir." MAUSAM 46, no. 2 (January 1, 2022): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v46i2.3227.

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Fractal dimension of the chaotic attractor for earthquake sequence in Nurek dam based on 22.000 earthquakes detected during the period 1976-87 has been studied for this total period of observations as well as for the period from December 1977 to December 1987. The second period excluded increased seismic activity during second stage of filling the reservoir. Large fractal dimensions of the chaotic at tractor of 8.3 and 7.3 were found for the respective period which suggests the complexity of earthquake .dynamics in this region as compared to Koyna reservoir.
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Quintanar, Luis, J. Yamamoto, and Z. Jiménez. "Source mechanism of two 1994 intermediate-depth-focus earthquakes in Guerrero, Mexico." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 89, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 1004–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0890041004.

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Abstract In May and December 1994, two medium-size, intermediate-depth-focus earthquakes occurred in Guerrero, Mexico, eastward of the rupture area of the great Michoacan earthquake of September 19, 1985. Even though these are not major earthquakes (∼6.4 Mw), they were widely felt through central and southern Mexico, with minor damage at Zihuatanejo and Acapulco, located along the Pacific coast, and Mexico City. Both earthquakes, separated by ∼100 km, have similar focal depths and magnitudes, however, their focal mechanisms, based upon the polarities of first arrivals, show some differences. The May earthquake shows a clear normal faulting mechanism (φ = 307°, δ = 55°, λ = −108°), whereas the December earthquake mechanism solution suggests an initial thrust faulting (φ = 313°, δ = 62°, λ = 98°) process. Although previous analysis, including local and teleseismic stations, reported a normal faulting for the December earthquake, we find that modeling using the CMT focal mechanism solution fails to reproduce the first 5 sec of the observed P-wave signal at the nearest broadband station (Δ = 168 km) and the S-wave polarity at two strong ground-motion local stations (Δ = 32, 53 km); in fact, the best fit for these stations is obtained using the thrust focal mechanism calculated from the first-motion method. Seismic moment value and rupture duration time deduced from the teleseismic spectral analysis are: 2.0 × 1018 N-m and 6.9 sec for the May event; 2.8 × 1018 N-m and 7.1 sec for the December earthquake. From the inferred seismic moment, an average Δσ of ∼15 bars for both earthquakes is obtained. Inversion of teleseismic P-wave data indicates a better fit using the CMT focal mechanism solution (normal faulting) than the first-motion mechanism for both earthquakes, although the adjustment's differences are small for the May event; for this earthquake, the rupture consisted of two sources separated by ∼7 sec, starting at a depth of ∼40 km and then propagating downdip, reaching a depth of ∼60 km. The December earthquake however, released, all its energy at a depth of 50 km in two main sources separated by ∼10 sec. The non-double-couple components values are −0.004 and −0.01 for the May and December events, respectively, indicating that the December shock has a small contribution of non-double-couple radiation that could be the result of a changing mechanism. This result agrees with the hypothesis that a slab subducting at a shallower angle (our case) is associated with the existence of random subfaults with different fault orientations. From a tectonic point of view, the complexity of the December earthquake could be the result of the observed complexity of the stress distribution around 101°W and the existence of compressional events beneath the normal faulting earthquakes near the coastline. This feature permits the flexural stresses associated to the slab bending upward to become subhorizontal at the Guerrero region. We conclude that the May earthquake corresponds to a pure normal faulting, whereas the December shock is a complex event with a variable fault geometry.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Earthquake complexity"

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Touati, Sarah. "Complexity, aftershock sequences, and uncertainty in earthquake statistics." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6224.

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Earthquake statistics is a growing field of research with direct application to probabilistic seismic hazard evaluation. The earthquake process is a complex spatio-temporal phenomenon, and has been thought to be an example of the self-organised criticality (SOC) paradigm, in which events occur as cascades on a wide range of sizes, each determined by fine details of the rupture process. As a consequence, deterministic prediction of specific event sizes, locations, and times may well continue to remain elusive. However, probabilistic forecasting, based on statistical patterns of occurrence, is a much more realistic goal at present, and is being actively explored and tested in global initiatives. This thesis focuses on the temporal statistics of earthquake populations, exploring the uncertainties in various commonly-used procedures for characterising seismicity and explaining the origins of these uncertainties. Unlike many other SOC systems, earthquakes cluster in time and space through aftershock triggering. A key point in the thesis is to show that the earthquake inter-event time distribution is fundamentally bimodal: it is a superposition of a gamma component from correlated (co-triggered) events and an exponential component from independent events. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes at Italian and Hawaiian volcanoes exhibit a similar bimodality, which in this case, may arise as the sum of contributions from accelerating and decelerating rates of events preceding and succeeding volcanic activity. Many authors, motivated by universality in the scaling laws of critical point systems, have sought to demonstrate a universal data collapse in the form of a gamma distribution, but I show how this gamma form is instead an emergent property of the crossover between the two components. The relative size of these two components depends on how the data is selected, so there is no universal form. The mean earthquake rate—or, equivalently, inter-event time—for a given region takes time to converge to an accurate value, and it is important to characterise this sampling uncertainty. As a result of temporal clustering and non-independence of events, the convergence is found to be much slower than the Gaussian rate of the central limit theorem. The rate of this convergence varies systematically with the spatial extent of the region under consideration: the larger the region, the closer to Gaussian convergence. This can be understood in terms of the increasing independence of the inter-event times with increasing region size as aftershock sequences overlap in time to a greater extent. On the other hand, within this high-overlap regime, a maximum likelihood inversion of parameters for an epidemic-type statistical model suffers from lower accuracy and a systematic bias; specifically, the background rate is overestimated. This is because the effect of temporal overlapping is to mask the correlations and make the time series look more like a Poisson process of independent events. This is an important result with practical relevance to studies using inversions, for example, to infer temporal variations in background rate for time-dependent hazard estimation.
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Sato, Kazuhiko. "Scale-dependence of earthquake initiation and rupture complexity." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145092.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第11325号
理博第2883号
新制||理||1430(附属図書館)
22968
UT51-2005-D76
京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻
(主査)教授 Mori James Jiro, 教授 川崎 一朗, 教授 竹本 修三
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Corradini, Marina. "Reconstruction of the earthquake rupture process through coherent teleseismic imaging and statistical modeling." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/CORRADINI_Marina_va1.pdf.

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De nombreuses études ont tenté d’éclairer la complexité de la rupture sismique de grands séismes en utilisant des techniques d’imagerie cohérente telles que la back- projection (BP). Dans une étude récente, Fukahata et al. (2013) ont suggéré que, d’un point de vue théorique, l’image BP de la rupture sismique est liée au glissement ou à la vitesse de glissement sur la faille. Cependant, la relation quantitative entre les images BP et les propriétés physiques du processus de rupture reste encore peu connue. Cette thèse vise à clarifier comment les images BP du champ d’ondes rayonné peuvent être utilisées pour déduire les hétérogénéités spatiales en glissement et en vitesse de rupture le long de la faille. Nous réalisons des simulations de différents processus de rupture à l’aide d’un modèle de source linéaire. Pour chaque modèle de rupture, nous calculons les sismogrammes synthétiques à trois réseaux télésismiques et nous appliquons la technique de BP afin d’identifier les sources de rayonnement haute fréquence (HF). Cette procédure permet de comparer les images BP avec le modèle de rupture originaire et d’interpréter les émissions HF en fonction des trois paramètres cinématiques: le temps de montée, la valeur du glissement final, la vitesse de rupture. Nos résultats montrent que les pics HF extraits avec l’analyse BP sont le plus étroitement associés aux hétérogénéités spatio-temporelles de l’accélération du glissement. Nous vérifions nos observations sur deux grands séismes survenus dans la faille de Swan Islands à neuf ans d’intervalle: le séisme du 2009 (Mw 7.3) et celui du 2018 (Mw 7.5) au nord du Honduras. Les deux événements montrent une géométrie linéaire, ce qui les rend comparables à notre approche synthétique. Malgré la géométrie simple, les deux séismes sont caractérisés par un taux de glissement complexe, avec plusieurs sous-événements. Nos résultats préliminaires montrent que l’image BP des émissions HF permet d’estimer une longueur et une vitesse de rupture compatibles avec d’autres études et qu’un fort rayonnement HF pourrait correspondre aux zones de forte variabilité du taux de glissement. En conclusion, nous utilisons une méthode de réseau de neurones afin de prédire les paramètres cinématiques d’une rupture sismique à partir de son image BP. Le réseau s’appuie sur un grand nombre de processus de rupture synthétiques et leurs images BP, dans le but d’identifier le lien statistique entre le rayonnement HF et les paramètres cinématiques. Nos résultats montrent que le réseau de neurones appliqué à l’image BP du séisme est capable de prédire les valeurs du temps de montée et de la vitesse de rupture le long de la faille, ainsi que la position moyenne de l’hétérogénéité. Par contre, le réseau de neurones n’arrive pas à récupérer les valeurs du glissement final, auquel l’approche BP est relativement insensible. Notre étude permet de mieux comprendre l’écart qui existe actuellement entre la description théorique de la génération de rayonnements HF et les observations d’émissions HF obtenues par des techniques d’imagerie cohérentes, en s’appuyant aux pistes d’action possibles et en suggérant de nouvelles perspectives
Many studies have attempted to illuminate rupture complexities of large earthquakes through the use of coherent imaging techniques such as back-projection (BP). Recently, Fukahata et al. (2013) suggested that, from a theoretical point of view, the BP image of the rupture is related to the slip motion on the fault. However, the quantitative relationship between the BP images and the physical properties of the earthquake rupture process still remains unclear.Our work aims at clarifying how BP images of the radiated wavefield can be used to infer spatial heterogeneities in slip and rupture velocity along the fault. We simulate different rupture processes using a line source model. For each rupture model, we calculate synthetic seismograms at three teleseismic arrays and we apply the BP technique to identify the sources of high-frequency (HF) radiation. This procedure allows for the comparison of the BP images with the originating rupture model, and thus the interpretation of HF emissions in terms of along-fault variation of the three kinematic parameters: rise time, final slip, rupture velocity. Our results show that the HF peaks retrieved from BP analysis are most closely associated with space-time heterogeneities of slip acceleration. We verify our findings on two major earthquakes that occurred 9 years apart on the strike-slip Swan Islands fault: the Mw 7.3 2009 and the Mw 7.5 2018 North of Hondurasearthquakes. Both events followed a simple linear geometry, making them suitable for comparison with our synthetic approach. Despite the simple geometry, both slip-rate functions are complex, with several subevents. Our preliminary results show that the BP image of HF emissions allows to estimate a rupture length and velocity which are compatible with other studies and that strong HF radiation corresponds to the areas of large variability of the moment-rate function. An outstanding question is whether one can use the BP image of the earthquake to retrieve the kinematic parameters along the fault. We build on the findings obtained in the synthetic examples by training a neural network model to directly predict the kinematic parameters along the fault, given an input BP image. We train the network on a large number of different synthetic rupture processes and their BP images, with the goal of identifying the statistical link between HF radiation and rupture kinematic parameters. Our results show that the neural network applied to the BP image of the earthquake is able to predict the values of rise time and rupture velocity along the fault, as well as thecentral position of the heterogeneity, but not the absolute slip values, to which the HF BP approach is relatively insensitive. Our work sheds some light on the gap currently existing between the theoretical description of the generation of HF radiation and the observations of HF emissions obtained by coherent imaging techniques, tackling possible courses of action and suggesting new perspectives
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Lin, Ting-Chen, and 林庭甄. "An Ultra-Low Complexity Algorithm (ULCA) for Earthquake Early Warning System." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/eqegfr.

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碩士
國立中央大學
通訊工程學系
105
Earthquake is one of the major natural disasters, which could kill or injure thousands of people and cause huge property loss. According to the statistics, the number of earthquake events is about five million times per year and two thousands of them exceed magnitude 5. If we can win few seconds before the earthquake comes, it may save lots of lives and reduce economic losses. The earthquake early warning becomes an issue that cannot be ignored. Earthquake early warning system (EEWS) needs rapid transmission of seismic information. Moreover, it requires accurate and fast algorithm to support the detection of earthquakes. In the past decades, progress has been made to invest the EEWS in countries where earthquake occurs frequently. For example, the United States of America, Canada, Japan and Taiwan have participated in doing the researches of EEWS. The earthquake warning detection methods such as: Artificial Neural Networks, Kruskal-wallis test, Fourier transform, Wavelet transform, Support Vector Machine are potential algorithms with high complexity. Nowadays, the EEWS is expected to use a large number of devices to form an earthquake detection network to increase the reliability. However, the algorithms with high computation complexity are not conducive to be implemented on general devices, such as smart phones, tablets or IoT-devices. In this thesis, we aim to reduce the complexity of the seismic algorithm. To accomplish it, we use a large number of real earthquake events as the analysis samples to verify the algorithm and improve accuracy.
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"Effects of Fault Segmentation, Mechanical Interaction, and Structural Complexity on Earthquake-Generated Deformation." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.24899.

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abstract: Earth's topographic surface forms an interface across which the geodynamic and geomorphic engines interact. This interaction is best observed along crustal margins where topography is created by active faulting and sculpted by geomorphic processes. Crustal deformation manifests as earthquakes at centennial to millennial timescales. Given that nearly half of Earth's human population lives along active fault zones, a quantitative understanding of the mechanics of earthquakes and faulting is necessary to build accurate earthquake forecasts. My research relies on the quantitative documentation of the geomorphic expression of large earthquakes and the physical processes that control their spatiotemporal distributions. The first part of my research uses high-resolution topographic lidar data to quantitatively document the geomorphic expression of historic and prehistoric large earthquakes. Lidar data allow for enhanced visualization and reconstruction of structures and stratigraphy exposed by paleoseismic trenches. Lidar surveys of fault scarps formed by the 1992 Landers earthquake document the centimeter-scale erosional landforms developed by repeated winter storm-driven erosion. The second part of my research employs a quasi-static numerical earthquake simulator to explore the effects of fault roughness, friction, and structural complexities on earthquake-generated deformation. My experiments show that fault roughness plays a critical role in determining fault-to-fault rupture jumping probabilities. These results corroborate the accepted 3-5 km rupture jumping distance for smooth faults. However, my simulations show that the rupture jumping threshold distance is highly variable for rough faults due to heterogeneous elastic strain energies. Furthermore, fault roughness controls spatiotemporal variations in slip rates such that rough faults exhibit lower slip rates relative to their smooth counterparts. The central implication of these results lies in guiding the interpretation of paleoseismically derived slip rates that are used to form earthquake forecasts. The final part of my research evaluates a set of Earth science-themed lesson plans that I designed for elementary-level learning-disabled students. My findings show that a combination of concept delivery techniques is most effective for learning-disabled students and should incorporate interactive slide presentations, tactile manipulatives, teacher-assisted concept sketches, and student-led teaching to help learning-disabled students grasp Earth science concepts.
Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Geological Sciences 2014
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Hillers, G. "On the origin of earthquake complexity in continuum fault models with rate and state friction." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/1024.

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It is of great interest to isolate the fundamental physical mechanism controlling observed statistical properties of seismicity patterns. We present four numerical studies investigating the e ciency of uid related mechanisms and the role of fault zone heterogeneity in producing observed earthquake complexities. The 3-D models of the continuous class are governed by rate- and state-dependent friction and, depending on the problem, by elasto-hydraulic interactions or heterogeneous frictional properties on the 2-D fault plane. First, for certain ranges of hydraulically relevant parameters dilatant processes are shown to stabilize accelerating slip instabilities on a uid in ltrated fault, leading to nonuniform spatio-temporal slip evolution. The second model demonstrates the ability of heterogeneous pore pressure conditions in an undrained environment to produce complex slip pattern, where unstable sliding corresponds to regions with low degrees of overpressurization. In the third study we focus on the role of complex fault zone structure, parameterized by heterogeneous distributions of the rate and state slip weakening distance. The approach is shown to be a powerful and consistent method to generate seismicity patterns with properties similar to those of natural seismicity. Due to the e ciency of this parameterization we use it in the fourth study to investigate fault zones at di erent evolutionary stages and associated seismic response types. Using heterogeneous, correlated maps of the slip weakening distance we explore systematically the e ect of the range of size scales, correlation lengths and a statistical parameter related to roughness, on seismic response characteristics. In summary, we observe an increase in e ciency from the rst to the last study to generate synthetic seismicity with realistic statistical properties, suggesting that the range of size scales is the most fundamental parameter in explaining complex earthquake related phenomena. In the last part we analyze the generated synthetic seismicity catalogs with respect to their overall source scaling behavior. We nd that the general scaling trends of source properties of the simulated slip maps are in very good agreement with observations reported in the literature. We also show that the catalog of source models provides a useful resource on physically self-consistent scenario earthquakes for groundmotion simulations. We make use of this resource calculating waveforms and shake intensity maps for a suite of example events.
Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zurich. This work was sponsored by EC-Project RELIEF (EVG1-CT-2002-00069).
Unpublished
open
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Books on the topic "Earthquake complexity"

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Myers, Christopher R. Slip complexity in a crustal-plane model of an earthquake fault. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Theory Center, Cornell University, 1994.

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Robinson, Andrew. Earth shock: Climate, complexity and the forces of nature. London: Thames and Hudson, 1993.

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Robinson, Andrew. Earth shock: Climate, complexity and the forces of nature. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Earthquake complexity"

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Newman, William I. "Earthquake Complexity." In Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26050-7_97-1.

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Bormann, Peter, and Joachim Saul. "Earthquake Magnitude." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 1–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27737-5_151-2.

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Bormann, Peter, and Joachim Saul. "Earthquake Magnitude." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 2473–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_151.

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Ide, Satoshi, Gregory C. Beroza, and Jeffrey J. McGuire. "Imaging earthquake source complexity." In Seismic Earth: Array Analysis of Broadband Seismograms, 117–35. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/157gm08.

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Madariaga, Raul. "Earthquake Scaling Laws." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 2581–600. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_156.

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Keilis-Borok, Vladimir, Andrei Gabrielov, and Alexandre Soloviev. "Geo-complexity and Earthquake Prediction." In Extreme Environmental Events, 573–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7695-6_32.

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Keilis-Borok, Vladimir, Andrei Gabrielov, and Alexandre Soloviev. "Geo-complexity and Earthquake Prediction." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 4178–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_246.

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Holliday, James R., John B. Rundle, and Donald L. Turcotte. "Earthquake Forecasting and Verification." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 2438–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_149.

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Abe, Sumiyoshi, and Norikazu Suzuki. "Earthquake NetworksEarthquake networks , Complex." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 2530–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_153.

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Bormann, Peter, and Domenico Di Giacomo. "Earthquake: Magnitudes, Energy, and Moment." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 1–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27737-5_627-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Earthquake complexity"

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Hsu, Meng-Yun, and Shiann-Tsong Sheu. "A low complexity algorithm for earthquake detection system." In 2016 International Conference On Communication Problem-Solving (ICCP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccps.2016.7751128.

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Min, Lei, Meng Guang, and Nilanjan Sarkar. "Complexity Analysis of 2010 Baja California Earthquake Based on Entropy Measurements." In Second International Conference on Vulnerability and Risk Analysis and Management (ICVRAM) and the Sixth International Symposium on Uncertainty, Modeling, and Analysis (ISUMA). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413609.182.

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Rokneddin, K., M. Sánchez-Silva, and L. Dueñas-Osorio. "Reduced Computational Complexity for the Reliability Assessment of Typical Infrastructure Topologies." In Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Conference (TCLEE) 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41050(357)65.

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Chelidze, T., and T. Matcharashvili. "Measuring Complexity of Geophysical Processes: Implications for Earthquake Prediction and Geophysical Prospecting." In Geophysics of the 21st Century - The Leap into the Future. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.38.f319.

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Stahl, Timothy, Jesse Kearse, Andrew Howell, Kate Clark, Andrew Nicol, Jarg R. Pettinga, Pilar Villamor, and Colin B. Amos. "EXTREME SURFACE RUPTURE COMPLEXITY AND FAULT KINEMATICS REVEALED BY DIFFERENTIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY OF THE 2016 KAIKŌURA, NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-340938.

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Caruso, Filippo, Alessandro Pluchino, Vito Latora, Andrea Rapisarda, Sergio Vinciguerra, Sumiyoshi Abe, Hans Herrmann, Piero Quarati, Andrea Rapisarda, and Constantino Tsallis. "Self-Organized Criticality and earthquakes." In COMPLEXITY, METASTABILITY, AND NONEXTENSIVITY: An International Conference. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2828746.

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Shang, Ziduan, Xiao Huang, Meng Chu, Lutong Zhang, and Chunhua Wu. "The Application of PSHA Method in the Determination of Beyond Design Basis Earthquake for New NPP Design." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60043.

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Even though in the past 30 years, Beyond Design-Basis Event (BDBE) Design for nuclear power plant (NPP) has been considering as one of the design commitment for the safety and function goals, often time a compromise inevitably take the place when conduct the detail engineering design. There is several reasons lead to this situation: (1) the lacking of thorough investigation and research on this subject, (2) the need for clarity and recommendations from industrial code and standard practice, (3) the need for clearer and specific regulation and regulatory requirements, (4) the consideration of economy. By understanding the above situations, this paper is contributed to investigate the determination of Beyond Design Basis Seismic (BDBS) design for new NPPs in current timeframe. Due to the complexity of this new emerging subject, this paper, as the carrier of preliminary (phase 1) results, is attempting to summarize the authors’ latest research progress from technical and design practice point of view. The preliminary research on BDBE determination is focusing on the investigation of the applicability of PSHA method on this subject. Following aspects are considered in this phase 1 report: • The definition of BDBE from current nuclear power engineering perspectives. • The discussion of the applicability of PSHA on BDBE determination. • Suggested procedures for BDBE determination etc. • The recommendation of approaches for SSC modeling and analysis under BDBE. This paper will also cover some topics on the design criteria for beyond design basis earthquake loading conditions. A more detailed discussion on beyond design basis loading’s combinations and design criteria will be investigated in the phase 2 report of this research.
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Gaudry, Laurent, Martial Chabloz, Darius Golchan, Julien Nembrini, and Matthias Schmid. "Ecological mass timber as an answer to affordable housing in Switzerland?" In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0621.

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<p>The lightness and thermal performances of timber has led designers to consider using it for urban densification and to make it the key for a more sustainable and affordable construction industry.</p><p>This project of a timber-framed high-rise building will become one of the tallest in Switzerland to adopt a wooden construction, using a mix of two types of manufactured wood: cross-laminated timber (CLT) for structural walls and glue-laminated timber (a.k.a. glulam) combined to an upper concrete layer linked with screws for the slabs. The use of timber sourced from local forest is considered by the engineers because its abundance in Switzerland.</p><p>The concrete layer is needed to reach a high level of acoustic performance and to efficiently create horizontal diaphragms for earthquake resistance. It also enables the reduction of the thickness of the complex. The lower wooden surfaces with warm natural appearance are visible from the rooms, as well as the vertical surfaces of the CLT wall supporting them.</p><p>The project reveals the complexity for timber structures to simultaneously comply with regulations concerning structural, fire safety, acoustical and earthquake-resistance performances. Building Information Modeling (BIM) allows excellent technical installations coordination to reach a high degree of prefabrication.</p>
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Marino, Bianca Gioia, Raffaele Catuogno, and Rossella Marena. "RESTORATION, REPRESENTATION, PROJECT: A DIALOGUE-LIKE APPROACH FOR THE COMPSA PALIMPSEST." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12161.

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Compsa is the name of the ancient town of Conza della Campania, in Irpinia, which as a result of the 1980 earthquake was completely destroyed. An extensive study over the entire urban area founded on the dialogue between the examples of the restoration project and the potential to represent it through innovative, instrumental research-projects has revealed not only unedited historical data which have enriched our knowledge regarding the ite, but also significant traces to elaborate the proposed project to re-evaluate such a unique archaeological park have been revealed. The extreme complexity of the theme, which involves the urban and panoramic dimensions as well as the architectural one includes also the need for the re-evaluation of the archaeological park and the extraordinary presence of ancient evidence and remains in a town which is made up of rubble.
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Pascu, Radu, Ovidiu Anicai, Livia Stefan, Iolanda gabriela Craifaleanu, Viorel Popa, Vasilevirgil Oprisoreanu, Ionut Damian, Andrei Papurcu, and Cristian Rusanu. "SEISMOCODE: ONLINE INSTRUCTIONAL PLATFORM FOR THE PROFESSIONAL UPGRADING OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN ENGINEERS." In eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-192.

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In a country like Romania, where about two-thirds of the territory is affected periodically by strong earthquakes, the proper design of buildings to seismic actions is an essential prerequisite for the safety of the population. Structural engineers are responsible for taking appropriate measures in the design of buildings, so that these will not collapse in future earthquakes. This is accomplished by an intricate and laborious process, for which seismic codes provide the necessary rules and procedures. With the accession of Romania to the EU, the country has adopted several European standards and regulations, which have replaced or completed the national regulatory body. At the same time, national codes were harmonized with European standards, in the framework of a countrywide programme that started in the early '90s. The current Romanian code for the design of buildings for earthquake resistance, P100-1/2013, represents an improved version of the first European harmonized seismic code, P100-1/2006. Due to their increased complexity and novelty, the application of these codes in the design of buildings represents a significant challenge for the professional community. Practically all structural engineers more than 32 years old in the country were taught seismic design according to older codes. Several initiatives were taken for their professional upgrading, in which universities and professional associations were involved. However, the impact of these initiatives is still very low. An online platform for the instruction of structural design engineers in the use of the new seismic design code, based on the Moodle platform, is presently developed by the authors, in the framework of a complex research project, involving a consortium of three institutions: a university, a research institute and an IT organization. The platform will consist of a body of knowledge, supplemented with related wiki sections. Exercises, tests and quizzes will be included, to facilitate learning. A collection of multimedia resources, with video presentations of renowned specialists will be also available to users. Feedback from the professional community and from prospective users will be collected by questionnaires available on the platform. A forum will be also configured, to allow user interaction.
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Reports on the topic "Earthquake complexity"

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Blanford, Robert R. Discrimination of Earthquakes and Explosions at Regional Distances Using Complexity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada267638.

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Journeay, M., P. LeSueur, W. Chow, and C L Wagner. Physical exposure to natural hazards in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330012.

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Natural hazard threats occur in areas of the built environment where buildings, people, and related financial assets are exposed to the physical effects of earth system processes that have a potential to cause damage, injuries, losses, and related socioeconomic disruption. As cities, towns, and villages continue to expand and densify in response to the pressures of urban growth and development, so too do the levels of exposure and susceptibility to natural hazard threat. While our understanding of natural hazard processes has increased significantly over the last few decades, the ability to assess both overall levels of physical exposure and the expected impacts and consequences of future disaster events (i.e., risk) is often limited by access to an equally comprehensive understanding of the built environment and detailed descriptions of who and what are situated in harm's way. This study addresses the current gaps in our understanding of physical exposure to natural hazards by presenting results of a national model that documents characteristics of the built environment for all settled areas in Canada. The model (CanEM) includes a characterization of broad land use patterns that describe the form and function of cities, towns, and villages of varying size and complexity, and the corresponding portfolios of people, buildings and related financial assets that make up the internal structure and composition of these communities at the census dissemination area level. Outputs of the CanEM model are used to carry out a preliminary assessment of exposure and susceptibility to significant natural hazard threats in Canada including earthquake ground shaking; inundation of low-lying areas by floods and tsunami; severe winds associated with hurricanes and tornados; wildland urban interface fire (wildfire); and landslides of various types. Results of our assessment provide important new insights on patterns of development and defining characteristics of the built environment for major metropolitan centres, rural and remote communities in different physiographic regions of Canada, and the effects of ongoing urbanization on escalating disaster risk trends at the community level. Profiles of physical exposure and hazard susceptibility described in this report are accompanied by open-source datasets that can be used to inform local and/or regional assessments of disaster risk, community planning and emergency management activities for all areas in Canada. Study outputs contribute to broader policy goals and objectives of the International Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 2015-2030; Un General Assembly, 2015) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR 2015-2030; United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction [UNDRR], 2015), of which Canada is a contributing member. These include a more complete understanding of natural hazard risk at all levels of government, and the translation of this knowledge into actionable strategies that are effective in reducing intrinsic vulnerabilities of the built environment and in strengthening the capacity of communities to withstand and recover from future disaster events.
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