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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Earth Construction

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Academic literature on the topic 'Earth Construction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Earth Construction"

1

Lu, Xiang Ting, and Yuan Ping Liu. "Rammed Earth Construction: A Sustainable Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 3131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.3131.

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Abstract. Present concerns for sustainable development have led to a revival of Rammed earth construction using natural or recycled resources. In human history, rammed earth constructions has a long history and wide application. The rammed earth construction is a symbol of the coexistence between mankind and nature, and especially with today’s energy depletion and environmental degradation, it became the focus of attention for its excellent function. The factors contributing to raw soil construction’s bleak prospect are that architect rarely focus on the rammed earth buildings and lack of people to participate in construction system. Since the sustainable development has been a theme of contemporary society, architect and engineer should pain more attention to the rammed earth construction.

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Thajeel, Marwah M., and György L. Balázs. "3D printing for earth construction - review." Concrete Structures 23 (2022): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32970/cs.2022.1.10.

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Concrete is the second frequently used material in our planet. Being the most consumed construction material for infrastructures and buildings, the demand for concrete is very high at present and expected to have the same significance in the future. On the other hand, conventional concrete could not be considered as an environmentally friendly construction material. This comes from the perspectives of reducing natural resources, high energy consumption, and produce a huge amounts of construction waste. 3D printing construction with earth materials provide the potential solutions to reshape the construction world and answering the current demands of sustainability, energy efficiency and cost in construction. This paper presents a review of 3D printed constructions made from earth materials benefits, limitations and current applications.

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Barbosa, Normando Perazzo, and Khosrow Ghavami. "Earth Construction and Sustainability." Key Engineering Materials 634 (December 2014): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.634.433.

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This paper presents some considerations on the impacts of industrialized construction materials to Planet Earth. It comments about sustainability and show that large part of the present generation has not met their basic needs, starting with the house. So, in this context, with the actual economic model, it becomes difficult to ensure that future generations are able to meet their own needs. Some considerations about possibilities of building with reduced environmental impact is presented. Comments about raw earth as building material are made. New possibilities to give stability to this material against water action is discussed. Finally, it shows some contemporary constructions made with earth in Brazil.

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Yu, Hong, and Hai Jun Sun. "On-Site Inspection and Analysis on Earth Architecture’s Enclosure Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.492.

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In order to assess the human settlements situation of earth construction and analyse Environmental protection and energy saving effect of the earth construction's enclosure-construction, we choose Jinan's earth construction--adobe houses--to conduct the detection and analysis of energy saving and were based on the factual date to calculate enclosure-construction's heat transfer coefficient K and the actual energy consumption to analyses the influential factors of the energy consumption and determine the main part of the energy saving effect of energy consumption based on the Extensive research of the ecological environment and earth construction in Shandong province. The results show that the typical enclosure-structure with good heat saving capacity can maintain the indoor thermal stability. Through the calculation of heat retaining structure, we can know that the tested adobe house's energy consumption is larger than normal house. it suggested that the earth construction has the characteristics of better energy saving and environmental protection. seeing that the factual tested adobe house's lower intensity , bad decoration and imperfection ,we put forward the suitable earth buildings scheme of the construction of new countryside.

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Arduin, Deborah, Lucas Rosse Caldas, Rayane de Lima Moura Paiva, and Fernando Rocha. "Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Earth Construction: A Systematic Literature Review Considering Five Construction Techniques." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 13228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013228.

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In the past decade, there has been an increase in the environmental performance assessment in earth construction through the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. A Systematic Literature Review verified LCA methodology trends of five earth construction techniques from 2016 to April 2022, resulting in 27 studies. The results have been analyzed through qualitative thematic analysis, considering LCA methodology. Considering embodied carbon (GWP) and embodied energy, transportation and binder content were the main factors that influenced environmental performance. Hence, earth-based constructions exhibit better results in different impact categories than conventional materials. Environmental guidelines and technical features that were presented in the LCA studies are discussed for Adobe, Cob, Rammed Earth (RE), Compressed Earth Block (CEB), and Light Straw Clay (LSC). This study presents environmental benchmarks at the unit, wall, and building scales aiming to encourage LCA methodology applied to earth construction techniques and fostering the discussion of earth construction sustainability.

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Maiti, Surjya K., and Jnanendra N. Mandal. "Rammed Earth House Construction." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 111, no. 11 (November 1985): 1323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1985)111:11(1323).

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Jovanovic, Milena, Aleksandra Miric, Goran Jovanovic, and Momcilovic Petronijevic. "Earth as a material for construction of modern houses." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 16, no. 2 (2018): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace160823001j.

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Earth was used for construction of residential buildings in the past. Due to the more widespread tendency toward the use of sustainable local materials, earth is present as one of the dominant materials for building of modern houses. The implemented techniques for construction of earth houses differ depending on the characteristics of a region and architectural tradition. This paper presents the characteristics of earth as a building material, traditional techniques for construction of residential buildings using earth, regulations which permit the construction in many countries of the world, as well as traditional residential building constructing techniques which use earth. Likewise, through the emblematic realizations of contemporary architecture it was shown that earth houses have the potential to provide the modern standard of living and to satisfy the aesthetic requirements.

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Mousourakis, Αpostolos, Maria Arakadaki, Sofoklis Kotsopoulos, Iordanis Sinamidis, Tina Mikrou, Evangelia Frangedaki, and Nikos D. Lagaros. "Earthen Architecture in Greece: Traditional Techniques and Revaluation." Heritage 3, no. 4 (October 27, 2020): 1237–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3040068.

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A big part of traditional architecture both in rural and urban areas in the Greek territory has been built with raw earth. The aim of this paper is to present earthen buildings’ constructions in Greece and show their important contribution to our heritage. The use of earth as a basic constructing material has given different earthen building cultures and techniques. Earthen construction encloses many varied uses and applications, as walls or as plasters. In different periods of time and historical contexts, from the indigenous inhabitants to the neighborhoods of the refugees of Asia Minor Catastrophe, the earth constructions had a primary role. The existence of earthen architecture was investigated in urban and rural sites in Greece. Building information, documentation, and records of buildings’ design, construction techniques, elements, and systems are presented. Today, there is still a rich architectural heritage throughout the country, which has lasted through the years and withstood seismic activities and poor conservation.

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Vyncke, Johan, Laura Kupers, and Nicolas Denies. "Earth as Building Material – an overview of RILEM activities and recent Innovations in Geotechnics." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902001.

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This paper presents an overview of the different earth building techniques, the latest innovations and the normative aspects. The oldest man made earth constructions known to exist date back to 10 000 BC. Since then, earth has remained a popular building material throughout history. With time, different techniques evolved, starting from sundried adobe blocks to cob constructions, rammed earth walls and compressed earth bricks. Today these techniques are still being optimized and alternative binders, specifically adapted admixtures and surface treatments are being developed. Even though nearly one third of the world’s population lives in an earth construction, few specific building standards and testing methods exist. Many of the tests used today are based on tests for concrete and thus do not take into account the complex nature of earth constructions, such as their sensitivity to water. RILEM, the union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures, set up a new Technical Committee in 2016: TC TCE (Testing and Characterisation of Earth-based building materials and elements). This committee, consisting of an international group of experts on the topic, aim to define testing procedures for earth as a building construction material. To end with, this paper also gives a short introduction to “Deep soil mixing”, an “earth” building technique dedicated to geotechnical engineering.

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Kim, Jinsung, Hyeonggil Choi, Keun-Byoung Yoon, and Dong-Eun Lee. "Performance Evaluation of Red Clay Binder with Epoxy Emulsion for Autonomous Rammed Earth Construction." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092050.

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Existing rammed earth construction methods have disadvantages such as increased initial costs for manufacturing the large formwork and increased labor costs owing to the labor-intensive construction techniques involved. To address the limitations of the existing rammed earth construction methods, an autonomous rammed earth construction method was introduced herein. When constructing an autonomous rammed-earth construction method, an alternative means of assuring the performance at the initial age of the binder in terms of materials is needed. In this study, in order to satisfy the performance of the red clay binder, epoxy emulsion was added to analyze the compressive strength, water loosening, shrinkage, rate of mass change, and microstructure in the range of the initial age. As a result of the analysis, the applicability of the epoxy emulsion was confirmed as a new additive for application to an autonomous rammed-earth construction method.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Earth Construction"

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Guo, Jing. "Freeform Rammed Earth Shell Construction." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491312964445038.

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Jaquin, Paul A. "Analysis of historic rammed earth construction." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2169/.

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Rammed earth is an ancient construction technique which has recently become popular for sustainable building. Soil is compacted in removable formwork to make a homogeneous wall. A lack of experimental evidence and a poor fundamental understanding means that current design guidelines are highly conservative and inappropriate for the analysis of historic rammed earth buildings. This thesis shows that rammed earth can be viewed in a geotechnical engineering framework and that doing so helps to explain many aspects of the material behaviour. Rammed earth walls were built and tested in the laboratory then modelled using techniques available to practising engineers. Unsaturated soil mechanics was considered useful in explaining much of the behaviour of rammed earth. This was investigated through a series of uniaxial compression tests and the results are explained using unsaturated soil mechanics. Visits to Spain and India were made to investigate rammed earth in the field. Historic construction techniques, modes of failure and repair strategies were studied. The unsaturated nature of rammed earth is used to explain modes of failure and to suggest the most appropriate repair strategies

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Kurtz, Robert Kevin. "Construction, Adaptation, and Preservation of Earth Homes on the Northern Plains." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29008.

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The earth home, in its many varieties and styles, played an important role in the development of the American Great Plains during the mid-nineteenth century. However, the lack of further study into the material culture of these homes has allowed many of these homes to be misrepresented in the historical record as temporary shelters. Not all of the earth homes constructed during this period were temporary. Further study of the materials used, the locations in which they were built, and their construction methods suggest that many of these homes were built to last. The three case studies used in this thesis represent a large number of earth homes still standing today. The findings of this study enhance the history of the region and open up new avenues for further research on earth homes as well as the possibilities and the importance of their preservation.

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Okoronkwo, Chijioke David. "Developing sustainable and environmentally friendly building materials in rammed earth construction." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/612020.

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Building rammed earth structures provides a sustainable alternative to concrete. As a building material, rammed earth exhibits very varied physical and material properties depending on the proportion of constituting soil types. When very sandy soil is used in rammed earth production, the properties are different from when a clayey soil is used. This variability can be seen as a very great advantage in the use of rammed earth as a building material. Builders are able to adjust specific properties by changing mix proportions to obtain a desirable balance in the characteristics of the resulting rammed earth structure. This research work looks at selected mechanical and physical properties of different mixes of rammed earth. It describes typical range of values in density, thermal conductivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water ingress and compressive strength. It examines how these factors interrelate in the same soil mixes. Samples were prepared by blending various soil types in specific proportions to ensure that each definition of soil grade is as specific as possible. Unstabilised rammed earth was tested as was cement stabilised rammed earth. Rammed earth was tested at various levels of stabilisation and it was discovered that higher rates of stabilisation was not always beneficial to every material property. The research also looked into the potential disposal of waste materials in rammed earth. As rammed earth is a monolithic material that largely remains undisturbed throughout its life span, it was suggested that waste materials could be stored in an inert form inside of rammed earth rather than dumping it in otherwise agricultural landmass. Pulverised Fuel Ash and Palm Kernel Shells were identified as wastes to be disposed in rammed earth. Pulverised Fuel Ash, a by-product of industrial furnace is found in abundance in developed countries that burn carbonaceous materials in power plants. Disposals have been seen as a problem as only a small proportion of high loss on ignition (LOI) Pulverised Fuel Ash has found application. Palm Kernel Shell is a by-product of the oil palm industry and is currently a menace in many developing countries that need to dispose large quantities of the shell in landfills. At an early stage of the research, experimental trial runs quickly showed that these supposedly waste materials had a positive effect on some of the material properties of the rammed earth walls they were made into. This research effort evolved to look into exploiting these materials to improve the physical and material property of rammed earth and to suggest their effect on stabilised and unstabilised rammed earth. The extent to which these materials could be useful and the level at which diminishing returns set in was also investigated. It was discovered that soil mixes that would otherwise not be considered suitable for use in rammed earth wall production can now be utilised as their characteristics can be improved on simply by adding Pulverised Fuel Ash or Palm Kernel shell in the right proportion. Incorporating Pulverised Fuel Ash in rammed earth resulted in increased compressive strength. Palm Kernel shell improved thermal properties without compromising compressive strength.

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Hamard, Erwan. "Rediscovering of vernacular adaptative construction strategies for sustainable modern building : application to cob and rammed earth." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET011/document.

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L'utilisation de matériaux locaux, naturels et non transformés offre des solutions prometteuses de construction à faible impact environnemental. La grande variabilité spatiale de ces matériaux est cependant un obstacle à une utilisation à plus grande échelle. Les stratégies de construction développées par les anciens bâtisseurs ont été dictées par le climat local et la qualité ainsi que la quantité de matériaux de construction disponibles localement. Ces stratégies de construction peuvent être considérées comme une gestion optimisée des ressources locales, naturelles et variables et sont une source d'inspiration pour la construction durable moderne. Malheureusement, cette connaissance a été perdue dans les pays occidentaux au cours du 20ème siècle. La redécouverte des savoir-faire traditionnels requiert le développement de moyens rationnels d’analyse du patrimoine. Un autre problème concernant l'utilisation de matériaux de construction naturels et variables est leur conformité vis-à-vis de la réglementation du secteur du bâtiment. Le développement de procédures d’essais performantiels est proposé comme solution pour faciliter l'utilisation des techniques de construction en terre. Une approche multidisciplinaire est proposée, combinant micromorphologie, pédologie, géotechnique et étude du patrimoine pour analyser le bâti vernaculaire en terre. Cette approche fournit des outils complémentaires pour évaluer la source des matériaux de construction et identifier les caractéristiques géotechniques de la terre employées dans le patrimoine. Il fournit également une description détaillée des processus vernaculaires de construction. En utilisant ces résultats, il a été possible d'élaborer des cartes de ressources et d’estimer l’ordre de grandeur de la disponibilité des ressources à l'échelle d’une région. Deux procédures d’essais performantiels ont été proposées afin de tenir compte de la variabilité naturelle des terres dans le contexte réglementaire actuel. La construction en terre jouera un rôle important dans la construction durable du 21ème siècle si les acteurs du secteur adoptent des procédés de construction capables de répondre à la demande sociale, avec un faible impact environnemental et à un coût abordable. L'étude du patrimoine en terre a démontré la capacité des anciens bâtisseurs à innover afin de se conformer aux variations de la demande sociale et aux développements techniques. La construction en terre bénéficie d'un passé ancien et riche et il convient de tirer profit de ce retour d’expérience. L'analyse du patrimoine en terre et la redécouverte des techniques de construction vernaculaire est une source d'inspiration précieuse pour la construction contemporaine. La valorisation des connaissances vernaculaires permettra d’économiser du temps, de l'énergie et d'éviter de répéter les erreurs passées. L'avenir de la construction de la terre doit s’inscrire dans la continuité de la construction en terre vernaculaire
The use of local, natural and unprocessed materials offers promising low impact building solutions. The wide spatial variability of these materials is, however, an obstacle to a large-scale use. The construction strategies developed by past builders were dictated by the local climate and the quality and the amount of locally available construction materials. These construction strategies can be regarded as an optimized management of local, natural and variable resources and are a source of inspiration for modern sustainable building. Unfortunately, this knowledge was lost in Western countries during the 20th century. Vernacular earth construction know-how rediscovering requires the development of rational built heritage investigation means. Another issue regarding the use of natural and variable building material is their compliance with modern building regulation. The development of performance based testing procedures is proposed as a solution to facilitate the use of earth as a building material. A multidisciplinary approach is proposed, combining micromorphology, pedology, geotechnics and heritage disciplines to study vernacular earth heritage. It provides complementary tools to assess pedological sources of construction material and geotechnical characteristics of earth employed in vernacular earth heritage. It also provides a detailed description of the construction process of vernacular earth heritage. Using these results, it was possible to draw resource maps and provide a scale of magnitude of resource availability at regional scale. Two performance based testing procedures were proposed in order to take into account the natural variability of earth in a modern building context. Earth construction will play an important role in the modern sustainable building of the 21st century if the actors of the sector adopt earth construction processes able to meet social demand, with low environmental impact and at an affordable cost. The study of earth heritage demonstrated the ability of historical earth builders to innovate in order to comply with social demand variations and technical developments. Earth construction benefits of an old and rich past and it would be a non-sense to leave this past behind. The analysis of earth heritage and the rediscovering of vernacular construction techniques is a valuable source of inspiration for modern earth construction. The valorisation of vernacular knowledge will save time, energy and avoid repeating past mistakes. The future of earth construction should be a continuation of past vernacular earth construction

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Abele, Nathan Daniel. "A Field Study of Construction Deformations in a Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall." Connect to Online Resource-OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etd/etdc/view?accnum=toledo1165597471.

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Thesis (M.S.C.E.)--University of Toledo, 2006.
Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Civil Engineering." Bibliography: leaves 53-55.

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Mayon, Isaac Dompo. "Exploring Earth-Building Technology for Liberia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1896.

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This paper discusses earth as a building material and the extent to which earth building technology has evolved over the years. In particular it addresses the adobe, compressed and rammed earth techniques of earth building as suitable techniques for Liberia consumption. In addition, the paper investigates the suitability of the Latosols soils of Liberia for earth building construction purposes using standardized earth building principles and requirements. A local Johnson City, Tennessee, earth sample found to have the same physical characteristics of the Latosols of Liberia was used to simulate Liberia soils to produce specimen blocks at different configurations of moisture content and stabilizers (Bentonite and cement). Following 14 days of cure, the blocks were tested for compressive strength. It was found that blocks produced from the natural soil with no stabilizer added were structurally adequate for building construction purposes. A cost-benefit analysis involving blocks with and without stabilizer (cement) added was also performed.

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Cheung, Kwong-chung. "Reinforced earth wall design & construction in northern access road for Cyberport Development /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3676288X.

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Richardson, Jacob Armstrong. "Modeling the Construction and Evolution of Distributed Volcanic Fields on Earth and Mars." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6136.

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Magmatism is a dominant process on Earth and Mars that has significantly modified and evolved the lithospheres of each planet by delivering magma to shallow depths and to the surface. Two common modes of volcanism are present on both Earth and Mars: central-vent dominated volcanism that creates large edifices from concentrating magma in chambers before eruptions and distributed volcanism that creates many smaller edifices on the surface through the independent ascent of individual magmatic dikes. In regions of distributed volcanism, clusters of volcanoes develop over thousands to millions of years. This dissertation explores the geology of distributed volcanism on Earth and Mars from shallow depths (~1 km) to the surface. On long time scales, distributed volcanism emplaces magmatic sills below the surface and feeds volcanoes at the surface. The change in spatial distribution and formation rate of volcanoes over time is used to infer the evolution of the source region of magma generation. At short time scales, the emplacement of lava flows in these fields present an urgent hazard for nearby people and infrastructure. I present software that can be used to simulate lava flow inundation and show that individual computer codes can be validated using real-world flows. On Mars, distributed volcanism occurs in the Tharsis Volcanic Province, sometimes associated with larger, central-vent shield volcanoes. Two volcanic fields in this province are mapped here. The Syria Planum field is composed three major volcanic units, two of which are clusters of 10s to >100 shield volcanoes. This area had volcanic activity that spanned 900 million years, from 3.5-2.6 Ga. The Arsia Mons Caldera field is associated with a large shield volcano. Using crater age-dating and mapping stratigraphy between lava flows, activity in this field peaked at ~150 Ma and monotonically waned until 10-90 Ma, when volcanism likely ceased.

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Cheung, Kwong-chung, and 張光中. "Reinforced earth wall design & construction in northern access road for Cyberport Development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014279.

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Books on the topic "Earth Construction"

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Middleton, G. F. Earth-wall construction. 4th ed. Chatswood: National Building Technology Centre, 1987.

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United Nations Centre for Human Settlements., ed. Earth construction technology. Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1986.

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CRAterre, Ecole d'architecture de Grenoble, and United Nations Centre for Human Settlements., eds. Bibliography on soil construction. Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlement (Habitat), 1989.

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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse (U.S.), ed. Earth-sheltered houses. [Merrifield, VA] (P.O. Box 3048, Merrifield 22116): Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse, 1997.

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1950-, Watson Linda, Harries Rex, and University of Plymouth, eds. Out of Earth II: National conference on earth buildings. Plymouth: University of Plymouth, 1995.

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1957-, Walker Peter, ed. Rammed earth: Design and construction guidelines. Watford: BRE Bookshop, 2005.

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Diop, Baba. Matam: Construction en terre patrimoine intemporel. [Dakar]: Editions CUAD, 2018.

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J, Milititsky, and Woods Robert, eds. Earth pressure and earth-retaining structures. 2nd ed. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1993.

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Hutchinson, I. T. Construction & maintenance of unsealed roads. Wellington, N.Z: Transfund New Zealand, 1997.

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Clayton, C. R. I. Earth pressure and earth-retaining structures. 2nd ed. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Earth Construction"

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Torgal, Fernando Pacheco, and Said Jalali. "Earth Construction." In Eco-efficient Construction and Building Materials, 157–81. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-892-8_8.

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Houben, Hugo, and Hubert Guillard. "Prelims - Earth Construction." In Earth Construction, i—xiv. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444826.000.

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Houben, Hugo, and Hubert Guillard. "1. Earth Construction." In Earth Construction, 2–15. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444826.001.

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Houben, Hugo, and Hubert Guillard. "2. Soil." In Earth Construction, 16–42. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444826.002.

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Houben, Hugo, and Hubert Guillard. "3. Soil Identification." In Earth Construction, 43–70. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444826.003.

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Houben, Hugo, and Hubert Guillard. "4. Soil Stabalization." In Earth Construction, 71–104. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444826.004.

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Houben, Hugo, and Hubert Guillard. "5. Soil Suitability." In Earth Construction, 105–28. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444826.005.

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Houben, Hugo, and Hubert Guillard. "6. Tests." In Earth Construction, 129–42. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444826.006.

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Houben, Hugo, and Hubert Guillard. "7. Characteristics." In Earth Construction, 143–60. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444826.007.

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Houben, Hugo, and Hubert Guillard. "8. Construction Methods." In Earth Construction, 161–90. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444826.008.

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Conference papers on the topic "Earth Construction"

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Leonard, R. S. "Mass Drivers for Space Construction." In Earth and Space 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479179.036.

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Roedel, H., M. D. Lepech, and D. J. Loftus. "Protein-Regolith Composites for Space Construction." In Earth and Space 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479179.033.

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Howe, A. Scott, Brian Wilcox, Chris McQuin, David Mittman, Julie Townsend, Raul Polit-Casillas, and Todd Litwin. "Modular Additive Construction Using Native Materials." In Earth and Space 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479179.034.

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Mueller, Robert P., Laurent Sibille, Paul E. Hintze, Thomas C. Lippitt, James G. Mantovani, Matthew W. Nugent, and Ivan I. Townsend. "Additive Construction Using Basalt Regolith Fines." In Earth and Space 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479179.042.

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Henwood, Justin T., and Khamis Y. Haramy. "Rockery Design and Construction Guidelines." In Earth Retention Conference (ER) 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41128(384)85.

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MA, BAOMIN, and LEI LIN. "EARTH ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN CITY CONSTRUCTION." In Tall Buildings from Engineering to Sustainability - Sixth International Conference on Tall Buildings, Mini Symposium on Sustainable Cities, Mini Symposium on Planning, Design and Socio-Economic Aspects of Tall Residential Living Environment. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701480_0123.

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MASROUR, Ilham. "Naturally Strengthening Rammed Earth: The Promising Potential of Biopolymers." In Mediterranean Architectural Heritage. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-25.

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Abstract. Sustainable construction has become a global imperative due to the growing awareness of the harmful environmental impacts of the construction industry. The use of cement and lime in traditional methods of stabilizing earth constructions is a significant problem due to their high carbon footprint. This article examines an ecological alternative to stabilizing earth structures with biopolymers. These Bio-based materials can be used to reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry while also ensuring the structure's stability and durability. The purpose of this article is to examine the mechanical properties of biopolymers in the context of stabilizing earth construction. The objective is to guide the decision on which stabilization method to use for earth construction based on the available resources.

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Ghali, Haidy S., Yasmeen A. S. Essawy, Abdelhamid Abdullah, and Khaled Nassar. "Simulation of an Earth Embankment Dam in Adverse Rainy Weather." In Construction Research Congress 2022. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483961.140.

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Jin, Shiyu, Liuwang Kang, Yuan-Chih Peng, Zhenpeng He, Ruitao Song, Lingfeng Qian, and Liangjun Zhang. "Autonomous Excavator System for Construction Earth Moving." In 2nd ICRA 2023 Future of Construction Workshop. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/icra2023/0009.

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Lowe, Steven R., Frederick C. Rhyner, and Edward J. Schluter. "Selection and Construction of a Permanent Anchored Soldier Pile Wall." In Earth Retention Conference (ER) 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41128(384)19.

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Reports on the topic "Earth Construction"

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Mchugh, Power, and Randell. L51973 Encroachment Monitoring Via Earth Observation Data. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011273.

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The objective of the pipeline encroachment monitoring was to demonstrate the feasibility of using earth observation (EO) satellites for early detection of third party encroachment activities. Examples of encroachment activities include road construction, cable laying, farming, and residential or commercial development. Such activities may not occur directly on the pipeline right-of-way, but the associated heavy equipment may drive over the pipeline.

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Christian, J. E. Detailed thermal performance measurements and cost effectiveness of earth-sheltered construction: a case study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5284616.

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Hancher, Donn, Thomas White, and David Iseley. Construction Specifications for Highway Projects Requiring Horizontal Earth Boring and/or Pipe Jacking Techniques. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314166.

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McHugh, Power, and Randell. L51972 Encroachment Monitoring via Earth Observation Data. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011240.

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The objective of the pipeline encroachment monitoring project was to demonstrate the feasibility of using Earth observation (EO) satellites for early detection of third-party encroachment activities. Examples of encroachment activities include road construction, cable laying, farming, and residential or commercial development. Optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images taken from space-borne platforms were evaluated for use in detecting encroachment activities. C-CORE and TransCanada Pipelines Ltd. conducted an encroachment field program near Whitecourt, Alberta. Various encroachment activities, principally involving heavy equipment, were staged and concurrent satellite-based optical (IKONOS) and SAR (RADARSAT) images acquired. These images were then analyzed for signatures of the encroachment events. A total of 22 multispectral and panchromatic IKONOS images and 14 RADARSAT SAR images were acquired. The IKONOS satellite proved to be effective in detecting smaller vehicles (for example, small trucks or Bobcat tractors) in areas that are free from cloud cover. RADARSAT proved effective in the detection of larger vehicles (for example, excavators or dump trucks), linear excavation, deforestation, and the provision of reliable coverage in all weather conditions.

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Hancher, Donn, Thomas White, and David Iseley. Construction Specifications for Highway Projects Requiring Horizontal Earth Boring and/or Pipe Jacking Techniques : Executive Summary. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314167.

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Ziolkowski, Christopher. DTPH56-16-T-00020 Pipeline Defense with Combined Vibration Earth Movement and Current Sensing. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011937.

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The project objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of a pipeline right-of-way defense system based on a suite of stationary sensors mounted on, and adjacent to, the pipeline. The sensor data from multiple locations along the pipe are wirelessly forwarded to a central location for further analysis. Analytics residing at a central location correlate the data from multiple sensors to alert operators to events of interest occurring in the ROW with minimal latency. The purpose of this project is to design, test, and demonstrate in the field a system that automatically monitors the right-of-way (ROW) and notifies gas utility operators of various threats. The deployment of this system would allow utilities to mitigate risk to their pipelines by being better informed of where and when threats are occurring. The current practice is for utility inspectors to patrol the ROW with emphasis on areas where construction is ongoing. Automated monitoring and notification would allow personnel to be more efficiently dispatched.

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Tehrani, Fariborz M., Kenneth L. Fishman, and Farmehr M. Dehkordi. Extending the Service-Life of Bridges using Sustainable and Resilient Abutment Systems: An Experimental Approach to Electrochemical Characterization of Lightweight Mechanically Stabilized Earth. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2225.

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Bridges are critical components of transportation infrastructure. This research addresses the need to extend the service life of bridges by improving the safety and reliability of bridge abutments and reducing their life-cycle cost and footprints. Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) is a known strategy to enhance the economy and performance of bridge abutments. In addition, the application of rotary-kiln-manufactured lightweight aggregate backfills improves the performance of MSE bridge abutments with a leaner structural system. Such improvements include a reduction of structural demands due to a lower density, free drainage of granular materials, a high internal friction angle, less settlement with no consolidation, and accelerated construction requiring less compaction effort. This project aims to assess the electrochemical properties of expanded shale, clay, and slate (ESCS) aggregates and their influence on the corrosion of embedded steel strips. The experimental methodology involves evaluating current testing methods to measure electrical resistivity, pH, sulfate, chloride, and corrosion considering various gradation, moisture, dilution, and curing conditions. Samples represent available sources of ESCS with one source of normal weight aggregates for comparison. Results indicate the appropriateness of ESCS for addressing corrosion in MSE backfills. Further, outcomes provide guidelines to categorically predict the corrosivity of steel reinforcement when ESCS is employed as fill within MSE systems. These guidelines can help optimize the design and reduce the need to maintain and rehabilitate bridges, abutments, and approach and departure slabs on roadways to keep transportation systems safe and cost-efficient for sustainable infrastructure.

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Ting, Wang, and Jeff Sutherland. PR-469-143708-R02 In-line Inspection and Assessment for Pipeline Girth Weld Defects. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011487.

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During 2010 to 2012, the United States reported a total of eight girth weld failures and economic loss amounted to $4,382,000 [Summarized from data provided by PHMSA, http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/pipeline/library/data-stats/flagged-data-files]. PRCI has several projects (current and historic) that investigate various integrity concerns of vintage girth weld defects. Globally, the integrity of girth welds of oil and gas pipelines has increased as a concern due to failures with high consequences. A primary integrity issue to pipelines that has been the motivation of this project, considers defects originating during field construction but over time may also be subject to external loads and stresses due to earth movement. Girth weld defects in newly built pipelines are also assumed to exist but would be much smaller in size, and more difficult to detect, which motivated the investigation into minimum defect detection levels of the inspection technologies. The research objectives of this project were to characterize, and summarize, the applicability of ILI (In-line Inspection) technologies of MFL4 (Magnetic Flux Leakage), USCCD (UltraScan and trade; Circumferential Crack-Like Detection) and EMAT (Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer) for inspection of defects related to pipeline girth welds. Pull-through tests and infield site excavations of operational pipelines, have been collected and used here for detection, defect type classification and sizing quantification. From 2015 to 2016, a comparison of test results of MFL4 and USCCD and EMAT technology for girth weld defects is discussed. Based on the same pull test facility and manufactured defects for MFL4 and USCCD ILI inspection, comparison of the results were carried out for these two operational technologies for their inspection performances. The report also outlines the activities carried out to investigate a feasibility of EMAT technology to detect circumferentially oriented cracks based on current technology.

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DeSantis, John, and Jeffery Roesler. Longitudinal Cracking Investigation on I-72 Experimental Unbonded Concrete Overlay. Illinois Center for Transportation, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-002.

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A research study investigated longitudinal cracking developing along an experimental unbonded concrete overlay (UBOL) on I-72 near Riverton, Illinois. The project evaluated existing literature on UBOL (design, construction, and performance), UBOL case studies, and mechanistic-empirical design procedures for defining the mechanisms that are contributing to the observed distresses. Detailed distress surveys and coring were conducted to assess the extent of the longitudinal cracking and faulting along the longitudinal lane-shoulder joint. Coring over the transverse contraction joints in the driving lane showed stripping and erosion of the dense-graded hot-mix asphalt (HMA) interlayer was the primary mechanism initiating the longitudinal cracks. Cores from the lane-shoulder joint confirmed stripping and erosion was also occurring there and leading to the elevation difference between the driving lane and shoulder. Field sections by surrounding state departments of transportation (DOTs), such as Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, and Pennsylvania, with similar UBOL design features to the I-72 section were examined. Site visits were performed in Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania, while other sections were reviewed via state DOT contacts as well as Google Earth and Maps. Evidence from other DOTs suggested that HMA interlayers, whether dense graded or drainable, could experience stripping, erosion, and instability under certain conditions. An existing performance test for interlayers, i.e., Hamburg wheel-tracking device, and current models reviewed were not able to predict the distresses on I-72 eastbound. Adapting a dynamic cylinder test is a next step to screen HMA interlayers (or other stabilized layers) for stripping and erosion potential. To slow down the cracking and faulting on I-72 eastbound, sealing of the longitudinal lane-shoulder joint and driving lane transverse joints is suggested. To maximize UBOL service life, an HMA overlay will minimize water infiltration into the interlayer system and significantly slow down the HMA stripping and erosion mechanism that has led to longitudinal cracking and lane-shoulder faulting.

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Grant, Charles. Diaphragm Walls as Permanent Basement Walls in Regions of High Seismicity. Deep Foundations Institute, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37308/cpf-2012-slwl-1.

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Reinforced concrete structural slurry walls have been used in the United States since the early 1960s. The typical practice, and one that makes the economics of slurry walls particularly attractive, is to design the walls to act as both temporary excavation support and permanent basement walls. They often serve as multi-story basements and below grade parking for buildings, for tunnels, subway stations, and other buried structures. One of the early applications was for a foundation for a subway station in San Francisco, but for the most part they have been used more extensively in regions of low seismicity. The purpose of this report is to investigate the requirements for extension of this practice to more common use in regions of high seismicity. Structural slurry walls are concrete walls constructed below the ground surface. In slurry wall construction, a trench is excavated using a rectangular clamshell bucket or other specialized equipment. During excavation, the trench is held open by introduction of a bentonite or polymer slurry. Steel reinforcement, if required, is lowered into the slurry-filled trench, and concrete is subsequently deposited by tremie, displacing the slurry. The length of trench open at any one time is limited to a typical maximum of about 20 to 24 feet by excavation stability and concrete placement volume considerations. Each individual concrete placement is referred to as a “panel,” and vertical construction joints separate the panels. Temporary “end-stops” are used as formwork to control the geometry of the panel joints, and horizontal reinforcement is discontinuous at the joints. Structural slurry panels range from 1.5 to 5.0 feet thick, 7 to 24 feet long, and up to 300 feet deep. In the United States, panels that are 2.0 to 3.5 feet thick and depths of 40 to 150 feet are commonplace. Structural basement walls support earth pressures acting laterally against the wall, dead and live loads acting vertically, and in-plane shear and flexure from wind and earthquake loads. The design of permanent slurry walls in regions of low or moderate seismicity is often limited to providing the strength necessary to resist out-of-plane soil pressures and vertical dead and live loads from the superstructure and basement framing. Although these walls also transfer in-plane lateral forces from the superstructure into the soils, the walls are often not specifically designed for these in-plane forces because their inherent strength is usually much greater than the forces being transferred. If resistance to in-plane forces acting on a wall required an increase in vertical reinforcement at the ends of a wall segment, an increase in the cap beam strength, or an increase in the horizontal reinforcement for shear strength, the overall design and construction approach would not vary significantly from current practice. Structural slurry walls have been used to a limited extent for buildings designed for high seismic risk, but there is reluctance on the part of design engineers to use them more often because of concern for how to design these walls to resist in-plane lateral forces, lack of code provisions for reinforcement detailing, and damage that may occur at panel joints. For buildings designed for high seismic risk, such as those assigned to Seismic Design Categories (SDC) D, E, and F as defined in Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE/SEI 7-10), in-plane shear and flexural actions may likely require modifications of a structural slurry wall only designed for out-of-plane soil pressures and vertical live and dead loads. Design would need to address in-plane lateral forces acting on structural slurry walls and the interaction of the in-plane actions with the out-of-plane and vertical actions. These issues are discussed in this report, and approaches to design for high seismic risk are presented.

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