Relevant bibliographies by topics / Earth-based material

Academic literature on the topic 'Earth-based material'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Earth-based material"

Kharton, V. V. "SOFC Cathode Material Based on Rare Earth Cobaltites." ECS Proceedings Volumes 1995-1, no. 1 (January 1995): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/199501.0512pv.

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Galimov, E. M., and Yu A. Kostitsyn. "Planned earth-based studies of the phobos material." Solar System Research 46, no. 7 (December 2012): 476–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0038094612070118.

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Hemmer, Eva. "(Invited) Rare-Earth-Based Nanoparticles As Multimodal Bioprobes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 53 (July 7, 2022): 2212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01532212mtgabs.

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The remarkable optomagnetic properties of the rare-earths (RE) make RE-based materials ideal for biomedical applications, including diagnostic (e.g., imaging, nanothermometry) and therapeutic (e.g., drug delivery, photodynamic therapy) approaches. This is due the unique electronic properties of the f-elements allowing for upconversion and near-infrared emission under near-infrared excitation as well as high magnetic moments. Yet, challenges remain; low emission intensity and efficiency of small nanoparticles (NPs), and reliable, fast synthesis routes. As material chemists, we tackle these challenges with new designs of RE-NPs by chemically controlled synthesis, application-oriented surface chemistry, and understanding of structure-property-relationships. Sodium rare-earth fluorides (NaREF4) are our favorite materials, and we developed a fast and reliable microwave-assisted synthesis approach allowing crystalline phase and size control in the sub 15nm realm. Such control is crucial for the understanding of fundamental structure-property relationships and to optimize their optical and magnetic properties, when aiming for the design of next-generation optical probes or contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. For instance, NaGdF4 NPs are gaining interest as alternative MRI contrast agent, while co-doping with RE3+ ions renders them excellent candidates for photoluminescent optical probes. The hexagonal crystalline phase of NaGdF4 is known as the more efficient host material for upconversion emission, yet interestingly, it was found that its cubic counterpart shows superior performance as MRI contrast agent. Having a fast and reliable synthesis route towards NaREF4 NPs on hand, we now explore various nanoparticle architectures and compositions with the goal to optimize their optomagnetic properties, ultimately resulting in the design of biocompatible multimodal bioprobes. This presentation will shed light on recent results and remaining challenges in the field of RE-based nanostructures with respect to their microwave-assisted synthesis as well as structural and optomagnetic properties, seeking biomedical application, while also touching on hyperspectral imaging as an emerging analytical tool offering spatio-spectral information about RE-based materials.

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Bodian, Seckou, Mactar Faye, Ibrahima Diaw, Pape M. Toure, Younouss Dieye, and Vincent Sambou. "HYGROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EARTH BRICKS MADE FROM LATERITE AND CLAY OF SENEGAL." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15807.

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Earth is the main raw material most used in building construction in Africa and particularly in Senegal. It is a particularly malleable material, easy to handle, from which hard bricks (unfired or fired) can be made. Thus for a good prediction of the mechanical and thermal behavior of a material, it is important to determine its hygroscopic properties. This is why our study focuses on the hygroscopic characterization of earth materials based on laterite and clay. We are mainly interested in the study of adsorption and desorption isotherms by water vapor. The adsorption and desorption isotherm curves of the samples were determined by a volumetric method using the Belsorp Aqua3 apparatus. The measurement results showed that the earth materials are hygroscopic materials. Furthermore, unfired earth materials adsorb more moisture than fired earth materials.

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Suzuki, Takuya, Andre Sackmann, Alexandru Oprea, Udo Weimar, and Nicolae Barsan. "Rare-Earth Based Chemoresistive CO2 Sensors and Their Operando Investigations." Proceedings 14, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019014017.

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Rare-earth oxycarbonates have been proposed as promising chemoresistive materials for CO2 sensors. In this contribution we present the results of a broad investigation focused on selecting the best candidates in the rare-earth compounds and, in the case of the best performing material, preliminary results dealing with the understanding of sensing by the operando methods.

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Yu, Lin-Ping, Xu Zhang, Dai-Xu Wei, Qiong Wu, Xiao-Ran Jiang, and Guo-Qiang Chen. "Highly Efficient Fluorescent Material Based on Rare-Earth-Modified Polyhydroxyalkanoates." Biomacromolecules 20, no. 9 (January 9, 2019): 3233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01722.

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Zhang, Kun, Bairu Lu, Yihong Wang, Zhijun Lei, and Zhanshen Yang. "Experimental Strength of Earth-Based Construction Materials in Different Regions of China." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8130743.

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According to the latest UN statistics, more than 2 billion people in the world still live in various forms of earthen buildings, including some in China. The variety of earth-based constructional materials is significant among different regions, with each region influencing the selection of local earth construction materials. In this study, earth materials from four regions of China were collected and sorted, with 10 samples from each source, and cube compressive strength tests were performed to analyze the composition and mechanical properties of the four materials, including northeast black earth, southeast red earth, northwest loess, and Xinjiang yellow sand earth. The results showed that significant differences existed in the composition of earth-based constructional materials from different regions, which have influence on the materials’ compressive strength. The order from large to small of compressive strengths was loess, black earth, yellow sandy earth, and red earth. Material load-displacement curves were influenced significantly by the plasticity index, but the overall failure processes of the various samples were basically the same.

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Akinkunmi, Joel Olukunle. "Dwelling Affordability from Theory to Practice: The Use of Earth as Indigenous Building Material for Sustainable Development Amidst Post Covid-19 Situation in Nigeria." International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vo10.n1pp1320.

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Driven by urbanization and demographic growth in Nigeria, the estimated cost for low cost dwelling unit is very expensive, because of high cost of conventional building material. Indigenous building materials abound in our various locations and communities in our nation, in the olden days dwelling place were never an issue as man could make or create a dwelling place for himself and his family with available indigenous resources. He uses local materials such as earth, timber, bamboo, stone, thatch, bush rope, etc with one or two assistant and able to put together a dwelling to accommodate his activities. The paper examined earth as indigenous building materials and assessing local building cultures with earth for resilience and sustainable development for dwelling affordability in Nigeria. Also, it generates a practical guide for community-based assessment of earth material fortification without compromising the durability. The sustainability solution of earth as building material were discussed which include local employment opportunity for socio economic development among others. The paper then concludes on some sustainability strategies known with the earth over the year as productive and effective building material.

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Niroumand, Hamed, M. F. M. Zain, and Maslina Jamil. "The Important Role of Chogha Zanbil in Earth Architecture Based on Material, Structural and Architectural Aspects." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.395.

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Earthen buildings come in a vast variety of shapes and sizes, made from materials like fired clay, compressed dirt and a mixture of clay, sand, straw and water. People have been using various forms of earth to build structures for centuries. The aim of this paper is to find better knowledge about Chogha Zanbil as an earth architecture based on material, structural and architectural conditions. Earth architecture includes vernacular and historical architecture drawn from many cultures and periods in different countries. Chogha Zanbil’s materials are included mud bricks and walls that are earth building’s elements. The result has shown mud bricks as good materials can be develop in new buildings and applications.

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Vyncke, Johan, Laura Kupers, and Nicolas Denies. "Earth as Building Material – an overview of RILEM activities and recent Innovations in Geotechnics." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902001.

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This paper presents an overview of the different earth building techniques, the latest innovations and the normative aspects. The oldest man made earth constructions known to exist date back to 10 000 BC. Since then, earth has remained a popular building material throughout history. With time, different techniques evolved, starting from sundried adobe blocks to cob constructions, rammed earth walls and compressed earth bricks. Today these techniques are still being optimized and alternative binders, specifically adapted admixtures and surface treatments are being developed. Even though nearly one third of the world’s population lives in an earth construction, few specific building standards and testing methods exist. Many of the tests used today are based on tests for concrete and thus do not take into account the complex nature of earth constructions, such as their sensitivity to water. RILEM, the union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures, set up a new Technical Committee in 2016: TC TCE (Testing and Characterisation of Earth-based building materials and elements). This committee, consisting of an international group of experts on the topic, aim to define testing procedures for earth as a building construction material. To end with, this paper also gives a short introduction to “Deep soil mixing”, an “earth” building technique dedicated to geotechnical engineering.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Earth-based material"

Vall, Jon. "Finns det potential att införa en massdatabas för handel och utbyte av överskottsmassor i Eskilstuna?" Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-5598.

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In Eskilstuna and Sweden in general the level of reuse of surplus material containing soils and rocks from excavation is low. In this report the potential for increasing the reuse of excavated material in Eskilstuna by using a web-based earth information database has been examined. The purpose of a web-based earth information database is to connect those who have surplus material with those who need material for a fast and simple transaction. The intention is to give Eskilstuna a more environmentally and economically efficient handling of surplus material by increasing the level of reuse and thereby reducing the amount of surplus material that is wasted and emissions given off to the atmosphere during transportation. The potential has been examined in two different ways, by tracing information about a number of projects to see if excavated material driven to the dump could have been used in another project and by interviewing eight of the work leaders active in Eskilstuna. The potential has been determined to be low based mostly on the interviews and on the current legislation. Although many of the work leaders were positive to use an earth information database there is too much speaking against it. For example the contractor who wants to use another contractor’s surplus material has to apply to the local authority six weeks ahead. In the work place the limited time and space, which are the two most important factors for being able to reuse material on site, doesn’t allow the paperwork to take so long time. But it’s not impossible to launch a web-based earth information database in Eskilstuna and recommendations has been given for important considerations if one is to be initiated.

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Dovberg, Ludvig, and Löfgren Tobias. "LERGJORD : Stampad lerjord som ett innovationsmaterial i Skåne." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44670.

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Lergjord is a thesis that puts emphasis on the possibility of innovation by using local biobased material in the building industry of Skåne in Sweden. The thesis examines if rammed earth can be used in the implementation of LFM30 (Translated into English: Local Sustainable Goals in Malmö by 2030). By use of qualitative research methods, views on rammed earth as a building technique was explored by three stakeholders. This research has concluded if rammed earth is possible in Skåne as a conventional material in the future. We (Ludvig Dovberg and Tobias Löfgren) have examined the practical aspect of rammed earth on Urban Living Lab in the municipality of Lund by the use of local clay material from excavation for an expansion of a new railway between Malmö and Lund in collaboration with Trafikverket. This thesis concludes that rammed earth is feasible with clay from the excavation masses through project LERGJORD. Also, due to the vast quantity of it the resource might be useful for future rammed earth projects in Skåne. However, the building technique itself has some major drawbacks such as time-consumption and the knowledge gap is easily addressed. Although, there has been a development of a pre-fabrication concept of the building technique in Germany since the late 1990s, that could be a solution to the problem. The thesis also concludes that higher education and research is compulsory to establish a knowledge base for architects to work by. The case study showcased that a standardization of the material is needed to prevent vast material testing before being accepted for construction, like the Lehmbau-praxis in Germany. According to the material’s low impact in CO₂-emission and circularity this resourceful extraction could be of interest by the members of LFM30 to implement in the building industry of Skåne.
Lergjord är ett arbete som undersöker möjligheten till innovation genom att utnyttja lokala biobaserade material i Skåne i Sverige. Arbetet undersöker om stampad jordbyggnad kan användas för att genomföra de Lokala Färdplansmålen som Malmö Stad sätter fram till år 2030 (förk. LFM30). Genom kvalitativa forskningsmetoder undersöktes stampad lerjord som byggnadsteknik hos tre intressenter. Studien har sammanfattat möjligheten om hur stampad lerjord i Skåne kan bli ett konventionellt byggmaterial i framtiden. Vi (Ludvig Dovberg och Tobias Löfgren) har utvärderat den praktiska aspekten i stampad lerjord på Urban Living Lab i Lund med användandet av lokal lerjord från utgrävningar av tillbyggnation för järnvägsspår mellan Malmö och Lund i samarbete med Trafikverket. Arbetet visar att stampjordstekniken är möjlig med utvunnen lera från schaktmassorna mellan Lund och Malmö med hänvisning till projekt LERGJORD. Med tanke på den stora kvantitet av lera som finns kan denna utvinning vara användbar för andra projekt i Skåne. Hursomhelst, byggtekniken besitter på utmaningar såsom tidskrav och kunskapsluckan är tämligen lätt att adressera. Trots det, har ett prefabriceringskoncept inom byggtekniken utvecklats sedan slutet på 1990-talet i Tyskland, som kan vara en lösning på problemet. Arbetet tyder också på att högre utbildning och forskning krävs för att etablera en kunskapsbas som arkitekter kan arbeta vidare på. Fallstudien visar på att en standardisering av materialet krävs för att undvika långa och omständliga materialtester innan godkännande för konstruktion, likt Lehmbau-lagstiftningen i Tyskland. Materialets låga klimatpåverkan och cirkularitet gör det relevant för LMF30’s medlemmar att se vidare på alternativet för implementering i den skånska byggindustrin.

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Liu, Hongjun. "Synthesis and study of functional oxides based on earth-abundant elements." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI049/document.

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Au cours des dernières années, l'électronique à base d’oxydes métalliques a attiré de plus en plus d'attention au sein de la recherche, principalement grâce à leur potentiel en termes de réduction de coûts ainsi que la possibilité de développer une électronique transparente. Il existe plusieurs applications potentielles concernant les oxydes métalliques : le photovoltaïque, les transistors à couche mince et la photo-électrochimie. Il existe plusieurs oxydes métalliques de type n avec d'excellentes propriétés électroniques, telles que l'oxyde de zinc dopé à Al. Mais la mise au point de dispositifs entièrement à base d’oxydes métalliques est largement entravée par les mauvaises propriétés électroniques des oxydes de type p jusqu'à présent étudiés. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire de développer des matériaux semi-conducteurs d'oxyde métallique de type p présentant de meilleures propriétés électriques.Dans cette thèse, l'optimisation du dépôt de films minces de Cu2O a été effectuée par MOCVD assisté par aérosol (AA-MOCVD). Par conséquent, des films de Cu2O homogènes et de très forte cristallinité ont été déposés à basse température (environ 335 °C) sans contamination détectable de carbone. De plus, grâce à l'incorporation de l'humidité durant les dépôts, la taille des grains et l'orientation des films Cu2O peuvent être modulées, ainsi des films de Cu2O avec une texturation (111) et une taille de grains > 300 nm ont été obtenus. Pour les films Cu2O optimisés, la mobilité peut atteindre un maximum de 15 cm2 / V.s avec une concentration de porteur de l'ordre de 1015 cm-3. Enfin, un excellent comportement diode a été observé en combinant les films de Cu2O optimisés avec du ZnO, obtenant un rapport on/off supérieur à 104.En raison de l'incompatibilité entre la fenêtre de stabilité thermique associée à AgCuO2 et les températures nécessaires pour déposer des composés Ag et Cu par CVD avec les précurseurs utilisés, le dépôt direct d'AgCuO2 n'a pas pu être obtenu. Ainsi, des techniques de revêtement couche mince à base de solution ont été adoptées pour le dépôt de film AgCuO2. En particulier, la méthode SILAR a permis le dépôt de films minces d’AgCuO2. Grâce à une couche d’amorce sur substrat de verre appropriée, des couches d'AgCuO2 denses et continues ont été revêtues, avec une valeur RMS minimale de 8 nm. Les films d’AgCuO2 déposés avaient une phase presque pure. Les propriétés optiques et de transport des films minces AgCuO2 ont donc été analysées pour la première fois. Les mesures de transmittance ont confirmé la faible largeur de bande interdite prédite d’AgCuO2 (1,2 eV), tandis que grâce à l’utilisation de la formule de Tauc, nous avons constaté que ce matériau est plus susceptible d'avoir une bande interdite directe, en accord avec les calculs DFT publiés. Grâce aux mesures de l'effet Hall, les films AgCuO2 déposés ont été confirmés comme étant de type p. La plus faible résistivité atteinte est de 0,2 Ω.cm. En outre, ces films avaient une densité de porteurs de charge de l'ordre de 1017 cm-3 et la meilleure mobilité atteinte était de 24 cm2 / V.s. En comparaison avec les composés de type p de delafossite précédemment rapportés (M, Al, Cr, Ga, etc.), ce matériau présente la plus petite largeur de bande interdite (intéressant notamment pour l'application photovoltaïque) et une conductivité assez élevée. La caractéristique la plus intéressante est que le problème général de la faible mobilité des transporteurs dans ces composés delafossite a été résolu dans cet AgCuO2, grâce à sa structure électronique mixte et à la délocalisation des charges. Ainsi, ces résultats de caractérisation sans précédent ouvrent la voie à l'utilisation de films AgCuO2 dans des dispositifs fonctionnels
In recent years, metal oxide electronics has attracted more and more attention in research, mainly thanks to their potential lower cost and the possibility they offer to develop transparent electronics. There are several potential applications concerned with metal oxides including photovoltaics, thin film transistors and photo-electrochemistry. There are several n-type metal oxides with excellent electronic properties being well developed, such as Al doped zinc oxide. But the fabrication of devices fully made with metal oxides is largely impeded by the poor electronic properties of the p-type oxides so far studied. Therefore, there is the need for developing p-type metal oxide semiconducting materials with better electrical properties.In this thesis, the optimization of pure Cu2O thin film deposition was conducted using Aerosol Assisted MOCVD (AA-MOCVD). As a result, homogenous Cu2O films were deposited at low temperature (about 335 °C) without detectable amount of carbon contamination with high crystallinity. In addition, by incorporation of humidity during the deposition, particle size and the orientation of the Cu2O films could be tuned, thus Cu2O films with (111) textured large grain sizes (> 300 nm) were achieved. For optimized Cu2O films, the mobility can reach a maximum of 15 cm2/V.s with carrier concentration in the order of 1015 cm-3. Lastly, an excellent diode behaviour was observed by combining the optimized Cu2O films with ZnO, obtaining an on-off ratio exceeding 104.Besides the Cu2O optimization, the deposition of AgCuO2 by MOCVD was also tackled. In order to do so, the deposition of silver and silver oxide thin films was previously optimized. For that, two new silver precursors, namely, Ag(hfac)phenanthroline and Ag(hfac)triglyme were synthesized and fully characterized. High quality Ag coatings could be obtained with both precursors. Silver oxide films were obtained through electrochemical oxidation and oxygen plasma treatment of pre-deposited Ag coatings.Due to the incompatibility between the thermal AgCuO2 stability window and the temperatures needed to deposit Ag and Cu compounds by CVD with the precursors used, the direct deposition of AgCuO2 could not be obtained. Thus, solution based thin film coating techniques were adopted for AgCuO2 film deposition. In particular, Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) allowed the deposition of AgCuO2 thin films. Using a proper seed layer on glass, dense and continuous AgCuO2 films were coated, with minimum RMS value of 8 nm. The deposited AgCuO2 films had almost pure phase. The optical and transport properties of AgCuO2 thin films were thus carried out for the first time. Transmittance measurements confirmed the predicted low bandgap of AgCuO2 (1.2 eV), while by using the Tauc formula, we found that this material is more likely to have a direct bandgap, in agreement with published DFT calculations. Thanks to Hall Effect measurements, the deposited AgCuO2 films were confirmed to be p-type. The lowest resistivity achieved was 0.2 Ω.cm. In addition, those films had carrier density in the order of 1017 cm-3 and the best mobility achieved was 24 cm2/V.s. Comparing with the previously reported CuMO2 (M= Al, Cr, Ga etc) delafossite p-type compounds, this material has shown the lowest bandgap (appropriate for photovoltaic application) and rather high conductivity. The most interesting characteristic is that the general problem of low carrier mobility in those delafossite compounds has been solved in this AgCuO2, thanks to its mixed-valence electronic structure and charges delocalization. Thus, those unprecedented characterization results pave the way for using AgCuO2 films in functional devices

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Chen, Yao-Chang. "Synthesis and characterisation of Li rare earth-based oxide materials." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574587.

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Green and renewable energy materials have attracted great interest because of the soaring price of fossil energy and global warming. Among them, lithium secondary batteries are the key components of portable electronic devices as well as hybrid and electric cars and have been studied for over 30 years. Although in current commercial Li rechargeable batteries liquid and polymer electrolyte are the common electrolyte materials, safety issues are still of concern which therefore leads to an increasing interest in technological improvement and a demand for new materials for all solid state Li rechargeable batteries. In this project, various Li rare earth-oxide based compositions containing Nb, transition metal or trivalent cations were studied in order to find materials for possible Li-ion secondary battery applications. Stoichiometric phase-pure garnet, LisLa3Nb2012, was found to be difficult to synthesise due to the loss of volatile LhO. The covering blanket method involving careful heat profiles to reduce the possibilities of lithia loss during heating has been used in the present study of selected compositions in the Li20-La203-Nb20s system; a solid solution, Lis+xLa3Nbz0I2-osx, has been found. Electrical properties were measured by impedance spectroscopy and samples showed intrinsic Li ionic conductivity, - 10-6 Scm', at room temperature. Several new lithium Nd-based ternary oxides containing also Fe or Rh have been reported, but there was considerable disagreement over the possible stoichiometry of these phases. A detailed study of the ternary phase diagram of the LhO-Nd203-Fe203 system has been carried out with the initial objective to determine the stoichiometry of the previously reported ternary phase. A revised stoichiometry, LillNdlSFe4039, which differs from all previously claimed formulae, is proposed along with a revised phase diagram of the LizO-Nd203-Fe203 system. The crystal structure of this revised ternary phase has been studied using a combination of X- ray and neutron diffraction methods. It is primitive cubic, a = - 12 A, space group Pm "3 n. The structure is complex and can be described as comprising four < III > face-sharing polyhedra with alternating Li06 trigonal prisms and Fe06 octahedra intercepting at the origin and body-centre of the unit cell within an Nd-O framework. Face-sharing trigonal prismatic sites occupied by u: form octagon-like polyhedral coordination; with partially occupancy in one of those two trigonal prismatic sites these face-sharing polyhedra provide a possible short distance Li ion conduction pathway. Structural studies indicate that because the formula unit contains 39 oxygens, Fe is present in a mixture of 3+ and 4+ oxidation states. However, the valence state of Fe is variable, from Fe2+ only to a mixture of Fe 3+/4+, depending on different heat profiles; electrical properties of samples also reveal a change from semiconducting to insulating behaviours using impedance spectroscopy (IS). Using the same methodology, four new phases, Li11NdlsC04039, LiIINdlsAI40385, Li\JSmlSFe4039 and LiIISmISC04039, have been found in a survey of compound formation, Li\JRE1sM4039. Two ternary phase diagrams, LbO-Nd203-Ah03 and Li-Nd-Co-O system, are presented here; the Li20-Nd203-Ah03 system reveals a similar ternary phase diagram to that of Fe analogue system but a new ternary phase, LiCoNd4O8, and a solid solution, Lill-xNdlsC04039-o.5x have been found in the Co system. The crystal structures of those four new phases have been determined and are similar to that of Li11NdlsFe4039. Apart from LilINdlsAl403S5, which shows Li ionic conductivity, all the phases show modest electronic conductivity by IS. Two new phases, LiCoNd4O8 and LiNiNd40g, have been found in a survey of compound formation, LiMRE40s, after heating under suitable conditions. Rietveld refinement of the LiNiNd40s crystal structure was carried out using neutron powder diffraction; it shows that the crystal structure might have a supercell based upon the K2NiF 4 structural model. The electrical properties of these two new phases reveal very similar electrical characteristics, with electronic conductivity and constriction effect in the ceramics. During the study of compound formation, LiMRE40s, an X-ray pattern similar to that of the previously reported phase, LioI4Cuo86Nd204-o, appeared in the attempted synthesis of several LiCuRE40s compositions. In the present study, two new phases, Lio.14Cuos6Pr204-o and Lio.14Cuos6Sm204-8, were prepared. Rietveld refinements of the crystal structures are in agreement with the reported structural model. Electrical properties of samples revealed a very conducting behaviour which can be varied depending on heating conditions.

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Baiche, Bousmaha. "Contemporary rural housing built with improved earth-based materials in Algeria." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334407.

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Luo, Haihua. "Synthesis and characterization of rare-earth-iron based hard magnetic materials /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924902.

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Foeller, Philip York. "Novel materials and routes for rare-earth-free BaTiO3-based ceramics for MLCC applications." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18954/.

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The NaNbO3-BaTiO3 (NNBT) solid solution was studied as a novel RE-free material for MLCC applications. Relaxor behaviour was found for NaNbO3 (NN)-concentrations as low as 2 mol%. The solid solution changes its behaviour with increasing NN-concentration from ferroelectric, to mixed ferroelectric-relaxor, to relaxor, to mixed behaviour again and finally ferroelectric. Broad permittivity profiles could therefore be obtained for a number of compositions with a wide range of Tmax, Na0.9Ba0.1Nb0.9Ti0.1O3 (90NNBT) possessed an industry standard (X7R) of TCC = ±15 % from -55 to 125 °C with low dielectric loss and a RT permittivity of ~ 800. Bilayers were then used to imitate CS microstructures and improve TCC. Optimisation of ‘core’-like material, i.e. BT, and a ‘shell’-like material, i.e. 2.5NNBT, in a bilayer at a volume ratio of 0.67 2.5NNBT with 0.33 BT resulted in a TCC of ±6% over the temperature range of 25 to 125 °C whilst maintaining a RT permittivity ~3000 and low dielectric loss. Utilising simulations of bilayer permittivity profiles reduced the number of trial and error compositions required to achieve permittivity and TCC targets. One limitation, however, was the interfaces that form, as they add an additional unaccounted component to the series model used. Their impact was reduced through careful processing. BT-2.5NNBT-90NNBT trilayers resulted in extended temperature range for low TCC applications, pushing the upper temperature up to over 150 °C. 0.33(BT)-0.33(2.5NNBT)-0.33(90NNBT) maintains a TCC of ±15 % to over 150 °C, with RT permittivity values above 100 and low dielectric loss. Adapted ternary phase diagrams were used to identify compositions that led to lower TCCs. Several important observations were drawn from the bi- and trilayer systems which suggested that that low TCC capacitors may be developed for any temperature range by the following protocols: (i) choose a temperature range, i.e. 100-200 °C; (ii) choose a material that possesses a Tmax of around 100 °C; (iii) choose a material with Tmax a little above 200 °C and (iv) choose a third material that possesses a Tmax that sits in the middle of the previous two materials, or has a broad shoulder that spans the gap between the other two Tmaxs. The number of materials are varied depending on the required temperature range. In general, the lowest number of materials that gives the required TCC should be chosen. This concept was tested for the creation of a temperature stable plateau 7 between 100 and 200 °C by a BT-85NNBT-90NNBT trilayer. The permittivity-temperature profile shows a plateau between ~100 and ~200 °C with permittivity changes of ~ ±10 % in that temperature range. Industrial MLCC prototypes based on the hypotheses from this work were made by AVX Ltd in Coleraine. The devices possessed comparable TCC and better lifetimes compared with equivalent commercial products.

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Cedervall, Johan. "Structure-Magnetism Relations in Selected Iron-based Alloys : A New Base for Rare Earth Free Magnetic Materials." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - Ångström, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267575.

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Materials for energy applications are of great importance for a sustainable future society. Among these, stronger, lighter and more efficient magnetic materials will be able to aid mankind in many applications for energy conversion, for example generators for energy production, electric vehicles and magnetic refrigerators. Another requirement for the materials is that they should be made from cheap and abundant elements. For these reasons temperature induced magnetic transitions for three materials were studied in this work; one for permanent magnet applications and two magnetocaloric materials. Fe5SiB2 has a high Curie temperature and orders ferromagnetically at 760 K, providing possible application as a permanent magnet material. The ordering of the magnetic moments were studied and found to be aligned along the tetragonal c-axis and Fe5SiB2 undergoes a spin transition on cooling through a transition temperature (172 K), where the spins reorient along the a-axis in an easy plane. AlFe2B2 orders ferromagnetically at 285 K, making it a candidate for the active material in a magnetic refrigerator. The order of the magnetic transition has been studied as well as the magnetic structure. It was found that the magnetic moments are aligned along the crystallographic a-axis and that the magnetic transition is of second order. FeMnP0.75Si0.25 undergoes a first order magnetic transition around 200 K and the transition temperatures on cooling are different for the first cooling/heating cycle than for following cycles. This so called ”virgin effect” has been studied and found to originate from an irreversible structure change on the first cooling cycle through the ferromagnetic transition temperature.

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Pathak, Arjun Kumar. "EXPLORATION OF NEW MULTIFUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC MATERIALS BASED ON A VARIETY OF HEUSLER ALLOYS AND RARE-EARTH COMPOUNDS." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/353.

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Magnetic, magnetocaloric, magnetotransport and magnetoelastic properties of Ni-Mn-X (X = In, and Ga) Heusler alloys and La-Fe-Si based rare earth compounds have been synthesized and investigated by x-ray diffraction, magnetization, strain, and electrical resistivity measurements. The phase transitions, magnetic, magnetocaloric, magnetotransport and magnetoelastic properties strongly depend on the composition of these systems. In Ni50Mn50-xInx with x = 13.5, magnetocaloric and magnetotransport properties associated with the paramagnetic martensitic to paramagnetic austenitic transformation were studied. It was shown that magnetic entropy changes (SM) and magnetoresistance (MR) associated with this transformation are larger and the hysteresis effect is significantly lower when compared to that associated with paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transitions or ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic/paramagnetic transitions in other systems. The Hall resistivity and the Hall angle shows unusual behavior in the vicinity of the martensitic phase transition for Ni50Mn50-xInx with x = 15.2. The observed Hall resistivity and Hall angle are 50 μ*cm and , respectively. It was observed that the presence of Ge, Al and Si atoms on the In sites strongly affects the crystal structure, and the electric and magnetic behaviors of Ni50Mn35In15. It was found that the partial substitution of In atoms by Si in Ni50Mn35In15 results in an increase in the magnetocaloric effect, exchange bias and shape memory effect. In Ni50Mn35In15-xSix, the peak values of positive SM for magnetic field changes H = 5 T were found to depend on composition and vary from 82 Jkg-1K-1 for x = 1 (at T = 275 K) to 124 Jkg-1K-1 for x = 3 (at T = 239 K). The partial substitution of Ni by Co in Ni50Mn35In15 significantly improves the magnetocaloric effect and MR in the vicinity of martensitic transition. In addition, significantly large inverse SM and MR were observed at the inverse martensitic phase transitions of the Ga-based magnetic shape memory Heusler alloys Ni50-xCoxMn32-yFeyGa18. The phase transition temperatures and magnetic properties were found to be correlated with the degree of tetragonal distortion in these samples. In LaFe11.57Si1.43Bx the crystal cell parameters and Curie temperatures were found to increase linearly with increasing B concentration up to ~ 0.1 % and 9 %, respectively. It was found that the characteristics of the magnetocaloric effect of LaFe11.57Si1.43 can be adjusted by a change in B concentration in the LaFe11.57Si1.43Bx system. A study of the influence of a small substitution of Ni, Cu, Cr, and V for Fe in LaFe11.4Si1.6 revealed that the magnetic, magnetocaloric, and magnetovolume coupling constant is related to an increase in the average Fe-Fe interatomic distances, leading to a change in the d-d exchange interaction.

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Reddy, Allu Amarnath. "Alkaline-earth aluminosilicate-based glass and glass-ceramic sealants for functional applications." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15217.

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Doutoramento em Ciência e Engenharia dos Materiais
The planar design of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is the most promising one due to its easier fabrication, improved performance and relatively high power density. In planar SOFCs and other solid-electrolyte devices, gas-tight seals must be formed along the edges of each cell and between the stack and gas manifolds. Glass and glass-ceramic (GC), in particular alkaline-earth alumino silicate based glasses and GCs, are becoming the most promising materials for gas-tight sealing applications in SOFCs. Besides the development of new glass-based materials, new additional concepts are required to overcome the challenges being faced by the currently existing sealant technology. The present work deals with the development of glasses- and GCs-based materials to be used as a sealants for SOFCs and other electrochemical functional applications. In this pursuit, various glasses and GCs in the field of diopside crystalline materials have been synthesized and characterized by a wide array of techniques. All the glasses were prepared by melt-quenching technique while GCs were produced by sintering of glass powder compacts at the temperature ranges from 800−900 ºC for 1−1000 h. Furthermore, the influence of various ionic substitutions, especially SrO for CaO, and Ln2O3 (Ln=La, Nd, Gd, and Yb), for MgO + SiO2 in Al-containing diopside on the structure, sintering and crystallization behaviour of glasses and properties of resultant GCs has been investigated, in relevance with final application as sealants in SOFC. From the results obtained in the study of diopside-based glasses, a bilayered concept of GC sealant is proposed to overcome the challenges being faced by (SOFCs). The systems designated as Gd−0.3 (in mol%: 20.62MgO−18.05CaO−7.74SrO−46.40SiO2−1.29Al2O3 − 2.04 B2O3−3.87Gd2O3) and Sr−0.3 (in mol%: 24.54 MgO−14.73 CaO−7.36 SrO−0.55 BaO−47.73 SiO2−1.23 Al2O3−1.23 La2O3−1.79 B2O3−0.84 NiO) have been utilized to realize the bi-layer concept. Both GCs exhibit similar thermal properties, while differing in their amorphous fractions, revealed excellent thermal stability along a period of 1,000 h. They also bonded well to the metallic interconnect (Crofer22APU) and 8 mol% yttrium stabilized zirconium (8YSZ) ceramic electrolyte without forming undesirable interfacial layers at the joints of SOFC components and GC. Two separated layers composed of glasses (Gd−0.3 and Sr−0.3) were prepared and deposited onto interconnect materials using a tape casting approach. The bi-layered GC showed good wetting and bonding ability to Crofer22APU plate, suitable thermal expansion coefficient (9.7–11.1 × 10–6 K−1), mechanical reliability, high electrical resistivity, and strong adhesion to the SOFC componets. All these features confirm the good suitability of the investigated bi-layered sealant system for SOFC applications.
A concepção planar de células de combustível de óxido sólido (SOFC) é a mais promissora devido a sua fabricação mais fácil, um melhor desempenho e uma densidade de potência relativamente elevada. Nas SOFCs planares e outros dispositivos de electrólitos sólidos são necessárias vedações estanques ao gás ao longo das arestas de cada uma das células e entre os tubos de distribuição de gás e de pilha. Materiais vítreos e vitrocerâmicos (GC), em particular com composições baseadas em aluminosilicatos alcalino-terrosos, estão entre os materiais mais promissores para aplicações de vedação à prova de gás em SOFCs. Além do desenvolvimento de novos materiais à base de vidros e vitrocerâmicos, são também necessários novos conceitos para superar os desafios enfrentados pela tecnologia selante atualmente existente. O presente trabalho visa dar um contributo nesse sentido, propondo soluções de vedação para SOFCs e outras aplicações electroquímicas. Para o efeito, foram sintetizados vários vidros e GCs à base de diópsido, os quais foram caracterizados por recurso a uma grande variedade de técnicas. Todos os vidros foram preparados por fusão, enquanto os GCs foram produzidos por sinterização (tratamento térmico) de compactos de pó de vidro nas faixas de temperatura de 800 − 900 ºC por 1 − 1000 h. Além disso, foram estudados os efeitos de diversas substituições iónicas, especialmente de CaO por SrO, e de MgO + SiO2 por Ln2O3 (Ln = La, Nd, Gd, e Yb), em composições de aluminosilicatos à base de diópsido na estrutura, sinterização e cristalização dos vidros e nas propriedades dos GCs resultantes com particular relevância para as propriedades de vedação em SOFCs. Com base nos resultados obtidos neste estudo, foi possível propor um novo conceito de selante vritrocerâmico em bi-camadas que visa ultrapassar os desafios enfrentados pelos vedantes actualmente usados em SOFCs. Os sistemas designados por Gd−0,3 (em % molar: 20,62 MgO−18,05 CaO−7,74 SrO−46,40 SiO2−1,29 Al2O3−2,04 B2O3−3,87 Gd2O3) e Sr−0,3 (em % molar: 24,54 MgO−14,73 CaO−7,36 SrO−0,55 BaO−47,73 SiO2−1,23 Al2O3−1,23 La2O3−1,79 B2O3−0,84 NiO) foram seleccionados para realizar o conceito de bi-camada. Ambos os GCs exibem propriedades térmicas semelhantes, e excelente estabilidade térmica ao longo de um período de 1.000 horas, mas diferem nas suas fracções vítreas/cristalinas. Eles revelaram também elevada aptidão para se ligarem à interconexão metálica (Crofer22APU) e ao electrólito sólido (zircónia estabilizada com 8 mol% de ítria (8YSZ) sem a formação de camadas interfaciais indesejáveis entre os diferentes componentes das SOFCs. Duas camadas separadas compostas pelos vidros (Gd−0,3 e Sr−0.3) foram preparadas e depositadas sobre as interconexões metálicas através de uma abordagem tape casting. As bi-camadas vitrocerâmicas mostram boa capacidade de molhamento e ligação à placa Crofer22APU, coeficientes de expansão térmica adequados (9,7−11,1 × 10−6 K−1), confiabilidade mecânica, elevada resistividade eléctrica, e uma forte adesão aos componentes da SOFC. Todas estas características confirmam a boa adequação do sistema selante bi-camadas investigado para aplicações em SOFCs.

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Books on the topic "Earth-based material"

Fabbri, Antonin, Jean-Claude Morel, Jean-Emmanuel Aubert, Quoc-Bao Bui, Domenico Gallipoli, and B. V. Venkatarama Reddy, eds. Testing and Characterisation of Earth-based Building Materials and Elements. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83297-1.

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Frits, Andriessen, and Terpstra Marten, eds. Rare earth metals based permanent magnets: A literature study. London: Elsevier, 1989.

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J, Ammerlaan C. A., ed. Semiconductors and rare earth based materials: Lectures given at the International Workshop on Materials Science, Hanoi, Vietnam, October 15-26, 1990. Singapore: World Scientific, 1991.

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Lukanin, Aleksandr. Environmental Engineering: Processes and gas emissions purification devices. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24376.

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The tutorial adequately considered the currently existing methods of protection of the air basin from industrial waste gases of chemical, petrochemical, microbiological, pharmaceutical and related industries. The material is based on a thorough analysis of the treatment methods commonly used, the most dangerous substances that enter the Earth´s atmosphere with the exhaust gases of large enterprises, also provides guidance on the use of gas-cleaning equipment emissions in the industry. Compliant with the Federal state educational standard of the latest generation of higher education. The book is intended for students of technical colleges enrolled in areas of training "Technosphere Safety" and "Environmental Engineering" (training profiles: "Environmental Engineering localities", "Engineering protection of the environment of industrial enterprises" and "Protection of the environment and resources"), as well as for engineering technical staff, graduate students and professors.

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Symposium on Magnetism and Applications of Rare-earth Based Materials (1989 Grenoble). Proceedings of the Symposium on Magnetism and Applications of Rare-earth Based Materials: In memory of Professor R. Pauthenet, 10 October 1989, Grenoble, France. Edited by Lemaire R, Pauthenet René, and Wyder P. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1990.

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Serebryakov, Andrey. Ecological geology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/971374.

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The textbook describes complex natural, geological, geographical, hydrogeological and lithological studies based on modern geological and ecological theories and forming the basis of environmental science. The theoretical views on the ecology of the geological environment are expanded. The tasks of ecological geology and geography, as well as ecological hydrogeology and ecological lithology are substantiated. Attention is paid to the history of geoecological research in the development of new territories. The influence of the tectonic formation of geological structures on the ecological situation of the Earth's lithosphere is studied. The ecological zoning of the lithosphere and hydrosphere is given. The ecological characteristics of sedimentary deposits, which are associated with minerals of important industrial and environmental importance, are given. The ecological properties of various types of mineral raw materials for their application in industry are considered. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for bachelors studying the discipline "Ecological Geology" and Earth sciences, and will also be of interest to environmental specialists in the design and operation of industrial facilities, structures and deposits of natural raw materials.

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Serebryakov, Andrey, Lyubov' Ushivceva, Viktor Pyhalov, and Zhanetta Kalashnik. Calculation of geological reserves and resources of oil, gas, condensate and commercial products. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1225035.

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The modern methods of assessing geological reserves and resources of oil, gas and condensate, concepts and criteria for allocating categories of reserves and resources in accordance with the properties of oils, gases and condensates, which are scientifically based on the international market, are described. For the first time, the calculation of the stocks of commercial products contained in the composition of oil, gas and condensate is given. The categories of reserves and resources according to Russian and foreign classifications are compared. The state of hydrocarbon reserves by countries and continents is described. The interrelationships of the stages of geological exploration with the calculation technologies and categories of reserves and resources are clarified. The ecological tasks of exploration and development of hydrocarbons are highlighted. The main directions and technologies of oil, gas and condensate refining, which are an integral stage of calculating and developing reserves, are given. At the end of each chapter, control questions and tasks are given to assess the level of knowledge and the volume of assimilation of materials. Meets the requirements of the federal state standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduates of the "Geology" direction, graduate students of the "Earth Sciences" direction, students and teachers of universities, specialists in the exploration and processing of oil, gas and condensate, employees of the fuel and energy complex.

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(Editor), T. W. Ellis, and I. E. Anderson (Editor), eds. Solidification and Powder Processing of Rare Earth Based Materials. TMS The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1996.

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Fisher, David. Recycling of Rare Earths. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901793.

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The recycling of rare earth elements is one of the great challenges for establishing a green economy. Rare earths play an essential role in a great many high-tech products and processes: electronic display screens , computer monitors, cell phones, rechargeable batteries, high-strength magnets, catalytic converters, fluorescent lamps etc. Recycling these materials not only results in valuable materials for new products; it also helps in reducing mountains of discarded products. The recycling methods discussed include bioleaching, biosorption, siderophores, algae and seaweed. carbon-based nanomaterials, silica, pyrometallurgy, electrochemistry, hydrometallurgy, solvent extraction and the use of various absorbents. The book references 253 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading.

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Rai, Dibya Prakash, ed. Advanced Materials and Nano Systems: Theory and Experiment - Part 2. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150499611220201.

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The discovery of new materials and the manipulation of their exotic properties for device fabrication is crucial for advancing technology. Nanoscience, and the creation of nanomaterials have taken materials science and electronics to new heights for the benefit of mankind. Advanced Materials and Nanosystems: Theory and Experiment covers several topics of nanoscience research. The compiled chapters aim to update students, teachers, and scientists by highlighting modern developments in materials science theory and experiments. The significant role of new materials in future technology is also demonstrated. The book serves as a reference for curriculum development in technical institutions and research programs in the field of physics, chemistry and applied areas of science like materials science, chemical engineering and electronics. This part covers 12 topics in these areas: 1. Recent advancements in nanotechnology: a human health Perspective 2. An exploratory study on characteristics of SWIRL of AlGaAs/GaAs in advanced bio based nanotechnological systems 3. Electronic structure of the half-Heusler ScAuSn, LuAuSn and their superlattice 4. Recent trends in nanosystems 5. Improvement of performance of single and multicrystalline silicon solar cell using low-temperature surface passivation layer and antireflection coating 6. Advanced materials and nanosystems 7. Effect of nanostructure-materials on optical properties of some rare earth ions doped in silica matrix 8. Nd2Fe14B and SmCO5: a permanent magnet for magnetic data storage and data transfer technology 9. Visible light induced photocatalytic activity of MWCNTS decorated sulfide based nano photocatalysts 10. Organic solar cells 11. Neodymium doped lithium borosilicate glasses 12. Comprehensive quantum mechanical study of structural features, reactivity, molecular properties and wave function-based characteristics of capmatinib

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Book chapters on the topic "Earth-based material"

Wu, Chen, and Jiaying Jin. "Rare-Earth-Based Hard Magnetic Materials: NdFeB." In Frontiers in Magnetic Materials, 101–28. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216346-9.

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Wu, Chen, and Jiaying Jin. "Rare-Earth-Based Hard Magnetic Materials: SmCo." In Frontiers in Magnetic Materials, 83–100. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216346-8.

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Yan, Bing. "Photofunctional Rare Earth Materials Based on Ionic Liquids." In Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 179–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47510-2_8.

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Tarhan, Yeşim, İsmail Hakkı Tarhan, Flávio Craveiro, and Helena Bártolo. "Sustainable Materials for Additive Manufacturing: Earth-Based Concrete." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Energy Food and Sustainability (ICoWEFS 2021), 708–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75315-3_75.

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Reza Dousti, M., Weslley Q. Santos, and Carlos Jacinto. "Optical Sensing Based on Rare-Earth-Doped Tellurite Glasses." In Tellurite Glass Smart Materials, 179–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76568-6_8.

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Kara, F., M. Cavac, and A. Kara. "Alkaline Earth Based Porcelain Tile Bodies." In Whitewares and Materials: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 24, Issue 2, 79–83. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470294796.ch10.

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Yan, Bing. "Photofunctional Rare Earth Hybrid Materials Based on Multicomponent Assembly." In Photofunctional Rare Earth Hybrid Materials, 167–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2957-8_7.

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Jensen, B., K. W. Dennis, and R. W. McCallum. "Search for New Rare Earth Based Permanent Magnetic Materials." In Energy Technology 2012, 244–53. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118365038.ch30.

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Yan, Bing. "Photofunctional Rare Earth Hybrid Materials Based on Organically Modified Silica." In Photofunctional Rare Earth Hybrid Materials, 25–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2957-8_2.

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Yan, Bing. "Photofunctional Rare Earth Hybrid Materials Based on Functionalized Microporous Zeolites." In Photofunctional Rare Earth Hybrid Materials, 83–106. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2957-8_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Earth-based material"

Hill, Kent B., and Alan E. Craig. "Rare-earth-based spectral memories: material implications." In Integrated Optoelectronics Devices, edited by Hans J. Coufal, Alan E. Craig, and Zameer U. Hasan. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.485792.

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Dozor, David M., and Jerome E. Kiley. "Application of Rare Earth Material Based Actuators for Reduction of Vehicle Vibration." In International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/961810.

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Losini, Alessia Emanuela, Liudmila Lavrik, Marco Caruso, Monika Woloszyn, Anne Cecile Grillet, Giovanni Dotelli, and Paola Gallo Stampino. "Mechanical Properties of Rammed Earth Stabilized with Local Waste and Recycled Materials." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.113.

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Traditional techniques of construction using natural and locally available materials are nowadays raising the interest of architects and engineers. Clayey soil is widely present in all continents and regions, and where available it is obtained directly from the excavation of foundations, avoiding transportation costs and emissions due to the production of the binder. Moreover, raw earth is recyclable and reusable after the demolition, thanks to the absence of the firing process. The rammed earth technique is based on earth compressed into vertical formworks layer by layer to create a wall. This material owes its strength to the compaction effort and due to its manufacture procedure exhibits layers resembling the geological strata and possessing high architectural value. The hygroscopic properties of rammed earth allow natural control of the indoor humidity, keeping it in the optimal range for human health. Stabilization with lime or cement is the most common procedure to enhance the mechanical and weather resistance at once. This practice compromises the recyclability of the earth and reduces the hygroscopic properties of the material. The use of different natural stabilizers, fibers, and natural polymers by-products of the agriculture and food industry, can offer an alternative that fits the circular economy requirements. The present study analyses the mechanical strength of an Italian earth stabilized with different local waste and recycled materials that do not impair the final recyclability of the rammed earth.

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Paiva, Rayane de Lima Moura, Adriana Paiva Souza Martins, Lucas Rosse Caldas, Oscar A. M. Reales, and Romildo Dias Toledo Filho. "Earth-Based Mortars: Mix Design, Mechanical Characterization and Environmental Performance Assessment." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.271.

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The incorporation of sustainable materials in the civil construction sector has grown in recent years to minimize environmental impacts. Among these materials, the use of earth, a local raw material that does not require much energy for its processing, appears as an advantageous and promising alternative. Earth mortars stabilized with natural binders, when compared to conventional mortars, can have technological, economic and environmental advantages. The objective of this work was to develop an earth-based mortar stabilized with mineral binders using a 1:3 binder to aggregate mass proportion, and to evaluate its fresh and hardened state properties, as well as its environmental impacts using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with a cradle to gate scope. The selected materials were divided in four groups: (i) cement, hydrated lime, fly ash and metakaolinite (binders), (ii) natural sand and coarse fraction of the earth (aggregates), (iii) calcium chloride and superplasticizer (additives) and (iv) water. In the matrix formulation the clay fraction from earth constituted the majority of the binder. The selection of supplementary cementitious materials as additional binders provided improvements in workability and mechanical properties of the mortar. A mix design was carried out using different cement (5; 7.5 and 10%) and fly ash (11; 13.5 and 16%) mass percentages. The water/binder material ratio, superplasticizer content and calcium chloride content were 0.65; 2% and 1%, respectively. The results showed that an increase in fly ash content combined with a decrease in cement content provided an increase in workability and a decrease in mechanical properties of mortars. Nevertheless, the mechanical performance of the mortars remained above the minimum values prescribed in Brazilian construction codes. From the results analysis it was concluded that partial replacement of cement by fly ash provided greater workability in the fresh state and reduced the environmental impacts of the earth-based mortar.

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Tourtelot, Julia, Chloé Fourdrin, Jean Baptiste d'Espinose de Lacaillerie, Ann Bourgès, and Emmanuel Keita. "Starch Reinforcement of Raw Earth Constructions." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.443.

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The restoration, the protection, or the creation of earthen buildings require improving the mechanical strength of the material. The first way to do that is to use inorganic additives, but these additives change the structural properties of earth and have a high carbon footprint. In contrast, the other way to consolidate is the use of organic additives such as vegetal derivatives that rearrange the minerals in the earth, with the lowest carbon footprint as they are from waste management. After preliminary tests with ten different organic additives from traditional recipes, we found that wheat starch improves the earth strength up to 50 %. In this study, we related the mechanical strengthening to the physicochemical interactions between clays and starch. We focus on three clays that represent the three main groups of clays: kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite. For this study, we mainly focused on compressive test and rheological tests. We showed that the improvement of the mechanical strength with starch is depending on clay nature and their chemistry. Then, we can recommend formulations based on the earth nature for new sustainable buildings. Furthermore, we can understand why it was an interesting way to use starch as a strengthening agent in traditional recipes and how it could be used to repair and protect buildings made of earthen material.

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Khaled, Sana, Marjorie Bart, Sophie Moissette, Florence Collet, Sylvie Prétot, and Brahim Mazhoud. "Comparison of Numerical HMT Codes to Simulate MBV Test of Hemp-Earth Composites." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.369.

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Bio-based and earth materials are growingly used for the building envelopes because of their numerous benefits such as slight environmental impact, great hygrothermal performances, effective regulation of the perceived indoor air quality and human comfort. In such materials, the phenomenon of mass transfer is complex and has a great impact on the performance of building envelope. Therefore, it is important to identify and understand the hygrothermal phenomena to be able to simulate accurately the envelope behavior. Nevertheless, the classical models that depict hygric transport within building materials seem not accurate enough for bio-based materials as they are simplified on several points of view. The correlation that exists between water content and relative humidity is mostly simplified and is modeled by a single curve, the hygric storage capacity is often overstated and the hysteresis is neglected. This paper deals with numerical study of hygric transfer within hemp-earth building material by using WUFI® Pro 6.5, a commercial software, and TMC code developed at the LGCGM (Moissette and Bart, 2009) . This code was validated regarding EN 15026 standard (Moissette and Bart, 2009) and has evolved over the years by integrating the hysteresis phenomena (Aït-Oumeziane et al., 2015). Thus, a significant enhancement of the numerical simulations on desorption phase was shown. This study investigates the simulation of MBV test performed on a hemp-earth material for which only the adsorption curve is known as input. Missing parameters (water vapor permeability and desorption curve) are fitted considering the first cycle of MBV test with TMC code. Then, MBV test is simulated with WUFI® Pro 6.5 and TMC code without and with hysteresis. The results highlight the need to include hysteresis to accurately simulate dynamic hygric phenomena, and show that it is possible to find missing parameters by fitting dynamic solicitations.

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Ardant, Daria, Coralie Brumaud, and Guillaume Habert. "Tackling Variability of Clay to Provide a Robust Binder." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.382.

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Locally available and with infinite recycling possibilities, the use of earth as building material leads to one of the lowest environmental impacts in the construction sector. Recent advances in the earth materials field have been made based on concrete and ceramics technologies to facilitate its uses in dense areas. It is possible to modify clay particle interactions and the material's whole behavior by adding inorganic dispersants and flocculants into clay paste. Earth becomes easy to cast and unmold into formworks, and by removing cement in its composition, poured earth can reach a low CO2 emission rate. Even if this technology is promising, further work has to be performed, as it cannot be implemented on earth from excavation sites with high variability. Tackling the clay nature variability is now the main issue to push this product on the market with robust properties. This research investigates the robustness of the poured earth binder. In this way, several clays (three montmorillonites, two kaolinites, and binary mixes at different proportions) were investigated. Their compacity (C) was determined following the water demand protocol with Vicat apparatus and compared to their consistency properties (liquidity and plasticity limits), and a correlation between these values is established. Different clay pastes prepared at different solid volume fractions were tested to define the influence of the clay nature on the paste consistency evolution. The results showed that clay nature for paste at high solid volume fraction does not influence constituency's evolution when their respectivecompacity is taking into account. It can be suggested that for a clay binder with a consistency close to C, which might be mandatory for poured earth application, only the swelling capacity might influence the mix design.

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Anglade, Elsa, Alain Sellier, Jean-Emmanuel Aubert, and Aurélie Papon. "An Experimental Study on Clay and Sand Mixes to Develop a Non-Linear Homogenized Model for Earth Construction Materials." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.293.

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Due to its ecological interest and large availability, a renewed attention is paid to earth as building material. Indeed, raw earth consumes CO2 only during its processing and transportation, and it provides a natural hygrothermal comfort. However, its mechanical properties are highly linked to its composition, which causes an important variability of performances. That is why any soil has to be characterized before being used as a building material. The aim of this study is to propose a model able to predict the hydromechanical behavior of a reconstituted soil according to its composition. As earth is a heterogeneous material, the model is based on homogenization procedures. The sand is considered as spherical inclusions inside a clay matrix. The particularity of the model stands to consider both positive and negative effects of volume variation and mechanical properties of clay under hydric variations. The model parameters are determined according to an original experimental campaign, which is conducted on various mixes of a single type of clay (kaolinite) and of sand, and water. The experimental study provides some mechanical properties of the mixes versus water content and sand content to test the ability of the homogenization model to assess the main properties of this material.

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Wang, Jiajun, Denghua Zhong, and Fei Wang. "Evaluation of compaction quality of earth-rock dam based on bacterial foraging-support vector regression algorithm." In 2016 International Conference on Innovative Material Science and Technology (IMST 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/imst-16.2016.39.

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Galabada, G. H., P. D. Dharmaratne, H. Galkanda, and R. U. Halwatura. "THERMAL PERFORMANCE COMPARISON ON FLOORING MATERIALS." In Beyond sustainability reflections across spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2021.16.

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New building materials and technologies that provide thermal comfort are expected to gain popularity in the recent past. Hence, efforts to incorporate new building material solutions are needed to protect potential populations from the threats of thermal stress that cause an increase in temperatures due to climate change. The earth is identified as the most effective building material to improve the thermal comfortability inside the building. Among several building construction materials, the flooring material provides a more effective role with respect to thermal comfort in a building. This paper present the evaluation and comparison work carried out to investigate the thermal performance of newly invented soil based flooring material with other common floorings in Sri Lanka. Temperature measurements were taken on the top surface of flooring materials and were compared the surface temperature of each other and indoor air temperature. The results reveal that the soil floor shows a lesser temperature at a significant level than the other floorings. Hence, it can be proved that the building construction materials play an important role and earth is the best sustainable material with respect to the indoor thermal comfortability thus, end-user.

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Reports on the topic "Earth-based material"

Lewis, L. H., C. H. Sellers, and V. Panchanathan. Factors affecting coercivity in rare-earth based advanced permanent magnet materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/432961.

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Nostrand, M. New Mid-IR Lasers Based on Rare-Earth-Doped Sulfide and Chloride Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15013357.

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Iatsyshyn, Andrii, Anna Iatsyshyn, Valeriia Kovach, Iryna Zinovieva, Volodymyr Artemchuk, Oleksandr Popov, Olha Cholyshkina, Oleksandr Radchenko, Oksana Radchenko, and Anastasiia Turevych. Application of Open and Specialized Geoinformation Systems for Computer Modelling Studying by Students and PhD Students. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4460.

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The article contains research on use of open and specialized geoinformation systems to prepare students and postgraduates on specialties: 101 “Environmental Sciences”, 103 “Earth Sciences”, 122 “Computer Sciences”, 183 “Environmental Technologies”. Analysis of the most common world open geoinformation systems is done. Experience of geoinformation systems use for students and postgraduates teaching for different specialties is described. Predominant orientation towards the use of geoinformation systems in educational process is determined based on the analysis of scientific publications and curricula of the most popular Ukrainian universities. According to the authors the material that is given narrows knowledge and skills of students and postgraduates, particularly in computer modeling. It is concluded that ability of students and postgraduates to use geoinformation systems is interdisciplinary. In particular, it develops knowledge and skills in computer modeling of various processes that may arise in the further professional activity. Examples of professional issues and ways to solve them using geoinformation systems are given. Recommendations are given on the use of open and specialized geoinformation systems in the educational process. It is recommended to use both proprietary (ArcGis, MapInfo) and open GIS (uDIG, QGIS, Whitebox GAT) to teach students. Open GIS (uDIG, QGIS, Whitebox GAT) and specialized (Modular GIS Environment, GEO + CAD, GeoniCS, AISEEM) can be used to teach both students and postgraduates.

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Hong, Yang-Ki, Timothy Haskew, Oleg Myryasov, Sungho Jin, and Ami Berkowitz. Rare-Earth-Free Permanent Magnets for Electrical Vehicle Motors and Wind Turbine Generators: Hexagonal Symmetry Based Materials Systems Mn-Bi and M-type Hexaferrite. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1133257.

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Hodul, M., H. P. White, and A. Knudby. A report on water quality monitoring in Quesnel Lake, British Columbia, subsequent to the Mount Polley tailings dam spill, using optical satellite imagery. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330556.

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In the early morning on the 4th of August 2014, a tailings dam near Quesnel, BC burst, spilling approximately 25 million m3 of runoff containing heavy metal elements into nearby Quesnel Lake (Byrne et al. 2018). The runoff slurry, which included lead, arsenic, selenium, and vanadium spilled through Hazeltine Creek, scouring its banks and picking up till and forest cover on the way, and ultimately ended up in Quesnel Lake, whose water level rose by 1.5 m as a result. While the introduction of heavy metals into Quesnel Lake was of environmental concern, the additional till and forest cover scoured from the banks of Hazeltine Creek added to the lake has also been of concern to salmon spawning grounds. Immediate repercussions of the spill involved the damage of sensitive environments along the banks and on the lake bed, the closing of the seasonal salmon fishery in the lake, and a change in the microbial composition of the lake bed (Hatam et al. 2019). In addition, there appears to be a seasonal resuspension of the tailings sediment due to thermal cycling of the water and surface winds (Hamilton et al. 2020). While the water quality of Quesnel Lake continues to be monitored for the tailings sediments, primarily by members at the Quesnel River Research Centre, the sample-and-test methods of water quality testing used, while highly accurate, are expensive to undertake, and not spatially exhaustive. The use of remote sensing techniques, though not as accurate as lab testing, allows for the relatively fast creation of expansive water quality maps using sensors mounted on boats, planes, and satellites (Ritchie et al. 2003). The most common method for the remote sensing of surface water quality is through the use of a physics-based semianalytical model which simulates light passing through a water column with a given set of Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs), developed by Lee et al. (1998) and commonly referred to as a Radiative Transfer Model (RTM). The RTM forward-models a wide range of water-leaving spectral signatures based on IOPs determined by a mix of water constituents, including natural materials and pollutants. Remote sensing imagery is then used to invert the model by finding the modelled water spectrum which most closely resembles that seen in the imagery (Brando et al 2009). This project set out to develop an RTM water quality model to monitor the water quality in Quesnel Lake, allowing for the entire surface of the lake to be mapped at once, in an effort to easily determine the timing and extent of resuspension events, as well as potentially investigate greening events reported by locals. The project intended to use a combination of multispectral imagery (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2), as well as hyperspectral imagery (DESIS), combined with field calibration/validation of the resulting models. The project began in the Autumn before the COVID pandemic, with plans to undertake a comprehensive fieldwork campaign to gather model calibration data in the summer of 2020. Since a province-wide travel shutdown and social distancing procedures made it difficult to carry out water quality surveying in a small boat, an insufficient amount of fieldwork was conducted to suit the needs of the project. Thus, the project has been put on hold, and the primary researcher has moved to a different project. This document stands as a report on all of the work conducted up to April 2021, intended largely as an instructional document for researchers who may wish to continue the work once fieldwork may freely and safely resume. This research was undertaken at the University of Ottawa, with supporting funding provided by the Earth Observations for Cumulative Effects (EO4CE) Program Work Package 10b: Site Monitoring and Remediation, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, through the Natural Resources Canada Research Affiliate Program (RAP).

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Academic literature on the topic 'Earth-based material'

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Contents

Journal articles on the topic "Earth-based material"

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Earth-based material"

Books on the topic "Earth-based material"

Book chapters on the topic "Earth-based material"

Conference papers on the topic "Earth-based material"

Reports on the topic "Earth-based material"