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Morgan, D. A. L., H. Fiona Robinson, Leela Marsh, and P. J. Bradley. "Vocal quality 10 years after radiotherapy for early glottic cancer." Clinical Radiology 39, no. 3 (January 1988): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-9260(88)80541-5.
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Loeb, S., Z. Feng, A. Ross, B. J. Trock, E. B. Humphreys, and P. C. Walsh. "Can PSA testing stop 10 years after radical prostatectomy?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2011): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.179.
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179 Background: Biochemical recurrence (BCR) most frequently occurs within the first five years following radical prostatectomy. Prior studies have suggested an association between lower-risk disease features and BCR at 5 years postoperatively. The objective of our study was to determine predictors of BCR ≥10 years after radical prostatectomy, and to examine the relationship between timing of BCR with the subsequent risk of metastases and cancer-specific mortality. Methods: Among 10,609 men from our institutional radical prostatectomy database, we identified 1684 men with BCR (PSA >0.2 ng/ml) without prior hormonal or radiation therapy. These men were classified into by the time of BCR: early (<5 years), intermediate (5-10 years), and late (>10 years). Univariable and multivariable models were used to examine the association of clinico-pathologic variables with the timing of BCR. We also examined metastasis-free and cancer-specific survival based upon the timing of BCR. Results: Of BCR, 77.0%, 16.6%, 4.9%, and 1.5% occurred at <5, 5-10, 10-15, and >15 years postoperatively. Late recurrences were associated with more favorable pathologic features, and were unlikely to develop metastases or prostate cancer-specific mortality. Conclusions: The majority of BCR occurs within 10 years of surgery. Although 6.4% of BCR occurred at ≥10 years, these patients were unlikely to subsequently develop metastases or die from prostate cancer. Patients who remain free from progression at 10 years postoperatively should be counseled that their risk of subsequent cancer-related morbidity and mortality is low. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Gómez-Palomares, JL, B. Acevedo-Martín, L. Andrés, E. Ricciarelli, and ER Hernández. "LH improves early follicular recruitment in women over 38 years old." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 12, no. 1 (January 2006): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60993-5.
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Gómez-Palomares, JL, B. Acevedo-Martín, L. Andrés, E. Ricciarelli, and ER Hernández. "LH improves early follicular recruitment in women over 38 years old." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 11, no. 4 (January 2005): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61131-5.
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Gray, Richard G., Daniel Rea, Kelly Handley, Sarah Jane Bowden, Philip Perry, Helena Margaret Earl, Christopher John Poole, et al. "aTTom: Long-term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years versus stopping at 5 years in 6,953 women with early breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2013): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.18_suppl.5.
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5 Background: In estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) early breast cancer, 5 years of tamoxifen reduces breast cancer death rates by about a third throughout years 0-14. It has been uncertain how 10 years of tamoxifen compares with this. Methods: During 1991-2005, 6,953 women with ER+ (n=2755), or ER untested (4198, estimated 80% ER+ if status known) invasive breast cancer from 176 UK centres were, after 5 years of tamoxifen, randomized to stop tamoxifen or continue to year 10. Annual follow-up recorded compliance, recurrence, mortality, and hospital admissions. Results: Allocation to continue tamoxifen reduced breast cancer recurrence (580/3468 vs 672/3485, p=0.003). This reduction was time dependent: rate ratio 0.99 during years 5-6 [95%CI 0.86-1.15], 0.84 [0.73-0.95] during years 7-9, and 0.75 [0.66-0.86] later. Longer treatment also reduced breast cancer mortality (392 vs 443 deaths after recurrence, p=0.05), rate ratio 1.03 [0.84-1.27] during years 5-9 and 0.77 [0.64-0.92] later; and overall mortality (849 vs 910 deaths, p=0.1), rate ratio 1.05 [0.90-1.22] during years 5-9 and 0.86 [0.75-0.97] later. Non-breast-cancer mortality was little affected (457 vs 467 deaths, rate ratio 0.94 [0.82-1.07]). There were 102 vs 45 endometrial cancers RR=2.20 (1.31-2.34, p<0.0001) with 37 (1.1%) vs 20 (0.6%) deaths (absolute hazard 0.5%, p=0.02). Combining the similar results of aTTom and its international counterpart ATLAS (Lancet 2013) enhances statistical significance of recurrence (p<0.0001), breast cancer mortality (p=0.002) and overall survival (p=0.005) benefits. Conclusions: aTTom confirms that, in ER+ disease, continuing tamoxifen to year 10 rather than just to year 5 produces further reductions in recurrence, from year 7 onward, and breast cancer mortality after year 10. Taken together with the reduction in breast cancer deaths seen in trials of 5 years of tamoxifen vs none, these results indicate that 10 years of adjuvant tamoxifen, compared to no tamoxifen, reduces breast cancer mortality by about one third in the first 10 years following diagnosis and by a half subsequently. Clinical trial information: ISRCTN17222211.
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Sheridan, Margaret, Maria Kharitonova, Rebecca E. Martin, Aparna Chatterjee, and John D. E. Gabrieli. "Neural Substrates of the Development of Cognitive Control in Children Ages 5–10 Years." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 8 (August 2014): 1840–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00597.
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Cognitive conflict detection and resolution develops with age across childhood and likely supports age-related increases in other aspects of cognitive and emotional development. Little is known about the neural correlates of conflict detection and resolution in early childhood. In the current study, we investigated age-related change in neural recruitment during a blocked spatial-incompatibility task (Simon task) in children ages 5–10 years using fMRI. Cortical thickness was measured using structural MRI. Across all children, there was greater activation in right prefrontal and bilateral parietal cortices for incompatible than compatible conditions. In older children, compared with younger children, there was decreased activation and decreased gray matter thickness in the medial PFC. Thickness and activation changes across age were associated within participants, such that thinner cortex was associated with less activation in the rostral ACC. These findings suggest that developmental change in medial PFC activation supports performance on cognitive control tasks in early childhood.
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Awdish, Rana L. A., and Hector R. Cajigas. "Early Initiation of Prostacyclin in Portopulmonary Hypertension: 10 Years of a Transplant Center’s Experience." Lung 191, no. 6 (August 25, 2013): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00408-013-9501-5.
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Gray, Richard G., Daniel Rea, Kelly Handley, Sarah Jane Bowden, Philip Perry, Helena Margaret Earl, Christopher John Poole, et al. "aTTom: Long-term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years versus stopping at 5 years in 6,953 women with early breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.5.
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5 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstract.asco.org at 7:30 AM (EDT) on Sunday, June, 2, 2013, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2013, issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Sunday edition of ASCO Daily News.
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Theander, Lisa, Minna Willim, Jan Åke Nilsson, Magnus Karlsson, Kristina E. Åkesson, Lennart T. H. Jacobsson, and Carl Turesson. "Changes in bone mineral density over 10 years in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis." RMD Open 6, no. 1 (February 2020): e001142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001142.
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ObjectivesTo investigate changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over a 10-year period.MethodsConsecutive patients with early RA (symptom duration <12 months) were followed according to a structured programme and examined with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at inclusion and after 2, 5 and 10 years. Mean Z-scores over the study period were estimated using mixed linear effect models. Changes in Z-scores between follow-up visits were analysed using paired T-tests.ResultsAt inclusion, 220 patients were examined with DXA. At the femoral neck, the mean Z-score over 10 years was −0.33 (95 % CI −0.57 to −0.08) in men and −0.07 (−0.22 to 0.08) in women. Men had significantly lower BMD at the femoral neck than expected by age at inclusion (intercept Z-score value −0.35; 95 % CI −0.61 to −0.09), whereas there was no such difference in women. At the lumbar spine, the mean Z-score over the study period for men was −0.05 (−0.29 to 0.19) and for women 0.06 (−0.10 to 0.21). In paired comparisons of BMD at different follow-up visits, femoral neck Z-scores for men decreased significantly from inclusion to the 5-year follow-up. After 5 years, no further reduction was seen.ConclusionsIn this observational study of a limited sample, men with early RA had reduced femoral neck BMD at diagnosis, with a further significant but marginal decline during the first 5 years. Lumbar spine BMD Z-scores were not reduced in men or women with early RA. Data on 10-year follow-up were limited.
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Hackshaw, Allan, Michael Roughton, Sharon Forsyth, Kathryn Monson, Krystyna Reczko, Richard Sainsbury, and Michael Baum. "Long-Term Benefits of 5 Years of Tamoxifen: 10-Year Follow-Up of a Large Randomized Trial in Women at Least 50 Years of Age With Early Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 13 (May 1, 2011): 1657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.32.2933.
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Purpose The Cancer Research UK “Over 50s” trial compared 5 and 2 years of tamoxifen in women with early breast cancer. Results are reported after median follow-up of 10 years. Patients and Methods Between 1987 and 1997, 3,449 patients age 50 to 81 years with operable breast cancer who had been taking 20 mg of tamoxifen for 2 years were randomly assigned to either stop or continue for an additional 3 years, if they were alive and recurrence free. Data on recurrences, new tumors, deaths, and cardiovascular events were obtained (April 2010). Results There were 1,103 recurrences, 755 deaths as a result of breast cancer, 621 cardiovascular (CV) events, and 236 deaths as a result of CV events. Fifteen years after starting treatment, for every 100 women who received tamoxifen for 5 years, 5.8 fewer experienced recurrence, compared with those who received tamoxifen for 2 years. The risk of contralateral breast cancer was significantly reduced (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.00). Among women age 50 to 59 years, there was a 35% reduction in CV events (P = .005) and 59% reduction in death as a result of a CV event (P = .02); in older women, the effect was much smaller and not statistically significant. Conclusion Taking tamoxifen for the recommended 5 years reduces the risk of recurrence or contralateral breast cancer 15 years after starting treatment. It also lowers the risk of CV disease and death as a result of a CV event, particularly among those age 50 to 59 years. Women should therefore be encouraged to complete the full course. Although aromatase inhibitors improve disease-free survival, tamoxifen remains a cheap and highly effective alternative, particularly in developing countries.
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Roberts, Pauline, Lennie Barblett, and Ken Robinson. "Early years teachers’ perspectives on the effects of NAPLAN on stakeholder wellbeing and the impact on early years pedagogy and curriculum." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 44, no. 3 (June 18, 2019): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1836939119855562.
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National Assessment Program for Numeracy and Literacy (NAPLAN) is the national assessment programme for literacy and numeracy in Australia administered to children in Years 3, 5, 7 and 9 each year. The testing process was introduced in 2008 and is described by the developers as low stakes, however, research has highlighted that this is not the case. This paper examines the perceptions of teachers in the early years of school on the impact NAPLAN has on wellbeing of stakeholders, and the pedagogy and curriculum in early years teachers’ classrooms. Through focus group interviews, the early childhood teachers in 10 independent Western Australian school sites were asked about their experiences of NAPLAN in terms of their wellbeing and that of the children and families with whom they interact. Findings highlight that early years teachers describe that the impact of NAPLAN is felt in the lower years of school by all stakeholders-parents, children and teachers. This study highlights the need for additional research in this area, particularly in diverse settings, to gain evidence of impact that could inform the practice of the NAPLAN testing programme.
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Skröder, Helena, Maria Kippler, Fahmida Tofail, and Marie Vahter. "Early-Life Selenium Status and Cognitive Function at 5 and 10 Years of Age in Bangladeshi Children." Environmental Health Perspectives 125, no. 11 (November 2017): 117003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp1691.
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Islam, Md Ashraful, Easnem Khanum, Md Rezaul Karim, Nelufa Tahera Rahman, and Md Rezaul Haque. "Effect of Spinal Anaesthesia in Children of 4-10 Years." Journal of Enam Medical College 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v7i1.30744.
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Background: Though paediatric spinal anaesthesia has been used since early 20th century in developed countries even in neonates, still it is not common in our country. Spinal anaesthesia can be given in neonates and children for infraumbilical surgeries with an expert and experienced anaesthesiologist.Objective: The objective of this study was to establish spinal anaesthesia as a safe and effective regional anaesthetic procedure in children of 410 years.Materials and Methods: The study was done in the Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care Unit of Enam Medical College & Hospital during the period of June 2012 to May 2014. A total of 102 patients aged from 4 to 10 years with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA)-I and II were selected. After proper preoperative anaesthetic evaluation spinal anaesthesia was administered. All patients were premedicated with atropine, preloaded with crystalloid solution and sedated with ketamine 1 mg/kg or midazolam 0.03 mg/kg. 0.5% hyperberic bupivacaine was injected at L4/5 or L5/S1 level with spinocaine needle. After establishment of desired block, surgery was performed. All vital parameters, number of attempts for lumbar puncture, sensory and motor block were monitored and recorded.Results: Almost all patients achieved desired block (T8T10) within 5 to 10 minutes. The success rate in our study was 96.1% and remaining 3.9% were considered as failure. No remarkable changes were observed in vital parameters after spinal anaesthesia. Lumbar puncture was successful in first attempt in 60 (58.82%) cases and in second attempt in 42 (41.18%) cases. Hypotension occurred in 2%, shivering in 3% and 3% developed restlessness.Conclusion: Spinal anaesthesia produces a reliable, profound and uniformly distributed block with rapid onset, good muscle relaxation, complete control of cardiovascular and stress responses compared with epidural or GA. There is also rapid recovery and minimal complications without special drugs or expensive equipments. However, greater acceptance and experience are still desired for this technique to become more popular.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(1): 10-14
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Haugeberg, Glenn, Pernille Bøyesen, Knut Helgetveit, and Anne Prøven. "Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis in the First Years of the Biologic Treatment Era: A 10-year Prospective Observational Study." Journal of Rheumatology 42, no. 12 (November 15, 2015): 2279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.150384.
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Objective.To study short-term and longterm clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the first decade of the biologic treatment era.Methods.Patients with early RA diagnosed at a rheumatology outpatient clinic were consecutively enrolled between 1999 and 2001. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, disease activity, patient-reported outcomes, and treatments. Radiographs of hands and feet were performed at baseline and after 2, 5, and 10 years and scored according to the Sharp/van der Heijde method, yielding a modified total Sharp score (mTSS).Results.Mean baseline age for the 94 included patients (36 men and 58 women) was 50.4 years and symptom duration 12.3 months; 67.8% were rheumatoid factor–positive. The proportion of patients in remission and in low, moderate, and high disease activity status was at baseline 4.3%, 1.1%, 35.1%, and 59.6% and at 10 years 52.1%, 20.5%, 27.4%, and 0.0%, respectively. For the period 0–2 years, 62.8% had used prednisolone, 91.5% synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), and 18.1% biologic DMARD, and for the period 2–10 years the numbers were 50.6%, 89.3%, and 62.7%, respectively. At baseline, 70% of the patients had erosions on radiographs. Mean annual change in mTSS was for 0–2 years 3.4, 2–5 years 1.7, and 5–10 years 1.2.Conclusion.A large proportion of our patients with RA diagnosed and treated in the new biologic treatment era achieved a status of clinical remission or low disease activity and had only a minor increase in radiographic joint damage after the first years of followup.
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Willard, Victoria W., Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Haitao Pan, Chia-Wei Hsu, Rachel C. Brennan, Matthew W. Wilson, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Kristin Goode, Kendra Parris, and Sean Phipps. "Cognitive and Adaptive Functioning in Youth With Retinoblastoma: A Longitudinal Investigation Through 10 Years of Age." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 24 (August 20, 2021): 2676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.20.03422.
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PURPOSE To describe the trajectory of cognitive and adaptive functioning in pediatric patients with retinoblastoma from diagnosis through age 10. This is an extension of a previous report that discussed findings from diagnosis through age 5. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-eight participants with retinoblastoma completed psychological assessments as part of their enrollment on an institutional treatment protocol, with 73 completing an additional assessment at age 10. Trajectories of adaptive and cognitive functioning were determined, with data analyzed by treatment strata, and patients with 13q- analyzed separately. RESULTS Longitudinal trajectories identified a significant change point in trends at age 5, with functioning declining from diagnosis through age 5 and then increasing from age 5 to age 10. This pattern was observed for all strata for adaptive functioning, but only for enucleation-only patients (strata C low) for cognitive functioning. Cognitive trajectories were also influenced by laterality and enucleation status. At age 10, overall functioning was generally within the average range, although estimated intelligence quotient was significantly below the normative mean for enucleation-only (C low) patients. Patients with 13q- demonstrated very low functioning, but few analyses were significant because of small sample size. CONCLUSION The results generally indicate that previously demonstrated declines in functioning from diagnosis through age 5 improve by age 10. However, these early declines, as well as the continuous difficulties observed in patients treated with enucleation only, suggest the need for early intervention services for young patients with retinoblastoma. Continuous monitoring of the psychological functioning of patients with retinoblastoma, increased awareness of risk factors such as unilateral disease, enucleation, race, and surgery-only treatment plans, and referral to Early Intervention for all patients are indicated.
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Srivastava, Sudhir. "The Early Detection Research Network: 10-Year Outlook." Clinical Chemistry 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2012.184697.
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BACKGROUND The National Cancer Institute's Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) has made significant progress in developing an organized effort for discovering and validating biomarkers, building resources to support this effort, demonstrating the capabilities of several genomic and proteomic platforms, identifying candidate biomarkers, and undertaking multicenter validation studies. In its first 10 years, the EDRN went from a groundbreaking concept to an operational success. CONTENTS The EDRN has established clear milestones for reaching a decision of “go” or “no go” during the biomarker development process. Milestones are established on the basis of statistical criteria, performance characteristics of biomarkers, and anticipated clinical use. More than 300 biomarkers have been stopped from further development. To date, the EDRN has prioritized more than 300 biomarkers and has completed more than 10 validation studies. The US Food and Drug Administration has now cleared 5 biomarkers for various clinical endpoints. SUMMARY The EDRN today combines numerous collaborative and multidisciplinary investigator-initiated projects with a strong national administrative and data infrastructure. The EDRN has created a rigorous peer-review system that ensures that preliminary data—analytical, clinical, and quantitative—are of excellent quality. The process begins with an internal review with clinical, biostatistical, and analytical expertise. The project then receives external peer review and, finally, National Cancer Institute program staff review, resulting in an exceptionally robust and high-quality validation trial.
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Gelley, Fanni, György Gámán, Zsuzsanna Gerlei, Gergely Zádori, Dénes Görög, László Kóbori, Imre Fehérvári, et al. "Hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation in Hungary. Trends over the past 10 years." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 27 (July 2013): 1058–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29647.
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Introduction: Management of hepatitis C virus recurrence is a challenge after liver transplantation. Aim: The aim of the authors was to analyse the outcome of liver transplantation performed in hepatitis C virus positive patients during the past ten years and to compare recent data with a previous report of the authors. Method: The authors retrospectively evaluated the data (donors, recipients, perioperative characteristics, patient and graft survival, serum titer of hepatitis C virus RNA, histology) of 409 patients who underwent liver transplantation between 2003 and 2012. Results: 156 patients were transplanted due to hepatitis C virus associated liver cirrhosis (38%). Worse outcome was observed in these patients in comparison to hepatitis C virus negative recipients. The cumulative patient survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 year were 80%, 61%, 51% in the hepatitis C virus positive group and 92%, 85%, 79% in the hepatitis C virus negative group, respectively (p<0.001). The cumulative graft survival rates at 1, 5 and 10 year were 79%, 59% and 50% in hepatitis C virus positive and 89%, 80% and 70% in hepatitis C virus negative patients (p<0.001). Hepatitis C virus recurrence was observed in the majority of the patients (132 patients, 85%), mainly within the first year (83%). The authors observed recurrence within 6 months in 71 patients (56%), and within 3 months in 26 patients (20%). The mean hepatitis C virus recurrence free survival was 243 days. Higher rate of de novo diabetes was detected in case of early recurrence. The cumulative patient survival rates at 1, 3, 5, 10 years were 98%, 89.5%, 81% and 65% when hepatitis C virus recurrence exceeded 3 months and 64%, 53%, 30.5% and 30.5% in patients with early recurrence (p<0.001). Conclusions: Poor outcome of liver transplantation in hepatitis C virus positive patients is still a challenge. Hepatitis C virus recurrence is observed earlier after liver transplantation in comparison with a previous report of the authors. De novo diabetes occurs more frequently in case of early recurrence. Despite an immediate start of antiviral treatment, early recurrence has a significant negative impact on the outcome of transplantation. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1058–1066.
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Buchner, Thomas, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Bernhard J. Woermann, Maria Cristina Sauerland, Achim Heinecke, Utz Krug, and Wolfgang Hiddemann. "Up-Front Randomization 10 Years Later: The AML Cooperative Group Strategy." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2267.2267.
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Abstract As a global approach to acute myeloid leukemia the AMLCG started a clinical trial in 1999 with the intention to clarify the influence of baseline characteristics as well as treatment variables on patients’ outcome. The heterogeneity of this disease in mind, all randomization was done stratified for potential risk factors. Furthermore, all randomization was restricted to the single time point up-front of any treatment. Thus, an unbiased intention-to-treat analysis could be provided. Between June 1999 and January 2012, 3370 consecutive patients 16 - 86 (median 61) years of age entered the trial at 57 participating centers. The general up-front randomization comprised (A) repeated G-CSF priming versus no G-CSF, (B) double induction by TAD (thioguanine-araC-daunorubicin) all at standard dose plus HAM (high-dose araC- standard dose mitoxantrone) versus HAM plus HAM, (C) postremission TAD and maintenance versus TAD and autologous stem cell transplantation. For age adaption patients of 60 years and older received reduced intensity double induction (B) and maintenance instead of autologous transplantation (C). The complete remission rate was 57% (65% <60 and 51% 60+ years, p=<.0001). With a median observation time of 7.1 years the overall survival at 5 years is 26% (40% <60 years and 14% 60+ years, p<.0001) and the rate of patients in complete remission at 5 years is 29% (41% <60 years and 15% 60+ years, p<.0001). There were no significant differences in the CR rates, the 5 years survival and continuous complete remission rates according to randomizations for treatment variables. In contrast, the CR rates and the therapeutic endpoints projected to 5 years were found significantly influenced by risk factors as identified within both age groups and including favorable cytogenetics/ molecular genetics (Döhner H et al. Blood 115: 453-74; 2010), adverse genetics, AML secondary to cytotoxic treatment or to previous myelodysplastic syndrome, LDH in serum, and in particular increasing age itself. In patients between 16 and 59 years of age receiving equal intensity treatment those below versus above the median age of 48 years showed a CR rate of 69% versus 57% (p<.0001), a 5 years survival of 48% versus 33% (p<.0001), and a 5 years proportion in CR of 46% versus 35% (p<.0001). In patients between 60 and 86 years who received reduced intensity treatment the median age was 67 years, and those below versus above this median showed 51% versus 47% CR (p=.1), 5 years survival of 19% versus 9% (p<.001) and 19% versus 12% 5 years proportion in CR (p=.01). Thus, up-front randomization proved to provide unbiased informations about the impact of various risk factors and treatment variables. While age was found to dominate other risk groups (Büchner T et al. J Clin Oncol: 27: 61-69; 2009), a difference in treatment intensity by factor 3.7 had no influence of outcome in a sample of equal baseline characteristics (Büchner T et al. Blood 122: 1447; 2013). As an alternative to antileukemic cytotoxicity, allogeneic stem cell transplantation in first remission was found to prolong even the overall survival in a matched pair analysis again done prospectively within present AMLCG99 trial (Stelljes M et al. J Clin Oncol 32: 288-96; 2013). Up-front randomization and a common standard arm also qualified as a model to compare treatment strategies between different studies (Büchner T et al. Leukemia Research 26: 1073-75; 2002, J Clin Oncol 30:3604-10; 2012). In older patients a web-based prediction of complete remission and early death could be established based upon the AMLCG99 trial (Krug U et al. Lancet 376: 2000-08; 2010). In summary, present long-term results from up-front randomization strongly support a strict prospective strategy for cooperative clinical research on acute myeloid leukemia. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kim, Jihye, Wonseok Kang, Dong Hyun Sinn, Geum-Youn Gwak, Yong-Han Paik, Moon Seok Choi, Joon Hyeok Lee, Kwang Cheol Koh, and Seung Woon Paik. "Substantial risk of recurrence even after 5 recurrence-free years in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients." Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 26, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 516–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2020.0016.
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Background/Aims: Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is notorious for its high recurrence rate, some patients do not experience recurrence for more than 5 years after resection or radiofrequency ablation for early-stage HCC. For those with five recurrence-free period, the risk of HCC recurrence within the next 5 years remains unknown.Methods: A total of 1,451 consecutive patients (median, 55 years old; males, 79.0%; hepatitis B virus-related, 79.3%) with good liver function (Child-Pugh class A) diagnosed with early-stage HCC by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging and received radiofrequency ablation or resection as an initial treatment between 2005 and 2010 were analyzed.Results: During a median follow-up period of 8.1 years, 961 patients (66.2%) experienced HCC recurrence. The cumulative recurrence rates increased to 39.7%, 60.3%, and 71.0% at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively, and did not reach a plateau. Five years after HCC diagnosis, 487 patients were alive without experiencing a recurrence. Among them, during a median of 3.9 additional years of follow-up (range, 0.1–9.0 years), 127 patients (26.1%) experienced recurrence. The next 5-year cumulative recurrence rate (5–10 years from initial diagnosis) was 27.0%. Male sex, higher fibrosis-4 scores, and alpha-fetoprotein levels at 5 years were associated with later HCC recurrence among patients who did not experience recurrence for more than 5 years.Conclusions: The HCC recurrence rate following 5 recurrence-free years after HCC treatment was high, indicating that HCC patients warrant continued HCC surveillance, even after 5 recurrence-free years.
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Mullin, T. J., and Y. S. Park. "Genetic parameters and age–age correlations in a clonally replicated test of black spruce after 10 years." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 12 (December 1, 1994): 2330–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-301.
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Height growth at 10 years from striking was assessed for clonally replicated full-sib black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P) families tested at three locations in central Nova Scotia. Variance components were interpreted according to an additive–dominance–epistasis genetic model and used to derive comparative estimates of gain from various selection and deployment strategies. Field performance at 5 and 10 years was compared with that of the original ortets and families growing in a 25-week greenhouse study, by means of phenotypic and genetic correlation, and rank-change analyses. Between age 5 and 10, the additive portion of the total genetic variance for height decreased from 66 to 38%, while the dominance portion increased from less than 3 to 13%, and the epistatic portion from 31 to almost 49%. As a consequence, narrow-sense heritability estimates were lower at age 10 and gain estimates also decreased, particularly for those strategies that capture gain primarily from additive effects. Although correlations between field performance and early growth measurements were generally poor, the strongest were found at the half-sib level; full-sib correlations were somewhat weaker and those between clone means and early ortet performance were small and not statistically significant. The strongest age–age correlations were those that involved family mean seedling weight in the greenhouse. Family rankings based on early oven-dry biomass production also showed the most consistent agreement with ranking after 5 and 10 years of field testing, although the analyses suggest that effective early selection is probably limited to culling the worst 25% of the families based on biomass. Genotype–environment interactions were statistically significant, although these were limited to only 2% of the phenotypic variance in height growth; furthermore, strong genetic correlations between environments suggested that these interactions have little impact on selection efficiency.
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Tse, Tao Sun Tycus, Yik-Cheung Samuel Wan, Kin-Ho Leo Leung, and Man-Kwan Wong. "Total knee arthroplasty: A single centre review at 10 years of follow-up." Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation 27, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2210491720928472.
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Background: Total knee arthroplasty is a common procedure for treatment of various non-infective arthritis. This study reviewed total knee arthroplasty cases up to 10 years of follow-up for the survival rate, reasons of revision and associated perioperative risk factors for revision. Methods: All cases to total knee arthroplasty performed in a single centre in the years 2007 and 2008 were reviewed. A total of 227 cases of total knee arthroplasty were performed during the 2-year period, with 156 cases followed up to 10 years. Perioperative information, follow-up information and information of possible complications were obtained. Results: The survival rate of total knee arthroplasty in this study is 98.2% at 5 years and 94.2% at 10 years of follow-up. The early post-operative complication rate was low, and majority of cases had improvement of function at 1 year after the operation. Early post-operative infection rate was low at 0.4%, and overall infection up to 10 years of follow-up was also low at 4.4%. Ten cases had undergone revision of arthroplasty by 10 years after operation. Conclusion: The survival rate of total knee replacement was high. The revision rate and infection rates were low up to 10 years of follow-up. The most common reasons of revision arthroplasty were infection and aseptic loosening. Cases which required revision arthroplasty had significantly longer operative duration compared with cases without revision at 10 years of follow-up ( p = 0.01).
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Zubrick, S. R., D. Lawrence, F. Mitrou, D. Christensen, and C. L. Taylor. "Early mental health morbidity and later smoking at age 17 years." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 5 (October 20, 2011): 1103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711002182.
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BackgroundWe examined the relationship between the onset and pattern of childhood mental health disorders and subsequent current smoking status at age 17 years.MethodData were from a prospective cohort study of 2868 births of which 1064 supplied information about their current smoking at 17 years of age. The association between the onset and pattern of clinically significant mental health disorders in the child and subsequent smoking at age 17 years was estimated via multivariable logistic regression.ResultsRelative to 17 year olds who never had an externalizing disorder, 17-year-olds who had an externalizing disorder at age 5, 8 or 14 years were, respectively, 2.0 times [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–3.25], 1.9 (95% CI 1.00–3.65) or 3.9 times (95% CI 1.73–8.72) more likely to be a current smoker. Children with an ongoing pattern of externalizing disorder were 3.0 times (95% CI 1.89–4.84) more likely to be smokers at the age of 17 years and those whose mothers reported daily consumption of 6–10 cigarettes at 18 weeks' gestation were 2.5 times (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.26–4.83) more likely to report smoking at 17 years of age. Associations with early anxiety and depression in the child were not found.ConclusionsCurrent smoking in 17-year-olds may be underpinned by early emergent, and then, ongoing, externalizing disorder that commenced as young as age 5 years as well as exposure to early prenatal maternal smoking. The associations documented in adults and adolescents that link tobacco smoking and mental health are likely to be in play at these early points in development.
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Hoff, M., G. Haugeberg, S. Ødegård, S. Syversen, R. Landewé, D. van der Heijde, and T. K. Kvien. "Cortical hand bone loss after 1 year in early rheumatoid arthritis predicts radiographic hand joint damage at 5-year and 10-year follow-up." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 68, no. 3 (March 13, 2008): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2007.085985.
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Objective:To examine 1-year hand bone loss in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a predictor of radiographic damage at 5-year and 10-year follow-upMethods:A total of 136 patients with RA (disease duration 0–4 years) were followed for 10 years with clinical data and hand radiographs. Joint damage was scored according to the van der Heijde modification of the Sharp method (vdH Sharp score) and hand bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by digital x ray radiogrammetry (DXR). Group comparisons, correlation analyses and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between hand bone loss and radiographic joint damage.Results:Patients with hand BMD loss at 1 year had a higher median increase in vdH Sharp score compared to patients without loss at 5 years (12 vs 2, p = 0.001) and 10 years (22 vs 4, p = 0.002). In a linear regression model adjusting for age, gender, baseline C-reactive protein (CRP), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and radiographic damage, absolute hand DXR-BMD loss at 1 year was an independent predictor of radiographic outcome at 5 years (p<0.01) and 10 years (p = 0.02). In a logistic regression model the odds ratio (95% CI) for radiographic progression among patients with hand BMD loss was 3.5 (1.4 to 8.8) and 3.5 (1.4 to 8.4) at 5 and 10 years, respectively.Conclusion:Early hand bone loss measured by DXR-BMD is an independent predictor of subsequent radiographic damage. Our findings support that quantitative hand bone loss in RA precedes radiographic joint damage and may be used as a tool for assessment of bone involvement in RA.
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Ciric, Jasmina, Milos Zarkovic, and Biljana Beleslin. "Fifty years of subclinical primary aldosteronism: Importance of early diagnosis." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 140, no. 11-12 (2012): 800–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1212800c.
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Clinical presentation of excessive aldosterone secretion is often not specific. The presence of resistant severe hypertension (HT) and signs of hypokalemia is useful but inconsistent characteristic. Plasma aldosterone level in primary aldosteronism (PA) could be normal, although inappropriately high for a low plasma renin activity and not suppressed by sodium. Screening of hypertensive population with no obvious signs of PA has revealed an increased prevalence of idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia as a cause of aldosterone excess. Nowadays, PA is the most common endocrine form of secondary HT, with an estimated prevalence 5-10% of hypertensive population. The diagnosis of PA can lead to surgical cure in the case of aldosterone producing adenoma and unilateral adrenal hyperplasia. The aldosterone excess is responsible for vascular inflammation and end-organ damage. Left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac arrhythmia and cerebral insult are frequently seen in PA and preventable by mineralocorticoid receptor blockers. For this reason, screening for PA in patients with HT and hypokalemia and/or adrenal incidentaloma, resistant and severe HT, and in patients with the onset of HT at young age is advisable. The most widely accepted screening for PA is serum aldosterone to plasma rennin activity (aldosterone : PRA) ratio, with the cut-off of 30 ng/dl:ng/ml/h. Serum aldosterone level could be included as an additional screening parameter. Confirmatory tests are crucial for the diagnosis of PA in patients with an increased aldosterone : PRA ratio and subtype differentiation for the choice of treatment.
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Gurunathan, Deepa, Danalakshmi Jayachandar, and Ganesh Jeevanandan. "Prevalence of early loss of primary molars among children aged 5–10 years in Chennai: A cross-sectional study." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 37, no. 2 (2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_22_19.
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Giuliani, J., A. Mercanti, and A. Bonetti. "Late recurrence (more than 10 years) in early (tumors equal to or smaller than 2 cm) breast cancer patients." Clinical and Translational Oncology 18, no. 8 (October 30, 2015): 859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12094-015-1433-5.
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DuMontier, Clark, Kerri Clough-Gorr, Rebecca A. Silliman, and André Moser. "Motivation and mortality in geriatric patients with early stage breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2015): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.28_suppl.105.
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105 Background: Evidence suggests that an older patient’s motivation and life outlook are associated with health outcomes. A measure of motivation called the Getting Out of Bed Scale (GOB) was previously validated in a cohort of geriatric patients with early stage breast cancer. The aim of our project was to assess the association between GOB and mortality, both all-cause and breast-cancer specific, using the same dataset. Methods: We evaluated 660 women ≥ 65-years old diagnosed with stage I-IIIA primary breast cancer in four geographic regions in the US. Data were collected over ten-years of follow-up from consenting women’s medical records, telephone interviews, National Death Index, and Social Security Death Index. To address attrition bias, a multiple imputation approach using two-fold fully conditional specification was used to generate a complete dataset and allow for sufficient power in our statistical testing. Results: Using this dataset, a cox regression survival analysis found no significant association between GOB and mortality, both all-cause [5 years HR (95% CI): 0.76 (0.50,1.15), 10 years: 0.77 (0.59, 1.01)] and breast-cancer-specific [5 years: 0.92 (0.48, 1.73), 10 years: 0.84 (0.53, 1.33)]. This observation held true even after adjustment for other validated health-related quality of life measures of mental health, physical functioning, and socioeconomic status. Notably, patients with high mental health scores as measured by the Mental Health Index Short Form had significantly lower mortality, both all-cause [5 years: 0.42 (0.27, 0.65), 10 years: 0.59 (0.44, 0.79)] and breast-cancer specific [5 years: 0.42 (0.20, 0.90), 10 years: 0.52 (0.31, 0.89)]. Conclusions: These results suggest that GOB does not predict mortality in geriatric patients with early stage breast cancer; however, more research is needed to assess hope and outcomes in geriatric cancer patients. This study would not have been possible without the multiple imputations approach, which allows for greater power in researching longitudinal datasets that would otherwise suffer from loss to follow up.
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Rakhmawati, Nur Ika Sari, Rachma Hasibuan, and Erni Lutfiyah. "Study of Domino Number Game Development for Early Children’s Ability to Recognize Numbers." Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 3, no. 2 (August 22, 2019): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v3i2.263.
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This study aims to develop and produce feasible and effective numerical domino game prototype used as learning to recognize symbols of number 1-10 for children aged 4-5 years. The design of study is research and development research adapted from Borg & Gall research and development using Single one shot case study and One Pretest-Posttest Design Group. But the writers used only 9 steps. The subject in this study are Group A children aged 4-5 years in 6 kindergartens in Duduk sampeyan Subdistrict, Gresik District. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative. The results of this developmental research are numerical domino game prototype to develop 4-5 years old children’s ability to recognize number 1-10. The operational field testing stage shows The average score is 0.84, categorized as high. Therefore, it can be concluded that the numeric domino game is feasible and effective game used as learning to recognize the symbol of numbers 1-10 in children aged 4-5 years.
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Kavitha, Vanagondi K., Khetavath Gopal Singh, and Dundigalla Chandraiah. "Nutritional assessment in developmentally retarded children of 3-10 years age group." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20185087.
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Background: Intellectual disability is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind of a child and is specifically characterized by sub average intellectual functioning existing concurrently with limitations in conceptual, social, practical adaptive skills. Non-nutritional factors may influence growth, but nutritional factors such as insufficient calorie intake, excessive nutrient losses and abnormal energy metabolism also contribute to growth failure.Methods: A hospital based descriptive study was conducted where children with intellectual disability of 3 years to 10 years age group brought to child psychiatry OPD during the study period were enrolled in the study. The study was conducted in Government Medical College, Nizamabad which is a teaching hospital. Study period was for one and half year - from January 2017 to June 2018.Results: Out of 100 children with intellectual disabilities 32% of children were 2-5 years and 68% of children were 6-10 years. 64% of children were thin with a BMI <5th percentile and 36% of children were normal BMI falling in the range of 5th-85th percentile. Energy intake, calcium, iron and zinc intake were low in all age groups of children with intellectual disabilities.Conclusions: Regular assessment of nutritional status of intellectually disabled children may be of value in correcting nutrient deficiencies promptly, as nutrient intake has a bearing on the growth, development and stature of an individual. Hence early detection and nutritional intervention prevents malnutrition and increases the quality of life in children with intellectual disabilities.
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Bertoli, Sarah, Suzanne Tavitian, Emilie Berard, Noemie Gadaud, Audrey Sarry, Francoise Huguet, Eric Delabesse, and Christian Recher. "More Than 10% of NPM1-Mutated AML Relapses Occur after 5 Years from Complete Remission." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-113109.
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Abstract The majority of relapses in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients occur in the first or second year following complete remission. In routine, AML patients are followed during five years because few relapses can occur after three or five years. These late or very late relapses remain poorly described, particularly at the molecular level, with only few consistent series in the literature. (Medeiros B et al., Leuk Lymphoma 2007; Verma D et al., Leuk Lymphoma 2010; Watts J et al., Leuk Res 2014). We retrospectively studied all AML relapses occurring after complete remission (CR) obtained with one or two induction cycles between 2000 and 2012 in Toulouse University Hospital, France. Our analyses focused on late relapses (LR, >3 years from CR) and very late relapses (VLR, >5 years from CR) in comparison to early relapses (ER, ≤3 years from CR). Between 2000 and 2012, out of 636 CR patients, 346 had morphological relapses (54.4%). The median time to relapse was 0.9 years (range, 0.1-11.9 years; interquartile range [IQR], 0.5-1.5 years). There were 198 relapses during the first year (57.2%), 82 during the second year (23.7%), 24 during the third year (6.9%) whereas 42 relapses occurred after 3 years (12.1%) and 16 after 5 years (4.6%). Characteristics at diagnosis, i.e., age, AML status, WBC count, karyotype, FLT3-ITD mutation, CEBPA mutation and induction regimen did not differ between ER and LR or VLR. However, NPM1 mutations were more frequent in LR (NPM1m at diagnosis in relapses >3 years: 46% vs. 28% in relapses <3 years, P=.0532), and in VLR (NPM1m at diagnosis in relapses >5 years: 67% vs. 27% % in relapses <5 years, P=.0070). Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) was more frequently performed in the LR group (24% vs. 14%, P=.0369) and in VLR group (31% vs. 14%, P=.0748). Second CR (CR2) rate and median overall survival from relapse date (OS2) were better in LR and VLR than in ER (CR2ER: 26%, CR2LR: 43%, CR2VLR: 50%; P=.0154; OS2ER: 4.6 months, OS2LR: 10.8 months, OS2VLR: 11.6 months; P=.0024). Among the 142 CR1 patients with NPM1m, 67 relapsed (47.2%). In patients with NPM1m, relapses occurred during the first year in 39 (58.2% of NPM1m relapses), during the second year in 14 (20.9%) and during the third year in 2 (3%) whereas 12 relapses occurred after 3 years (17.9%), 8 occurred after 5 years (11.9%) and 3 after 8 years (4.5%). In NPM1-wild type patients, LR and VLR were significantly less frequent (<3 years: 91.9%; >3 years: 8.1%; >5 years: 2.5%; >8 years: 0.6%; P=.0317, .0037 and .0783 respectively). NPM1m relapses represented one half of LR (48%) and two thirds of VLR (67%). Among them, genotype was NPM1m/FLT3-wild type in most patients (75% in LR and 88% in VLR patients). In LR and VLR, NPM1 mutational status had no impact on CR2 and OS2: CR2LR/NPM1m: 42% vs. CR2LR/NPM1-WT: 38% (P=.8702); CR2VLR/NPM1m: 50%vs. CR2LR/NPM1-WT: 50% (P=1.0000); OS2LR/NPM1m: 7.4 months vs. OS2LR/NPM1-WT: 19.4 months (P=.2019); OS2VLR/NPM1m: 7.8 months vs. OS2VLR/NPM1-WT: 29.8 months (P=.0917). Our data show that LR and VLR are not infrequent in AML patients with NPM1 mutations. Although this finding needs to be validated in updated multicentric cohorts with a very long follow-up, it strongly suggests that AML patients with NPM1 mutations should benefit from a prolonged follow-up beyond 5 years from CR. Table Table. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Schaefer, Peter R., and Norman W. Baer. "Stability of Ponderosa Pine Provenance Performance: Results after 21 Years in Eastern South Dakota." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/9.3.102.
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Abstract Present seed source recommendations for ponderosa pine throughout most of the Great Plains are based on provenance data of trees up to 15 years old. There are indications in the literature that these recommendations may change as test plantations get older. Height and survival of 69 provenances of ponderosa pine were recorded 5, 10, 15, and 21 years following field establishment in 1968. The three provenances forming the north central Nebraska cluster maintained a significant height superiority over the remaining clusters at all measurement dates. Age/age correlations for total height growth declined over time; however, all were highly significant and the correlation between ages 10 and 21 was quite strong (r = 0.76). However, relative to the plantation mean, the growth rate of the rapid early growers was decreasing, while that of the slow early growers was increasing. Correlations between survival and growth rate were strong and highly significant at all ages, with the highest correlations for 5-or 10-year growth rate and 21-year survival (r = 0.74 and 0.75, respectively). If present growth trends continue, the historically strong age correlations for height growth will likely weaken. The impact on provenance recommendations should be minimal, because rapid early growth and long-term survival are the traits of interest. North. J. Appl. For. 9(3):102-107.
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Rodriguez-Muguruza, S., B. Combe, F. Guillemin, A. Olive, O. Valero, R. Fontova Garrofe, S. Marsal, F. Bruno, and C. Lukas. "POS0308 TRAJECTORIES OF FATIGUE IN EARLY RA OVER 10 YEARS: RESULTS FROM THE ESPOIR COHORT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 380.1–380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.214.
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Background:Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptom reported by persons with RA. RA-related fatigue is a complex concept with biological, psychological and social interactions.Objectives:In a cohort of early RA patients, to determine and characterize fatigue trajectories over 10 years of follow-up and identify predictors of trajectory membership.Methods:Patients fulfilling the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for RA included in the ESPOIR cohort. We used a cluster analysis to obtain fatigue (assessed by fatigue visual analogue scale) trajectories over the course of 10 years from enrolment. Chi-square tests or ANOVA were performed to evaluate differences of baseline variables between fatigue trajectories. Using a multinomial logistic regression we could identify predictors of trajectory membership.Results:We analysed 598 patients with mean disease duration at enrolment of 26.2 ± 40.9 days. Cluster analysis revealed 3 trajectories: high (18%), moderate (52%) and low fatigue (30%). Compared to patients with moderate or low fatigue trajectory, patients with high fatigue trajectory were predominantly women and reported significantly higher duration and intensity of morning stiffness, HAQ score, number of tender joints, levels of pain, number of awakenings due to arthritis, levels of physician and patient global assessment and more frequent sleep problems, and increased psychological distress. Female patients with pain, psychological distress and presence of sicca symptoms had higher risk of being in high trajectory group.Conclusion:These findings suggest that levels of fatigue are rather stable over time in each trajectory. Baseline clinical measures and baseline patient-reported measures of functional status better distinguished the three fatigue trajectories. We did not find differences between trajectories in baseline laboratory measures. Inflammatory activity was not a predictor of being in high trajectory fatigue group.References:[1]Pollard LC, Choy EH, Gonzalez J, Khoshaba B, Scott DL. Fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis reflects pain, not disease activity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006;45:885–9[2]Repping-Wuts H, van Riel P, van Achterberg T. Fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: what is known and what is needed. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009;48:207–9.[3]Pilgaard T, hagelund L, Stallknecht SE, jensen HH, Esbensen BA. Severity of fatigue in people with rheumatoid arthritis, psoritic artrhitis and spondyoarthritis- Results of cross-sectional study. Plos One. 2019;14:e0211831[4]Feldthusen C, Grimby-Ekman A, Forsblad-d’Elia H, Jacobsson L, Mannerkorpi K. Explanatory factors and predictors of fatigue in persons with rheumatoid arthritis: a longitudinal study. J Rehabil Med 2016 28;48:469–76.[5]Madsen SG, Danneskiold-Samsøe B, Stockmarr A, Bartels EM. Correlations between fatigue and disease duration, disease activity, and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Scand J Rheumatol. 2016;45:255-61.[6]Olsen CL, Lie E, Kvien TK, Zangi HA. Predictors of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis patients in remission or in a low disease activity state. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016;68:1043–8.[7]Druce K, Jones GT, Macfarlane GJ, Verstappen SMM, Basu N. The longitudinal course of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register. J Rheumatol 2015;42:2059–65.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Pfister, Hugo, Jane Lixin Dai, Marta Volonteri, Katie Auchettl, Maxime Trebitsch, and Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz. "Tidal disruption events in the first billion years of a galaxy." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 3 (November 15, 2020): 3944–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3471.
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ABSTRACT Accretion of stars on massive black holes (MBHs) can feed MBHs and generate tidal disruption events (TDEs). We introduce a new physically motivated model to self-consistently treat TDEs in cosmological simulations, and apply it to the assembly of a galaxy with final mass $3\times 10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ at z = 6. This galaxy exhibits a TDE rate of $\sim 10^{-5}\, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$, consistent with local observations but already in place when the Universe was one billion year old. A fraction of the disrupted stars participate in the growth of MBHs, dominating it until the MBH reaches mass $\sim 5 \times 10^5 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, but their contribution then becomes negligible compared to gas. TDEs could be a viable mechanism to grow light MBH seeds, but fewer TDEs are expected when the MBH becomes sufficiently massive to reach the luminosity of, and be detected as, an active galactic nucleus. Galaxy mergers bring multiple MBHs in the galaxy, resulting in an enhancement of the global TDE rate in the galaxy by ∼1 order of magnitude during $100\, \mathrm{Myr}$ around mergers. This enhancement is not on the central MBH, but caused by the presence of MBHs in the infalling galaxies. This is the first self-consistent study of TDEs in a cosmological environment and highlights that accretion of stars and TDEs are a natural process occurring in a Milky Way-mass galaxy at early cosmic times.
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Bhan, Alok, Cecilie Jacobsen, Kjell Morten Myhr, Ingvild Dalen, Kirsten Lode, and Elisabeth Farbu. "Neurofilaments and 10-year follow-up in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 24, no. 10 (August 1, 2018): 1301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458518782005.
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Background: The role of biomarkers to predict clinical outcome in multiple sclerosis (MS) is still debated. Objective: To test whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) light-chain neurofilament (NfL) levels in newly diagnosed patients with MS could predict clinical outcome over a 10-year period. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed MS underwent standardized clinical assessments at baseline and 5 and 10 years of follow-up. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) progression between assessments was defined as an increase in one point or more if <6 and 0.5 or more if ≥6. CSF obtained at baseline was analyzed for levels of NfL using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. Results: A total of 44 patients were included. In all, 35 patients (80%) had relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Patients who progressed in EDSS showed a trend for higher median baseline CSF-NfL levels than patients who did not progress after 5 years (947 ng/L vs 246 ng/L, p = 0.05), and although not statistically significant, after 10 years (708 ng/L vs 265 ng/L, p = 0.28). Patients who converted from RRMS to secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) at 5 years had a statistical significant higher median CSF level of NfL (2122 ng/L vs 246 ng/L, p = 0.01). Conclusion: CSF levels of NfL at the time of diagnosis seems to be an early predictive biomarker of long-term clinical outcome and conversion from RRMS to SPMS.
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Punglia, Rinaa S., Karen M. Kuntz, Eric P. Winer, Jane C. Weeks, and Harold J. Burstein. "Optimizing Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Postmenopausal Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Decision Analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 22 (August 1, 2005): 5178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.02.964.
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Purpose The optimal adjuvant endocrine strategy for postmenopausal breast cancer is unknown. Options include the antiestrogen tamoxifen, estrogen deprivation with aromatase inhibitors, and sequential therapy with tamoxifen and then an aromatase inhibitor. Methods We developed Markov models to simulate 10-year disease-free survival among postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. The treatment strategies analyzed were 5 years of tamoxifen alone, 5 years of an aromatase inhibitor alone, and sequential treatment consisting of tamoxifen with cross over to an aromatase inhibitor at 2.5 or 5 years. Risk estimates were derived from reported randomized clinical trials. Results Sequential therapy with tamoxifen followed by cross over to an aromatase inhibitor at 2.5 years yielded a modest improvement in disease-free survival compared with planned aromatase inhibitor monotherapy. At 10 years, the cross-over strategy yielded absolute disease-free survival rates of 83.7% and 67.6% for node-negative and node-positive patients, respectively, compared with 82.6% and 65.5%, respectively, for aromatase inhibitor monotherapy, which is a 6% relative risk reduction. Sequential therapy improved disease-free survival estimates by year 6 after treatment initiation. Later cross over from tamoxifen to an aromatase inhibitor at 5 years did not further improve 10-year disease-free survival estimates. Sensitivity analyses suggest that sequential treatment strategies optimized 10-year disease-free and distant disease–free survival independent of the degree of the beneficial carryover effect after aromatase inhibitor therapy or the ratio of local to distant tumor recurrence. Conclusion Modeling estimates suggest that sequential adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen followed by an aromatase inhibitor after 2.5 years yields improved outcomes compared with either drug alone or cross-over treatment after 5 years of tamoxifen.
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Saarto, Tiina, Leena Vehmanen, Carl Blomqvist, and Inkeri Elomaa. "Ten-Year Follow-Up of 3 Years of Oral Adjuvant Clodronate Therapy Shows Significant Prevention of Osteoporosis in Early-Stage Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, no. 26 (September 10, 2008): 4289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.15.4997.
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PurposeWe have previously reported that 3-year adjuvant clodronate treatment prevents bone loss in breast cancer patients. Here we report the 10-year follow-up data of clodronate in the prevention of treatment-related osteoporosis in women with early-stage breast cancer.Patients and MethodsTwo hundred sixty-eight pre- and postmenopausal, node-positive breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to clodronate, 1.6 g orally administered daily, or to control groups for 3 years. Premenopausal women were treated with adjuvant CMF chemotherapy; and postmenopausal women were treated with antiestrogens, either 20 mg tamoxifen or 60 mg toremifene, for 3 years. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and hip was measured before treatment and at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 years after therapy.ResultsEighty-nine disease-free patients were included in the analyses of osteoporosis-free survival. During the 10-year period, 24 of 89 patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis. Fourteen patients developed spinal osteoporosis (three of 41 in the clodronate group, and 11 of 48 in the control group), and 14 of 89 patients were diagnosed with hip osteoporosis (seven of 41 in the clodronate group, and seven of 48 in the control group). The 10-year spinal, osteoporosis-free survival rate was 92.7% in the clodronate group, and 77.0% in the control group (P = .035). No difference was seen in the frequency of hip osteoporosis (85.4% v 82.9%; P = .92). Baseline BMD measurement had a predictive value of 18 of 24 patients (75%) who developed osteoporosis had osteopenia of the lumbar spine at baseline.ConclusionThree years of clodronate therapy significantly reduces the incidence of lumbar spine osteoporosis. Patients at risk of developing osteoporosis are among those who have pretreatment osteopenia, that is, baseline BMD measurement has predictive value.
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Stojakov, Dejan, Predrag Sabljak, Milos Bjelovic, M. Dunjic, B. Nenadic, K. Ebrahimi, B. Spica, et al. "Iatrogenicperforations of the esophagus and hypopharynx: 5 years experience of single institution." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 51, no. 1 (2004): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0401093s.
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Iatrogenic perforations of the esophagus and hypopharynx are important problem, due to diagnostic difficulties, controversies about adequate treatment, and high morbidity and mortality rate. Incidence of iatrogenic perforations is from 50 to 75% of all perforations. In the period from April 1999. to April 2004, 15 patients with iatrogenic perforation of the esophagus and hypopharynx were treated at the Department of esophageal surgery, First University Surgical Hospital in Belgrade. In majority of patients iatrogenic perforation occured during endoscopie interventional procedure (endoscopie removal of ingested foreign body - 10 pts, endotracheal intubation -2 pts, intraoperative iatrogenic perforation - 2 pts. pneumatic dilatation - 1 pt). Surgical treatment was performed in 12 (80%) pts and 3 (20%) pts were treated conservatively. Surgical approach was cervicoabdominal, thoracoabdominal and cervicothoracoabdominal in 9.1 and 2 pts. respectively. Among 12 operated pts, primary repair of the esophagus was performed in 5 pts. and esophageal resection or exclusion in 7 pts. Overall mortality rate was 13.3% (2 pts), in surgical group 8,3% (1 pt) and in conservatively treated group 33,3% (1 pt). latrogenic perforations of the esophagus and hypopharynx are diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Awareness of the possibility of esophageal perforation during instrumental manipulations and early diagnosis is essential for successful, individually adapted, and in most cases surgical, treatment.
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Patterson, Brooke E., Adam G. Culvenor, Christian J. Barton, Ali Guermazi, Joshua J. Stefanik, Hayden G. Morris, Timothy S. Whitehead, and Kay M. Crossley. "Worsening Knee Osteoarthritis Features on Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1 to 5 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 12 (September 4, 2018): 2873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518789685.
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Background: An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a well-established risk factor for the long-term development of radiographic osteoarthritis (OA). However, little is known about the early degenerative changes (ie, <5 years after injury) of individual joint features (ie, cartilage, bone marrow), which may be reversible and responsive to interventions. Purpose: To describe early degenerative changes between 1 and 5 years after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and explore participant characteristics associated with these changes. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Seventy-eight participants (48 men; median age, 32 years; median body mass index [BMI], 26 kg/m2) underwent 3.0-T MRI at 1 and 5 years after primary hamstring autograft ACLR. Early tibiofemoral and patellofemoral OA features were assessed with the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score. The primary outcome was worsening (ie, incident or progressive) cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), osteophytes, and meniscal lesions. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations evaluated participant characteristics associated with worsening features. Results: Worsening of cartilage defects in any compartment occurred in 40 (51%) participants. Specifically, worsening in the patellofemoral and medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments was present in 34 (44%), 8 (10%), and 10 (13%) participants, respectively. Worsening patellofemoral and medial and lateral tibiofemoral BMLs (14 [18%], 5 [6%], and 10 [13%], respectively) and osteophytes (7 [9%], 8 [10%], and 6 [8%], respectively) were less prevalent, while 17 (22%) displayed deteriorating meniscal lesions. Worsening of at least 1 MRI-detected OA feature, in either the patellofemoral or tibiofemoral compartment, occurred in 53 (68%) participants. Radiographic OA in any compartment was evident in 5 (6%) and 16 (21%) participants at 1 and 5 years, respectively. A high BMI (>25 kg/m2) was consistently associated with elevated odds (between 2- and 5-fold) of worsening patellofemoral and tibiofemoral OA features. Conclusion: High rates of degenerative changes occur in the first 5 years after ACLR, particularly the development and progression of patellofemoral cartilage defects. Older patients with a higher BMI may be at particular risk and should be educated about this risk.
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Mikhaylovskiy, M. N., V. V. Novikov, A. S. Vasyura, V. N. Sarnadskiy, and L. G. Kuz'mishcheva. "SOVREMENNAYa KONTsEPTsIYa RANNEGO VYYaVLENIYa I LEChENIYa IDIOPATIChESKOGO SKOLIOZA." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2003): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto20031013-10.
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Concept of early detection and treatment of patients with idiopathic scoliosis is presented. That concept has been elaborated at Novosibirsk Institute of Traumatology and Orthpaedics (Republican Center of spine pathology) and includes the following stages. 1. Screening of large groups of children for early diagnosis of spine deformities using computer optic tomography. 2. Follow up of children from the "risk groups". 3. Conservative treatment of children with deformities within 20-40° by Cobb using jacket elaborated at Novosibirsk. 4. Surgical treatment of progressive deformities with individual approach to the following groups of patients: children under 10 years; intermediate group (11-13 years, skeleton growth not completed); adolescents (14-20 years); patients with neglected deformities over 90°. 5. Postoperative rehabilitation using segmental instrumentation of CDI type takes several weeks.
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Gercovich, N., E. Gil Deza, M. Russo, C. Garcia Gerardi, C. Diaz, E. Morgenfeld, B. Rolnik, J. Emina, E. Rivarola, and F. G. Gercovich. "Early-stage male breast cancer: A 10-year experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e11630-e11630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e11630.
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e11630 Introduction: Male breast cancer is very rare, representing only between 0.7% and 1% of all breast cancers, and only half of them are early stage cases. Objective: The present study has been designed with the aim of studying retrospectively the clinical onset and evolution of male invasive breast cancer patients (stages I and II) treated at IOHM between 1997 and 2008. Methods: The records of 3,000 breast cancer cases followed between 1997 and 2008 were searched, looking for male stage I and II breast cancer patients. A database was designed following the recommendations of the Directors of Surgical Pathology of the USA. The information registered encompassed: adjuvant treatments, recurrence date and date of final consultation or death. Results: Twelve pts were identified. Mean age (range)= 66 yo (50–89 yo). Tumoral type= Invasive Ductal Carcinoma 12 pt. Tumoral subtype= NOS 9 pt (75%) Apocrine 2 pt (17%) Micropapillar 1 pt (8%). Nottingham´s grade= Grade 2: 8 pt, Grade 3: 3 pt, N/A=1 pt. Stage= I= 6 pt, II=6 pt. ER (Positve= 9 pt, Negative=1 pt, N/A= 2 pt). PR (Positve= 8 pt, Negative= 2 pt, N/A=2 pt). Her2neu (0+= 3 pt, 1+= 3 pt, 2+= 2 pt, N/A= 4 pt). Surgery= Mastectomy= 11 pt, Lumpectomy 1= pt. Radiotherapy=5 pt. Adjuvance= No=2 pt, Hormonotherapy (HT)= 3 pt, Chemotherapy (CHT) = 3 pt, CHT+HT= 4 pt. Recurrence= Yes= 2 pt, No= 10 pt. Survival: Dead= 1 pt, Alive =11 pt. Mean Time To Progression= Stage I =66 months, Stage II =42 months. Global survival: Stage I =66 months, Stage II =52 months. Conclusions: 1. Twelve stage I and II male breast cancer patients were identified out of 3000 (0.4%) breast cancer cases diagnosed and followed in the past 10 years at the IOHM. 2. Mastectomy was the surgical procedure in 11 of the 12 cases 3. Ten pt underwent adjuvant treatment. 4. With a mean follow up time of 60 months, all stage I patients are alive and there were no recurrences. Two of the 6 stage II pts progressed and one died. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Fitzgerald, Kelly, and Adil Daud. "Response to PD-1 inhibition in early- and late-relapsing cutaneous melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e21038-e21038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e21038.
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e21038 Background: Up to 45% of stage I-II melanomas will relapse within 5 years, and some relapses occur more than 10 years after surgical resection. Little is known about the differences in tumor characteristics, including immunogenicity, of early- vs. late-relapsing melanoma, or the implication of these differences in response to PD-1 inhibition. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare time from definitive treatment of localized melanoma to relapse with response to pembrolizumab. Patients with prior stage I-II melanoma who relapsed, and then treated with pembrolizumab, were included in the study. Time to relapse was compared with overall response rate. Results: Among the study population, 66 patients initially presented with early stage disease that relapsed within the study period. The median time to relapse was 5 years (range 0.5-33 years, interquartile range 7.25, Q1 = 2, Q2 = 9.25). 9 patients (14%) relapsed within 2 years of surgery; these patients had a higher overall response rate to pembrolizumab than late-relapsing patients with marginal significance (88% vs 50%, p = 0.056). The difference became less significant when patients who relapsed before or after 5 years (70% vs 47%, respectively, p = 0.20), and before or after 10 years (64% vs 45%, p = .31). Conclusions: Patients with early-relapsing melanoma had higher ORR to pembrolizumab than patients with late-relapsing disease, with early relapse defined as earlier than 2 years from definitive surgical intervention. Late relapsing tumors may harbor mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Goss, Paul E., James N. Ingle, Kathleen I. Pritchard, Nicholas J. Robert, Hyman Muss, Julie Gralow, Karen A. Gelmon, et al. "A randomized trial (MA.17R) of extending adjuvant letrozole for 5 years after completing an initial 5 years of aromatase inhibitor therapy alone or preceded by tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2016): LBA1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.18_suppl.lba1.
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LBA1 Background: Five years of aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy either as up-front treatment or after 2-5 years of tamoxifen has become the standard of care for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive early breast cancer. Extending treatment with an AI to 10 years may further reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Methods: We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Canadian Cancer Trials Group MA.17R) to test the efficacy of extending AI treatment for an additional five years using letrozole. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival. Results: A total of 1,918 women with early stage breast cancer were enrolled (median follow-up 75 months, 6.3 years). A total of 165 disease-free survival (DFS) events (67 on letrozole and 98 on placebo) occurred, of which 42 versus 53 were distant recurrences on letrozole and placebo, respectively. There were 200 deaths (100 in each treatment group). The 5 year DFS was respectively 95% for patients receiving letrozole versus 91% for those on placebo (HR 0.66; P = 0.01) from a two-sided log-rank test stratified by nodal status, prior adjuvant chemotherapy, interval between last dose of AI therapy and randomization, and duration of prior tamoxifen at randomization. The 5 year overall survival was respectively 93% for subjects on letrozole and 94% on placebo with a HR of 0.97 (P = 0.83). The annual incidence rate of contralateral breast cancer was 0.21% for subjects on letrozole versus 0.49% on placebo (P = 0.007). Conclusions: Compared to 5 years of AI treatment as initial therapy or preceded by 2-5 years of tamoxifen, extending AI treatment to 10 years significantly improves disease-free survival. Further analyses will provide a comprehensive picture of toxicities and QOL. Clinical trial information: NCT00754845.
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Grant, Valerie V., Alexa L. Bagnell, Christine T. Chambers, and Sherry H. Stewart. "Early Temperament Prospectively Predicts Anxiety in Later Childhood." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 5 (May 2009): 320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400506.
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Objective: To investigate the contribution of early childhood temperamental constructs corresponding to 2 subtypes of general negative emotionality—fearful distress (unadaptable temperament) and irritable distress (fussy–difficult temperament)—to later anxiety in a nationally representative sample. Method: Using multiple linear regression analyses, we tested the hypothesis that caregiver-reported child unadaptable temperament and fussy–difficult temperament scales of children aged 2 to 3 years (in 1995) would prospectively predict caregiver-reported child anxiety symptoms at ages 4 to 5, 6 to 7, 8 to 9, and 10 to 11 years, and child-reported anxiety at 10 to 11 years (controlling for sex, age, and socioeconomic status) in a nationally representative sample from Statistics Canada's National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (initial weighted n = 768 600). Results: Only fussy–difficult temperament predicted anxiety in children aged 6 to 7 years. In separate regressions, unadaptable temperament and fussy–difficult temperament each predicted anxiety at 8 to 9 years, but when both were entered simultaneously, only unadaptable temperament remained a marginal predictor. Temperament did not significantly predict caregiver- or child-reported anxiety at 10 to 11 years, suggesting that as children age, environmental factors may become more important contributors to anxiety than early temperament. Conclusion: Our results provide the first demonstration that early temperament is related to later childhood anxiety in a nationally representative sample.
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Fickett, Nathanael D., Chris M. Boerboom, and David E. Stoltenberg. "Soybean Yield Loss Potential Associated with Early-Season Weed Competition across 64 Site-Years." Weed Science 61, no. 3 (September 2013): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-12-00164.1.
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Glyphosate applied POST can provide a high level of efficacy on many weed species in soybean, but delayed application beyond optimal weed growth stages might fail to fully protect yield potential. Further, we do not have a good understanding of the extent to which delayed glyphosate application and its associated yield loss is occurring on-farm. Our goal was to characterize on-farm weed communities in glyphosate-resistant soybean just prior to glyphosate application and estimate potential yield loss associated with early-season soybean-weed competition. In field surveys conducted across 64 site-yr in southern Wisconsin in 2008 and 2009, common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, dandelion,Polygonumspp., andAmaranthusspp. were the five most abundant broadleaf weed species across site-years, present in 92, 69, 64, 42, and 50% of all fields, respectively, at average densities of 14, 5, 5, 14, and 10 plants m−2, respectively. Average height of these species was 21 cm or less at or near the time of glyphosate application. Grass and sedge species occurred in 95% of fields at an average density of 41 plants m−2and height of 21 cm. The mean and median values of total weed density across site-years were 101 and 41 plants m−2, with heights of 19 and 17 cm, respectively. Recommended height for treatment is 15 cm. Glyphosate application occurred on average at V3 to V4 soybean growth stage, which is later than V2 soybean typically targeted to protect yield. Average yield loss predicted by WeedSOFT® was 5% with a mean economic loss of $47 ha−1. Predicted yield loss was greater than 5% on one-fourth of the site-years, all of which were treated at V4 soybean or later. The maximum predicted yield loss was 27%. These results suggest that glyphosate was applied at weed height and soybean growth stages that were greater than optimal to protect yield in many fields across southern Wisconsin. A soil-residual herbicide applied PRE, or a more timely POST application of glyphosate would alleviate the majority of these losses.
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Jeremic, Branislav, Yuta Shibamoto, Ljubisa Acimovic, Nebojsa Nikolic, Aleksandar Dagovic, Jasna Aleksandrovic, and Gordana Radosavljevic-Asic. "Second Cancers Occurring in Patients With Early Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Chest Radiation Therapy Alone." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 4 (February 15, 2001): 1056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.4.1056.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of second cancers occurring in patients with early stage (I/II) non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with radiation therapy (RT) alone.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight patients had been treated with conventionally fractionated (CF) RT (1982 to 1987), and 116 patients had been treated with hyperfractionated (Hfx) RT (1988 to 1993). Tumor doses were 60 Gy for CF and 69.6 Gy (1.2 Gy bid) for Hfx.RESULTS: A total of 26 patients developed second cancers. The cumulative incidence of second cancer was 21.8% (SE, 4.7%) at 5 years and 34.8% (SE, 6.7%) at 10 years. For second lung cancers, it was 6.0% (SE, 2.8%) at 5 years and 14.2% (SE, 5.2%) at 10 years, and for second nonlung cancers, it was 16.3% (SE, 4.2%) at 5 years and 22.2% (SE, 5.7%) at 10 years. The rate of developing second cancer per patient per year was 4.3% (95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.7% to 5.9%), with the rates being 1.4% (CI, 0.5% to 2.3%) for the second lung cancers and 2.8% (CI, 1.5% to 4.1%) for second nonlung cancers. The rate of developing second cancers during the first and second 5-year period after RT (0 to 5 and 5 to 10 years) was 4.3% (CI, 2.4% to 6.2%) and 4.2% (CI, 0.6% to 7.8%), respectively, for all cancers. These rates were 1.0% (CI, 0.1% to 1.9%) and 2.2% (CI, 0% to 4.6%), respectively, for second lung cancers, and 3.2% (CI, 1.6% to 4.8%) and 1.5% (CI, 0% to 3.6%), respectively, for second nonlung cancers.CONCLUSION: Long-term survivors after RT alone for early stage NSCLC carry the same risk of developing second cancer, either lung or nonlung, as their counterparts treated surgically when the results of this study are compared with those of the published literature.
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Dar, Hanief Mohamed, Tariq Ahmed Mala, Yaqoob Hassan, Shahid Amin Malla, Mir Mujtaba Ahmad, and Varun Dogra. "Penile fracture; three years’ experience from a tertiary care centre." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20180350.
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Background: To study cause, presentation, diagnosis and early management of penile fracture and to prevent the complications.Methods: In this study 48 patients of penile fracture were included in the study who were admitted in general surgery department at Government Medical College Srinagar from May 2007 to May 2010. All patients were evaluated with detailed history, clinical examination and baseline investigations followed by immediate surgical repair.Results: Age range of patients was 21-75 years. Youngest being 21 years and eldest being 75 years (median-30 years). 38(79.1%) patients were married while as 10(20.9%) patients were unmarried. Sexual intercourse was main cause, seen in 41(85.4%) of patients, aggressive masturbation in 5(10.4%) patients and rolling over in bed during erection was seen in 3(6.2%) patients. All patients presented in general surgery department with complaints of pain and swelling in penile region. Time interval between injury and presentation to the department ranged from 4-24 hours (mean 11 hours). Isolated cavernosa injury was seen in 43 (89.6%) patients, while as 5 (10.4%) patients were having associated urethral injury (3 were having partial injury and 2 complete urethral disruption). There was a ventral rent in 31(64.6%) patients and lateral rent in17 (35.4%). Size of tear in tunica albuginea was less than 1cms in 19(39.6%) patients, 1-2cm in 17(35.4) patients and more than 2cms in 12 (25%) patients. Patients were discharged on 2-5 days (mean 3.1 days). There were no immediate postoperative complications. 2 (4.1%) patients had pricking sensation at repair site, 1(2.05%) patient had pain during erection and 2 (4.01%) patients had mild deviation during erection on follow up.Conclusions: Penile fracture is a relatively rare urological emergency which mostly occurs during sexual intercourse or aggressive masturbation and is usually a clinical diagnosis. Early surgical repair avoids complications and preserves both sexual and voiding functions.
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Falch-Madsen, Jonas, Lars Wichstrøm, Ståle Pallesen, and Silje Steinsbekk. "Prevalence and stability of insomnia from preschool to early adolescence: a prospective cohort study in Norway." BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, no. 1 (June 2020): e000660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000660.
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BackgroundThere is limited knowledge about the prevalence and stability of insomnia defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). We therefore provide such estimates from preschool to early adolescence and explore potential sex differences.MethodsWe followed a representative community sample (n=1037) biennially from 4 to 14 years of age (2007–2017). Insomnia diagnoses and symptoms were captured by a semistructured clinical interview of parents and children (from age 8 years).ResultsAt ages 4 and 6 years approximately 2.5% of children met the criteria for insomnia, whereas at ages 8, 10, 12 and 14 years the prevalence ranged from 7.5% to 12.3%. During the 10-year period examined nearly 1 in 5 children had insomnia at least once (18.7%). Sex differences were apparent with DSM-IV, but not DSM-5, criteria: boys (8.1%) had more insomnia than girls (4.5%) did at ages 4–10 years, whereas girls (11.4%) had more insomnia than boys (7.1%) did at ages 12 and 14 years. Insomnia proved stable, with 22.9%–40.1% of children retaining their diagnosis 2 years later. Having current insomnia produced medium to large ORs of between 5.1 (95% CI 2.6 to 9.8) and 15.3 (95% CI 4.4 to 52.9) for subsequent insomnia 2 years later compared with not having preceding insomnia.ConclusionsInsomnia was less prevalent than previous research indicates, with nearly 1 in 5 participants having insomnia at least once between the ages of 4 and 14 years. Female preponderance emerged in early adolescence. Having insomnia at one time point was a considerable risk for subsequent insomnia, indicating that insomnia is persistent and warrants clinical attention.
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Kawalec, Anna, and Krystyna Pawlas. "Breakfast Frequency and Composition in a Group of Polish Children Aged 7–10 Years." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 2241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072241.
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Breakfast is considered one of the crucial elements of a healthy diet. Most studies evaluate breakfast consumption with the risk of obesity and other health effects. Less attention is paid to the evaluation of breakfast composition and patterns. Thus, this study aimed to describe the most frequently observed breakfast patterns and to assess breakfast composition and quality in a group of Polish early school-age children. The cross-sectional survey study was conducted in school years 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Information regarding breakfast was obtained with the use of an original paper-based weekly observation diary, and breakfast quality was assessed with a special scoring designed to be used together with the diary. In total, 223 schoolchildren of the second and third grades participated in the study, and 200 diaries were analyzed. More than ¾ of the participants consumed breakfast every day. Nearly 68% of meals were classified as well balanced, but only 16.5% of children eat a well-balanced breakfast every day. The number of children who usually (≥5 times per week) eat a sandwich for breakfast was 94 (47%), and that of those who habitually eat cereal and milk or porridge was 29 (14.5%). Only 7% of children consumed fruit or vegetables for breakfast daily, and 26.5% never eat fruit or vegetables for breakfast. Concluding, most children eat breakfast regularly, but the meal composition and quality might be improved.
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Nofiyanto, Muhamat, Muhamad Munif, and Miftafu Darussalam. "PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PERAWAT TENTANG MOBILISASI DINI PASIEN DI ICU RSUD PANEMBAHAN SENOPATI BANTUL YOGYAKARTA." MEDIA ILMU KESEHATAN 6, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30989/mik.v6i1.173.
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Background: Early mobilization is necessary in critically ill patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to prevent hypovolemia which endangers patient’s life. The role of nurses in early mobilization is important by providing explanations and motivating patients to achieve the purpose of healing. Guidance and intensive intervention from nurses can reduce the recurrence of disease.
Objective: To investigate the level of knowledge and attitude of nurses on patients early mobilization in ICU of RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul.
Method: A descriptive, cross sectional study, was applied on 20 nurses in ICU of RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul. Univariate data analysis was administered to characteristics of respondents, knowledge, attitudes, and cross-tabulations.
Result: Most of nurses have good level of knowledge (70%), and on attitude domain, most nurses are being supportive (75%) in terms of early mobilization to patients. Nurses whose age are 22-35 years old (10%), male (10%), have been working for 1 month up to 5 years (10%), have background of 3 years diploma in nursing (10%) fall into poor knowledge category. Similar characteristics contribute to attitude domain where nurses whose age are 22-35 years old (25%), male (15%), have been working for 1 month up to 5 years (25%), have background of 3 years diploma in nursing (35%) are placed into unsupportive category.
Conclusion: The level of knowledge of nurses on patients early mobilization is in good category where the attitude is in supportive category.
Keywords: Knowledge, attitude of nurses, early mobilization.
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Demirag, M. Kemal, Hasan Tahsin Keçeligil, and Fersat Kolbakir. "Primary Surgical Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect." Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 11, no. 3 (September 2003): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/021849230301100307.
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Between January 1983 and December 2000, 78 patients underwent primary repair of a ventricular septal defect. There were 42 males (54%) and 36 females (46%) of whom 13 (17%) were under 1 year old, 50 (64%) were aged 1–10 years, 11 (14%) were aged 10–20 years, and 4 (5%) were over 20 years old. The ventricular septal defect was a perimembranous type in 60 patients (77%), subarterial (outlet) type in 10 (13%), and atrioventricular canal (inlet) type in 4 (5%). Operative repair was performed with a patch in all except 2 patients. Early postoperative complications included insignificant aortic regurgitation in 4 patients, persistent complete heart block in 1, and residual shunt in 4. There were 5 early deaths (6.4%) and 1 late death (1.8%) in 56 patients followed up. Early primary closure of ventricular septal defects, usually via a right atriotomy, can be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity rates.