Journal articles: 'Early water system'

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Cowen, R. "Water Flowed Early in the Solar System." Science News 149, no. 8 (February 24, 1996): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3979799.

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Pesacreta, George. "Early Warning System: Minimizes Water Quality Problems." Opflow 35, no. 1 (January 2009): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.2009.tb02965.x.

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Sjekavica Klepo, Mariela, and Mladen Radujković. "EARLY WARNING SYSTEM IN MANAGING WATER INFRASTRUCTRE PROJECTS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 25, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 531–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2019.10404.

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There is a continuous need to improve existing project management decision-making support models, particularly those for monitoring and control are needed to increase chances for success. In this paper, potential of early warning in project management was focused, along with its connection to project success via project success factors. First, a systematic literature review was conducted, along with the focus group method, in order to identify project success factors. The selected success factors were also collected on 93 water infrastructure projects through a survey. By the means of linear regression analysis, critical success factors were finally determined. The results were integrated in the early warning system algorithm, composed by three modules – detection, validation and response module. The response module is composed by three dimensions: 1) risk, constraint and change management, 2) incorporation of project management competences and 3) application of project management methods, tools and techniques. The proposed early warning system was tested on three infrastructure projects. The results confirmed that improved early warning system can contribute in increase of project management success. As original database is composed by projects from only one country (Croatia), in the final stage of the research proposed approach was checked in five countries from the Central or South East Europe (Czech Republic, Slovenia, Serbia, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina). The results from the final stage confirmed potential of the proposed approach as declared originally, so it is reasonable to expect success in early warning system’s implementation due to similarities of critical success factors on projects as well as project management problems in general, that countries in regions share. This research presents new and creative way in linking early warning and project success, as well as interpretation of early response through different dimensions in project management. Also, based on the results of this research, it is possible to create a useful practical tool for managing other types of projects.

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Wan Hassan, Wan Haszerila, Aiman Zakwan Jidin, Siti Asma Che Aziz, and Norain Rahim. "Flood disaster indicator of water level monitoring system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 1694. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp1694-1699.

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The early warning systems for flood management have been developed rapidly with the growth of technologies. These system help to alert people early with the used of Short Message Service (SMS) via Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). This paper presents a simple, portable and low cost of early warning system using Arduino board, which is used to control the whole system and GSM shields to send the data. System has been designed and implemented based on two components which is hardware and software. The model determines the water level using float switch sensors, then it analyzes the collected data and determine the type of danger present. The detected level is translated into an alert message and sent to the user. The GSM network is used to connect the overall system units via SMS.

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Abdimavlyanovich Usarov, Umidjon. "Irrigation System Of Turkestan In The Second Half Of 19th Century And Early 20th Century." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 06 (June 17, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue06-01.

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This article describes the state of irrigated agriculture in Turkestan, water sources, classification of major rivers and their tributaries, geographical location, irrigation system, sources of water supply, types of traditional irrigation methods used by the local population in the second half of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. Moreover, an attempt is made to reveal the participation of local people in the construction, repair, cleaning of irrigation facilities, the implementation of centuries-old rules of irrigation, the rights of local people to use water through a number of sources, statistical collections, scientific literature and research works in the article.

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Agudelo-Vera, C. M., E. J. M. Blokker, and E. J. Pieterse-Quirijns. "Early warning system to forecast maximum temperature in drinking water distribution systems." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 64, no. 5 (November 24, 2014): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2014.040.

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Zhang, Xiu-ju, Ning Qiu, Wen-Rong Zhao, Huan An, and Julius Lissa Tommy. "Water environment early warning index system in Tongzhou District." Natural Hazards 75, no. 3 (October 2, 2014): 2699–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1456-1.

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Lakshmi, A. Vijaya. "IOT Early Flood Detection & Alerting System using Arduino." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 10, 2021): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34835.

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The technical and scientific advancements in the current industrial age have revolutionized our lives and provided us with plenty of comforts and conveniences. However, this industrial progress has come at a hefty cost of global warming and environmental disasters. The increasing carbon footprints and greenhouse gas emissions have severely disturbed the natural cycle of rains and floods. Hence, now we are facing the dangers of unwarned floods more than ever before. Flooding is typically brought on by an increased quantity of water during a water system, sort of a lake, river overflowing. On occasion a dam fractures, abruptly releasing a huge quantity of water. The outcome is that a number of the water travels into soil, and ‘flooding’ the region. In order to detect and reduce damages caused by floods in a timely manner, technology plays a crucial role. With the help of technology, we can reduce natural disasters caused by floods. In this system we make use of a Arduino Uno interfaced with 4 different sensors, named as Ultrasonic sensor for measuring water levels, float sensor detect full water, Flow sensor for knowing speed of water and humidity sensor. These combinations of sensor are used to predict flood and alert respective authorities with help of IOT and sound instant alarm in nearby villages to instantly transmit information about possible floods. These sensors provide information over the IOT using Wi-Fi module. On detection of conditions of flooding the system predicts the quantity of your time it migh take to arrive a specific area and alerts the villages/areas that would be affected by it.

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Hartanto, Dita Dwi, and Peby Wahyu Purnawan. "Designing an early flood detection system prototype in riverbank settlements." Matrix : Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi dan Informatika 11, no. 3 (November 28, 2021): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/matrix.v11i3.185-197.

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There is still a lot of use of the floodgates in the main hole to drain the residential water into the river is still operated manually by someone in charge of opening and closing the floodgates. It is less efficient and often happens to the operator, so the water overflows and can lead to flooding. In this final task, a prototype of an early flood detection system and the automation of sewerage in a settlement located on the riverbanks. The control of floodgates on the main hole works automatically according to the signal from a sensor that reads the state of the water level. Main hole floodgates will work when the river water enters it at a specific limit that sensors will read and provide information on the level of river water in it to someone via WhatsApp to prevent river water from entering the settlement. When the main hole door is closed automatically, the residential water flow will be directed to a temporary reservoir. When the temporary reservoir is full, the sensor will signal to activate the discharge pump that will be discharged into the river to dispose of the water in the reservoir. The design and testing of flood early detection prototype tools and residential water disposal automation can work well by the design principle.

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Lv, Nan, Yue Ming Wang, and Hong Yu Liu. "Research about Control Factors and Early Warning System of Early Warning System in Song Fangtun Oilfield." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.919.

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The development effect of Song Fangtun Oilfield is mainly restricted by two factors which are geology and exploitation. In view of the main control factors in oilfield development, we selected two indexes,monthly average decline range and water content escalating rate to establish early warning system of blocks development effect. The system which has great practical application value, is sensitive to reflecting the monthly variation process of block development effect, and plays a certain guiding role in the development effect during the whole year.

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Schöne, T., W. Pandoe, I. Mudita, S. Roemer, J. Illigner, C. Zech, and R. Galas. "GPS water level measurements for Indonesia's Tsunami Early Warning System." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2011): 741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-741-2011.

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Abstract. On Boxing Day 2004, a severe tsunami was generated by a strong earthquake in Northern Sumatra causing a large number of casualties. At this time, neither an offshore buoy network was in place to measure tsunami waves, nor a system to disseminate tsunami warnings to local governmental entities. Since then, buoys have been developed by Indonesia and Germany, complemented by NOAA's Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) buoys, and have been moored offshore Sumatra and Java. The suite of sensors for offshore tsunami detection in Indonesia has been advanced by adding GPS technology for water level measurements. The usage of GPS buoys in tsunami warning systems is a relatively new approach. The concept of the German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS) (Rudloff et al., 2009) combines GPS technology and ocean bottom pressure (OBP) measurements. Especially for near-field installations where the seismic noise may deteriorate the OBP data, GPS-derived sea level heights provide additional information. The GPS buoy technology is precise enough to detect medium to large tsunamis of amplitudes larger than 10 cm. The analysis presented here suggests that for about 68% of the time, tsunamis larger than 5 cm may be detectable.

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Ramadhani, Shindy, Nadya Andhika Putri, Indri Sulistianingsih, and Eko Hariyanto. "SMS GATEWAY-BASED EARLY FLOOD DETECTION WARNING SYSTEM DESIGN." International Journal of Economic, Technology and Social Sciences (Injects) 2, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53695/injects.v2i1.223.

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Natural disasters that are familiar and often occur around the world, including our country Indonesia one of which is flooding, and not infrequently this also often occurs at night and when the home occupier is not in a place that usually often causes material losses and not infrequently also causes fatalities. This study aims to implement a prototype system that allows to know the possibility of flooding before water enters the area or area of people's homes by using alerts in the form of alarm sounds or sms messages. Which is where this flood-cutting early warning prototype system will use Arduino as a microcontroller that will thoroughly control the ultrasonic sensor as a water level detector and buzzer sensor as a sounder or alarm when the water level has reached a certain limit, Where sms will be directly sent by the SENSOR SIM800L to the citizen's mobile phone or contact number that has been adjusted by the system. So the final result of this small study is that a prototype system of early warning of SMS Gateway-based flood detection will be very helpful for residents to know how the water level will be when entering people's homes.

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Chang, Ming Qi, and Yan Li Fan. "Study on early Warning Mechanism of Water Resources Security." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 1079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.1079.

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Early warning system of water resources security is a multi-level and complex system made of many factors. By analyzing current situation of water resources security early warning, operating mechanism of water resources security early warning system is put forward. Logic, time and knowledge related to operating mechanism are discussed. For early warning threshold decision is one of key technologies in water resources security early warning, warning threshold decision and warning degree classification of water resources security early warning are set forth. These methods are systematic method, control chart method, catastrophe theory method and expert decision method. Adopting the water resources security early warning system, situation can be analyzed and predicted promptly and effectively.

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Balk, F., P. C. Okkerman, C. A. M. van Helmond, F. Noppert, and I. van der Putte. "Biological Early Warning Systems for Surface Water and Industrial Effluents." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 3 (February 1, 1994): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0104.

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Within the framework of the International Rhine Action Programme and the EC ACE-Programme in the field of the environment (regulation EC.224/87) the sensitivity and reliability of biological early warning systems are being tested. The effectiveness of these systems for continuous water quality monitoring is being assessed, using surface water and industrial effluents. The systems tested are a fish and a waterflea early warning system. From the results it is concluded that both types of biological early warning systems in combination with physico-chemical monitoring increase the effectiveness of monitoring pollution levels in surface water. Fish early warning systems can be important tools in reducing water pollution by industries.

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Han, Min, Yunzhang Rao, Wen Nie, Dan Wang, Fuyu Wu, and Liang Shi. "An Early Warning System for Landslide Risks in Ion-Adsorption Rare Earth Mines: Based on Real-Time Monitoring of Water Level Changes in Slopes." Minerals 13, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13020265.

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During the in situ leaching process of ion-adsorption rare earths, leaching solution needs to be constantly injected to the mine slopes. As a consequence, landslides are highly likely to occur due to the increasing water level of soil mass. To solve this problem, we conducted a mechanical analysis on the rising water level after solution injection, which shed light on the mechanical principle of slope instability brought about by rising water level. With water level variation as the major factor, we established an early warning system for landslide risks on the basis of the real-time monitoring of water level. Within the system, a self-designed landslide early warning model is embedded. In addition to monitoring the water level variation in slopes, this system can be employed for real-time data processing. With the integration of early warning model algorithm, the real-time graded early warning of slope landslide risks is achieved within the mining process of ion-adsorption rare earths. By discussing the real-time monitoring method, framework of landslide early warning system, FIFC landslide early warning model, optimization method of water level, and selection of landslide-inducing factors, this research provides an effective solution to the landslide early warning within the mining process of ion-adsorption rare earth minerals. Thus, it can be employed as a favorable reference for other types of early warning systems.

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Imran, Syed. "Early-warning system for safe drinking-water: A domain-specific modelling approach." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2010 (January 1, 2010): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2010.18.

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The quality of drinking water in Ireland was brought forcefully to the attention of the Irish public with the outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Galway City during 2007, which affected more than 90,000 people, causing illness in over 240 people, and led to the imposition of a boil water notice in Galway City for 5 months during the peak tourist season. In 2008, the Irish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identified 36% of public water supplies (339 supplies) that required detailed profiling, that is, the representation of all the physical items that may constitute the drinking water treatment plant in order to ensure their capability to provide clean and wholesome drinking water. These water supplies, which were included on a Remedial Action List, required a range of actions to their drinking water treatment plants to ensure they could achieve this. The aim is to develop a novel Early Warning System for water ...

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Kimera, David, and Shaban Tumwijukye. "Early River Flood-Warning System Based on Embedded Systems." East African Journal of Engineering 5, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eaje.5.1.541.

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This paper details the design and construction of a Flood Warning System (FWS) for River Nyamwamba that has been prone to floods of a greater magnitude. The idea was developed on the principle that floods are a meteorological event that develops over time, and thus a need for sufficient time for people to evacuate, and to protect their lives and property. However, the range of existing FWSs have a tangle of conflicting requirements in terms of cost and reliability and have challenges from factors as diverse as technological and social. Built on Computer Embedded Systems, this study provides a cheaper and reliable FWS for a country like Uganda. River Nyamwamba flow was modelled with DEM, Topography sheets, river map, imageries, flow data, stage data, land use maps, and rainfall data. The data sets were conditioned and processed in a GIS environment using ArcGIS software and exported to the HECRAS program to perform a steady flow simulation of the river. High-risk areas were visualized that provided reliable river flow parameters that were used as input values for the design of the FWS. An Arduino programmed microcontrollers were used to control all input and output values regarding the modelled river. An ultrasonic sensor was used to monitor the normal flow, intermediate flow, and peak flood water levels. From this, the river stage was displayed onto an LCD screen at all times, an electronic SMS is sent to operators at intermediate flow, while an alarm is sounded at flood level.

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Sankary, Nathan, and Avi Ostfeld. "Scaled Multiobjective Optimization of an Intensive Early Warning System for Water Distribution System Security." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 143, no. 9 (September 2017): 04017025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001317.

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Sankary, Nathan, and Avi Ostfeld. "Incorporating Operational Uncertainty in Early Warning System Design Optimization for Water Distribution System Security." Procedia Engineering 186 (2017): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.222.

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Munir, Muhammad Miftahul, Rahmat Awaludin Salam, Eko Widiatmoko, Yundi Supriadani, Andri Rahmadhani, Hamzah Latief, and Khairurrijal. "Web-Based Surface Level Measuring System Employing Ultrasonic Sensors and GSM/GPRS-Based Communication." Applied Mechanics and Materials 771 (July 2015): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.771.92.

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Water surface level should get special attention as water can cause disasters such as flood when its surface exceeds a certain level. A real time early warning system to monitor water surface level is necessary for avoiding severe effects of flood to human life. A web-based water level measuring system using an ultrasonic sensor can be an alternative choice for developing the early warning system. It is known that the system has advantages in the installation and maintenance compared to other systems. This paper discusses the design of a water level measuring system integrated with an internet web server. Ultrasonic sensors are used to measure the water surface level. A GSM / GPRS-based communication system is applied for sending measured water levels to a web server. The results indicate that the measurement data are in accordance with the water levels manually obtained. The results also show that the system works real time.

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Khopade D.K, Prof, and Prof Salunkhe A.A. "Early Flood Monitoring System Through AI, IOT and Thing Speak Cloud." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 03 (March 15, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem29273.

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One kind of natural disaster that can cause significant property damage and even fatalities is flooding. It's critical to diagnose floods early to reduce their effects. In this study, we describe a novel early flood detection technique utilizing the Thingspeak cloud platform, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Internet Of Things (IOT) technologies. The system consists of a network of Internet Of Things (IOT) sensors positioned in flood-prone areas to detect water levels in real time. These sensors collect and transmit water level data to the Thingspeak cloud platform. The AI algorithms running on the cloud platform examine the data to look for changes in water levels that could indicate an impending flood. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Thingspeak, esp32 microcontroller, water level sensor, Flood, Detection, alert.

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Pramana, Rozeff, Bhakti Yudho Suprapto, and Zainuddin Nawawi. "Remote Water Quality Monitoring with Early –Warning System for Marine Aquaculture." E3S Web of Conferences 324 (2021): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132405007.

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Rapid technological developments have penetrated the application of technology in the field of aquaculture. Climate Changes that are currently uncertain and beyond prediction encourage the application of technology to increase fishery production and modernization. The purpose of this study is to design a water quality monitoring system that can be monitored remotely in real-time using an internet-based smartphone/PC application. It is equipped with an early warning system to monitor the water quality set by the upper and lower thresholds. This device is based on Robotdyn Uno Wifi R3 ESP8266 with IoT technology. The alarm system uses a buzzer and LED indicator to make it understandable to fishermen. We tested the device in two stages. Results showed that the alarm system responds to all changes in water quality that exceeds the set threshold. Water quality data can be monitored with an internet-based smartphone application and updated every 15-16 seconds

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Ceccarelli, Cecilia, and Fujun Du. "We Drink Good 4.5-Billion-Year-Old Water." Elements 18, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.18.3.155.

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Water is crucial for the emergence and evolution of life on Earth. Recent studies of the water content in early forming planetary systems similar to our own show that water is an abundant and ubiquitous molecule, initially synthesized on the surfaces of tiny interstellar dust grains by the hydrogenation of frozen oxygen. Water then enters a cycle of sublimation/freezing throughout the successive phases of planetary system formation, namely, hot corinos and protoplanetary disks, eventually to be incorporated into planets, asteroids, and comets. The amount of heavy water measured on Earth and in early forming planetary systems suggests that a substantial fraction of terrestrial water was inherited from the very first phases of the Solar System formation and is 4.5 billion years old.

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Grayman, W. M., and R. M. Males. "Risk-based modeling of early warning systems for pollution accidents." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0050.

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An early warning system is a mechanism for detecting, characterizing and providing notification of a source water contamination event (spill event) in order to mitigate the impact of contamination. Spill events are highly probabilistic occurrences with major spills, which can have very significant impacts on raw water sources of drinking water, being relatively rare. A systematic method for designing and operating early warning systems that considers the highly variable, probabilistic nature of many aspects of the system is described. The methodology accounts for the probability of spills, behavior of monitoring equipment, variable hydrology, and the probability of obtaining information about spills independent of a monitoring system. Spill Risk, a risk-based model using Monte Carlo simulation techniques has been developed and its utility has been demonstrated as part of an AWWA Research Foundation sponsored project. The model has been applied to several hypothetical river situations and to an actual section of the Ohio River. Additionally, the model has been systematically applied to a wide range of conditions in order to develop general guidance on design of early warning systems.

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Maindl, Thomas I., and Rudolf Dvorak. "Collision parameters governing water delivery and water loss in early planetary systems." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S299 (June 2013): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313008971.

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AbstractWe investigate the distribution of encounter velocities and impact angles describing collisions in the habitable zone of the early planetary system. Here we present a catalogue of collision characteristics for a particular mass ratio of the colliding bodies and seven different planetesimal masses ranging from a tenth of Ceres' mass to 10 times the mass of the Moon. We show that there are virtually no collisions with impact speeds lower than the surface escape velocity and a similar velocity-impact angle distribution for different planetesimal masses if velocities are normalized using the escape velocity. An additional perturbing Jupiter-like object distorts the collision velocity and impact picture in the sense that grazing impacts at higher velocities are promoted if the perturber's orbit is close to the habitable zone whereas a more distant perturber has more the effect of a mere widening of the velocity dispersion.

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Dyer, J. A. "A Drought Early Warning System for Prairie Pasture Land." Canadian Water Resources Journal 13, no. 4 (January 1988): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4296/cwrj1304005.

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Huang, Wen-Cheng, and Chia-Ching Chou. "Risk-based drought early warning system in reservoir operation." Advances in Water Resources 31, no. 4 (April 2008): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2007.12.004.

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Wisnu Alfiansyah, Muhamad, I. Gede Putu Wirarama Wedashwara W, and Ahmad Zafrullah Mardiansyah. "Implementasi IoT Untuk Early Warning System(EWS) Pada Tambak Udang Vaname." Journal of Computer Science and Informatics Engineering (J-Cosine) 5, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 20–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jcosine.v5i1.351.

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Vaname shrimp is a type of aquaculture that has a high economic value and has relatively fast growth. Good water quality is key in the cultivation of vaname shrimp on ponds. However, monitoring of pond water conditions is still done manually and not done intensively. Internet of Things (IoT) and Early Warning System (EWS) as the latest technology can be a solution in periodic pond monitoring activities and give early warning to farm owners. Double Exponential Smoothing Holt is one method for forecasting in time series. In this study, the system predicts the potential for endangering the pond conditions, when there are indications of danger, it will inform the user via Telegram chat. The accuracy test value of the forecasting method used for water temperature is the MSE value of 0.01954 and MAPE of 9.0859%. Whereas for the water pH, the MSE value is 0.000155 and MAPE of 0.828%.

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Sim, Heather P., Donald H. Burn, and Bryan A. Tolson. "Probabilistic design of a riverine early warning source water monitoring system." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 8, no. 3 (November 2013): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jees.2013.0032.

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Kamal, Noha, Abdallah Hammad, Talaat Salem, and Mohie Omar. "EARLY WARNING AND WATER QUALITY, LOW-COST IOT BASED MONITORING SYSTEM." JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences 47, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesaun.2019.115742.

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Li, Ji-qing, Rui-chao Xi, Ai-jing Wang, Yushan Zhang, and Hai-tao Huang. "Early-warning system analysis for water resources security in Tianjin city." Desalination and Water Treatment 52, no. 13-15 (July 10, 2013): 2709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.813676.

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Setiawan, Foni Agus, and Yuli Sudriani. "System Engineering for Online Monitoring and Early Warning of Water Environment." Jurnal INKOM 9, no. 2 (May 30, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.inkom.422.

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Measurement activity usually performed at a time or in a certain time period. In the case of measurements at one time, measurements manually by visiting the location of measurements, take measurements and write them down, then left the location is not a problem. However, measurements made within a certain period of time or year would be verydraining, costly, and time consuming if perfomed manually. Thus, design and implementation of embedded system for online monitoring and early warning of water environment is proposed. The system consists of two parts i.e. monitoring stations (site) and monitoring center (server). A monitoring station is an embedded system that has interface with a logger. Monitoring center is a computer that runs the service that gets the data sent by the monitoring stations, process it and put it into the database. Monitoring center also runan http service to display data acquired from monitoring stations to end users both in tabular or graphical view . The system can perform continuous measurements and its results can be monitored remotely.

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Ostfeld, Avi, Avner Kessler, and Ilya Goldberg. "A contaminant detection system for early warning in water distribution networks." Engineering Optimization 36, no. 5 (October 2004): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03052150410001714097.

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Uriadnikova, I. V., V. H. Lebedev, V. M. Zaplatynskyi, and O. I. Tsyhanenko. "Early determination and evaluation of technogenic risks within the water purification systems of TSs and TPSs." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-1/095.

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Purpose. To determine and evaluate technogenic risks within the water purification systems of TSs and TPSs during normal operation in terms of electrocoagulation plant. Methodology. It is proposed to apply a fault tree method for the analysis of various operation failures of water purification facilities in the heat power industry. Additional analysis method, applied at stages one and two of technogenic risk determination, is suggested for its use. The method is based upon the construction of matrix combining states of the system elements. Findings. The aggregation of the combination matrix and fault tree method makes it possible to derive a new grapho-analytical procedure to analyse probabilities of technogenic risk initiation in the context of any water purification system operation both at the stage of its design and at the stage of its work. Originality. Non-routine operation of a water purification system may depend upon certain internal reasons as well the external ones. The reasons pose risks to a situation that at the output of the system, water will turn out being insufficiently purified. It has been identified that in terms of the non-routine operation of water purification system, risk probability is worth analysing with the help of the fault tree serving as graphical representation of causal relationships obtained while considering dangerous situations in reverse order to determine probabilities for their initiation. Practical value. The procedure helps obtain quantitative, qualitative, and causal-consequential indicatorsfacilitating control of technogenic risk initiation in water purification systems. Software has been developed to calculate rapidly the probabilities of running of block elements or water purification system elements in an operation mode or in a failure mode, and see clearly the poorest combinations in terms of an electrocoagulation water purification system.

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Wijaya, AnathaPindika, and Rino. "Flood Monitoring Early Warning System using Internet of Things-based Telegram." bit-Tech 6, no. 3 (April 30, 2024): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32877/bt.v6i3.971.

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Technology can be considered a human invention that is used to facilitate human activities. In the current increase and growth of technology, there are many technologies that have been created from time to time. Flooding is a natural disaster that can be caused by human behavior itself. Many floods occur due to blockage of water flow in gutters or drainage systems. The impact of a flood disaster are many things that harm us, if a flood occurs, it doesn't just result in material loss, it can even cause loss of life. Therefore, this research aims to create an Early Warning System for handling flood disasters based on the Internet of Things (IOT) using telegram as a monitoring control. According to the rule, if the water level distance is less than 10 cm, then the water level will be declared safe from flooding. Then, if it is greater than 10 cm and less than 15 cm, a flood warning will be issued, and if the water level is more than 15 cm, there will be a danger of flooding. The results of this research will show that this tool can detect water levels and send a warning/notification from the Telegram application.

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Dr. M. Kanthimathi, Morrven R, Madhan N, and Nataraj T R. "Water Monitoring System for Aquatic Organisms." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 1, no. 01 (December 20, 2023): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2023.004.

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Maintaining the health and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems demands vigilant water quality monitoring. In response, we introduce an advanced Water Quality Monitoring System tailored for real-time data acquisition and analysis, contributing to effective water resource management. A wide range of vital indicators, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and more, are integrated into this system. These sensors are placed at strategic locations inside bodies of water. The Water Quality Monitoring System offers a spectrum of indispensable features to elevate monitoring capabilities. It ensures continuous data collection, empowering early identification of fluctuations in water quality and rapid response to potential pollution incidents. Automated alerts are incorporated, promptly notifying stakeholders of abnormal conditions using the GSM module. Its modular architecture guarantees scalability, simplifying integration with existing monitoring infrastructures and accommodating additional sensors as needed. The system accommodates deployment in remote or challenging terrains, ensuring uninterrupted vigilance over water quality.

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Sri Lestari, Veronika Nugraheni, Dwi Cahyono, and Sri Susilowati. "Designing Early Warning System for The Impact of Industrial Development Waste by Using pH Control System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.14 (April 15, 2018): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.11581.

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Environment is inseparable from human life. Human negligence in building industry without caring the impact on environment can damage the physical and biological environment slowly and indirectly. Therefore an effort to preserve the quality of environment, especially for the environment adjacent to the settlement, is necessary and can be performed in various ways including technology utilization. Technology develops rapidly and electronic devices have become one compulsory device to be owned. Wastewater is industrial waste should be controlled prior to passing surrounding environment to avoid pollution. One way to control it is controlling its pH of, this is performed by early warning on pH level. This paper focused on designing control device for industrial waste water pH that is able to inform an early when on concentration of industrial waste water under normal limit water.

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Jin, Li, Ya Wei Li, and Qing Guo Li. "Research on the Water Safety Early Warning for Rural Safe Drinking Water Projects in Qingdao." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 1513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.1513.

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Water safety early warning is an essential and important basis for sustainable rural safe drinking water projects management and running. in this paper, we firstly analyzed the major influencing factors to water safety early warning. Secondly we establish a water supply safety early-warning assessment index system, and give classification standards for water supply safety early-warning assessment. Further, with the fuzzy assessment theory we propose a fuzzy warning assessment model approach. Finally the model and methods are used in Qingdao, and obtained t the rural water safety early-alarm level is ‘middle warning’.

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Yoeseph, N. M., F. A. Purnomo, R. Hartono, and Nuryani. "Lora-based IoT sensor node for Real-time Flood Early Warning System." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 986, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012060.

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Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) using LoRa technology has been widely used in many fields. One of them is in disaster mitigation and management. This paper presents sensor nodes as part of a Flood Early Warning System using LoRa technology. The node consists of a water level sensor and a water flow meter. Water level measurements were carried out by ultrasonic sensors HY-SRF05, and the speed of water flow is measured by water flow meter YF-S201. Communication between the nodes and the gateway is done by the BsFrance Lora32u4 II v1.4 Wireless Transceiver module. Data regarding the height of the water level and speed of water flow will be measured by the sensor and sent by the LoRa device to the gateway. The gateway then forwards that data to an open-source IoT platform for analysis and visualization. Testing ultrasonic sensor readings get an accuracy of 97.06%. Waterflow sensor testing obtained 91.96% accuracy. In addition to testing the measurement accuracy, data transmission consistency is also tested against the distance between the gateway and the node. The test results show that the data can still be sent at a space between the node and the gateway below 400 m. Above 400m, the data cannot be received by the gateway anymore. Testing delay time between reading data and receiving data on the IoT platform shows the average delivery delay of 0 ms.

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Rubio-Martin, Adria, Manuel Pulido-Velazquez, Hector Macian-Sorribes, and Alberto Garcia-Prats. "System Dynamics Modeling for Supporting Drought-Oriented Management of the Jucar River System, Spain." Water 12, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051407.

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The management of water in systems where the balance between resources and demands is already precarious can pose a challenge and it can be easily disrupted by drought episodes. Anticipated drought management has proved to be one of the main strategies to reduce their impact. Drought economic, environmental, and social impacts affect different sectors that are often interconnected. There is a need for water management models able to acknowledge the complex interactions between multiple sectors, activities, and variables to study the response of water resource systems to drought management strategies. System dynamics (SD) is a modeling methodology that facilitates the analysis of interactions and feedbacks within and between sectors. Although SD has been applied for water resource management, there is a lack of SD models able to regulate complex water resource systems on a monthly time scale and considering multiple reservoir operating rules, demands, and policies. In this paper, we present an SD model for the strategic planning of drought management in the Jucar River system, incorporating dynamic reservoir operating rules, policies, and drought management strategies triggered by a system state index. The DSS combines features from early warning and information systems, allowing for the simulation of drought strategies, evaluating their economic impact, and exploring new management options in the same environment. The results for the historical period show that drought early management can be beneficial for the performance of the system, monitoring the current state of the system, and activating drought management measures results in a substantial reduction of the economic impact of droughts.

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Kirschner, Frederick E., and George L. Bloomsburg. "Vadose Zone Monitoring: An Early Warning System." Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 8, no. 2 (June 1988): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1988.tb00986.x.

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Andriushchenko, Kateryna, Oleksandr Datsii, Olena Aleinikova, Alebri Mohamed Abdulla, and Alhemeiri Mohammed Ali. "Improvement of the water resources management system at the territorial level." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.34.

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The article is devoted to the improvement of the water resources management system at the territorial level. The article covers problems in different countries of the world, which are described in the water supply with an increase in the population of a harsh climate. Today, the existing trend shows that about two-thirds of forests and wetlands have been lost or degraded since the early 20th century, the soil was destroyed and deteriorated in quality. These trends predict floods and droughts, which in turn affects our ability to adapt to climate change. The analysis of the literature on the peculiarities of determining the main elements of influence on the use of water resources in the world is carried out. The article used a dialectical method, which is due to the need for analysis and generalization of certain aspects of scientific knowledge that analyze the availability of water resources in different parts of the world. Structural-functional analysis of the principle of systematic study of phenomena and processes is applied. With the help of the system-analytical method, the maintenance of the territories (areas) of Ukraine by local water resources is calculated, on average, per year, this m3 per person, based on the resource of surface water, as well as the exploration and catchment of groundwater. The decomposition of criteria for assessing the effectiveness of water resources management at the territorial level based on the integral territorial index is developed. According to the numerical value of the integrated territorial efficiency index, it is proposed to combine regions into homogeneous groups depending on the proximity or distance from the average value of this index.

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Arsenault, Kristi R., Shraddhanand Shukla, Abheera Hazra, Augusto Getirana, Amy McNally, Sujay V. Kumar, Randal D. Koster, et al. "The NASA Hydrological Forecast System for Food and Water Security Applications." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): E1007—E1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0264.1.

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Abstract Many regions in Africa and the Middle East are vulnerable to drought and to water and food insecurity, motivating agency efforts such as the U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) to provide early warning of drought events in the region. Each year these warnings guide life-saving assistance that reaches millions of people. A new NASA multimodel, remote sensing–based hydrological forecasting and analysis system, NHyFAS, has been developed to support such efforts by improving the FEWS NET’s current early warning capabilities. NHyFAS derives its skill from two sources: (i) accurate initial conditions, as produced by an offline land modeling system through the application and/or assimilation of various satellite data (precipitation, soil moisture, and terrestrial water storage), and (ii) meteorological forcing data during the forecast period as produced by a state-of-the-art ocean–land–atmosphere forecast system. The land modeling framework used is the Land Information System (LIS), which employs a suite of land surface models, allowing multimodel ensembles and multiple data assimilation strategies to better estimate land surface conditions. An evaluation of NHyFAS shows that its 1–5-month hindcasts successfully capture known historic drought events, and it has improved skill over benchmark-type hindcasts. The system also benefits from strong collaboration with end-user partners in Africa and the Middle East, who provide insights on strategies to formulate and communicate early warning indicators to water and food security communities. The additional lead time provided by this system will increase the speed, accuracy, and efficacy of humanitarian disaster relief, helping to save lives and livelihoods.

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Usarov, U. A., and N. O. Alimova. "AGRICULTURAL AND WATERING SYSTEM OF SAMARKAND IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY AND THE EARLY XX CENTURY." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 07 (July 30, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-07-03.

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This article analyzes agricultural and land-water relations in the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries of Samarkand region on the basis number of sources, literature and research studies. The article provides information about the Zarafshan River, which was the region's main source of irrigation its tributaries and other water systems. There were presented traditions of irrigated agriculture in the region, types of agricultural products, rules of their cultivation, irrigation procedures and harvest time. The article also analyzes the agrarian policy of the Russian Empire which is connected with colonial interests in the Samarkand region and its consequences.

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Qin, Guibin. "Research on Ultra-low Permeability Oil Development System Based on Oilfield Fracturing Water Displacement System." E3S Web of Conferences 352 (2022): 01072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235201072.

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In order to realize the effective water injection development of oilfield reservoirs, large-scale fracturing technology was introduced. The simulation confirmed that the large-scale fracturing well has the characteristics of high initial production, fast water injection effect, and rapid water cut rise after the effect., the research results show that compared with elastic development, water injection development can solve the problem of rapid formation energy depletion, and at the same time increase the reservoir producing area and displacement time. The final water content of water injection huff and puff is about 25% lower than that of conventional water injection, and advanced water injection can increase the production of conventional elastic development by about 30% in the early stage. It can be seen that these two new development methods are conducive to suppressing water flooding and improving oil recovery.

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Wicaksana, Muhammad Akbar, and Hilal Hudan Nuha. "PREDICTION, MONITORING, AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEM OF WATER LEVELS IN FLOOD PROGRAM AREAS IN BANJARMASIN USING IoT AND LINEAR REGRESSION." JURNAL SOCIUS 11, no. 2 (October 15, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/js.v11i2.14576.

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Banjarmasin is a city of a thousand rivers, floods often occur due to high tides and accompanied by rain. An early warning system is needed for monitoring and predicting river tides, especially in rivers that are prone to disasters. This study aims to develop an early warning system for river water levels using IoT and predicting linear regression analysis. The research method is through the manufacture of the NodeMCU V3 early warning system device , Microcontroller, and Ultrasonic A02YYUW. Monitoring to collect water level data at high tide is carried out on the banks of the river, then predictions are made using simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that an early warning system for river water levels at high tide can be read in the A02YYUW ultrasonic sensor database which is sent to the Mysql database. Water surface distance data with tools are used to predict early warning, simple regression analysis shows significant results on the t test and simple linear regression equation = 29.472 - 0.061 X + e. This means that the river water level at high tide approaches an early warning tool, namely an ultrasonic sensor. The conclusion of this study is that an IoT-based early warning system combined with simple linear regression can monitor and predict river water level rise.

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Wang, X., A. B. Eberhardt, E. Gallucci, and K. Scrivener. "Assessment of early age properties of cementitious system through isopropanol–water replacement in the mixing water." Cement and Concrete Research 84 (June 2016): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.02.009.

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K, Sasinath, Abigeshwar F, Abdhul Kalaam M, and Ramkumar R. "STM32 BASED WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem26015.

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Water is a precious and essential resource for all life on Earth. Ensuring the quality of water is vital for human health, environmental sustainability, and various industrial applications. This project introduces a novel STM32-based Water Quality Monitoring System designed to address the need for continuous and real-time monitoring of water parameters in various settings like pH and electrical conductivity sensors. The STM32-based Water Quality Monitoring System offers several advantages, including early detection of water pollution, enabling prompt action to mitigate environmental damage and health risks. It provides historical data for trend analysis, aiding in the identification of long-term water quality patterns and trends. Additionally, it reduces the need for manual sampling and laboratory testing, thus lowering operational costs for water treatment facilities. Furthermore, the system is highly adaptable and can be integrated into a variety of water management scenarios, including municipal water supplies, industrial processes, aquaculture, and environmental monitoring. It promotes sustainable water resource management by ensuring that water quality remains within safe and regulated standards In summary, this project presents an innovative STM32-Based Water Quality Monitoring System that leverages advanced microcontroller technology to address the critical issue of water quality monitoring. Key Words: water quality, stm32, pH sensor, conductivity sensor, aquaculture

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Vélez, Carlos, Leonardo Alfonso, Arlex Sánchez, Alberto Galvis, and Gilberto Sepúlveda. "Centinela: an early warning system for the water quality of the Cauca River." Journal of Hydroinformatics 16, no. 6 (June 5, 2014): 1409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2014.127.

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The Cauca River is the drinking water source for 1.3 million inhabitants of the city of Cali, Colombia. Although the river discharge is sufficient to handle the water demand of the city all year long, significant water pollution events cause frequent disruption to the Puerto Mallarino Treatment Plant (PMTP) and the water supply service, with substantial social and economic impacts on the city. The sources of pollution include wastewater discharges upstream of the PMTP and important sediment transport from the upstream sub-catchments during heavy rainfall events. Both situations can lead to a closure of the PMTP when the presence of a pollution plume at its intake is evident. This paper presents the design and prototype of a water quality early warning system to anticipate the peaks of pollution in the river, in order to assist the operators in taking timely informed decisions about the operation of the treatment plant. As the published experiences of early warning systems for similar water pollution problems are very limited, the approach to solve the problem using hydroinformatics technologies is worth documenting for utility companies with a similar problem.

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Rusdi, Muhammad, Meidi Wani Lestari, Yuvina, and Fitria Nova Hulu. "River Flood Early Warning System Based on Internet of Things in Binjai City." International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) 2, no. 4 (January 11, 2023): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v2i4.161.

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Flood is an event of inundation of land, which is usually dry, by water originating from water sources around the land. Binjai City is an area prone to flash floods. This is because in Binjai City there are 5 (five) upstream rivers namely the Bingei river, Mencirim river, Bangkatan river, Diski river and Rambai river. A flood early warning system is a series of systems that function to notify an impending flood disaster. With the existence of a flood early warning system, it can provide information to the community and can reduce victims or losses due to the community's unpreparedness in dealing with flood disasters. This study aims to create a prototype of a river flood early warning system based on the internet of things (IoT). The method used is to design and create a flood early warning system prototype, then perform system testing. The system is designed using the Arduino Mega2560 microcontroller as the system control center, the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors and the ESP32-Cam camera module as system input, as well as buzzer, LCD and website as system output. The transmission medium used is wireless via a 4G WiFi Modem connected to the internet. System prototype testing will be carried out in the Bangkatan river area in Binjai City. From the results of the discussion, it was found that the river flood warning system using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and the ESP32-Cam camera module based on the Internet of Things was successfully designed and implemented in prototype form and worked well. Ultrasonic sensors work well in measuring river water level with an average error percentage of 3.642%. The ESP32-Cam camera module works well in capturing images of river water conditions up to a distance of 200 cm. (9 pt).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Early water system'

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