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Journal articles on the topic 'Early stimulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Reina, Ana Lucia Vinueza. "Early Stimulation in Learning Activation on Early Childhood." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 02 (February 10, 2020): 579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i2/pr200372.

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2

Battaglia, Carmen L. "Early neurological stimulation." Journal of Veterinary Behavior 3, no. 4 (July 2008): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2007.12.006.

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3

Muralidharan, Rajalakshmi. "Early childhood stimulation." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 59, no. 6 (November 1992): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02859396.

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4

Short, Margaret Anne. "Vestibular Stimulation as Early Experience:." Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics 5, no. 2 (July 30, 1985): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j006v05n02_09.

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5

Short, Margaret Anne. "Vestibular Stimulation as Early Experience:." Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics 5, no. 2-3 (January 1985): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j006v05n02_09.

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6

Nair, M. K. C., Suja Mathews, Babu George, Elsie Philip, and N. Sathy. "Early stimulation: C.D.C. trivandrum model." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 59, no. 6 (November 1992): 663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02859395.

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7

Farah, Martha J., Saul Sternberg, Thomas A. Nichols, Jeffrey T. Duda, Terry Lohrenz, Yi Luo, Libbie Sonnier, Sharon L. Ramey, Read Montague, and Craig T. Ramey. "Randomized Manipulation of Early Cognitive Experience Impacts Adult Brain Structure." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 33, no. 6 (May 1, 2021): 1197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01709.

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Abstract Does early exposure to cognitive and linguistic stimulation impact brain structure? Or do genetic predispositions account for the co-occurrence of certain neuroanatomical phenotypes and a tendency to engage children in cognitively stimulating activities? Low socioeconomic status infants were randomized to either 5 years of cognitively and linguistically stimulating center-based care or a comparison condition. The intervention resulted in large and statistically significant changes in brain structure measured in midlife, particularly for male individuals. These findings are the first to extend the large literature on cognitive enrichment effects on animal brains to humans, and to demonstrate the effects of uniquely human features such as linguistic stimulation.

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8

Arriagada, Hernan Montenegro. "Early Stimulation Programs in Latin America." International Journal of Mental Health 18, no. 3 (September 1989): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207411.1989.11449132.

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9

Gebhard, F., M. Rösch, W. Strecker, M. Helm, K. H. Bock, L. Kinzl, and U. B. Brückner. "Early macrophage stimulation following major injury." Shock 7, Supplement (March 1997): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-199703001-00153.

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10

Ward, Alex R., and Nataliya Shkuratova. "Russian Electrical Stimulation: The Early Experiments." Physical Therapy 82, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 1019–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/82.10.1019.

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Abstract Russian forms of electrical stimulation became popular to a large extent as a result of the activities of Kots, who claimed force gains of up to 40% in elite athletes as a result of what was then a new form of stimulation. He did not provide details of his published work, nor did he give references. Russian electrical stimulation became popular despite the lack of research in the English-language literature. No studies published in English examined whether the “10/50/10” treatment regimen (10 seconds of stimulation followed by 50 seconds rest, repeated for 10 minutes) advocated by Kots is optimal, and only one study addressed whether maximum muscle torque was produced at an alternating current frequency of 2.5 kHz. The few studies that compared low-frequency monophasic pulsed current and Russian electrical stimulation are inconclusive. This article reviews and provides details of the original studies by Kots and co-workers. The authors contend that these studies laid the foundations for the use of Russian forms of electrical stimulation in physical therapy. The authors conclude that there are data in the Russian-language literature that support the use of Russian electrical stimulation but that some questions remain unanswered.

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11

Walker, S. P. "Commentary: Early stimulation and child development." International Journal of Epidemiology 39, no. 1 (October 28, 2009): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyp316.

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12

Nishino, T., and Y. Honda. "Time-dependent responses of expiration reflex in cats." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 2 (August 1, 1986): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.2.430.

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We investigated the effectiveness of the “expiration reflex” in 10 anesthetized spontaneously breathing cats. The expiration reflex was produced by mechanical stimulation of the vocal folds and electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve at different moments in the respiratory cycle and at various levels of respiratory chemical drive. The effectiveness of the expiration reflex was evaluated from sudden changes in expiratory flow immediately following the stimulation. Both mechanical and electrical stimulations given during early inspiration caused little or no expiratory efforts, whereas stimulations given during early expiration or hypocapnic apnea produced a typical expiration reflex. Changes in arterial CO2 and O2 partial pressures influenced neither the relationships between the stimulation and its effect on the expiration reflex nor the strength of the expiration reflex. These results indicate that the timing of stimulation with relation to the phase of the respiratory cycle is critical to its effect on the expiration reflex and that changes in respiratory chemical drive do not modify the expiration reflex characteristics.

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Hernández, Yrene Cecilia Uribe. "Early stimulation and emotional intelligence and its incidence in communication learning at the initial level." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v12i1.201023.

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14

Ishijima, S., K. Kita, and M. Tatibana. "External Mg2+-dependent early stimulation of nucleotide synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 257, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): C1113—C1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.6.c1113.

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In quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells, metabolic flux through phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate into nucleotides increased within 1 h when various growth factors were added (S. Ishijima, K. Kita, N. Kinoshita, T. Ishizuka, N. Suzuki, and M. Tatibana. J. Biochem. 104: 570-575, 1988). The divalent cation ionophore A23187 mimicked the stimulatory effect of epidermal growth factor plus insulin, thereby suggesting involvement of divalent cation mobilization in signaling the stimulation by the growth factors. The stimulation induced by the growth factors was nil in medium devoid of added Mg2+ but was not affected by the omission of Ca2+. The dependency on external Mg2+ was also observed with the stimulations by bombesin plus insulin, fibroblast growth factor, and A23187. In contrast, the mitogenic stimulation of glycolysis was observed irrespective of the presence or absence of Mg2+, indicating that initial events in the signaling process, including mitogen binding to receptors, took place in the absence of exogenous Mg2+. These results suggest that a Mg2(+)-dependent process, subsequent to growth factor binding to receptors, plays an essential role in signaling the early mitogenic stimulation of nucleotide synthesis.

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15

El Tahry, Riëm, Martin Hirsch, Kenou Van Rijckevorsel, Susana Ferrao Santos, Marianne de Tourtchaninoff, Herbert Rooijakkers, Volker Coenen, and Andreas Schulze-Bonhage. "Early experiences with tachycardia-triggered vagus nerve stimulation using the AspireSR stimulator." Epileptic Disorders 18, no. 2 (June 2016): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/epd.2016.0831.

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16

Zheng, Zhe, Yongjie Li, Jianyu Li, Yuqing Zhang, Xiaohua Zhang, and Ping Zhuang. "Stimulation-Induced Dyskinesia in the Early Stage after Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation." Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 88, no. 1 (2010): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000260077.

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17

Sansalvador Garrido, Jordi. "Early Stimulation in Mental Deficiency. (B.Sc. Thesis)." Quaderns de Psicologia, no. 12 (September 25, 2009): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.447.

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18

Lyne, Christopher J., and Mark F. Bellinger. "Early Experience with Transurethral Electrical Bladder Stimulation." Journal of Urology 150, no. 2 Part 2 (August 1993): 697–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35589-1.

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19

Fernández-Teruel, Alberto, Lydia Giménez-Llort, Rosa M. Escorihuela, Luis Gil, Raúl Aguilar, Thierry Steimer, and Adolf Tobeña. "Early-life handling stimulation and environmental enrichment." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 73, no. 1 (August 2002): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00787-6.

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20

Schoon, Adee. "Investigating the effect of early neurological stimulation." Journal of Veterinary Behavior 4, no. 6 (November 2009): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2009.05.001.

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21

Olusanya, Bolajoko O., Tony Sirimanna, and Bradley McPherson. "Timely sensory stimulation and early childhood development." Lancet 390, no. 10113 (December 2017): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32410-8.

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22

Sanz Aparicio, María Teresa, and Javier Menéndez Balaña. "Social early stimulation of trisomy‐21 babies." Early Child Development and Care 173, no. 5 (October 2003): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443032000088221.

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23

Partanen, J. "Early rostral responses to translaminar spinal stimulation." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 103, no. 1 (July 1997): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4694(97)88527-x.

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24

Wen, Yongxin, Haibo Yang, and Xinhua Bao. "Deep brain stimulation for early-onset dystonia." Brain Science Advances 5, no. 1 (March 2019): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2096595819896199.

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is considered as a treatment option for many neurological diseases. Many patients with movement disorders exhibit remarkable improvement after DBS. Owing to its minimally invasive nature, reversibility, and adjustability, DBS has been increasingly used over the past several decades. Dystonia is one of the most common movement disorders among children, and there is no effective treatment. Recently, some surgeon groups have performed DBS surgery for children. However, the outcomes of DBS in children are not well characterized. Here we mainly discuss the efficacy of DBS against childhood-onset dystonia and introduce the main procedure of pediatric DBS based on our own experience.

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25

Yue, Ai, Yaojiang Shi, Renfu Luo, Boya Wang, Ann Weber, Alexis Medina, Sarah Kotb, and Scott Rozelle. "Stimulation and Early Child Development in China." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 40, no. 6 (2019): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000000678.

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26

Yonemori, K., S. Matsunaga, Y. Ishidou, S. Maeda, and H. Yoshida. "Early effects of electrical stimulation on osteogenesis." Bone 19, no. 2 (August 1996): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(96)00169-x.

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27

García Lirios, Cruz. "Early stimulation in female heads of household." Jurnal Psikologi TALENTA 6, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/talenta.v6i2.19855.

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The exploration of the structure of relations between variables that explain the process of early stimulation was the objective of the present work. A non-experimental study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of 100 students, considering their participation in a family planning and entrepreneurship program. A composition of eight factors was found: values, beliefs, perceptions, knowledge, abilities, attitudes, intentions and behaviors that explained 45% of the total variance, but the design of the research limited the findings to the scenario suggesting the inclusion of factors that Literature identifies as parenting styles in terms of volitional theories.

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28

Kelly, K. "Immediate-early genes induced by antigen receptor stimulation." Current Opinion in Immunology 7, no. 3 (1995): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0952-7915(95)80106-5.

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29

Olanow, C. Warren, Anthony H. V. Schapira, and Olivier Rascol. "Continuous dopamine-receptor stimulation in early Parkinson's disease." Trends in Neurosciences 23 (October 2000): S117—S126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-1931(00)00030-6.

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30

Charles, David, Peter E. Konrad, Thomas L. Davis, Joseph S. Neimat, Mallory L. Hacker, and Stuart G. Finder. "Deep brain stimulation in early stage Parkinson's disease." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 21, no. 3 (March 2015): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.10.032.

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31

Oliveria, Seth F. "The dark history of early deep brain stimulation." Lancet Neurology 17, no. 9 (September 2018): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30237-0.

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32

Hacker, Mallory L., Maxim Turchan, Lauren E. Heusinkveld, Amanda D. Currie, Sarah H. Millan, Anna L. Molinari, Peter E. Konrad, et al. "Deep brain stimulation in early-stage Parkinson disease." Neurology 95, no. 4 (June 29, 2020): e393-e401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000009946.

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ObjectiveTo report 5-year outcomes from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in early-stage Parkinson disease (PD) pilot clinical trial.MethodsThe pilot was a prospective, single-blind clinical trial that randomized patients with early-stage PD (Hoehn & Yahr II off medications) to receive bilateral STN DBS plus optimal drug therapy (ODT) vs ODT alone (IDEG050016, NCT0282152, IRB040797). Participants who completed the 2-year trial participated in this observational follow-up study, which included annual outpatient visits through 5 years. This analysis includes 28 patients who were taking PD medications for 6 months to 4 years at enrollment. Outcomes were analyzed using both proportional odds logistic regression and linear mixed effects models.ResultsEarly STN DBS + ODT participants required lower levodopa equivalent daily doses (p = 0.04, β = −240 mg, 95% confidence interval [CI] −471 to −8) and had 0.06 times the odds of requiring polypharmacy at 5 years compared to early ODT participants (p = 0.01, odds ratio [OR] 0.06, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.65). The odds of having worse rest tremor for early STN DBS + ODT participants were 0.21 times those of early ODT participants (p < 0.001, OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.45). The safety profile was similar between groups.ConclusionsThese results suggest that early DBS reduces the need for and complexity of PD medications while providing long-term motor benefit over standard medical therapy. Further investigation is warranted, and the Food and Drug Administration has approved the conduct of a prospective, multicenter, pivotal clinical trial of DBS in early-stage PD (IDEG050016).Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that DBS implanted in early-stage PD decreases the risk of disease progression and polypharmacy compared to optimal medical therapy alone.

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Hammelman, J. E., B. C. Bowker, A. L. Grant, J. C. Forrest, A. P. Schinckel, and D. E. Gerrard. "Early postmortem electrical stimulation simulates PSE pork development." Meat Science 63, no. 1 (January 2003): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1740(02)00057-8.

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34

Soublett, Anicia Hernández. "Early stimulation of the amputed member patient lower." Journal of Cardiology & Current Research 11, no. 6 (December 14, 2018): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jccr.2018.11.00414.

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35

KAUFMAN, GALEN D. "Activation of Immediate Early Genes by Vestibular Stimulation." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 781, no. 1 Lipids and Sy (June 1996): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb15718.x.

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36

Caulfield, Rick. "Beneficial Effects of Tactile Stimulation on Early Development." Early Childhood Education Journal 27, no. 4 (1999): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ecej.0000003363.47446.d2.

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37

Parker, Alasdair. "Intracranial stimulation for children with epilepsy-early days." European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 21, no. 1 (January 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.11.014.

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38

Thiel, Gerald, Lara Wagner, Myriam Ulrich, and Oliver G. Rössler. "Immediate-early transcriptional response to insulin receptor stimulation." Biochemical Pharmacology 192 (October 2021): 114696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114696.

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39

Sasegbon, Ayodele, Ivy Cheng, Mengqing Zhang, and Shaheen Hamdy. "Advances in the Use of Neuromodulation for Neurogenic Dysphagia: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Application of Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 29, no. 2S (July 10, 2020): 1044–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00073.

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Purpose The swallowing motor system and, specifically, its cortical substrates appear to have certain unique properties that make it highly susceptible to brain plasticity, both driven and following injury. Furthermore, neurogenic dysphagia is a common complication of brain disease, associated with poor outcomes, and yet treatment options remain limited. Therefore, translating the physiology of neurostimulation into clinical populations becomes imperative. In this review, we describe therapeutic application of neuroplasticity in the human swallowing motor system by initially examining the role of pharyngeal electrical stimulation from a mechanistic perspective and then reporting on clinical studies using this approach. Thereafter, we explore the application of noninvasive brain stimulation, which has previously been used to treat nervous system disorders such as depression, pain modulation, and cognitive impairment. Transcranial brain stimulations, in particular, transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation, have been utilized by a number of investigators for rehabilitation in early-stage clinical trials, including dysphagia after neurological disease. In this review, we assess its usefulness in neurogenic dysphagia. Conclusion Early studies indicate these emerging neurostimulatory techniques hold future therapeutic promise. However, both a greater number of and larger clinical trials are required to provide evidence delineating their efficacy and scope of application.

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40

Smith, L. W., and K. H. McDonough. "Inotropic sensitivity to beta-adrenergic stimulation in early sepsis." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 255, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): H699—H703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.4.h699.

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In early sepsis, maintenance of in vivo cardiovascular performance is at least partly dependent on sympathetic support to hearts with intrinsic contractile defects. Yet prolonged sympathetic stimulation, as occurs in sepsis, would be expected to alter the heart's ability to respond to this stimulation. We have investigated myocardial inotropic sensitivity to beta-adrenergic stimulation in a model of sepsis in which animals, at the time studied, exhibited bacteremia, normal arterial blood pressure and cardiac output, elevated heart rate, and elevated plasma catecholamines. Intrinsic myocardial contractile function, as assessed by the maximal rate of left ventricular pressure development (LV dP/dtmax) in an isovolumically contracting heart preparation, was significantly depressed in septic animals. To determine whether hearts from septic animals could respond normally to beta-adrenergic stimulation, we studied inotropic response to a bolus of isoproterenol in these isolated hearts. With maximal isoproterenol stimulation, hearts from septic animals were able to attain the same dP/dtmax as were hearts from control animals. With lower levels of isoproterenol, there was also no difference in inotropic indexes between the two groups when response was expressed as a percent of the maximal increase in dP/dtmax achieved with isoproterenol. These results suggest that in early sepsis, despite intrinsic myocardial contractile dysfunction, the ability of the heart to modulate its inotropic state in response in beta-adrenergic stimulation is intact.

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41

Aversa, Raffaella, Roberto Sorrentino, and Antonio Apicella. "New Biomimetic Hybrid Nanocomposites for early Fixation Prostheses." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.487.

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The research develops and tests new hybrid biomimetic materials that work as mechanically stimulating "scaffolds" to promote early regeneration in implanted bone healing phases. A biomimetic nanostructured osteoconductive material coated apparatus is presented. Bioinspired approaches to materials and templated growth of hybrid networks using self-assembled hybrid organic-inorganic interfaces is finalized to extend the use of hybrids in the medical field. Combined in vivo, in vitro and computer aided simulations have been carried out. A new experimental methodology for the identification of design criteria for new innovative prosthetic implant systems is presented. The new implant design minimizes the invasiveness of treatments while improving implant functional integration. A new bioactive ceramo-polymeric hybrid material was used to modify odontostomatological Titanium implants in order to promote early fixation, biomechanical stimulation for improved scaffold mineralization and ossification. It is a hybrid ceramo-polymeric nanocomposites based on Hydroxyl-Ethyl-Methacrylate polymer (pHEMA) filled with nanosilica particles that have shown biomimetic characteristics. This material swells in presence of aqueous physiological solution leading to the achievement of two biomechanical functions: prosthesis early fixation after and bone growth stimulation. Such multidisciplinary approach explores novel ideas in modelling, design and fabrication of new nanostructured biomaterials with enhanced functionality and improved interaction with OB cells

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42

Noorsal, E., S. Z. Yahaya, Z. Hussain, R. Boudville, M. N. Ibrahim, and Y. Mohd Ali. "Analytical study of flexible stimulation waveforms in muscle fatigue reduction." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp690-703.

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This paper presents the analytical study of flexible stimulation waveforms in muscle fatigue reduction for functional electrical stimulator (FES)-assisted hemiplegic muscle activities. The major challenge of muscle contraction induced by FES is early muscle fatigue which greatly limits activities such as FES-assisted standing and walking. The fixed stimulation pattern applied on a same motor unit has resulted the motor unit to be overworked and fatigue easily. Therefore, in this work, the stimulus parameters, which include the pulse width duration and the frequency were varied to create a few flexible stimulation waveforms using MATLAB/Simulink. The pulse width duration was modulated from 100µs – 500µs to generate five types of flexible stimulation waveforms such as Rectangular, Trapezoidal, Ramp Up, Ramp Down and Triangular. Concurrently, a few ranges of stimulus frequency were also used, which include 20Hz, 30Hz and 50Hz. The generated flexible stimulation waveforms were applied onto a humanoid muscle model to investigate and analyse the muscle output response and early muscle fatigue reduction. From the conducted simulation results and analyses, it was observed that flexible stimulation waveforms such as Triangular, Ramp Up and Ramp Down could reduce early muscle fatigue phenomenon by having lower average of negative slope, in the range of 0.012 to 0.013 for the muscle fitness. In contrast, the Rectangular and Trapezoidal shapes were found to have higher negative slope of muscle fitness in the range of 0.028 to 0.031. The Ramp Down shape was found to have the lowest average of negative slope (0.012) while Rectangular was found to have the highest average of negative slope (0.031). Therefore, it can be concluded that flexible stimulation waveforms such Ramp Down, Ramp Up and Triangular shapes could reduce early muscle fatigue phenomenon with Ramp Down shape having the highest muscle fatigue reduction.

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43

Shmuel, Dean, Sebastian M. Frank, Haggai Sharon, Yuka Sasaki, Takeo Watanabe, and Nitzan Censor. "Early Visual Cortex Stimulation Modifies Well-Consolidated Perceptual Gains." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 1 (August 15, 2020): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa215.

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Abstract Perception thresholds can improve through repeated practice with visual tasks. Can an already acquired and well-consolidated perceptual skill be noninvasively neuromodulated, unfolding the neural mechanisms involved? Here, leveraging the susceptibility of reactivated memories ranging from synaptic to systems levels across learning and memory domains and animal models, we used noninvasive brain stimulation to neuromodulate well-consolidated reactivated visual perceptual learning and reveal the underlying neural mechanisms. Subjects first encoded and consolidated the visual skill memory by performing daily practice sessions with the task. On a separate day, the consolidated visual memory was briefly reactivated, followed by low-frequency, inhibitory 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over early visual cortex, which was individually localized using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Poststimulation perceptual thresholds were measured on the final session. The results show modulation of perceptual thresholds following early visual cortex stimulation, relative to control stimulation. Consistently, resting state functional connectivity between trained and untrained parts of early visual cortex prior to training predicted the magnitude of perceptual threshold modulation. Together, these results indicate that even previously consolidated human perceptual memories are susceptible to neuromodulation, involving early visual cortical processing. Moreover, the opportunity to noninvasively neuromodulate reactivated perceptual learning may have important clinical implications.

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Miyagi, Yasushi, and Yu Koike. "Tolerance of early pallidal stimulation in pediatric generalized dystonia." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 12, no. 5 (November 2013): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.8.peds12578.

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The authors report on 2 cases of pediatric generalized dystonia with a DYT1 mutation; the patients, an 11-year-old girl and a 9-year-old boy, underwent chronic, pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi). The dystonic postures in both cases showed dramatic improvements with pallidal DBS, but each patient's symptoms gradually recurred within a year, irrespective of exhaustive readjustments of the stimulation settings. After the recurrence of the dystonic symptoms, the DBS leads were replaced within the GPi in one patient (Case 1) and additional DBS leads were implanted into the bilateral subthalamic nuclei in the other patient (Case 2). Neither measure produced any further clinical benefit, and the patient in Case 2 died of status dystonicus 2 days after reoperation. These findings suggest that early pallidal DBS for pediatric dystonia is indeed effective, although there are some cases in which its therapeutic effect is lost. One possible reason may be the ability of the preadolescent brain to tolerate chronic electrical stimuli during the active maturation process.

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45

LEESON, S., R. J. ETCHES, and J. D. SUMMERS. "DEVELOPMENT OF LEGHORN PULLETS SUBJECTED TO EARLY LIGHT STIMULATION." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 4 (December 1, 1988): 1267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas88-142.

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Leghorn pullets of a commercial strain were reared in cages maintained in rooms providing either 8 or 14 h d−1 light. At 92 d, 12 birds identified as light (L) or heavy (H) weight from within each room were blood sampled for assay of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH). Subsequent samples were taken at 3- or 4-d intervals to 120 d of age. Another group of 12 L and 12 H birds were blood sampled at 92 d from within the 8 h light environment. These birds were again blood sampled at 99 d and then moved to laying cages and photostimulated with 14 h light per day. Birds were blood sampled for LH assay after 3 d and 7 d and then at 7-d intervals to 140 d of age. This general procedure was repeated with birds photostimulated at 102, 106, 109, 113, 116, 120, 123, 127 and 130 d of age. Thus, 10 groups of heavy birds and 10 groups of light birds were blood sampled prior to, at time of, and subsequent to light stimulation. Mean LH values for birds maintained on 18 h light throughout rearing were 1.5–2.0 ng mL−1 whereas with 14 h light throughout rearing values of 1.5–2.5 ng mL−1 were observed. Photostimulation had the same general effect on plasma LH regardless of body weight or bird age. After 3 or 4 d light stimulation there was a dramatic increase of some 100% in LH levels. Earlier photostimulation resulted in earlier age at 1st egg. For light weight birds, maturity was linearly advanced by 0.44 d for each day advance in photostimulation; a quadratic response was seen with heavy birds. Although photostimulation caused almost immediate changes in LH (P < 0.05) age at first egg lagged by some considerable time. These data do not indicate an absolute physiological (chronological) time limit for early sexual maturity, although it is likely close to 100 d of age. Key words: Pullet, luteinizing hormone, sexual maturity

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Buettner, Linda L., Suzanne Fitzsimmons, Serdar Atav, and Kaycee Sink. "Cognitive Stimulation for Apathy in Probable Early-Stage Alzheimer's." Journal of Aging Research 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/480890.

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We studied changes in apathy among 77 community-dwelling older persons with mild memory loss in a randomized clinical trial comparing two nonpharmacological interventions over four weeks. The study used a pre-post design with randomization by site to avoid contamination and diffusion of effect. Interventions were offered twice weekly after baseline evaluations were completed. The treatment group received classroom style mentally stimulating activities (MSAs) while the control group received a structured early-stage social support (SS) group. The results showed that the MSA group had significantly lower levels of apathy (P<.001) and significantly lower symptoms of depression (P<.001). While both groups improved on quality of life, the MSA group was significantly better (P=.02) than the SS group. Executive function was not significantly different for the two groups at four weeks, but general cognition improved for the MSA group and declined slightly for the SS group which produced a significant posttest difference (P<.001). Recruitment and retention of SS group members was difficult in this project, especially in senior center locations, while this was not the case for the MSA group. The examination of the data at this four-week time point shows promising results that the MSA intervention may provide a much needed method of reducing apathy and depressive symptoms, while motivating participation and increasing quality of life.

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Goonewardene, M., and K. Hanwellage. "Fetal acoustic stimulation test for early intrapartum fetal monitoring." Ceylon Medical Journal 56, no. 1 (March 28, 2011): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v56i1.2889.

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Hwang, Soon-Jung. "Electrical Stimulation for Early Bone Formation After Distraction Osteogenesis." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 63, no. 8 (August 2005): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2005.05.264.

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Shigihara, Yoshihito, Hideyuki Hoshi, and Semir Zeki. "Early visual cortical responses produced by checkerboard pattern stimulation." NeuroImage 134 (July 2016): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.078.

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Mohamed, Mohamed Ragaa, and Edward G. Niles. "UUUUUNU Stimulation of Vaccinia Virus Early Gene Transcription Termination." Journal of Biological Chemistry 278, no. 41 (July 30, 2003): 39534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m306048200.

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