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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Early Rome'
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Armstrong, Jeremy. "Warlords and generals : war and society in early Rome /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/605.
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Wallace, John C. "Rome's rationale for persecuting the early church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.
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Valleskey, Karl. "Rome and early Christianity perception and prejudice /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014377.
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Gartrell, Amber Clare Harriet. "Caesar's Castor : the cult of the Dioscuri in Rome from the mid-Republic to the early Principate." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4e5313ca-ab1a-4621-8906-00fa6f573cc5.
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This thesis examines the development of the cult of the Dioscuri in Rome from the mid-Republic to the end of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. This was a period of great political and social upheaval and of religious change. Through a detailed examination of the cult of the Dioscuri, I trace how the cult developed and adapted in conjunction with religious, political and cultural changes within Roman society. I furthermore examine how the cult changed and explore the reasons why those changes occurred at that time and in that place. Chapter One surveys the two temples of Castor and Pollux in Rome, focusing in particular on their temple in the Roman Forum. Using archaeological and literary evidence, I argue that this temple was a central stage for many of the pivotal events and speeches of the late Republic. Chapter Two examines the epiphanies of the Dioscuri, most commonly associated with battles and their aftermath, although later appearing to commemorate the deaths of prominent individuals such as Julius Caesar and Drusus the Elder. I examine how the epiphanic tradition of the Dioscuri changed over time and ask why it was these gods in particular who rode to aid Rome. Chapter Three turns to exploring the relationships Castor and Pollux were said to possess with groups in Roman society, in particular horsemen, boxers and sailors. I examine how these relationships were formed and publicised and how they benefitted both the mortals and the gods. Chapter Four explores how a different aspect of the Dioscuri became prominent in the imperial period: their fraternal harmony. Castor and Pollux were linked to and compared with pairs of potential imperial successors. I explore the purposes of this comparison and how apt it was for the different pairings. Throughout this thesis, I examine some of the most prominent aspects of the cult of the Dioscuri in Rome within the wider context of history, culture and politics, arguing that the cult was a fully integrated part of Roman society as a whole.
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Steck, Andrew Nathaniel. "The concept of the populus in early medieval Rome." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6862.
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This dissertation is about the early medieval Roman populus and the ways in which early medieval popes used the concept of the populus to legitimize their activities from the start of the Laurentian Schism of 498 to the election of Formosus as pope in 891. These centuries were a time of great change for the Bishop of Rome and it is significant that textual sources link the papacy and the populus for every important event that occurred in early medieval Rome. The populus and the popes had a symbiotic relationship, as crowds participated in all manner of papal ceremonies and the papacy began to use the populus for their own propaganda and to solidify their own power. As the popes made an ever-increasing use of the symbolic meaning of the crowds to extend their authority at the expense of outside powers, those powers also attempted to harness the power of the Roman crowd for their own ends, demonstrating that the populus was a important source of power in early medieval social, religious, and political life.
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Armstrong, Jeremy Scott. "Warlords and generals : war and society in early Rome." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/605.
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This thesis will argue that the development of early Rome can be described using a sequence of large, socio-political dichotomies based on Rome's activity in the sphere of warfare. The use of dichotomies in early Roman history is not new,and indeed the confrontation between two opposing groups, typically the patricians and plebeians, can be found at the heart of even the earliest extant histories of the period. The problem which plagued these early models, and indeed many subsequent models based on their premise, is that they assumed that the same prescriptive set of social and political divisions which existed in the late Republic and early Empire also existed in early Rome. This study will discard this highly anachronistic assumption and redefine the dichotomies present in early Rome using active characteristics (i.e. behavior), rather than the prescriptive labels assigned by late republican authors. In particular, this study will attempt to view early Rome through the lens of warfare, where the formation of distinct 'in-group' and 'out-group' biases is most evident, in an effort to redraw the divisions of early Roman society. The end result of this redefining process will be an entirely different, albeit related set of socio-political groupings; for example 'mobile' vs. 'sedentary' and 'Roman' vs. 'Latin', whose interaction is visible behind much of Rome's early development.
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Coates-Stephens, Robert Edward. "Building in early medieval Rome, 500-1000 AD." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307644.
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Hoare, Katharine. "Understanding Egyptianizing obelisks : appropriation in Early Imperial Rome." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422139/.
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Re-use of ancient Egyptian architectural styles outside Egypt began in the time of the pharaohs and continues to the present day. The style draws on the structures, elements and motifs of ancient Egypt using both ancient and replica/pastiche pieces. I will argue that appropriation of the style should be seen as an active process designed to create a cultural object with specific meaning within the coeval social world. Drawing on the tenets of reception theory, I aim to explore the appropriation of Egyptian obelisks to early imperial Rome by considering the social circumstances, possible producer motivation and potential audience responses to the monuments. I will propose that the appropriation of Egyptian obelisks to Rome is a creative negotiation that prioritises particular aspects of the monument to address specific economic, political and religious circumstances within the appropriating society. At the same time it is important to consider the coeval perceptions of Egypt circulating in Rome and how these perceptions impact on the selection and reception of obelisks in the city. Central to my research is the presentation of a data set relating to fourteen obelisks appropriated to Rome, a detailed discussion of the ‘transfer vehicles’ which carried crucial information about ancient Egypt and obelisks from Egypt into the Roman world, and the identification of clusters of appropriation points within the imperial period; all of which help to create a more nuanced picture of why at least fifty obelisks were raised in Rome and how we might start to understand these acts of appropriation two thousand years later.
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Brown, C. A. "The primacy of Rome : A study of its origin and development." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382773.
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Johansen, Ida Malte. "Gift-exchange in Late Antiquity : an examination of its economic, social, and political significance, c. AD300-600." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259975.
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Thunø, Erik. "Image and relic : mediating the sacred in early medieval Rome /." Roma : L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39178939p.
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Motta, Laura. "The seeds of the Roman state : archaeobotany in early Rome." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609656.
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Tollfree, Eleanor. "Napoleon and the 'new Rome' : rebuilding Imperial Rome in the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Paris." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/ded8ef5a-315e-4e8b-b6c4-f56d6a2647da.
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In this thesis, I shall consider the influence of imperial Rome on the monumental architecture of Napoleonic Paris. Critics have often condemned Napoleonic architecture for its 'decadence,' and suggested that it illustrates the 'decline' of 'Neo-classicism' in France. Alternatively, the Napoleonic monuments have been regarded merely as propaganda for the new regime. A particular problem is that the Hellenocentric tradition of the History of Art has tended to write out the 'Romanness' of Napoleonic art. Yet a unique architectural relationship developed between Paris and Rome in the second half of the eighteenth century. Central to this relationship was the study of Roman buildings undertaken by the students at the Academie de France A Rome. The onset of the Revolution gave architects the opportunity to design 'Roman' monuments and festival structures in Paris and Rome, and the Revolutionaries embraced the iconography of the Roman Republic. However, it was only with the rise to power of Napoleon and his coronation as Emperor of the French that Paris was established as the 'new Rome'. Inspired by the building projects of the emperors of ancient Rome, Napoleon created his own 'forum' in the heart of imperial Paris. This featured the display of spoils in the 'new Capitol', the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, and nearby, the Colonne d la Grande Armee in the Place Vendome. To start with, Napoleon attempted to erect monuments which implied his affiliation to the first emperor of Rome, Augustus, who had secured his position in the name of the Republic and brought peace and prosperity to Rome. But by 1810, it was clear that the emperor Trajan represented a more appropriate imperial model for Napoleon. Trajan was renowned for his military leadership, but also for engaging Rome in constant war.
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Sillett, Andrew James. "A learned man and a patriot : the reception of Cicero in the early imperial period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a5463abd-1626-4331-9393-00282c4bcff7.
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This thesis is a literary study of how the life and works of Marcus Tullius Cicero were received in the century that followed his death. There are two ways of understanding the importance of such a study: the first is to think of it as a vital first step in assessing Cicero's impact on European thought and literature; the second is to see it as a study of how the people of early imperial Rome interacted with their Republican past. In order to provide a broad overview of this subject, I have chosen to focus on three separate areas of imperial literature which together provide a representative snapshot of Roman literary activity in this period. The period in question is essentially an extended Augustan age: beginning with Cicero's death ending in the reign of Tiberius. The first area of imperial literature under consideration is historiography. This section begins with a consideration of Sallust's decision to downplay Cicero's role in defeating the Catilinarian Conspiracy, ultimately concluding that this is authorial posturing on Sallust's part, a reflection of Cicero's importance in the years immediately following his death. This is followed by a chapter on the presence of Ciceronian allusions in Livy, arguing that they were a key means by which he enriched his narrative of the Hannibalic war. It concludes with two chapters on historiographical descriptions of Cicero's death, noting that these treatments become markedly more hagiographic the further one progresses into Tiberius' Principate. The second area under consideration is rhetoric, specifically focussing on the prominence of the declamation hall in this era. The three chapters in this section study the testimony of Valerius Maximus and Seneca the Elder, both of whom bear witness to Cicero's fundamental importance to this institution. The section concludes that the world of declamation was the prime motor for the hagiographic treatments of Cicero that was noted in the later historical accounts of his death. The third and final section considers the poetry of the Augustan era, demonstrating that a process of declining sophistication is not the whole story in Cicero's reception. By looking at Virgil and Ovid's intertextual relationships with Cicero, this section demonstrates that he was a rich source of inspiration for some of the ancient world's most erudite authors.
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Håkansson, Carina. "In search of Dionysos : reassessing a Dionysian context in early Rome /." Göteborg : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/22099.
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Smith, C. J. "Early Rome and Latium c1000 to 500 B.C. : economy and society." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332883.
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Manor, Timothy Scott Calhoun. "Epiphanius' Alogi and the question of early ecclesiastical opposition to the Johannine Corpus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6426.
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The Johannine literature has been a cornerstone of Christian theology throughout the history of the church. However it is often argued that the church in the late second century and early third century was actually opposed to these writings because of questions concerning their authorship and role within “heterodox” theologies. Despite the axiomatic status that this so-called “Johannine Controversy” has achieved, there is surprisingly little evidence to suggest that the early church actively opposed the Johannine corpus. This thesis is a detailed study of the primary evidence recorded by the fourthcentury Church Father, Epiphanius of Salamis, which is the earliest record to explicitly note ecclesiastical opposition towards the Gospel and Apocalypse of John, taken together. In his Panarion, Epiphanius states that a group called the “Alogi” rejected the Gospel and Apocalypse of John, and attributed both to the heretic Cerinthus. He does not record any identifying features of this group’s provenance, theology or constituency; rather he only notes two objections that these Alogi had against the Gospel of John, and three against the Apocalypse. The identity of this group remained a mystery for centuries until consideration was given to the testimonies of two later Syrian writers who indicate that a certain “Gaius” made similar criticisms against the Gospel and Apocalypse of John in a debate with Hippolytus of Rome. As a result, the consensus view throughout modern scholarship is that an early churchman, Gaius of Rome, was the leader of this group that sought to eradicate the Johannine corpus from the church, and that Epiphanius as well as the later Syrian writers used a work of Hippolytus, now lost, as the primary source of their information. This thesis is a careful examination of the evidence that supports the theory that the early church actively opposed the Johannine literature. Thus, particular attention is given to the testimony of Epiphanius concerning the Alogi. It is demonstrated here that when priority is given to the early evidence, the Alogi is a fictional heretical sect, created by Epiphanius from various testimonies to account for what he believed to be antagonism primarily against the Gospel of John, and secondarily the Apocalypse. The later Syrian evidence is also examined in light of the early evidence, not the other way around, as is often the case. As a result, these sources are shown to be less reliable in their portrayal of the early reception of the Johannine literature than has previously been recognized. The first section of this thesis engages the question regarding the likelihood that Epiphanius derived his knowledge of this group from an earlier work of Hippolytus. The internal and external evidence about this group suggest that it is Epiphanius’ own creation. The second section explores the testimonies of earlier writers, namely Papias, Irenaeus, Origen, Eusebius and Dionysius of Alexandria, and the way in which Epiphanius used these sources in the construction of this heresy. The third and final section critically examines the reliability of the later Syrian evidence concerning Gaius and his supposed ties to the Alogi. I argue that these later sources are not as reliable as many scholars maintain, and that Gaius of Rome was not associated with the Alogi, nor was he a heretic.
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Hunt, John Matthew. "Violence and Disorder in the Sede Vacante of Early Modern Rome, 1559-1655." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244045850.
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Levin-Richardson, Sarah. "Roman provocations : interactions with decorated spaces in early imperial Rome and Pompeii /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Santoyo, Orozco Ivonne. "Rome, before the State : architecture and persuasion in the early modern city." Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/52259/.
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Rome, before the State is a historical exploration of the role architecture has played in constructing affective relations of power. It is an attempt to trace the transformation of the city of Rome against the background of shifting state–church relations between the mid-fifteenth and mid-seventeenth centuries. This period is framed by two events: the struggle of the papacy to establish its seat of temporal power in Rome in the quattrocento and the convoluted context of the Thirty Years’ War in the mid-seventeenth century. This is the period in which an increasingly polycentric and rational, political world was emerging. Central to this work is Paolo Prodi’s critical exposé of papal power over this period, which he elaborated in Il Soverano Pontefice. While Prodi closely follows the legal, administrative, and organizational attempts by which papal power was transformed and centralized, here I will entangle this history with its spatial and sensorial correlates, which mark out a particular history of architecture. If Paolo Prodi argued that, during the period explored here, Rome became a political laboratory that influenced the process of state-building in Europe, my contention is that Rome’s contribution to modern statecraft was not restricted to its administrative practices, as Prodi emphasizes. Rather, I will argue that it was in the affective and spatial techniques of persuasion that were discovered throughout this period that a certain legacy of modern western European power could be observed. In other words, it is in early modern Rome that a new form of modern power emerged that was characterized not only by the rationalization of its practices and development of early governmental mechanisms but also by the embracement of a spatial and affective dimension to cultivate relations of allegiance through the city itself. This thesis is thus an examination of the correlation between the spatial, affective and administrative means by which the papacy began to fashion the pope as a sovereign, and Rome as the capital of the Papal States. I argue that it is in Rome during this period that the simultaneous transformations of the space of the city and of power became indistinguishable from one another. The papacy’s continuous intervention to the city of Rome set in motion over the course of these two centuries not only harnessed allegiance through the traditional means of legal and military force, but also through the cultivation of an affective grip on the life of the city’s citizens. Over this period, the papal court, I will argue, began to develop sensory and spatial techniques that subsequently became instrumental to the formation of modern state machinery. In this way, Rome, before the State, has two aims: on the one hand, it seeks to achieve a spatial extension of Prodi’s argument; and on the other hand, it is an attempt to construct a history of the spatial techniques of persuasion that the papacy developed as a means of transforming its power. In this way, the thesis is an effort to understand the affective dimensions of power which arguably precedes the emergence of the modern state, but nonetheless contributes to it. More specifically, the thesis follows three distinct spatial moments in the history of the papacy during the period that Prodi examines. I will question how three distinct popes – Eugenius IV, ruling from 1431 to 1447, Sixtus V, ruling from 1585 to 1590, and Urban VIII, pope from 1623 to 1644 – each enabled a series of transformations of the space of Rome whose resulting organizations and architectures had indirect, but nevertheless real consequences in the sphere of power. In investigating these three popes and the Rome they shaped, I will not restrict my reading to the works that they directly authored, but will also include those that they strategically enabled. In this way, what will be emphasized is the predominance of three conceptual categories that, under their respective papacies, became crucial frameworks through which to reconsider the coupling of each pope’s temporal power with the realm of spatial experience: magnificence, liturgy, and admiratio (wonder). In each case, I will provide a brief conceptual history of the concept, the historical context in which they acquired specificity, and a series of architectural and urban vignettes that collectively illustrate their broader spatialization. In tracing the theological and philosophical histories of these concepts, as well as the distinct manner in which a set of spatial interventions were deployed by the papal court, I will attempt to frame a certain relation between the secular and the theological from an architectural perspective. Throughout this work, Carl Schmitt’s famous words, “all significant concepts of the modern theory of the state are secularized theological concepts” resonate. This argument was not foreign to Walter Benjamin, nor to Max Weber, Ernst Kantorowicz and, more recently, Giorgio Agamben. In these scholars’ writings, the relation between the secular and the theological acquired a specificity through the understanding of liturgical acclamation, canon law or biblical exegesis, among other things. Yet here, this thesis proposes to contribute to our understanding of such convoluted relations by instead following the continuous interest the papal court maintained in transforming the space of the city in early modern Rome. In doing so, I underline certain persuasive techniques that lay at the heart of papal power, which were instrumental in imagining an early modern power that constituted itself through the affective and, we could say, sensual dimensions through which it operated. In following the spatialization of these categories, I begin to distance my reading of papal power from that of Prodi, to frame instead the historical basis on which I can contribute to an architectural understanding of the relation between secular and theological concepts. That is to say, what we will find in this study is that architecture and city space, more broadly, takes on the role of a conduit between the theological and the secular. In doing this, the transformation of city space becomes a crucial lens by which to understand the conditions of emergence of an early form of modern western power. While clearly attempting to contribute to a political understanding of the affective dimension of architecture, this thesis is nonetheless shaped by the intersection of architectural historiography, political theory and philosophy. It is only as such that in each moment we can ask what the role of space is in the assertion of the temporal power of the papacy. Or, to put it differently, how can our understanding of the papacy’s temporal power shed light on the political role of the experience of space? And, finally, it is in this way that we can advance conjectures as to how this period provides an image of the manner in which space, architecture, and artifacts have contributed to the early formation of modern subjectivity.
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Izzi, Luisa. "Representing Rome : the influence of Rome on aspects of the public arts of early Anglo-Saxon England (c. 600-800)." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1123/.
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This thesis focuses on the influence of Rome – both as a place and as a concept – on the public arts of early Anglo-Saxon England. It considers the visual culture of Late Antique and Early Christian Rome (and the Classical world from which these emerged) alongside Anglo-Saxon architecture and sculpture, to draw out the connections between them, the nature of the contacts that shaped the arts, and the social, political and religious ideas underlying such inspiration and changes. It thus adopts a fresh perspective from which to view Anglo-Saxon art and architecture, moving away from the earlier focus on classification and style, and setting this against the backdrop of medieval England’s connection with Rome at all levels of society. Issues of patronage are placed at the forefront of this research, and particular attention is paid to the multiplicity of possible and intentional interpretations for individual monuments, their location, and effect on patrons, artists and audiences. Evidence from the catacomb art in Rome, and the graffiti found therein, is used in relation to Anglo-Saxon England, thus providing a different approach to the transmission of influences.
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Geschwind, Rachel L. "MAGDALENE IMAGERY AND PROSTITUTION REFORM IN EARLY MODERN VENICE AND ROME, 1500-1700." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1302019358.
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Pengelley, Oliver C. H. "Rome in ninth-century Anglo-Saxon England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0228e2f8-e259-46b7-85fc-346437db4d60.
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This thesis explores the impact of Rome upon Anglo-Saxon politics, religion, and culture in the ninth century. From the Gregorian mission onwards, Rome helped shape the ecclesiastical and devotional contexts of Anglo-Saxon Christianity and occupied a central place in the imaginations of early English writers. Yet the extent to which these links continued into and throughout the ninth century remains obscure, with scholarship about religion and culture often treating the period as a hiatus. In political narratives, the ninth century is treated as a crucial period, and Roman involvement is most visible in this sphere. By redressing the imbalance between religion and politics, this thesis achieves a thorough appreciation of the part played by Rome in these various fields of experience, as well as showing how Anglo-Saxon writers located themselves and their pasts in relation to the city. It does so over the course of five thematic chapters, which progress from an analysis of the most fundamental issues to more imaginative ones. Chapter one examines contact and communication between England and Rome, arguing that the two areas were closely and constantly connected across the century. The second and third chapters explore the impact of Rome on religion and kingship respectively, finding that while Roman influence on the church was most pronounced in the first half of the century, in political terms the city played a significant and changing role throughout the period. Chapters four and five consider the position of Rome in Anglo-Saxon historical thought and geographical understanding, examining how writers continued to define their position in a wider Christian world with reference to the city and its past. This thesis argues that, in the ninth century, Rome continued to play an important role in English life, while also influencing Anglo-Saxon thought and experience in new and dynamic ways.
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Evans, Roger Steven. "Soteriologies of Early Christianity Within The Intellectual Context of The Early Roman Empire: Barnabas and Clement of Rome as Case Studies /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487931993468974.
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Richardson, James Henry. "Roman noble self-presentation as an influence on the historiographical tradition of early Rome." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410819.
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Hastings, Ingrid. "The politics of public records at Rome in the late republic and early empire." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22489.
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Bibliography: pages 287-298.<br>This study explores the relationship between political developments and the keeping of public records at Rome during a crucial time of transition in the inter-connected fields of constitutional law, politics, and administrative practices. The political value of control over records is illustrated in the Struggle of the Orders and remained a dominant issue. That knowledge is power was a reality implicitly recognised in the aristocratic constitution of the Republic, geared as it was to maintain popular political ignorance generally and so to perpetuate the dominance of a particular minority class. Throughout Republican history the question of exposure or repression of such knowledge was grounded in the socio-political tensions of a class-struggle. Translated into the changed setting of the early Principate, the same awareness of the value of control over access to state knowledge is exhibited by the emperor. Particularly relevant was the Augustan ban on the publication of senatorial proceedings, since the relationship between senate and emperor was an area where the increasingly autocratic nature of the emperor's position was most difficult to disguise.
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McCarthy, Jane. "Speech and silence : freedom of speech and processes of censorship in early imperial Rome." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/speech-and-silence(b7bc7793-2d50-4deb-a283-4ecb304962a5).html.
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This thesis is concerned with freedom of speech in early imperial Rome. The creation of the principate meant that the emperor held absolute power based on military force, but there is no comprehensive survey of how this affected freedom of speech. This study therefore examines relevant primary sources, approaching the question through three areas - controls imposed by the emperor through law and force mqjeure, self-censorship and peer pressure among the elite, and popular political protest. Most of the evidence presented is literary, reflecting the interests and concerns of the elite authors and their intended audience, though where relevant reference is made to inscriptions, graffiti and dipinti. The thesis considers the hierarchical, status-conscious nature of Roman society, arguing that concern for social standing affects all communication. Although there are incidents of control imposed by the emperor or his representatives, peer-to-peer pressure has a greater impact upon freedom of speech. Communication is affected by the status of the speaker, the audience and the occasion. The distinctions between "public" and "private" speech differed significantly from modern conceptions. This means that protocols arose for dealing with potentially offensive subjects - insult, criticism and obscenity - so that offence was minimised and social relations could continue harmoniously. This argument is developed by an exploration of political communication between senate and emperor, especially the importance of the differing relationships between the emperor and individual senators. The study concludes by exploring informal and popular protest at Rome, through gossip, demonstrations at ludi and munera, and through graffiti and pamphleteering. Even here, concerns for status and personal relationships with the emperor explain the forms protests take. This study aims to extend existing work and re-examine assumptions commonly made about freedom of speech, or its lack, in early imperial Rome.
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Balmaceda, Catalina. "Identifying Romanness : virtus in Latin historiography during the late Republic and early Empire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6a8919af-7367-4d3b-b6e1-e6318ae098a2.
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This thesis deals with the role of the concept of virtus in Roman historiography of the late Republic and early Empire. I shall argue throughout the study that analysing and tracing this concept in the works of the historians of this period take us to the very heart of the question of their appraisal both of political change and Roman identity. Understanding this moral appraisal does not mean just a better comprehension of their concept of virtus, but a new approach to their concept of history as magistra vitae. In the first chapter, I shall introduce some characteristics of the nature of historical writing and the approaches of ancient and modern historians. I shall be challenging some currents views on the complexity of evaluating ancient history by rhetorical and moral standards. In chapter II, I shall consider the concept of virtus in terms of its etymology and usage; I will then attempt to show the particular connection between virtus and Romanness. I will also develop and explain the concepts of virilis-virtus and humana-virtus and place them in their philosophical context. Chapters III, IV, V and VI will form part of what I have called 'Virtus in History', and in these chapters I shall deal with four historians. The first section is dedicated to Sallust and his analysis of political decline in relation to virtus. I shall attempt to assess Sallust's influential creation of moral language in the writing of history. Then, I will consider the connection of virtus as a means to preserve libertas in Livy's work, especially considering the author's time. Chapter V is concerned with Velleius' history and his view that the principate has re-established virtus in Rome. I shall concentrate on Tiberius for my analysis of virtus and challenge some traditional approaches to this author and his prince. Finally, in chapter VI, I will examine Tacitus' perception of the nature of the political change that Rome has undergone. I will show how the transformations in politics have a deep influence on the very idea of Romanness and how the disturbance of this concept leads to a more profound and internal interpretation of it.
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Kipling, Roger William. "Life in towns after Rome : investigating late antique and early medieval urbanism c.AD 300-1050." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30791.
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Through extensive use of primary and secondary material, this study examines the development of the late classical and early medieval town across three regions of north-western Europe in order to map physical and functional urban change and to identify the key factors linking a spatially and temporally broad study area. The three diverse but complementary areas of investigation consist of Britain, a region with a relatively tenuous, discontinuous urbanism, Gaul, with its persistence of urban functions and populations throughout the period of study, and Scandinavia and Ireland, regions revealing a late urbanism. In each core chapter the archaeological and documentary data for towns are reviewed followed by presentation of key case studies. Selected for their level/quality of investigation, these provide the essential platform for a wider discussion of urban roles between c. AD 300-1050. The thesis establishes that urban form and developmental trajectories were highly intricate, with considerable temporal and spatial diversity and, as a result, towns demonstrate strongly individualistic histories, with a heavy dependency upon setting, role(s) and, above all, human presences. Despite this variety, the emergence of royal authority, the Christian Church and inter-regional market economies are recognised as fundamental and consistent factors in the establishment, and continued existence, of a stable urban network.
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Sutherland, Reita J. "Prayer and Piety: The Orans-Figure in the Christian Catacombs of Rome." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24259.
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The orans, although a gesture with a long ‘pagan’ past, was easily adopted by Christians for its symbolic meanings of prayer and piety and quickly attained a number of other more nuanced meanings as it was refined and reused. By restricting the scope of this thesis to the orans in the Christian catacombs of Rome, it becomes possible to approach the figure from a multi-directional perspective, not merely concerned with what the gesture meant to the Christian, but with its literary and material pedigrees, its transition to Christian art, and its cultural significance.
To this end, chapter one examines ‘pagan’ precursors of the Christian orans through an examination of coins, sculptures, inscriptions, and reliefs, as well as by looking at the two figures whose appearance most influences that of the orans – the goddess Pietas, and the Artemisia-Adorans funerary portrait type. Chapter two addresses the importance of the orans in the Christian literary community, and examines not only the actual usage of prayer with raised hands by the Christian faithful, but also examines the aesthetic and theological reasons for the popularity of the gesture – the parallel between the spread arms of the orans and the posture of the crucified Christ. Finally, chapter three presents a spatial-thematic analysis of the usage of the orans in the Roman Christian catacombs, using a corpus of 158 orantes. This chapter enables the reader to draw conclusions about the veracity of the academic theories presented in the previous chapters, as it compares the usage of the orans against its scholarly interpretation.
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Bruening, Michael Wilson. "Bern, Geneva, or Rome? The struggle for religious conformity and confessional unity in early Reformation Switzerland." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280155.
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The Reformation in French-speaking Switzerland outside of Geneva has received relatively little attention from historians. Unlike the movement in Geneva, the Reformation in its neighboring lands progressed in a completely different manner and was ultimately imposed on the people by the magistrates of Bern. Before 1536, Protestant reformers such as Guillaume Farel and Pierre Viret hardly touched most areas of the Pays de Vaud, which was governed by the Catholic duke of Savoy. Instead, they concentrated their efforts on areas within the jurisdiction of or allied to Protestant Bern, where they met with strong resistance from the people. The reformers focused their attacks---in preaching, in print, and symbolically in acts of iconoclasm directed against church altars---on the Catholic mass. Very few parishes abolished the mass, however. The religious situation shifted dramatically in 1536, however, when Bern conquered Vaud in its war against Savoy. Due to widespread resistance to the Protestant preachers, Bern imposed the Reformed faith on all its subjects following the 1536 Lausanne Disputation. The "new religion" was opposed by many, particularly the former Catholic clergy, many of whom continued to celebrate Catholic ceremonies in secret while waiting for a final resolution by the promised general council. The nobles suddenly found themselves vassals of the "common man," the Bern city council, and were loath to institute religious changes on their lands. The commoners in Vaud continued to practice traditions, such as praying to the saints and observing Catholic feast days. The Bernese magistrates and the Calvinist ministers in Vaud recognized these problems but could not agree on how to fix them. The Bernese saw the Reformation as a long-term process and hoped eventually to effect change by their ordinances. The ministers, led by Pierre Viret and strongly influenced by John Calvin, believed that change was taking place too slowly and that meanwhile the "body of Christ" was being polluted by unworthy communicants taking the eucharist. They argued for the necessity of greater ecclesiastical discipline, including excommunication, and the dispute led to the banishment of Viret and his colleagues, who subsequently moved to Geneva.
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Morel, Thierry. "The function and status of landscape painting in the late 16th and early 17th century Rome." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530062.
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Gannaway, Ethan Rautman Marcus Louis. "Praesentia et potentia in the Cubiculum Leonis in the catacomb of Commodilla, Rome late ancient martyr cult in a late Roman's tomb /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6881.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Apr. 14, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Marcus Rautman. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Schluter, Lindsay. "The religious and ecclesiastical role of women in the church in the city of Rome in the late eighth and early ninth century." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2437/.
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The religious and ecclesiastical role of women in the early medieval church in the city of Rome has so far not been studied in detail and this thesis offers to remedy that gap. It presents in form of a case study limiting itself in terms of its topographical boundaries to the city of Rome, and in terms of a historical time period to that which coincides approximately to the start of the papacy of Hadrian I to the end of the papacy of Paschal I. Use is made only of source material which can be connected directly to early medieval Rome, and not only ordained and monastic roles of women are explored but also the many other ways in which women were able to engage with the liturgy, sacraments and religious ordinances as well as through diaconal and other forms of work. This is done not least through a detailed analysis of the relevant Ordines Romani. Other ways in which women of early medieval Rome were able to engage in the life of the church was through the production and maintenance of liturgical textiles and also through patronage on large and small scales towards individual ecclesiastical institutions. A less well known means of engagement was through the work of the diaconitae at Rome’s diaconiae. Throughout the thesis a particular interest is expressed in exploring how religious and ecclesiastical engagement was possible for women from lower social strata. In addition to this the overall inclusion, or otherwise, of women in the surviving iconographical material of early medieval Rome is analysed. Particular attention is given to matters such as relics, saints patronage and lectionary readings in relation to saints’ days. Matters of hermeneutics are explored on an ongoing basis in relation to the source material, but also in relation to the secondary literature consulted. Regarding the latter this is especially undertaken in relation to female monastic communities and the offices of the diacona, presbytera and episcopa. In respect of these offices, but also in relation to all other matters pertaining to the ecclesiastical and religious roles of women in early medieval Rome this thesis argues neither for a minimalist nor for a maximalist interpretation, but offers a nuanced yet, of necessity, fragmentary overall picture. This is borne out of the decision to work only with source materials that can be directly linked to early medieval Rome which in itself is fragmentary in nature. On the one hand it means that little can be made known on a subject area such as women’s religious education for instance. On the other hand this concentration on Roman source material alone means that matters unique to the situation of women in the church of medieval Rome can be established, such as, for instance, the continuation of the ordained office of the diacona into the early ninth century or the absence of any issues regarding cultic cleanness relating to women.
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Higginson, Peter. "Representing the poor in early modern Rome : the social functions of Caravaggio's images of poor types (1592-1606)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433951.
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Lee, Rhoda Margaret. "A historiographical and historical study of Polybius' survey of the early treaties between Rome and Carthage III.21.8-26." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/619.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the significance of Polybius' digression on the early treaties between Rome and Carthage in Book 111.21.8 - 26 from both a historiographical and historical point of view. These early treaties, inscribed on bronze, form a series which allows us an unique opportunity to observe the development of diplomatic relations between Rome and Carthage and the growth in the power and influence of the two states from c. 509 B. C. to 279 B. C. The first part of the thesis analyses the context of Polybius' digression on the early treaties and examines the text, style and format of the treaties. The historical tradition concerning the treaties and Polybius' historiographical technique in the use of documentary material are also examined. The wider implications of the evidence which supports Polybius' dating of the First Treaty to c. 509 B. C. and that he is dealing with genuine treaty documents, leads to a study of documentary practice at Rome, which examines the literary and epigraphic evidence for the Roman use of bronze for documents, the topographical location of public documents at Rome and the ideology associated with the display, use and access to these documents. The last part of the thesis examines the historical implications of the early treaties, analysing the positions of Carthage and Rome, using historical sources and archaeological evidence and ends with a discussion of the relevance of the treaties to the dispute over Saguntum. The conclusions which can be drawn from this research are firstly that Polybius' quoting of the treaty documents was an integral part of his historiographical method and that he was dealing with authentic bronze documents which had been preserved at Rome. Secondly, the chronology and the historical contents of the treaties are supported by historical and archaeological evidence, however they had no relevance in the diplomatic debates of 218 B. C. The treaties only became an issue for discussion after the war when they attracted scholarly attention.
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Aubry, Sébastien. "Les inscriptions grecques et latines des pierres gravées antiques : abréviations, configurations, interprétations et lectures." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2090.
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Depuis plus d’un siècle, tout a été dit sur l’art de la glyptique, cela tant au niveau de la stylistique que de l’iconographie, à l’exception de sa dimension épigraphique. Cette étude doctorale vise donc à analyser les inscriptions grecques et latines sous leurs formes les plus variées, figurant sur les intailles et les camées, et à en donner une grille de lecture ainsi que des clés d’interprétation. Afin de dresser un aperçu cohérent de ces abréviations, initiales, termes et autres formules apparaissant sur les pierres gravées, le spectre de recherche s’étend de la Grèce des périodes archaïque, classique et hellénistique, en passant par la Rome républicaine et impériale – les gemmes étrusques et italiques servant de pivot entre les traditions épigraphiques de ces deux civilisations, mettant en exergue le phénomène d’imprégnation et d’interpénétration culturelle – pour en terminer par un ultime prolongement à l’art des pierres gravées byzantines et paléochrétiennes. L’étude porte avant tout sur les inscriptions : il s’agit d’étudier leur configuration spatiale en lien avec un motif iconographique (« contrainte de cadre »), les formes qu’elles adoptent (abréviations, initiales, nexus, monogrammes, termes entiers, formules) ainsi que leur nature (appellations, acclamations, salutations, chiffres, « didascalies », etc.). Il s’agit d’une synthèse générale de la dimension épigraphique des pierres gravées et, par extension, des disques métalliques et des sceaux<br>For more than a century, style and iconography of engraved gems have been studied, but not inscriptions on them. This thesis aims at examining greek and latin legends, their forms and nature, and eventually to give a reading table and to bring some interpretation keys. In order to draw up a coherent overview of these abbreviations, initals, terms and formulas, which occur on engraved gems, the research spectrum ranges from Greece of the archaic, classical and hellenistic periods to the late antique and early christian time, via republican and imperial Rome. In parallel, the study of etruscan and italic gems serve as a pivot between the epigraphical traditions of both mediterranean civilizations (Greece and Rome) by highlighting cultural impregnation and interpenetration phenomenons.The study focuses on inscriptions : their spatial arrangement in connection with the engraved image (so called « contrainte de cadre »), forms (abbreviations, initials, nexus, monograms, terms, formulas) and kind (names, greetings, cheers, numbers, captions, etc.). This research is about a general synthesis of the epigraphical dimension of engraved gemstones and, by extension, of metal discs and seals
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Pellam, Gregory G. Jr. "The Belly and the Limbs: Reconsidering the Idea of a Plebeian “State Within the State” in the Early Roman Republic." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1342926944.
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Chillet, Clément. "De l’Étrurie à Rome : Mécène et la fondation de l’Empire." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20093.
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Mécène est plus connu pour son rôle de « politique culturelle » sous Auguste que pour son action purement politique. Celle-ci couvrit pourtant des domaines variés : fiscalité, diplomatie, sécurité intérieure, vraisemblablement levée de certaines troupes. Le travail ici présenté peut-être défini comme une explicitation complète et une réévaluation des sources relues sous un angle essentiellement politique. L’étude minutieuse de sa famille et de son entourage permet, en effet, de mettre en évidence sa part dans l’élaboration de l’idéologie impériale et la postérité de ses traits. L’explicitation des éléments de sa carrière et leur intégration dans l’histoire politique générale de la fin de la République et du début de l’Empire permettent également de définir sa place dans le modèle de transition institutionnelle où le non-dit joua un rôle immense. Ses fonctions doivent ainsi être envisagées sous un triple rapport : en regard des institutions républicaines permettant ainsi d’évaluer la part de vérité ou de réalité de la res publica restituta proclamée par Auguste ; en regard du contexte immédiat, permettant d’évaluer la portée des circonstances ou du caractère planifié des réformes d’Octavien/Auguste ; enfin en regard des institutions impériales dont il pourra être considéré comme le « laboratoire ». La fixation de la chronologie de cette carrière permet d’éclairer le champ politique depuis l’année 44 : la nature de ses pouvoirs et sa manière d’occuper ses fonctions permettent de déterminer la coloration politique du régime naissant en constante évolution. Enfin, il est bien clair que Mécène trouve sa spécificité dans ses origines étrusques qu’il revendiquait fermement, quitte à s’opposer aux modèles de restauration morale et « nationale » développés par Auguste de manière contemporaine. Toléré et parfois courtisé parce qu’il portait avec lui le soutien de l’Étrurie et de l’Italie, et qu’il contribuait ainsi à faire entrer ces dernières dans le jeu politique romain, Mécène nous permet de définir avec plus de précision la place occupée par les Italiens dans la politique augustéenne et dans la construction d’identités locales en Italie<br>C. Maecenas is best known for his role in culture at the beginning of Augustus’ principate than for his political role. He acted however in various fields: taxation, diplomacy, home security and probably levied troops. This work aims at presenting a thorough explanation and reevaluating the sources from a political point of view. The close examination of his family and acquaintances enables me to show the part he played in the elaboration of the imperial ideology and the posterity of his own characteristics as they were depicted. Explaining his carrier and integrating it into the general history of politics at the end of the Republic and the beginning of the Empire, also allows a definition of his position in the institutional transition in Rome. His role must be considered from a triple point of view: in comparison with the republican institutions so as to estimate how true or real was the res publica restituta proclaimed by Augustus; in view of the current context so as to assess the importance of circumstances or the possible planning of Octavian/Augustus’ reforms; finally, in view of the imperial institutions of which he was a sort of laboratory or test bed. Fixing the chronology of his carrier makes it possible to shed light on the Roman political world from 44 b.C. onwards: the nature of his powers, the way of holding his offices makes it possible to determine the real nature of the new regime in constant evolution. Finally, it is very clear that C. Maecenas owes his specificity to his Etruscan origins that he proudly claimed, even if it meant being against the Augustan moral and “national” restoration program. C. Maecenas was tolerated for bringing the support of Etruria and Italy to Augustus: he made them enter the Roman political system and he makes it possible to estimate their positions in Augustan politics and the degree of elaboration of local identities in Italy
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Lomas, Kathryn. "Aspects of the relationship between Rome and the Greek cities of southern Italy and Campania under the Republic and early Empire." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/744.
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The purpose of this study is to analyse the relations of Rome with the Greek cities of Southern Italy during the Republic and the Early Empire, in order to create a "case study" of the processes of political expansion and Romanisation. The first part of this project utilises the historical sources, while the second is an analysis of the epigraphic evidence. No detailed consideration of archaeological material has been included since there has been extensive recent excavation of the area in question, and it is not possible to produce a complete synthesis of available material within the scope of a doctoral thesis. The first section of this project is a reassessment of the historical evidence for the contacts between Rome and the Italiote Greeks in the 4th and 3rd centuries B. C., together with a study of the behaviour of the Greek cities during the Punic Wars and the post-war period. The legal and diplomatic aspects of the relationship built up by Rome with the Greek communities are also reassessed. This seems to indicate that Roman control of Southern Italy developed relatively slowly, with little contact before 200 B. C., and seems to follow a pattern similar to that of Roman expansion in the East. The second section is a survey of the epigraphic evidence for the Greek cities of Southern Italy, undertaken to clarify the social, linguistic and administrative changes occurring as a result of the Roman conquest. It is used to build up a profile of each of the cities studied, including a prosopography of named individuals and studies of changes in language, religious cults, municipal administration, and social composition. This allows some evaluation of the differences in their response to Roman influence. The evidence indicates that Roman influence took root in the South by the 1st century A. D., but that awareness of Greek culture remained strong, and was actively cultivated. The diverse epigraphic habits of the area indicate the extent to which the differences between cities may reflect their differing responses to Romanisation.
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Nalezyty, Susan. "Il collezionismo poetico: Cardinal Pietro Bembo and the Formation of Collecting Practices in Venice and Rome in the Early Sixteenth-Century." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/109833.
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Art History<br>Ph.D.<br>Cardinal Pietro Bembo's accomplishments as a poet, linguist, philologist, and historian are well known, but his activities as an art collector have been comparatively little studied. In his writing, he directed his attention to the past via texts--Ciceronean Latin and Petrarchan Italian--for their potential to transform present and future ideas. His assembly of antiquities and contemporary art served an intermediary function parallel to his study of texts. In this dissertation I investigate Bembo as an agent of cultural exchange by offering a reconstruction of his art collection and, in so doing, access his thinking in a way not yet accomplished in previous work on this writer. Chapter One offers a historiographic overview of my topic and collecting as a subject of art historical study. Chapter Two maps the competition and overlapping interests of collectors who bought from Bembo's heirs. Chapter Three calls upon anthropological methodology for treating the study of material culture and applies it to Bembo's mission as a collector. Chapter Four concludes with a statistical analysis of subjects and object types to which Bembo was drawn. In the extensive Object Catalog individual works are examined in conjunction with one another and considered for what they reveal about Bembo's theoretical strategy. Appendix A is a timeline outlining Bembo's life. Appendix B is a chronologically ordered selection of accounts describing Bembo as a collector and descriptions of his collection and his properties. Appendix C is a Bembo family tree. Appendix D presents by location known repositories for traced objects that can be connected to Bembo's collection. The recovery of Pietro Bembo as a collector illustrates that his wide-ranging ambitions were intertwined. His museum was not a place fixed in geography but, rather, a dynamic mechanism for transmitting the analytic power and poetic potential he located in the visual.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Lundgren, Olle. "The gold of the north : Amber in the Roman Empire in the first two centuries AD." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353025.
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Amber has been a recurring luxury around the Mediterranean Sea for thousands of years in various cultures. This study treats the first two centuries AD in the Roman Empire. The early centuries of the Empire saw a brief period of relative calm in which Baltic amber became a fashion in Rome. The purpose of this investigation is to explain how and why amber journeyed from the northern oceans of Germania into Rome, and how it expressed itself in the Empire. The Amber Road between the Baltic Sea and Rome is well trodden by modern researchers, but very little has been written about why amber arrived in various contexts. The questions are on the topics of the amber’s origin, how it was consumed and by whom. Throughout the study, the agency of amber is considered in order to approach the source material from a new angle. The first chapter investigates what effect the geographical origin and trade had on the agency of amber. The first part of the second chapter discusses amber in material culture as well as examples of amber items in ancient texts. The second part of the second chapter analyses perfume vessels made from amber. The last chapter is on the topic of amber as a luxury. The discussion and conclusion argues that rich women were major consumers of amber in Rome.
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Hong, Sung Cheol. "The principalities and powers in Pauline literature and the Roman imperial cult." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683218.
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Swanson, Barbara Dianne. "Speaking in Tones: Plainchant, Monody, and the Evocation of Antiquity in Early Modern Italy." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1365170679.
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Nair, Jacquelyn. "“NEITHER WITH THE OPINIONS OF THE GREEKS NOR WITH THE CUSTOMS OF THE BARBARIANS”: THE USE OF CLASSIC GREEK IMAGERY IN EARLY CHRISTIAN LITERATURE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1377618049.
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Dallies, Marie. "La formation intellectuelle de l'élite à Rome et en Occident (Ier-IIIe siècles apr. J.-C.) : représentations et réalités." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30058.
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Les bouleversements politiques et intellectuels provoqués par l’avènement du principat augustéen entraînent sous le Haut Empire une redéfinition des buts et des fonctions assignés à la formation intellectuelle de l’élite romaine et occidentale. Le développement de l’éloquence judiciaire et épidictique au détriment de l’éloquence politique modifie l’enseignement traditionnel de la rhétorique, tandis que la pratique philosophique prend de plus en plus de place au sein de la société et favorise le développement de son enseignement. Ces changements suscitent chez plusieurs auteurs des Ier et IIe siècles apr. J. C. des réflexions sur la manière d’améliorer l’enseignement rhétorique et philosophique alors que diverses initiatives sont prises pour organiser à l’échelle de l’Empire la diffusion de ces savoirs. Notre travail se propose d’examiner, en se concentrant sur les acteurs du système éducatif – professeurs et étudiants –, la façon dont cette formation intellectuelle se développe sous le Haut Empire dans les régions latinophones et de dresser une cartographie de l’enseignement de la rhétorique et de la philosophie en acquérant une connaissance concrète de ces personnages, par l’examen de leurs origines géographique et sociale et de leurs mobilités. Cette dimension réaliste se double d’une étude de la représentation de ces deux groupes dans la littérature impériale. Une attention particulière est portée à la question de la formation des futurs empereurs, dont la vie est richement documentée, afin de déterminer si la description de leur éducation est altérée par le souvenir qu’ils ont laissé de leur règne<br>The political and intellectual upheavals caused by the advent of Augustus’ Principate result, in the Early Empire, in a new definition of the aims and functions assigned to the intellectual training of the Roman and Western elite. The development of judiciary and epidictic eloquence at the expense of political eloquence modifies traditional rhetorical teaching whereas philosophical learning is gaining importance within society thus favouring the teaching itself of philosophy. These changes bring several 100 and 200 A.D. authors to reflect upon the way of improving rhetorical and philosophical teaching. Meanwhile various initiatives are taken to spread these forms of knowledge throughout the Empire. By focusing on those who are in charge of the educational system – teachers and students – our research offers to examine how intellectual training develops in the Latin speaking regions in the Early Empire and to draw a map of rhetorical and philosophical teaching while getting to know these characters concretely through the study of their geographical and social backgrounds together with their mobility. Such realistic aspect goes with a survey of the representations of the two groups in imperial literature. Emphasis is laid in particular on the question of the education of the future emperors the documentation of whose lives is rich in order to examine whether the description of their education is altered by the memory that remains of their reign
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Buchanan, Marshall Calvin. "The father of his country, being a brief study of the intersection of fatherhood and the rhetoric of state power in the late Republic and early Principate of Rome." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58532.
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This thesis explores the intersection of the Roman conception of the state’s authority and the notion of fatherhood during the late Republic and early Principate. Its general conclusion is that the state’s authority in both periods was conceived of, in varying degrees, as patria potestas, which is the statutorily granted but legally unfettered power of the pater familias (Roman male head of household) over his dependents and property. It draws this conclusion first by defining fatherhood primarily in terms of patria potestas. It then examines two key works of the Republican statesman Cicero. In his De Re Publica, Cicero proposes the state as a transcendent institution whose justification is the human capacity to use reason (ratio). But both in this work and in the later De Officiis, he also formulates an account of the state that links it to patria potestas. I term these two types of state the civic patria and natal patria respectively. The close association of the two models of statehood is exemplified by the title which Cicero coined in 63 B.C., ‘Pater Patriae’ (“father of the fatherland,” sometimes also ‘Parens Patriae,’ “parent of the fatherland”). Prefatory to examining the state’s authority under the Principate, this thesis briefly considers the change in the relationship between state and family under the reign of Augustus. It finds that, from c. 23 B.C., the household of Augustus gradually became identical with the state, and Augustus ruled the empire as a pater familias with patria potestas. Finally, taking Seneca as an imperial analog to Cicero, this thesis analyzes Seneca’s panegyric and kingship treatise addressed to Nero, De Clementia. It finds that Seneca can portray the childless emperor as a father because his power as emperor is conceived as being one and the same with patria potestas. The emperor’s role as national pater familias defines his relation in three key areas: with the laws, the universal order, and his people.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of<br>Graduate
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Raga, Emmanuelle. "Le Banquet et la "transformation du monde romain": entre Romanitas, Barbaritas et Christianisme :espace romain occidental, IVe-VIe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209918.
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Ma thèse se concentre sur la question de la transformation de la pratique du banquet classique face, d’une part, à la nouvelle situation sociopolitique découlant de l’installation des royaumes dits successeurs et de la dissolution des structures politiques classiques ;et d’autre part, face à l’intensification de ce que l’on appelle communément la « christianisation » du monde romain. Mes recherches concernent le monde romain occidental (Gaule, Italie et Espagne) à partir du moment où le discours ascétique oriental se diffuse massivement en occident dans la seconde moitié du IVe siècle, mettant fin à ce que Robert Markus appelle le « christianisme antique ». La question principale de ma thèse concerne le discours chrétien et ascétique qui porte sur les questions alimentaires et les réponses données par les groupes sociaux dont l’usage du banquet classique est suffisamment documenté. En l’occurrence les aristocrates (en ce compris les évêques), les communautés cénobitiques et le mouvement anachorétique. La seconde question abordée dans mes recherches est celle posée par la présence « barbare » et l’image du mangeur barbare en ces siècles de transition socioculturelle. Le terminus ante quem de mes recherches se situe à la fin du VIe siècle, en un monde romain désormais indubitablement transformé.<p><p><p> <p>La mia tesi si incentra sulla questione della trasformazione della pratica classica del banchetto nel confronto, da una parte con la nuova situazione sociale e politica dovuta all’insediamento dei regni post-romani, e, dall’altra, con l’intensificazione della cosiddetta “cristianizzazione” del mondo romano. La tesi riguarda lo spazio romano occidentale (cioè Gallia, Italia, Spagna) a partire dal momento in cui si diffonde la grande moda dell’ascetismo orientale dalla seconda metà del IV secolo. La questione principale della tesi, che occupa i capitoli tre e quattro, riguarda il discorso cristiano e ascetico sull’alimentazione e poi le risposte date dai gruppi sociali il cui uso del banchetto è documentato a sufficienza, in fatti specie gli aristocratici, il mondo monastico, e gli eremiti. I due primi capitoli riguardano, rispettivamente, la pratica del banchetto classico nella tarda antichità e la questione della presenza “barbara” e dell’immagine del mangiatore barbaro in quei secoli. La conclusione della tesi si colloca alla fine del VI secolo, in un momento in cui il mondo romano è indubbiamente trasformato.<p><p><p>My doctoral thesis concentrates on the question of the transformation of the classical banquet through the encounter with, on the one hand, the new sociopolitical situation due to the migration and installation of the new successor kingdoms ;and on the other hand, with the intensification of the Christianization of the Roman world. My research focuses on the Western Roman world (Gaul, Italy and Spain) from the moment in which the eastern ascetic discourse spreads widely in the West in the second half of the 4th century, causing what Robert Markus calls “The end of Ancient Christianity”. The main question of my thesis regards the Christian and ascetic discourse on food practices and the answers given by the social groups who’s uses of the banquet is documented enough. In this case, the aristocrats (within which the bishops), the monastic communities and the hermits. The second question taken into consideration in my thesis is the one presented by the “barbarian” presence and the literary image of the barbarian eater in these centuries of socio cultural transformation. The terminus ante quem of my research is placed at the end of the 6th century, in a undoubtly transformed Roman world.<br>Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Low, Katherine Anna. "The mirror of Tacitus? : selves and others in the Tiberian books of the 'Annals'." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7de32c12-0935-4024-a607-a50877c38062.
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This thesis considers the geographical and chronological forms of ‘mirroring’ that offer a way of reading 'Annals' 1-6. It looks at how Tacitus’ depictions of non-Romans reflect back on Rome, and at the echoes of Rome’s past and future that can be discerned within his description of Tiberius’ principate. After an introduction that discusses key thematic and methodological questions, Chapter 1 shows that Tiberius’ accession and the Pannonian and German mutinies described in 'Annals' 1 echo Tacitus’ account in 'Histories' 1 of events of AD 69. Moreover, when the Romans attempt to conquer Germany, the Germans’ resistance to this and to other efforts to rule them shows up Roman responses to civil war and autocracy. Chapter 2 begins by examining potential similarities between Roman and both Parthian and Armenian history, and then focuses on Germanicus’ voyage in the east, recounted in 'Annals' 2. His actions associate him with many late republican and early imperial Roman figures, which suggests that there are continuities between those two eras. Chapter 3 extends this theme by discussing the echoes of Sallust and Caesar in the central books of the Tiberian hexad. Intertexts with Sallust’s 'Bellum Catilinae' especially hint that earlier civil conflicts are about to be replayed in some form, as the appearance of Sejanus, the ‘new Catiline’, confirms. Chapter 4 further considers Tacitus’ inferences about the overlap between republican and imperial history, and then examines anti-Roman revolts in 'Annals' 2, 3 and 4. Foreign rebels’ relative success in attempting to reclaim their freedom correlates with their distance from Rome, and this has clear implications for the status of Roman 'libertas' under Tiberius. Finally, the outbreak of ‘civil war within the principate’, and indeed within the imperial house, is analysed. Chapter 5 traces the continuation of this ‘civil war’, and proposes that the last book of the Tiberian hexad again looks directly to 69, as well as to the excesses of other Julio-Claudians. It also considers Tacitus’ account of Roman intervention in Parthia: this episode confirms imperial Rome’s propensity for autocracy and civil war. There follows a short conclusion in which some speculation is offered about how some of the themes discussed in this thesis with reference to the Tiberian hexad may have been represented in the lost central books of the 'Annals'.
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Omar, Idris. "Les légions romaines de la province de Syrie sous le Haut-Empire d’après les inscriptions latines et grecques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP050/document.
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La thèse s'agit d'un corpus des inscriptions militaires des légions syriennes, la III Gallica, la IV Scythica, la XVI Flavia Firma et la VI Ferrata. Cependant, le manque d’études prosopographiques concernant ces unités m’a encouragé à élargir cette recherche en y ajoutant une étude prosopographique pour chaque légion présentant tous les militaires connus de la légion, selon leur grade, en ordre alphabétique. J’ai essayé dans cette partie de mettre à jour les listes données par E. Ritterling et tous les autres chercheurs intéressés par ce sujet, comme E. Dąbrowa, M.-A. Speidel et H. Devijver. À la fin de chaque grade militaire, j’ai effectué un tableau dans l’ordre chronologique suivi par l’analyse des origines et des cursus honorum<br>The thesis is a corpus of the military inscriptions of the Syrian legions, III Gallica, IV Scythica, XVI Flavia Firma and VI Ferrata. However, the lack of prosopographic studies of these units encouraged me to broaden this research by adding a prosopographic study for each legion presenting all known military members of the legion according to rank in alphabetical order. I have tried in this part to update the lists given by E. Ritterling and all other researchers interested in this subject, such as E. Dąbrowa, M.-A. Speidel and H. Devijver. At the end of each military rank, I made a table in chronological order followed by the analysis of the origins and the cursus honorum