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Carson, Linda A. "Predictors of early reading achievement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28182.pdf.
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Dykxhoorn, Jennifer. "Early Life Predictors of Adolescent Suicidality." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32083.
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Background:
Suicidal thoughts affect 12% of Canadian adolescents. Previous research has linked many factors to suicidality but has not considered how these factors may act together or their effect on non-mental health outcomes.
Methods: I used the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth to construct predictive models for suicidal thinking. Recursive partitioning models were constructed and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for suicidal thoughts and secondary outcomes was calculated. I tested the models in the Avon Longitudinal Survey of Parents and Children.
Results:
Predictive model sensitivity was 24.2%, specificity was 89.8%, PPV was 24.7%, and NPV was 89.5% and had similar accuracy in the second dataset. The models were better at predicting other adverse outcomes compared to suicidal ideas.
Conclusion:
Exposure to multiple risk factors is predictive of several poor outcomes in adolescence including suicidal thoughts.
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Elwér, Åsa. "Early Predictors of Reading Comprehension Difficulties." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Pedagogik och didaktik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110036.
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The aim of the present thesis was to examine the cognitive and language profile in children with poor reading comprehension using a longitudinal perspective. Even though comprehension skills are closely connected to educational success, comprehension deficits in children have been neglected in reading research. Understanding factors underlying reading is important as it improves possibilities of early identification of children at risk of developing reading problems. In addition, targeted interventions may prevent or reduce future problems. Descriptions of the cognitive and language profile in children with different types of reading problems from an early age and over time is an important first step. The three studies included in this thesis have been conducted using data from the International Longitudinal Twin Study (ILTS). In the ILTS, parallel data have been collected in the US, Australia, Sweden and Norway. Altogether, more than 1000 twin pairs have been examined between the ages 5 and 15 years using well known predictors of reading, along with decoding, spelling, reading comprehension and oral language measures. In the three studies, the Simple View of Reading has been used as a theoretical framework and children who exhibited different kinds of comprehension related difficulties have been identified at different ages. The studies include both retrospective and prospective analyses. The results across studies indicated a robust oral language deficit in all subtypes displaying comprehension problems. The oral language deficit was widespread and included vocabulary, grammar and verbal memory. In addition, the oral language deficit was manifested as compromised phonological awareness and print knowledge prior to reading instruction. Reading comprehension deficits were late emerging across studies in children with comprehension difficulties.Syftet med avhandlingen har varit att undersöka den kognitiva och språkliga profilen hos barn med läsförståelseproblem i ett longitudinellt perspektiv. Förståelserelaterade problem är eftersatt del av läsforskningen, trots att denna typ av svårigheter har visat sig få stora konsekvenser för fortsatt framgång i skolan. Att förstå underliggande faktorer när det gäller läsning är viktigt för att kunna identifiera barn tidigt i utvecklingen och anpassa undervisningen efter deras behov. Att beskriva barnens kognitiva och språkliga profil från tidig ålder och över tid är ett viktigt första steg i detta arbete. De tre studierna som ingår i avhandlingen har baserats på data från the International Longitudinal Twin Study (ILTS). I projektet har data samlats in i USA, Australien, Sverige och Norge. Sammanlagt har mer än 1000 tvillingpar testas vid upprepade tillfällen i åldersspannet 5 till 15 år. Testmaterialet innefattar ett stort batteri av språkliga och kognitiva tester, samt tester i läsning och stavning. Med utgångspunk i the Simple View of Reading har grupper av barn med olika typer av förståelseproblem identifierats vid olika tidpunkter i utvecklingen. Studierna innehåller både retrospektiva och prospektiva analyser. Resultaten visar en tydligt bred språklig nedsättning hos barnen med förståelserelaterade problem som visar sig tydligt i mätningar av ordförråd, grammatik och verbalt minne. Problemen är stabila över tid och visar sig tidigt i utvecklingen även som fonologiska svårigheter. Svag språklig profil påverkar inte läsförståelse förrän barnen gått i skolan ett antal år.
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Rothers, Janet. "Early Life Predictors of Allergic Disease." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202549.
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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of childhood asthma has been increasing worldwide. Modern societal exposures that have been implicated as possible causes of this increase include more hygienic lifestyles, antibiotic usage, and vitamin D deficiency. While there is much evidence that the origins of allergic disease begin in infancy, the uncertainty of asthma diagnosis in the first few years of life makes it difficult to assess the impact of early environmental exposures in very young children, and intermediate phenotypes that might assist in this assessment are lacking. An additional challenge to allergic disease research is the potential for gene-by-environment interactions, in which specific exposures differentially affect children depending on genotype. The objectives of this study were to assess relations of allergic disease outcomes (total IgE, specific IgE and asthma) with: 1) exposures related to modern lifestyle including day-care, antibiotic use and vitamin D levels; 2) cytokine profiles as a potential intermediate phenotypes; and 3) day-care exposure in the context of a relevant genotype.METHODS: This study utilizes data from a birth cohort. Allergic outcomes were assessed longitudinally through 5 years. Exposure data was collected by interview, or via blood samples in the case of vitamin D, cytokines, and genotype. Relations were assessed using longitudinal analysis techniques.RESULTS: Day-care was associated with decreased total and specific IgE through age 5. Antibiotics use was not associated with any outcome. Vitamin D levels showed 1) a U-shaped association with total and specific IgE, such that both high and low levels conveyed greater risk; and 2) no association with asthma. Cytokine profiles at 3 months of age, but not at birth, were predictive of total IgE and asthma. Finally, a significant gene-by-environment interaction was found between day-care and the TLR2/-16934 gene, such that the protective day-care relation occurred only for children carrying a T-allele.CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that childhood allergic disease is inversely associated with day-care exposure and has a U-shaped relation with 25(OH)D levels at birth. It demonstrates that cytokine profiles as early as 3 months predict allergic outcomes through age 5 years, and finally, provides an example of a gene-by-environment interaction.
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Miao, Ho-Yee, and 苗可兒. "Predictors of medication adherence in early psychosis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192971.
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Medication adherence is a well-known barrier in hindering successful pharmacological treatment, particularly in early psychosis patients. The aims of promotion and implementation of early intervention service not only change patient’s trajectory of long-term outcome positively but also broaden a therapeutic window by detecting patient’s medication non-adherence attitudes and behaviors in the very early stage of illness. Needless to say, the rate of non-adherent to medication in early psychosis is high due to a variety of potential risk factors. The consequences of medication non-adherence are devastating. In adherence research, the researchers devote their life to investigate in this aspect.
As suggested by previous studies, a basket of consistent and inconsistent as well as strong or weak predictors are relevant to medication adherence. However, they tend to examine the medication adherence attitudes and behaviors together. Since someone behavior is not the same as his/her attitude toward medication adherence, the current study thus explores them separately. Given very scanty studies addressing the issue, this study focuses on asking whether different sets of baselines predictors contribute to medication adherence attitudes and behaviors differently are true.
Within a six-month period of follow-up, 340 first episode psychosis patients have been included in the sample. We assessed various patient-related, medication-related, and environmental-related constructs (age, gender, martial status, education level, occupation, living condition, family history of mental illness, mode of onset, premorbid functioning, DUP, hospitalization, symptoms severity, level of insight, type of medication, medication side effects, and therapeutic alliance) at baseline as well as measured their medication adherence attitude and behaviors at six-month follow-up period. The result of the study are in accord with our hypothesis that different groups of risk factors contribute to medication adherence attitude and behaviors differently in the first six months of treatment of early psychosis patients. After putting the same set of variables into analyses on medication adherence attitudes and behaviors separately, findings reveal that DUP, insight, side effect on psychic aspect, and patients’ rating on communication effectiveness with clinicians are the significant predictors for medication adherence attitudes while gender, experienced hospitalization, and psychopathology severity are the influential indicators in predicting medication adherence behaviors. Our data indeed fills in the adherence research gap to address what predictors affect medication adherence attitude and behavior differently.
The implication is that if we just put medication adherence attitude and behavior together into the discussion, it would oversimplify the medication adherence phenomenon. Our study serves as a cornerstone to obtain a better understanding in the dynamic process of medication treatment decision-making in terms of patients’ medication adherence attitudes and behaviors separately. We hope our findings as the stimuli to move on to next step by exploring whether a wider context of speculation, the structural barriers in our mental healthcare services delivery system and family involvement, influences medication adherence in early psychosis.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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Speed, Heather Faye. "Early Predictors of Early Freshman Year Attrition in Female Hispanic Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103396/.
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The Texas Hispanic population is projected to grow to 18.8 million, almost tripling its number within the state, in only 30 years. This rapid growth is a concern for Texas higher education because this group has traditionally been under-represented in colleges and universities. Also, according to national, state, and local data, Hispanic students are retained at a lower rate than are other ethnic groups. Because of lower retention rates for Hispanic students and because the majority of Hispanic college students are female, an increasing number of Hispanic women are heads of households. Studying the attrition rates of Hispanic females could provide a better understanding of how the state can improve both the participation and retention rates of this population. This study utilized descriptive statistics and regression analysis to identify the correlations between and among the dependent variable of attrition and independent variables derived from (1) pre-college survey responses measuring college expectations and (2) early-first semester survey responses measuring actual college experience. Institutional data were used to confirm enrollment status at the beginning of the second semester. The sample of the study was all female, full-time, first-time-in college student survey respondents attending a public 4-year institution in Texas. This number included Hispanic females (n = 176), Caucasian females (n = 278), and African American females (n = 209). Although not a focus of the study, Caucasian and African American females were included to enhance the understanding of Hispanic females’ responses. The dependent variable of attrition in college attendance for Hispanic females correlated negatively with each two independent variables: (1) joining one or more campus organizations (r = -.252, p = 0.045) and (2) campus social life providing many opportunities for participation (r = -.272, p = 0.030). The dependent variable correlated positively with one independent variable, satisfaction with academic progress at the end of the freshman year (r = .301, p = 0.016). To have a positive impact on the attrition rates of Hispanic females, educators at Texas institutions of higher education must better understand Hispanic females’ college expectations.
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Montazeri, Parisa 1988. "Early life predictors of child growth trajectories and early adolescent cardiovascular health." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672988.
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Research over the previous decades has shown us that early life influences have long-term effects on health and disease. Emerging science supports a role in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) for novel risk factors like maternal metabolic health, socioeconomic position (SEP), and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This thesis aimed to examine the role of early life predictors, focusing on maternal, chemical and social factors, on child growth and early adolescent cardiovascular health using traditional and novel measures of preclinical phenotypes. The findings suggest that early life exposure to maternal metabolic parameters and EDCs appear to have a potentially adverse effect on child growth and early adolescent cardiovascular health, which may be modified by SEP. Given how widespread exposure to EDCs is, the importance of maternal health status prior to pregnancy, and the increasing rates of obesity and CVD, these findings are of critical importance.Las investigaciones realizadas durante las décadas anteriores demostraron que las influencias de la vida temprana tienen efectos a largo plazo sobre la salud y la enfermedad. La ciencia emergente respalda un papel en la patogénesis de la obesidad y las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) para nuevos factores de riesgo como la salud metabólica materna, la posición socioeconómica (SEP) y los químicos disruptores endocrinos (EDC). Esta tesis tuvo como objetivo examinar el papel de los predictores de la vida temprana, centrándose en los factores maternos, químicos y sociales, en el crecimiento infantil y la salud cardiovascular de la adolescencia temprana utilizando medidas tradicionales y novedosas de fenotipos preclínicos. Los hallazgos sugieren que la exposición temprana en la vida a los parámetros metabólicos maternos y los EDC parecen tener un efecto potencialmente adverso sobre el crecimiento infantil y la salud cardiovascular de la adolescencia temprana, que puede ser modificado por SEP. Dado lo generalizada que es la exposición a los EDC, la importancia del estado de salud materna antes del embarazo y las crecientes tasas de obesidad y ECV, estos hallazgos son de vital importancia.
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Locuniak, Maria N. "Early predictors of calculation fluency in second grade." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 177 p, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1992513281&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Park, SuJung. "Developmental Trajectories of Aggression from Toddlerhood to Early Adolescence in Boys and Girls: Exploring Early Predictors and Later Outcomes." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7551.
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Early behavior problems, such as childhood aggression, emerge in the second year of life and decrease prior to school entry for typically developing children. However, some children show frequent and persistent aggression and may be at risk for subsequent difficulties that lead to poor school and life outcomes. The current study aimed to identify aggression patterns in children from toddlerhood to early adolescence for boys and girls together and separately. This study also explored early influences on aggressive behaviors at age two, such as mothers’ parenting behaviors, cumulative family risk, and early child characteristics. A range of difficulties in early adolescence were investigated, including poor social skills, low academic success, internalizing problems (e.g., depression and anxiety), and delinquent behaviors. Data from a previous study of 3,000 families and children, the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation longitudinal study, which followed families and children from infancy to early adolescence were examined. Four aggression patterns were found, characterized by changes over time in the amount of aggressive behaviors exhibited, applicable to both boys and girls: low-stable, moderate-decreasing, moderate-increasing, and high-stable. Early parenting and development during toddlerhood discriminated these distinctive aggression patterns. Compared with children in the low-stable group, boys in the moderate-decreasing and high-stable groups, and girls in the high-stable group were less likely to have mothers using positive parenting behaviors. Boys in the moderate-decreasing group and girls in the high-stable group were more likely to show delayed language development. Boys in the moderate-decreasing and high-stable groups were more likely to indicate poor emotional regulation. Moreover, compared with children in the low-stable group, those in the moderate-decreasing, moderate-increasing, or high-stable groups tended to show difficulties in early adolescence, such as lack of social skills, lower academic success, more internalizing problems, and delinquent behaviors. Altogether, young children exhibiting high levels of aggression over time were at the highest risk for later social, behavioral, and academic problems when, at age two, they had mothers with less positive parenting behaviors or when they showed poor language development or poor emotional regulation.
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Bennett, K. J. "Early onset of conduct problems, predictors, pathways and prevention." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0027/NQ32812.pdf.
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Young, J. Kenneth Beaujean A. Alexander. "Individual differences as predictors of accidents in early adulthood." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5279.
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MONAHAN, DEBORAH JUNE. "PREDICTORS OF FACULTY EARLY RETIREMENT DECISION-MAKING IN ARIZONA." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187985.
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Changes in retirement policy in the United States have affected management policies and practices in higher education. As a result of the 1978 amendments to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, mandatory retirement prior to age seventy is prohibited. The significance of this policy change has stimulated the development of innovative personnel and retirement policies in an effort to increase the number of "elective" early retirements. The purpose of this study was to assess whether particular departmental and individual characteristics had predictive power with respect to faculty decisions to retire early. Data sources were existing university administrative data files, combined with interviews from a random sample of seventy-two early retirees and eligible nonretirees. Results of the study are summarized below: (1) In general, demographic characteristics studied (age, sex, marital and health status, etc.) were not strong predictors of early retirement decisions among the respondents. (2) Faculty salary was not a strong predictor of early retirement behavior. (3) Self reported faculty productivity was a strong predictor of early retirement decision-making. (4) Job satisfaction variables were moderate predictors of early retirement decisions. (5) Departmental characteristics (governance, fit in the department, recognition and rewards, etc.) were strong predictors of faculty early retirement decisions. In the present study, multiple discriminant analysis identified thirteen variables that strongly discriminated between the early retiree and non-retiree groups. Analysis of the prediction function assisted in assessing the relative importance of these variables in distinguishing between the two groups, and may serve as a useful management tool in understanding motives for early retirement as well as identifying faculty who may be most (or least) likely to choose an early retirement option. The present study, by examining the joint influences of a wide variety of variables on the propensity to elect early retirement, helped reveal the complexity of the relationships, while seeking to parsimoniously characterize the key factors influencing these decisions.
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Caminis, Argyro Pericles. "Early to bed psychosocial predictors of sexual initiation and high-risk sexual behaviors in early adolescence /." [New Haven, Conn. : s.n.], 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-11212008-113300/.
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Elder, Brigitte N. "Early predictors of emergent and conventional literacy skills : a longitudinal investigation /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis, 2005.Degree granted in Psychology. Dissertation completed in 2004; degree granted in 2005. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)
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Levin, Laura. "Adolescent Interpersonal Predictors of Early Therapeutic Alliance in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/701.
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This study examined interpersonal predictors of early therapeutic alliance in a cognitive-behavioral treatment study for adolescents with anxiety and/or depressive disorders. Client, therapist, and observer rated measures of alliance were obtained from the third session of treatment in a sample of twenty-seven adolescents. Results indicate that alliance ratings across the three perspectives are significantly associated with one another, but that pretreatment interpersonal variables were differentially associated with varying informant perspectives. Adolescents’ perceptions of their relationships to their caregivers positively related to their perceptions of the therapeutic alliance, such that adolescents with more positive representations of relationships with their attachment figures were more likely to endorse stronger working alliances early in treatment. Adolescent-reported symptom severity at pretreatment predicted observer ratings of alliance, such that adolescents who indicated greater symptoms at pretreatment were rated as having stronger early alliances with their therapists by independent observers. Adolescent perceptions of social support also predicted observer ratings of alliance. Therapists perceived having weaker alliances with adolescents showing clinically significant depression, as compared to adolescents diagnosed with anxiety disorders alone. Future research is needed to examine whether identification of relevant interpersonal factors can help improve therapeutic engagement and outcomes for the psychosocial treatment of adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders.
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Lee, Stacey Caminker. "Sex differences in the predictors of depressive symptoms across early adolescence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624373.
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Brady, F. "Early in-session predictors of response to trauma-focused cognitive therapy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1449253/.
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Volume 1 of this thesis examines the predictors of response to trauma-focused treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is presented in three parts. Part 1 is a literature review of research evaluating the impact of trauma-focused therapy for PTSD on comorbid symptoms of depression. The Downs and Black (1998) checklist was used to assess study quality. Results indicated that both trauma-focused CBT and EMDR treatments were effective in reducing comorbid depression symptoms. However, as interventions varied widely and some studies were affected by significant methodological problems, the generalisability of these results may be limited, and thus areas for further research are also suggested. Part 2 is an empirical study exploring early in-session client and therapist factors that predict later response to treatment. Audio and video recordings of the first or second therapy session of 54 known treatment responders or non-responders were blind-rated for client perseverative thinking, therapist adherence and therapeutic alliance. Results revealed that more perseverative thinking was observed for non-responders than responders to treatment. No group differences were found in regards to therapist adherence or therapeutic alliance. Exploratory analyses revealed that across the sample as a whole, perseverative thinking was associated with reduced therapist adherence to the treatment manual and poorer therapeutic alliance. As this study is one of the first of its kind in this area, recommendations were made for future research opportunities to explore these findings further. Part 3 is a critical appraisal of the empirical study. This elaborates on the main findings of this project and discusses the methodological challenges involved in undertaking this type of research, particularly developing and applying a novel coding frame.
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Siemens, Richard Lee. "Body Mass Index and Dietary Intake as Predictors of Early Menarche." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/22.
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PURPOSE: To examine whether there is an association between early menarche and factors including BMI and dietary intake of calcium, phosphorus, total fat, fiber, and fatty acids, using data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III).METHODS: Secondary analysis of NHANES III (2001-2002) interview and examination data on a total of 640 subjects, aged between 12 and 16 years, who had not used hormonal contraception prior to menarche. Early menarche was defined as the first period occurring prior to age 12. Nutritional information was taken from the individual foods files on the interview sections of the NHANES III data.RESULTS. We found negative associations between early menarche and daily tetradecanoic acid intake (p-value = .0263), White (non-Hispanic) race/ethnicity (p-value = .0025), and subject age of 12 (p-value = .0058) and 13 (p-value = .0025). Higher BMI acted as a significant effect modifier favoring early menarche among non-Hispanic Black participants. No association was found between early menarche and intake of calcium, phosphorus, total fat, free fatty acids other than tetradecanoic, or fiber.CONCLUSIONS. Dietary intake of one saturated fatty acid, tetradecanoic (myristic), was found to predict early menarche, as were age and race/ethnicity. Further investigation is warranted into dietary intake of myristic acid and its relationship to reproductive development. Higher BMI's effect of strengthening the association between Black, non-Hispanic race and early menarche supports the need for targeting public health education on nutrition and exercise on this minority group.
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Hasan, Reem Baird Donna Day. "Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy patterns, predictors, and association with miscarriage /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2452.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 3, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Epidemiology." Discipline: Epidemiology; Department/School: Public Health.
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Oppenheimer, Julia Erica 1979. "Understanding Early Vulnerabilities for Anxiety: Predictors of Self-Efficacy in Toddlers." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11930.
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xix, 176 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Self-efficacy, a proposed vulnerability for anxiety, is thought to be rooted in repeated experiences during children's early years. Few studies have directly examined how these beliefs and behavior patterns are manifested in early childhood despite the importance of infancy and toddlerhood as times of major cognitive, behavioral, and regulatory developments that may play a role in the etiology of psychopathology. Thus a primary goal of this dissertation was describing early self-efficacy, measured as a child's behavioral responses and coping capacity during an impossible task. Factor analyses identified a latent self-efficacy construct based on children's observed task persistence, strategies used during the task, and flexible use of strategies. Through a growth model analytic framework this construct was used to examine individual differences in toddler self-efficacy. A linear growth model demonstrated excellent fit and decreasing self-efficacy over time, as well as significant variability in toddlers' initial responses and behavioral trajectories across an impossible task. An additional aim of this dissertation was to identify important predictors and concomitants of toddler self-efficacy at 17 months. Using a structural equation model, paths between self-efficacy and maternal psychopathology, maternal behavior, infant temperament and social-emotional correlates were examined. Analysis of theorized predictors revealed greater maternal anxiety at 17 months was predictive of lower self-efficacy and increased social-emotional problems. Greater maternal acceptance, responsiveness, and non-intrusiveness during infancy were associated with greater self-efficacy and lower symptoms at 17 months, demonstrating a longitudinal impact of maternal behavior a year later. However, early self-efficacy demonstrated limited associations with toddlers, social-emotional problems. As such, maternal psychopathology and maternal sensitivity appeared to be important predictors of children's elevated symptoms and self-efficacy even at this early age despite nominal direct associations between children's self-efficacy and symptomatology. Results demonstrated a multi-faceted construct of self-efficacy in toddlers, encompassing both persistence and coping abilities. This early self-efficacy measurement expanded definitions of efficacy and measured self-efficacy in a younger population than has previously been studied. Early variations in self-efficacy linked to maternal sensitivity during infancy and maternal anxiety indicate the importance of longitudinal associations between risk factors and toddler outcomes for understanding self-efficacy. Clinical implications for assessment and prevention are considered.
Committee in charge: Jeffrey Measelle, Chairperson, Psychology; Jennifer Ablow, Member, Psychology; Dare Baldwin, Member, Psychology; Jane Squires, Outside Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences
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Lane, Cherylee Mary. "Predictors of successful inclusion for children with vision impairment in early education." Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1610.
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The international movement to include children with disabilities in education has resulted in significant legislative and policy change. However some have argued that this has not translated into actual practice and that inclusion (as opposed to integration) is not the usual practice in Australia. There are fears that inclusion, if implemented poorly, will be detrimental to the wellbeing of students with disabilities. Similar concerns exist for students with vision impairment. The quality of their inclusive experiences varies dramatically from school to school, with an isolated few children reaping the expected benefits of inclusion. The variation in these experiences has not yet been explained.The purpose of this research was to determine which, if any, factors predict successful inclusion for children with vision impairment in regular early education in Australia. The research occurred in two phases: (1) a formative, qualitative phase; and (2) a quantitative, longitudinal phase.The aim of Phase 1 was to select factors that stakeholders perceived were important in influencing the inclusive early education of children with vision impairment in Australia. Nominal Group Technique elicited the perception of five stakeholder groups (allied health professionals, visiting teachers, classroom teachers, parents of, and students with vision impairment) (N = 25). The ranked items generated by each stakeholder group were combined using content analysis. These were then ranked overall. The top-ten ranked ‘stakeholder factors’ formed the independent variables for the second phase of the study.Phase 2 had three aims relating to regular early education in Australia: (1) to describe the situation that children with vision impairment are exposed to (i.e. the stakeholder factors identified in Phase 1); (2) to compare the inclusive outcomes (participation, engagement, child interaction, academic and overall) of children with and without vision impairment; and (3) to determine the influence of the stakeholder factors on the inclusive outcomes of children with vision impairment. A prospective, longitudinal cohort design was used; conducted over two years. Twenty children with vision impairment and 37 sighted classmates (mean age 65 months) who attended regular kindergarten to grade one classes in Australia participated.Three aspects were commonly found to be poor in the regular class situations: access to vision aides and equipment, support for staff, and teacher training and experience; however the individualisation and physical environment were adequate. Nonparametric analysis demonstrated that both education staff and parents were more involved with children with vision impairment compared to classmates. The children’s social skills differed only at the end of the second year.Children with vision impairment had significantly poorer inclusive outcomes than classmates. Mann-Whitney U Tests found that children with vision impairment participated significantly less in class activities, were less engaged in tasks and experienced poorer social interaction than classmates at each point during the two years. At the end of the second year, children with vision impairment had significantly poorer academic performance.A three-step process selected the stakeholder factors that had a significant individual influence on the inclusion of children with vision impairment, relative to their classmates. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis then demonstrated that Indices of these combined stakeholder factors predicted successful inclusive outcomes of children with vision impairment up to two years later. Presence of a combination of at least six factors, categorised as Environmental (teacher attitude, teacher training and experience, adult involvement, vision aides and equipment and physical environment); Personal (early intervention); and/or Activity Performance (social skills) significantly improved the likelihood of success.This study demonstrated that a high proportion of children with vision impairment in Australia are exposed to less than adequate situations in early education, and, as such, experience poor quality inclusion. Given the long term effects of early experiences, it is imperative that children have positive early education experiences. This research provided new knowledge of the factors that can improve regular early educational outcomes for students with vision impairment. This can further guide the decisions of policy makers, educators, health professionals and parents concerned with improving the life of children with vision impairment.
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Dynia, Jaclyn M. "The Literacy Environment of Early Childhood Special Education Classrooms: Predictors of Print Knowledge." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354729369.
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Dutka, I. I., and F. V. Hrynchuk. "The early clinic predictors of the relapse emergancy of gastroduodenal ulcerous bleeding." Thesis, Innovation technology in medicine. - Lublin, 28-29 april, 2017, 2017. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/12875.
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Holmes, Katie Elizabeth. "Early predictors of downward assimilation a study of contemporary second-generation immigrants /." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1239896140/.
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Habermann, Stefanie. "Pre-school predictors of early arithmetic skills : a two year longitudinal study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041305/.
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The purpose of this thesis was to examine longitudinal predictors of children’s early arithmetic abilities with a particular focus on the relation to the approximate number system (ANS), language and numeracy skills as well as background measures of cognitive abilities. This longitudinal study assessed children five times over a 25-month period beginning in nursery classes and continuing to the end of Year One (the first complete year of formal schooling). The thesis investigated the concurrent and longitudinal predictive importance of ANS, numeracy, language and cognitive abilities in children’s arithmetic development using structural equation modelling. Path models found different concurrent predictors of arithmetic at each time point and only transcoding, the ability to translate between the verbal number code and the Arabic numeral, was a consistently recurring predictor. Furthermore, children’s nonverbal intelligence and their understanding of language specific to mathematics related significantly to early arithmetic (pre-school) whereas children’s magnitude comparison skills were significantly associated with arithmetic scores in Year One. The longitudinal analysis showed that transcoding was the only unique predictor of arithmetic and neither ANS nor language and cognitive skills were significant independent contributors to the prediction of children’s arithmetic abilities 25 months later.
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Tam, Michelle Jennine. "Gender-Based Harassment in Early Adolescence: Group and Individual Predictors of Perpetration." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/150.
Full textAbstract:
The current study examined gender-based harassment in early adolescence and the characteristics of individuals who perpetrate such harassment (specifically, experiences with witnessing gender-based harassment and gender identity). Students in seventh and eighth grade (n = 483; 247 girls, 236 boys) completed surveys containing measures of gender identity (perceived same and other-gender typicality, felt pressure to conform to gender norms, and gender contentedness), and questions about witnessing and perpetrating teasing, bullying, and rejection because of a peer’s gender typicality or atypicality. Results revealed that the more GBH an individual had previously witnessed in their classroom, the more likely they were to report perpetrating GBH themselves. Additionally, boys high in other-gender typicality reported perpetrating more GBH than boys low in other-gender typicality. For girls, same-gender typicality interacted with felt pressure to conform to gender norms to predict GBH perpetration. For girls low in felt pressure, same-gender typicality negatively predicted GBH perpetration. For girls high in felt pressure, same-gender typicality positively predicted GBH perpetration.
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Brundage, Amber. "Middle and High School Predictors of Off-Track Status in Early Warning Systems." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4644.
Full textAbstract:
It is important to identify students at-risk for school non-completion as early as possible. Research has demonstrated that data sources such as teacher nomination and individual demographic characteristics are less accurate identification methods of students who are at-risk for not graduating on-time. Instead, the use of early warning systems (EWS) based upon research validated indicators that reliably identify students who are Off-track, or at-risk for not graduating on-time, has been a promising approach. Questions remain though about the relationship of Off-track Status at an earlier time point to Off-track Status at a later time point as well as the relationship between a variety of individual and school-level predictors and Off-track Status. The purpose of this study was to examine student patterns of Off-track (for graduation) Status at two time points each year from sixth grade through the end of 10th grade as determined by a district-implemented EWS. In addition, this study examined factors that were hypothesized to contribute to students becoming off-track for high school graduation and the earliest time that those factors demonstrated influence on an Off-track Status. Individual (e.g., SES Level, Third-Grade Reading scores, etc.) and school-level predictors (e.g., School Rates of Discipline, School Promoting Power, etc.) of Off-track Status were collected through archival data on a cohort of 4,268 sixth-grade students across 15 middle schools and 13 high schools from the 2007/2008 school-year through the 2011/2012 school-year. Significant relationships between individual-level variables (SES Level, Hispanic racial/ethnic designation, Grade Point Average, Office Discipline Referrals and Previous Off-track Status) were found. Implications for research to practice include a focus on early intervention of Off-track Status students and the inclusion of additional variables in a middle and high school EWS. An additional implication for practice is the local customization of EWS through further analyses of predictor sensitivity and specificity as well as examination of specific school-level contributions to increased numbers of Off-track Status students which would allow for refinement of EWS specific to a given population and provide information on schools that may need additional resources to support students.
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Agbagwara-Osuji, Benedicta Obiageri. "Antenatal predictors of early mother-to-infant bonding failure : a prospective cohort study." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/antenatal-predictors-of-early-motherto-infant-bonding-failure(ec3ce311-6d18-4a76-a1bc-3f3032fce8a8).html.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The majority of women who have given birth will develop affection for their infants, however some have prolonged problems developing a loving attitude, leading to impaired mother-infant bonding. Some studies have found an association between postnatal depression and poor mother-infant bonding. On the other hand, little is known about the antenatal predictors of this problem. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if it is possible to predict during pregnancy which women will develop impaired mother-infant bonding; and to assess whether having a high risk pregnancy could affect this bond. Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted with women who were recruited from one London Hospital between 2008 and 2012. Psychometric data were collected from 300 women in late pregnancy; 223 were followed up at six weeks postnatal using self-administered questionnaires. Sixty-six of these women had a high risk pregnancy. Saliva samples were collected from a subsample of participants (N=46) as part of a pilot study to physiologically measure cortisol and alpha-amylase (as biological markers of maternal stress and depression) embedded within the main study. Results: There was a lower risk of impaired mother-infant bonding at six weeks postnatal, if the woman had good fetal bonding in late pregnancy(OR=0.89, 95%CI=0.83-0.94, p<0.001), but a higher risk of impaired maternal bonding at this time, if the woman had symptoms of depression during pregnancy (OR=1.12, 95%CI=1.11-1.41, p<0.05). Another determinant of poor motherinfant bonding in the study was postnatal depressive symptoms and having an epidural analgesia during labour and birth, although reasons for this need further consideration. There were no significant differences in mother to infant bonding status between women who had a high or a low risk pregnancy. Conclusion: Maternal mental health and fetal bonding emerged as the strongest predictors of impaired maternal-infant bonding, together with the negative association with having an epidural analgesia. The findings from this study highlight the importance of training for clinicians to be aware that mother-infant bonding problem can develop during pregnancy. The negative effect of epidural analgesia on mother-infant bonding warrants further investigation.
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Haggerty, Susan. "Parental alcoholism, early social support, and family environment as predictors of current adjustment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40672.
Full textAbstract:
The present study assessed 351 undergraduate subjects on
dimensions of parental alcohol abuse, childhood family
environment, childhood social support, current coping style,
current negative life experiences, current psychological
symptomatology, and current indices of drug and alcohol
abuse. Results indicated that, while paternal alcohol abuse,
in and of itself, was not related to any of the outcome
measures, maternal alcoholism was correlated with one
measure of alcohol abuse and three measures of drug abuse,
and was independently predictive of a portion of the
variance of one alcohol abuse measure among subjects. Early
environmental factors (family environment and low levels of
social support), as well as current coping style and current
negative life experiences, were found to be related to
psychological symptomatology and to indices of drug and
alcohol abuse. coping style was also found to be related to
early family environment and to childhood social support,
suggesting that coping style may have its developmental
roots in early environmental factors. An interaction between
paternal alcohol abuse and disengagement coping style was
shown to be predictive of a portion of the variance of
subjects' alcohol abuse. Interactions between maternal
alcoholism and low level of social support were predictive
of a portion of the variance of subjects' drug abuse.
Master of Science
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Melching, Jessica A., and Jessica A. Melching. "Exploring Parent-Adolescent Conflict: An Examination of Correlates and Longitudinal Predictors in Early Adolescence." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1396.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has focused on developmental trends in parent-adolescent conflict without extensively describing individual differences in conflict. The current study tested child factors, parent factors, contextual factors, and adolescence-specific factors as concurrent correlates and longitudinal predictors of parent-adolescent conflict. Participants include 218 mother-child dyads, adolescents’ mean age (11years, 11months). Parent and adolescent data was collected during the summers following the adolescents’ 5th and 6th grade years. All four groups of variables were associated with parent-adolescent conflict. The child group of factors emerged as the most consistent group of variables concurrently and longitudinally.
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Khatami, Ali. "Early prostate cancer : on prognostic markers and predictors of treatment outcome after radical prostatectomy /." Göteborg : Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/7507.
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al, Mannai Haya. "Cognitive predictors of early Arabic literacy : informing the development of dyslexia assessment in Bahrain." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2139/.
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Schulte, Sandy Lee. "An exploration of specific personality factors as potential predictors of early adolescent substance use." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2434.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated four personality traits and their relationship to early adolescent substance use. Sixty high school freshman were administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent and the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory in a group setting. Anger, anxiety, cynicism, and social discomfort were hypothesized to be related to adolescent substance use, in that substance use becomes a coping mechanism for dealing with the pain of these variables in young adolescents who are lacking healthy coping mechanisms for stressful situations. Statistical procedures included two multiple regressions and a Pearsons correlation to look for remaining relationships. It was found that anger and anxiety are related to and predict substance use in adolescents. Social discomfort was not related to substance use, but was related to cynicism. Cynicism was related to substance use, yet not as strongly as anger and anxiety, and did not predict substance use in adolescents.
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Cobanoglu, Rahime. "Teacher Self-efficacy And Teaching Beliefs As Predictors Of Curriculum Implementation In Early Childhood Education." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613492/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this investigation was to predict the extent of curriculum implementation in early childhood education from several variables defined as (1) school related factors, (2) teacher demographics, (3) teaching beliefs, and (4) teacher self-efficacy beliefs. A total of 308 early childhood teachers employed in public schools in the central districts of Ankara, Turkey, selected through cluster sampling, composed the sample of this study. Data were collected with the instrument including Curriculum Implementation Scale, Turkish Version of the Teachers&rsquoSense of Efficacy Scale, Teacher Beliefs Survey, and Personal Information Form. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to provide evidence for validity and reliability of the scales. Two separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses were, moreover, employed at the alpha level of .025 to answer research questions. The results overall demonstrated that teacher self-efficacy and teaching beliefs significantly predicted the extent early childhood teachers implemented current curriculum as regards content selection and learning process, while teacher demographics were only significant for the extent of curriculum implementation regarding learning process. On the other hand, school related factors did not contribute to the extent of curriculum implementation for both content selection and learning process. In particular, constructivist teaching beliefs and teacher efficacy beliefs for student engagement and instructional strategies explained the extent of curriculum implementation regarding content selection. Considering the implementation of learning process, teachers&rsquo
years of experience was, moreover, found to be a significant predictor along with constructivist teaching beliefs and teacher efficacy beliefs for student engagement and instructional strategies.
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Collins, Joanne Elizabeth. "Vulnerability to victimisation in early adolescents : predictors of victimisation and protective effects of peer relationships /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsc7121.pdf.
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Murray, Emma L. "Transcriptional signatures as early predictors of response in breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitors." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24189.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women of all ages in many parts of the world. The management of this disease is typically based upon its clinico-pathological features and usually involves a combination of surgery and systemic therapy. Many patients however, do not respond to these therapies as anticipated and may therefore suffer needlessly from medication side effects and delayed initiation of more effective treatment, all of which impose an enormous financial burden on healthcare systems. Efforts are underway to improve the classification, prognostication and prediction of response to treatment for breast cancer patients, in the hope of providing better, individualised care Advances in our understanding of the disease and its management are anticipated to come from investigations into the molecular pathways and gene expression underlying breast cancer development, growth and metastasis. Microarray technology, used to simultaneously analyse the patterns of expression of tens of thousands of genes from tumour biopsies, has permitted the identification of new intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer based upon their transcriptional signatures, and of prognostic and predictive markers that are beginning to show clinical utility and promise to outperform standard clinico-pathological markers. Methods: Microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technologies were used to compare the efficacy of five multi-gene signatures for their ability to predict clinical response to three months of neoadjuvant treatment with the Aromatase inhibitor Letrozole, in a population of postmenopausal ER positive breast cancer patients. The levels of gene expression in biopsy samples acquired from each patient were measured prior to treatment and at week two of a three-month treatment regimen. Tumour response was assessed dynamically by means of three-dimensional ultrasound scanning. The predictive capacity of proliferation markers was further explored by focusing on the expression of several key genes involved in different stages of cell cycle progression, including Cyclins B1, A2, D1, CDKs 1, 2 and 4 and the NUSAP1 and Ki67 genes. In addition, changes in Ki67 after 3 months of neo-adjuvant treatment were related to long-term survival. Results: A total of 394 women with large or locally advanced oestrogen receptor positive breast tumours were enrolled into the study population in two independent datasets. A previously defined neoadjuvant predictive signature from our unit has been validated on both independent and extended datasets. In addition, two further proliferative-gene signatures were shown to have significant power to predict longer-term clinical response to Letrozole therapy, based upon their gene expression activity after two weeks of treatment. On the other hand, neither of the two stromal-gene signatures chosen for inclusion in this study was able to predict response based on their absolute expression profiles at two weeks. However, when considering the change in their gene expression profiles between baseline and two weeks, both stromal signatures became informative in one of the datasets. Only one of the proliferative signatures was predictive in this way. Analysis focusing on the genes representing different phases of the cell cycle, demonstrated that two weeks of Letrozole therapy strongly decreased the expression of Cyclins B1, A2, D1, CDK1 and NUSAP1 but not CDK 2 and 4. Significant correlations between the change in Ki67 and changes in Cyclins B1/CDK1 and Cyclin A2/CDK2 were observed, demonstrating the importance of transcriptional regulation of S and G2-M phase Cyclins/CDKs for the anti- proliferative effect of neoadjuvant Letrozole. Changes in the expression of NUSAP1 and Cyclin B1 significantly correlated with clinical response and Ki67 positivity, especially after two weeks of treatment. The following factors were found to be significantly associated with breast cancer specific survival: T-stage at diagnosis; Nodal status at the time of surgery; and Ki67 at diagnosis and at three months and the corresponding change in Ki67 expression between these time-points. Conclusions: The results presented here demonstrate that changes in the expression of multi-gene transcriptional signatures as well as single genes, can be measured in sequential tumour biopsies taken from patients during neoadjuvant treatment for breast cancer. The ability of several signatures and individual genes to predict the clinical response to neoadjuvant treatment has been compared and evaluated. The difference between the signatures composed of proliferative and stromal genes highlights the different contributions of these components to tumour development and response to treatment.
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Villadsen, Aase. "Comparing early parental warmth and effective management as predictors of child conduct and emotional problems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:edb28887-004a-4659-9469-c742a5a51efb.
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Introduction: Identifying aspects of parenting that are protective for child emotional and behavioural outcomes is important for informing parenting intervention. Attachment theory and social learning theory represent two major theories that propose different mechanisms for how parenting influences child functioning. The aim of this study was to compare dimensions of early positive parenting associated with these two theoretical frameworks as predictors of child conduct and emotional problems. Method: Data were from a US based longitudinal study (the Early Steps study, Dishion et al., 2008) following a sample of 731 toddlers from age 2 to 7.5, from low income families and at high risk of early onset of child problem behaviours. Associations between observed parenting (age 2-3 and age 5) and parent reported child externalising and internalising behaviour (age 3, 4, 5 and 7.5) were examined in structural equation models. Results: Parenting related to attachment theory ('warmth') had little short-term association with child outcomes, but over time this parenting dimension increasingly predicted lower levels of child problems. Parenting associated with social learning theory ('effective management') was related to lower child conduct and emotional problems short-term, but in the long-term it had no predictive effect on child functioning. Discussion: Differences between parenting dimensions in terms of their respective short-term and long-term effects might be explained by the underlying mechanisms linking parenting and child outcomes. Attachment theory emphasises internal and emotional processes, and these may be slow building but more enduring. Social learning theory proposes that behaviours are driven largely by external motivations and inspirations, and these might be relatively instantaneous but short-lived. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that early childhood parenting associated with attachment theory is an important protective factor for children's longitudinal outcomes. For enhancing longer term, more enduring outcomes, it is likely that parent intervention and prevention programmes in early childhood should emphasise programme components drawing on attachment theory. However, it would be necessary to test this before making any firm recommendations.
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Bryant, Kay. "Early Retention in Substance Abuse Treatment: Attachment, Interpersonal Functioning, and Perceptions of Treatment as Predictors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332498/.
Full textAbstract:
This study was designed to explore the cognitive-perceptual roots of attrition from substance abuse treatment. Previous research on interpersonal issues among substance abusers and attachment theory suggested areas for investigation: the perception of early parental care, current interpersonal functioning, and perception of the substance abuse treatment program.
39
Wonderlich, Sara J. "Predictors of bullying behaviors : a follow-up study on early childhood play behaviors of preschoolers /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1453232081&sid=13&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Alves, Marco Antonio Zanata. "Increasing energy efficiency of processor caches via line usage predictors." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96062.
Full textAbstract:
O consumo de energia se torna cada vez mais importante para a arquitetura de processadores, onde o número de cores dentro de um mesmo chip está aumentando mas o total de energia disponível se mantém no mesmo nível ou até mesmo se reduz. Assim, técnicas para economizar energia, tais como opções de escala de frequência e desligamento automático de subsistemas, estão sendo usadas para manter a troca entre energia e desempenho. Para se obter alto desempenho, os atuais Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) integram grandes memórias cache a fim de reduzir a latência média para acesso a memória principal, através da alocação do conjunto de dados da aplicação dentro do chip. Essas memórias cache tem sido projetadas tradicionalmente para explorar a localidade temporal usando políticas de substituição inteligentes e localidade espacial buscando todos os dados da linha da cache após uma falta de dados. Entretanto, estudos recentes mostraram que o número de sub-blocos dentro da linha da memória cache, que são realmente usados, costuma ser baixo, sendo que, os sub-blocos que são usados recebem poucos acessos antes de se tornarem mortos (isto é, nunca mais são acessados). Além disso, muitas da linhas da memória cache permanecem ligadas por longos períodos de tempo, mesmo que os dados não sejam usados novamente ou são inválidos. Para linhas de cache modificadas, a memória cache aguarda até que a linha seja expulsa para que esta seja gravada (write-back) de volta no próximo nível de memória. Essas escritas competem com as requisições de leitura (demanda do processador e prébusca da cache), aumentando a pressão no controlador de memória. Por essas razões, a eficiência energética e o desempenho das memórias cache não são ideais. Essa tese propõe a aplicação de preditores de uso de linhas da cache para aumentar a eficiência energética das memórias cache. São propostos os mecanismos Dead Sub-Block Predictor (DSBP) e Dead Line and Early Write-Back Predictor (DEWP) para permitir economia de energia sem que haja degradação do desempenho. DSBP é usado para prever quais sub-blocos da linha da cache serão usados e quantas vezes eles serão acessados de forma a trazer para a cache apenas os sub-blocos úteis e desliga-los após eles serem acessados pelo número de vezes previsto. DEWP prevê linhas de cache mortas assim que elas recebem o último acesso, desligando essas linhas. As linhas sujas são escalonadas para sofrerem write-back após a última operação de escrita, aumentando o potencial de salvar energia, reduzindo também a pressão no controlador de memória. Ambos os mecanismos propostos também reduzem a poluição nas memórias cache, dando prioridade para a expulsão de linhas mortas, melhorando as atuais políticas de substituição. Embora cada mecanismo apresentado seja capaz de funcionar separadamente dentro do sistema, ambos os mecanismos podem também ser misturados em uma mesma hierarquia de cache. Essa implementação mista é interessante pois a granularidade de sub-bloco é preferível para níveis de cache próximos do processador, onde as linhas de memória cache são expulsas rapidamente, enquanto o último nível de cache tende a usar toda a linha antes da sua expulsão. Com o intuito de avaliar os mecanismos propostos, é apresentado o Simulator of Non- Uniform Cache Architectures (SiNUCA). Esse simulador de microarquitetura com precisão de ciclos é validado em termos de desempenho e consumo de energia através da comparação com um processador real. Os resultados de desempenho foram obtidos executando aplicações das cargas de trabalho single-threaded do conjunto SPEC-CPU2006 e aplicações multi-threaded dos conjuntos SPEC-OMP2001 e NAS-NPB. Os resultados relativos a energia foram obtidos integrando o SiNUCA com as ferramentas de modelagem Multi-core Power, Area, and Timing (McPAT) e CACTI. Quando aplicados os mecanismos em todos os níveis de memória cache, observou-se em média uma redução de 36% no consumo de energia usando o DSBP, 25% usando o DEWP e 37% quando usou-se o DSBP nos níveis L1 e L2 e o DEWP no último nível. Todas essas reduções causaram uma perda desprezível de desempenho de menos de 4% em média.Energy consumption is becoming more important for processor architectures, where the number of cores inside the chip is increasing and the total power budget is kept at the same level or even reduced. Thus, energy saving techniques such as frequency scaling options and automatic shutdown of sub-systems are being used to maintain the trade-off between power and performance. To deliver high performance, current Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) integrate large caches in order to reduce the average memory access latency by allocating the applications’ working set on-chip. These cache memories have traditionally been designed to exploit temporal locality by using smart replacement policies, and spatial locality by fetching entire cache lines from memory on a cache miss. However, recent studies have shown that the number of sub-blocks within a line that are actually used is often low, and those sub-blocks that are used are accessed only a few times before becoming dead (that is, never accessed again). Additionally, many of the cache lines remain powered for a long period of time even if the data is not used again, or is invalid. For modified cache lines, the cache memory waits until the line is evicted to perform the write-back to next memory level. These write-backs compete with read requests (processor demand and cache prefetch), increasing the pressure on the memory controller. For these reasons, the energy efficiency and performance of cache memories are not ideal. This thesis introduces cache line usage predictors to increase the energy efficiency of cache memories. We propose the Dead Sub-Block Predictor (DSBP) and Dead Line and Early Write-Back Predictor (DEWP) mechanisms to enable energy savings without performance degradation. DSBP is used to predict which sub-blocks of a cache line will be actually accessed and how many times they will be used in order to bring into the cache only those sub-blocks that are necessary, and power them off after they are accessed the predicted number of times. DEWP predicts dead lines as soon as they receive the last access, and turns off these lines. Dirty lines are scheduled for write-back after the last write operation occurs, increasing the energy savings potential and also reducing the pressure on the memory controller. Both proposed mechanisms also reduce pollution in cache memories by prioritizing dead lines for eviction in the existing replacement policy. Although each introduced mechanism is capable of performing separately inside a system, both mechanisms can also be mixed in the same cache hierarchy. This mixed implementation is interesting because the sub-block granularity is more suitable for cache levels closer to the processor, where the cache lines are quickly evicted, while the Last- Level Cache (LLC) tends to use the whole cache line before its eviction. In order to evaluate our proposed mechanisms, we introduce the Simulator of Non- Uniform Cache Architectures (SiNUCA). This cycle-accurate microarchitecture simulator is validated in terms of performance and energy consumption by comparing it to a real processor. Our performance results were obtained executing single-threaded applications from SPEC-CPU2006 and multi-threaded applications from SPEC-OMP2001 and NASNPB benchmark suites. The energy related results were obtained by integrating SiNUCA with the Multi-core Power, Area, and Timing (McPAT) framework and the CACTI power modeling tool. When applying our mechanisms on all the cache levels, we observe on average a 36% energy reduction for DSBP, 25% energy reduction using DEWP and an average reduction of 37% in the energy consumption applying DSBP on L1 and L2 and DEWP on the LLC. All these reductions caused a negligible performance loss of less than 4% on average.
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Magnusson, Brianna Michele. "Predictors of Early Onset of Sexual Intercourse in Male and Female Residents of the United States." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1709.
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Berglin, Ewa. "Predictors of disease onset and progression in early rheumatoid arthritis : A clinical, laboratory and radiological study." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-669.
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Odom, Erica Camille Vernon-Feagans Lynne. "Social contextual factors of the African American family environment as predictors of children's early language outcomes." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1722.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Human Development and Psychological Studies in the School of Education." Discipline: Education; Department/School: Education.
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Berglin, Eva. "Predictors of disease onset and progression in early rheumatoid arthritis a clinical, laboratory and radiological study /." Umeå : University Hospital, 2006. http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:144188/FULLTEXT01.
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Bailes, Lauren Grace. "Longitudinal Predictors of Parental Sensitivity: The Role of Parent Personality and Infant Temperament Across Early Infancy." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2023.
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Parents play a critical role in their infants’ social and emotional development (Zeifman, 2003). High parental sensitivity contributes to greater infant attachment security (De Wolff & van IJzendoorn, 1997), as well as better compliance later in life (van Berkel et al., 2015). Personality influences how parents respond to their infants, such that parents higher in neuroticism are more controlling and less stimulating (Clark, Kochanska, & Ready, 2000), and less responsive (Kochanska, Friesenborg, Lange, & Martel, 2004). However, previous studies have found mixed results with parent extraversion. Some studies found that high parental extraversion could lead to more parent responsiveness (Clark et al., 2000), whereas others have found that these parents are more controlling (Metsepelto & Pulkkinen, 2002). The three components of infant temperament (negative reactivity, orienting, and surgency) have been found to differentially predict parenting (Bridgett et al., 2009; Rothbart & Bates, 2006; Planalp, Braungart-Rieker, Lickenbrock, & Zentall, 2013). In addition, the majority of the research examining predictors of parental sensitivity has involved predominantly mother-infant dyads; father-infant dyads are examined less often. The current study aimed to longitudinally examine how parent personality and infant temperament contribute to parental sensitivity over time in 4 (n = 49), 6 (n = 41), and 8 month old (n = 35) infants in both mothers and fathers. Parent personality and infant temperament were assessed via questionnaires filled out by each parent. Parental sensitivity was observationally coded during a dyadic, parent-infant face-to-face play task. Regression analyses revealed differential predictors of parental sensitivity for mothers and fathers and showed partial support for the goodness of fit perspective between the parent’s personality and infant’s temperament.
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Kemppainen, L. (Liisa). "Family predictors of severe mental disorders and criminality in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514265114.
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Abstract
Early family characteristics may influence the later development of severe
mental
disorders and criminality of a child. The association between an adverse family
environment during childhood and its later consequences in adulthood, however,
are still widely open. The aim of the present study was to analyse in a
longitudinal perspective, family risks of severe hospital-treated mental
disorders and criminal behaviour in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort and to
develop a descriptive life span model of schizophrenia.
A large, general population birth cohort (N =11 017), the Northern Finland
1966
Birth Cohort was used as a study population. This database provides the
information of prospectively collected data on both biological and social aspects
of pregnancy, the characteristics of family, the mother, the father, and the
child. The information of psychiatric outcomes was gathered from the Finnish
Hospital Discharge Register (FHDR) and the data on registered criminal behaviour
of the cohort members come from computerized files maintained by the Ministry of
Justice.
Children born to multiparous mothers (GMP) i.e. those that had undergone at
least
six deliveries were more commonly treated in mental hospitals later in life (4.5%
vs. 3.4%; p=0.028) than children born to mothers that have fewer children. Of the
diagnostic groups, the risk of psychoses other than schizophrenia (OR 2.3; 95% CI
1.2-4.7), and depressive disorders (OR 2.2; 1.0-4.5) was elevated among adult
children of those mothers.
Birth order was associated with adult schizophrenia. The risk was elevated
among
male firstborns (ratio 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.2), but it was lower than expected among
male lastborns (ratio 0.7; 95% CI 0.5-0.9). The elevated risk was not
significantly associated with female schizophrenia patients. On the contrary, the
risk was lower than expected among females who were not first, not last or not
only children in the family (ratio 0.6; 95% CI 0.3-0.9).
Among males the risk for violent crimes later in life was elevated among
the
only children (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-3.0). If perinatal risk was additional
exposure, the risk increased up to 4-fold (OR 4.4; 95% CI 1.9-10.8). Combining
with maternal risks increased the risk up to 6-fold (OR 5.9; 95% CI 3.1-11.3) and
with paternal risk up to 8-fold (OR 8.4; 95% CI 3.9-18.1), respectively.
Among females the absence of the father during childhood until the age of 14 was
the strongest risk factor in predicting later criminality (OR 2.5; 95% CI
1.4-4.3). Further, in the families, where the father was present, maternal
smoking during pregnancy together with being born unwanted increased the
prevalence for criminal offending significantly up to 7.2%.
In conclusion, some characteristics of the early childhood family
environment were associated with mental disorders and criminality in adulthood and form part
of the developmental trajectory of these disorders. Early detection of such
children at risk is important in preventing mental disorders and criminality in
adulthood.
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Carpenter, Rachel K., Alyssa P. Gretak, Jill D. Stinson, and Megan A. Quinn. "Early Childhood Adversity, Sex Offender Status, and Other Related Predictors of Suicidality in a Forensic Mental Health Sample." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7882.
Full textAbstract:
Individuals in the forensic mental health system who have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are more likely to display suicidal ideation and engage in suicidal or non-suicidal self-injurious behavior. Additionally, prior research suggests that sex offender status may be disproportionately associated with increased suicidality. The current study explores risk correlates in those at heightened risk of suicidality and self-harm due to involvement with the criminal justice system, the presence of serious mental illness, and exposure to ACEs.
Initial ACEs research explored the impact of self-reported physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and household dysfunction on long term adult mental and physical health outcomes. While the ACE survey is a strong determinant of possible later adulthood adversity in samples with a range of exposure to adversity, it may be less helpful in criminal justice and forensic populations who experience disproportionate exposure to ACEs. Other risk correlates above and beyond those identified in the ACE survey may influence suicidality and self-harm and are yet to be explored. Here, outcomes included history of suicide attempts, age at first suicide attempt, and if 1st psychiatric hospitalization resulted from attempting suicide. Predictors included gender, total ACE score, out of home placements, status as a violent or sexual offender, mental health diagnoses, multiple sexual perpetrators against female participants, and cause of parental incarceration.
Participants were 182 forensic inpatients in a maximum and intermediate security state hospital. The majority were male (81%; n = 147), with ethnicity nearly evenly distributed between Caucasian (56%; n = 101) and African-American (40%; n = 73), with few of Hispanic (2%; n = 4) or mixed ethnic (2%; n = 4) origins. Participants were, on average, 32.5 years of age (SD = 11.6, range 10-61). Most presented with a psychotic disorder (59.90%, n = 109), while other most frequent diagnoses included intellectual disability/cognitive developmental disorders (57.70%, n =1 05), a mood disorder (45.60%, n = 83), and impulse control disorders (22.5%, n = 41). Thirty-seven participants reported an ACE score of 0 (20.6%), 36 an ACE score of 1 (20. %), 32 an ACE score of 2 (17.8%), and 17 an ACE score of 3 (9.4%). Fifty-eight patients presented with an ACE score of 4+ (33%). Mean gender differences were significant (χ2 = 25.9, df = 8, p < .001), with the modal ACE score among female participants at 7, at a rate of nearly 23%. Of note, 29 (15.9%) had previous arrests for sexual offenses, and 79 (42.7%) were arrested for non-sexual violent offenses. Those remaining had engaged in these behaviors but were not arrested.
In order to evaluate the impact of our predictor variables on the relationship between ACE score and likelihood of an individual making a suicide attempt, a single predictor logistic model will be fitted to the data. History of suicide attempts included 96 participants (52.7%) having made an attempt. Because it is likely that ACE score alone will not explain the relationship between suicide attempts in a sample with such elevated ACE scores, additional predictors will be included in a multiple predictor logistic model, including status as a sexual offender. Similar analyses will examine the impact of ACEs, sex offender status, and other related variables on the likelihood that first psychiatric hospitalization resulted from suicidality. A one-way between subjects ANOVA will be conducted to compare the effect of an ACE score of four or more on the age at first suicide attempt. We will additionally examine the impact of sex offender vs. violent vs. other offense status on age at first suicide attempt.
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Tsikitis, Vassiliki, David Larson, Marianne Huebner, Christine Lohse, and Patricia Thompson. "Predictors of recurrence free survival for patients with stage II and III colon cancer." BioMed Central, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610351.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to evaluate clinico-pathologic specific predictors of recurrence for stage II/III disease. Improving recurrence prediction for resected stage II/III colon cancer patients could alter surveillance strategies, providing opportunities for more informed use of chemotherapy for high risk individuals.METHODS:871 stage II and 265 stage III patients with colon cancers were included. Features studied included surgery date, age, gender, chemotherapy, tumor location, number of positive lymph nodes, tumor differentiation, and lymphovascular and perineural invasion. Time to recurrence was evaluated, using Cox's proportional hazards models. The predictive ability of the multivariable models was evaluated using the concordance (c) index.RESULTS:For stage II cancer patients, estimated recurrence-free survival rates at one, three, five, and seven years following surgery were 98%, 92%, 90%, and 89%. Only T stage was significantly associated with recurrence. Estimated recurrence-free survival rates for stage III patients at one, three, five, and seven years following surgery were 94%, 78%, 70%, and 66%. Higher recurrence rates were seen in patients who didn't receive chemotherapy (p=0.023), with a higher number of positive nodes (p<0.001). The c-index for the stage II model was 0.55 and 0.68 for stage III.CONCLUSIONS:Current clinic-pathologic information is inadequate for prediction of colon cancer recurrence after resection for stage II and IIII patients. Identification and clinical use of molecular markers to identify the earlier stage II and III colon cancer patients at elevated risk of recurrence are needed to improve prognostication of early stage colon cancers.
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Hall, Heather Lynne. "Early teller acuity card estimates as predictors of long-term visual outcome in children with perinatal complications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ55507.pdf.
Full text
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Boucher, Signe Marie Simeonsson Rune J. "Joint attention, imitation, and repetitive behaviors as predictors of autism and expressive language ability in early childhood." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1091.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Education School Psychology." Discipline: Education; Department/School: Education.