Relevant bibliographies by topics / Early PCCI

Academic literature on the topic 'Early PCCI'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Early PCCI"

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Jeftić, Marko, Shui Yu, Xiaoye Han, Graham T. Reader, Meiping Wang, and Ming Zheng. "Effects of Postinjection Application with Late Partially Premixed Combustion on Power Production and Diesel Exhaust Gas Conditioning." Journal of Combustion 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/891096.

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The effects of postinjection with late partially premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) were investigated with respect to diesel exhaust gas conditioning and potential power production. Initial tests comparing postinjection application with PCCI to that with conventional diesel high temperature combustion (HTC) indicated the existence of similar trends in terms of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburned hydrocarbon (THC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and smoke emissions. However, postinjection in PCCI cycles exhibited lower NOxand smoke but higher CO and THC emissions. With PCCI operation, the use of postinjection showed much weaker ability for raising the exhaust gas temperature compared to HTC. Additional PCCI investigations generally showed increasing CO and THC, relatively constant NOx, and decreasing smoke emissions, as the postinjection was shifted further from top dead center (TDC). Decreasing the overall air-to-fuel ratio resulted in increased hydrogen content levels but at the cost of increased smoke, THC and CO emissions. The power production capabilities of early postinjection, combined with PCCI, were investigated and the results showed potential for early postinjection power production.
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Liang, Xingyu, Zhiwei Zheng, Hongsheng Zhang, Yuesen Wang, and Hanzhengnan Yu. "A Review of Early Injection Strategy in Premixed Combustion Engines." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (September 7, 2019): 3737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183737.

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Due to the increasing awareness of environmental protection, limitations on exhaust emissions of diesel engines have become increasingly stringent. This challenges diesel engine manufacturers to find a new balance between engine performance and emissions. Advanced combustion modes for diesel engines, such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI), which can simultaneously reduce exhaust emissions and substantially improve thermal efficiency, have drawn increasing attention. In order to allow enough time to prepare the homogeneous mixture, the early injection strategy has been utilized widely in HCCI and PCCI diesel engines. This paper is aimed at providing a comprehensive review of the effects of early injection parameters on the performance and emissions of HCCI and PCCI engines fueled by both diesel and alternative fuels. Various early injection parameters, including injection pressure, injection timing, and injection angle, are discussed. In addition, the effect of the blending ratio of alternative fuels is also summarized. Every change in parameters has its own advantages and disadvantages, which are explained in detail in order to help researchers choose the best early injection parameters for HCCI and PCCI engines.
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Kong, S.-C., Y. Ra, and R. D. Reitz. "Performance of multi-dimensional models for simulating diesel premixed charge compression ignition engine combustion using low- and high-pressure injectors." International Journal of Engine Research 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x30567.

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An engine CFD model has been developed to simulate premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion using detailed chemistry. The numerical model is based on the KIVA code that is modified to use CHEMKIN as the chemistry solver. The model was applied to simulate ignition, combustion, and emissions processes in diesel engines operated to achieve PCCI conditions. Diesel PCCI experiments using both low- and high-pressure injectors were simulated. For the low-pressure injector with early injection (close to intake valve closure), the model shows that wall wetting can be minimized by using a pressure-swirl atomizer with a variable spray angle. In the case of using a high-pressure injector, it is found that late injection (SOI = 5 ° ATDC) benefits soot emissions as a result of low-temperature combustion at highly premixed conditions. The model was also used to validate the emission reduction potential of an HSDI diesel engine using a double injection strategy that favours PCCI conditions. It is concluded that the present model is useful to assess future engine combustion concepts, such as PCCI and low-temperature combustion (LTC).
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Sakai, A., H. Takeyama, H. Ogawa, and N. Miyamoto. "Improvements in premixed charge compression ignition combustion and emissions with lower distillation temperature fuels." International Journal of Engine Research 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x58288.

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The charge mixture in a premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) engine with direct in-cylinder injection early in the compression stroke is still heterogeneous even at the compression end. Direct injection of a low-volatility fuel, such as diesel fuel, early in the compression stroke results in adhesion of unevaporated fuel on the cylinder liner wall. It may be possible to improve both mixture formation and homogeneity, and decrease wall wetting by using higher-volatility fuels with distillation temperatures lower than the in-cylinder gas temperature early in the compression stroke. This research addressed the potential for improvements in early direct injection type PCCI combustion with a higher-volatility fuel, experimentally and computationally. A normal heptane + isooctane blended fuel with ignitability similar to diesel fuel in PCCI operation was used as the higher-volatility fuel. The experimental results showed that the deterioration in thermal efficiency that occurs with advanced injection timings with ordinary diesel fuel could be eliminated with the higher-volatility fuel without significantly altering the total hydrocarbons (THC) and CO emissions. With early injection timings, the rate of heat release with diesel fuel is smaller than with higher-volatility fuels. This result suggests that with diesel fuel there is significant fuel adhesion to the cylinder liner wall and also absorption into the lubricating oil.
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Ji, Qian, Jie Li, Jingshan Wang, Ping Sun, and Pengcheng Wu. "Simulation analysis of the effects of methanol-polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers blends on combustion and emissions of a PCCI engine." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 03022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125203022.

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The effects of methanol/polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE) mixture with different blending ratios on premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion and emission performance have been researched through the anlysis of CFD software CONVERGE. Premixed combustion is achieved by a single early injection of fuel into the cylinder. The results show that the combustion start point delays and the peak pressure decreases with the increase of methanol blend ratio. The effects of injection timing on the combustion and emission characteristics of PCCI were studied by using a mixture of the same proportion of methanol. The results show that the advance of injection time leads to more homogeneous mixture and higher peak heat release. But too early injection reduces the temperature in the cylinder and makes the combustion worse, resulting in the increase of HC, soot and CO emissions. NOx emissions decrease with the advance of the injection time.
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Natarajan, S., S. Abhinav Shankar, and A. U. Meenakshi Sundareswaran. "Early Injected PCCI Engine Fuelled with Bio Ethanol and Diesel Blends – An Experimental Investigation." Energy Procedia 105 (May 2017): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.326.

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Park, Sangki, Woong Il Kim, and Ki-Hyung Lee. "EFFECTS OF EARLY-INJECTION STRATEGY ON THE COMBUSTION AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A PCCI DIESEL ENGINE." Atomization and Sprays 27, no. 1 (2017): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/atomizspr.2016016267.

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Sung, Yongha, Gilsung Jung, and Myung Taeck Lim. "Delay of ignition in early direct-injected PCCI engine combustion using fuel-evaporative cooling and cooled EGR." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 25, no. 6 (June 2011): 1409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-011-0401-4.

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HIRAYAMA, Kazuki, Takuji YOKOYAMA, Zhichao Bao, Naoto HORIBE, Hiroshi KAWANABE, and Takuji ISHIYAMA. "Study for Improvement of Diesel Engine Performance using a Combination of Early-injection PCCI and Conventional Diesel Combustion." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2018.93 (2018): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2018.93.1014.

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Kiplimo, Robert, Eiji Tomita, Nobuyuki Kawahara, and Sumito Yokobe. "HC2-1 Spectrum Analysis of Chemiluminescence of a Low Sooting PCCI Diesel Engine Operating with Moderately Early Injection Timing(HC: HCCI Combustion,General Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2012.8 (2012): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2012.8.410.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Early PCCI"

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Malatesta, C. "EARLY MUSIC NEL NOVECENTO ITALIANO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/543226.

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My Ph.D. dissertation focuses on the Early Music movement in Italy between the second post-war period and the end of the seventies in a historic-cultural point of view, limited to the revival of the Medieval repertoire. It is an initial inquiry of a complex and international phenomenon, whose Italian manifestation has still not been an object of research. In this work the phenomenon Early Music – analysed through historical, historiographic and ethnographic criteria – is settled into the broader Italian political, social and cultural context in order to underline the peculiarities, to detect the ideological, esthetical and political reasons which nourished it and to set up connections with other Italian experiences in the second half of the 20th Century, not only what music concern. The work is articulated in two sections. The first part focuses on the early music activity from the period of the post-war reconstruction to the early sixties, through the revival of the lauda and of the liturgical drama repertoire, particularly rich in those years. The first chapter deals with the presence of Medieval music in the cultural life of the post-war period, both what discography and live performance concern, with a particular attention on the attitude of the musical criticism. The second chapter broadens the chronologic span researching the origins of the lauda’s fortune during the Fascist era, aiming to a better comprehension of the phenomenon in the following decades. The third chapter focuses on Milan and on the activity of the choral ensemble Polifonica Ambrosiana in order to underline the revival of the ancient Italian repertoire and the choral practise as moment not only of musical, but also of moral reconstruction for the catholic communities before and during the Vatican Council. The second part examines the decade following the sixty-eight. The first chapter inserts the Italian experience into the international Early Music movement’s frame in the period of the socio-political revolutions, so as to highlight the consonances between the performance and use of early music and the sixty-eight ideals. The second chapter underlines the role of the pre-baroque music as a stimulus to the creation of an alternative musical education towards the academic one, while the third offers a bird’s eye view on the activity of the Italian groups specialised in Medieval music, pointing out some fundamental elements for the construction their identity and self-legitimation. The fourth chapter delves into the Italian Communist Party’s position about cultural politics and its activity within the recreational clubs. The objects of the last chapter are the musical, ideological and political synergies with experiences such as folk-revival and, more generally, with the performance of the folk repertoire and oral tradition.
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Boyarski, Nicholas James. "Experimental investigation of the effects of piston bowl geometry, nozzle spray angle, and engine control parameters on early injection premixed compression ignition (PCI) combustion in a HSDI diesel engine." 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/58538823.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2004.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-127).
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Books on the topic "Early PCCI"

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Kelman, Elaine. Practical intervention for early childhood stammering: Palin PCI approach. [Brackley], Bradwell Abbey, Milton Keynes: Speechmark, 2008.

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Crovetti, James A. Early opening of Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements to traffic. Madison, WI]: Wisconsin Highway Research Program, 2005.

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Thornton, Brenda Burdine. PCI early childhood curriculum. PCI Educational Pub, 2000.

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Nicholas, Alison, and Elaine Kelman. Practical Intervention for Early Childhood Stammering: Palin PCI Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Rathert, Cheryl, Timothy J. Vogus, and Laura McClelland. Re-humanizing Health Care. Edited by Ewan Ferlie, Kathleen Montgomery, and Anne Reff Pedersen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198705109.013.9.

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Patient-centered care (PCC) has been a focus of health care management for many years, with emphasis ranging from the policy and health system levels to individual care at the bedside. This chapter examines the state of PCC research and practice in the early 21st Century. We discuss how PCC has been defined by scholars, practitioners, and patients. We then review current trends in the use of patient experience measures, a key focus in efforts to improve health care delivery. Conceptually, we show that an essential component of PCC is a therapeutic relationship between care provider and patient; yet, many PCC measures do not capture this. Next we review research on work environment characteristics that influence PCC. We suggest that work environments that support caring and compassion, for patients as well as for care providers, best provide a foundation upon which high quality PCC can flourish.
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Opie, Lionel. Optimal Medical Therapy Post-AMI. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199544769.003.0006.

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• The management of an acute myocardial infarction can be divided into four phases: (a) The initial acute ischaemia causes severe prolonged chest pain when the patient is rushed to a Coronary or Intensive Care Unit; (b) Within the next few hours as ischaemia changes into infarction, the aim at this step is to restore blood flow in the occluded artery by thrombolysis or by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); (c) Next, the infarct is established and the left ventricle undergoes early remodeling; (d) Finally, follows the post-AMI post-hospital phase when continued left ventricular remodeling takes place• The therapeutic management of each of these steps can be optimized using appropriate medical therapy including antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy, beta-blockers, ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, lipid-lowering drugs, aldosterone antagonists, omega-3 fatty acids and so on.
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Epstein, Ben. The Social and Technological History of Political Communication Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698980.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 provides a historical overview of information and communications technology (ICT) development through the lens of political communication orders (PCOs) and political communication revolutions (PCRs). This chapter begins a focus on the first stage of the political communication cycle (PCC): the technological imperative. This historically rich chapter details the social and technological history of the four PCOs that have existed through American political history and the revolutions that disrupted them. First is the Elite PCO from the colonial era through the 1830s, when newspapers were printed for small, elite audiences. The Mass PCO emerged as printing technology and political access expanded in the early nineteenth century, creating the first mass media in the United States. Next, the Broadcast PCO grew out of the expansion of radio and later television use across the country. Finally, the Information PCO is linked to the internet and digital communication since the 1990s.
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Book chapters on the topic "Early PCCI"

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Goodwin, E. H., and E. A. Blakely. "Heavy-Ion Induced Chromatin Damage and Repair: PCC and Chromosome Painting." In The Early Effects of Radiation on DNA, 397–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75148-6_41.

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Laarman, Gerrit, and Maurits Dirksen. "Early Discharge After Primary PCI." In Mechanical Reperfusion for STEMI, 267–73. CRC Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781841847467-34.

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Kelman, Elaine, and Alison Nicholas. "Adapting Palin PCI." In Palin Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for Early Childhood Stammering, 229–38. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351122351-10.

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Malik, Nikesh, Amerjeet Banning, and Tony Gershlick. "Stent thrombosis." In Oxford Textbook of Interventional Cardiology, edited by Simon Redwood, Nick Curzen, and Adrian Banning, 473–500. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754152.003.0031.

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Over the past three decades, new strategies have evolved to optimize coronary revascularization techniques. As such, both coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have become standard treatments. Following the publication of trials showing a mortality benefit from CABG over PCI in only certain complex patient subsets, together with the clear central role of PCI in managing acute coronary syndromes, PCI has become the dominant mode of revascularization. The development of PCI has, however, been fraught with setbacks over the past 30 years. One critical issue in the early stages was the high restenosis rate, requiring a repeat procedure in up to one-third of patients. The development of bare metal stents and then drug-eluting stents (DES) dramatically reduced the incidence of restenosis now to less than 5%. While such improved clinical outcomes with DES have supported the widespread use of PCI, the issue of stent thrombosis remains a serious concern and hence the focus of continued research.
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Becker, Richard C., and Frederick A. Spencer. "Facilitated Percutaneous Coronary Intervention." In Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155648.003.0018.

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The failure of fibrinolytic therapy to restore physiologic myocardial perfusion in upward of 40% of patients supports the development of strategies to improve response rates to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in those requiring early procedures. The construct of facilitated PCI (pharmacoinvasive therapy) provides a platform for utilizing the strengths of existing therapies and treatment modalities. The Heparin in Early Patency (HEAP) trial (Zijlstra et al., 2002) included 1,702 patients treated with primary PCI for myocardial infarction (MI); 860 patients received aspirin (500 mg IV) and UFH (≥5,000 U IV) before being transported to the hospital and 842 patients received the same antithrombotic therapy in the hospital. TIMI 2 or 3 flow rates were higher in the pretreated group (31% vs. 20%; p = .001), and patients with TIMI 2 or 3 flow initially had a higher PCI success rate (94% vs. 89%; p <.001) and a lower 30-day mortality (1.6% vs. 3.4%; p = .04). The Plasminogen Activator Angioplasty Compatibility Trial (PACT) randomized 606 patients to receive a 50-mg bolus of alteplase or placebo, followed by immediate angiography and angioplasty if needed (Ross et al., 1999). TIMI flow rates on arrival to the catheterization laboratory were 33% and 15%, respectively. Facilitated PCI and primary PCI restored TIMI 3 flow in occluded vessels equally (77% and 79%, respectively). There were no differences in major bleeding. Left ventricular ejection fraction was highest in those with TIMI 3 flow on arrival to the catheterization laboratory or following PCI within 1 hour of alteplase administration. Full-dose fibrinolytic therapy with alteplase or reteplase followed by coronary angiography and PCI (if no clinical evidence of reperfusion) was evaluated retrospectively in the Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries (GUSTO) III trial (Miller et al., 1999). Among those undergoing PCI (n = 392), 87 patients received in-laboratory abciximab. A trend toward reduced mortality was observed in abciximab-treated patients, but at a higher cost of hemorrhagic complications. In the Strategies for Patency Enhancement in the Emergency Department (SPEED) trial (Herrmann et al., 2000), 323 patients who underwent PCI had an 88% procedural success rate and a 30-day composite of death, reinfarction, or revascularization of 5.6%.
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Osnabrugge, Ruben L. J., and A. Pieter Kappetein. "Cost-effectiveness." In ESC CardioMed, edited by William Wijns, 1395–99. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0339.

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Approximately 2% of the total healthcare expenditure in the European Union is spent on coronary artery disease and these expenditures are expected to increase. In order to make rational decisions on resource allocation, clinical and economic outcomes of treatment strategies need to be analysed together. Cost-effectiveness studies provide a framework for making such decisions. The early economic studies comparing balloon angioplasty with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) show that the early cost benefit of angioplasty is lost at long-term follow-up. CABG provides a clinically and economically attractive treatment option in patients with severe coronary artery disease. Later studies with bare-metal or drug eluting stents showed that the higher invasiveness of CABG leads to a longer hospital stay and higher upfront costs. However, at longer follow-up the cost difference is small and clinical outcomes with CABG are better than with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This makes CABG superior to PCI at long-term follow-up, both clinically and economically in patients with extensive coronary disease. Nevertheless, in patients with less complex coronary artery disease, PCI with drug-eluting stents may be preferred on both clinical and economic grounds. Although reduction in stent price does not have a big impact, several other developments may impact future economic comparisons between PCI and CABG. Newer-generation stents will enhance the clinical and economic profile of PCI. Moreover, better clinical decision-making tools and fractional flow reserve will impact the cost-effectiveness equation.
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Kelman, Elaine, and Alison Nicholas. "Parents’ and therapists’ experience of Palin PCI." In Palin Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for Early Childhood Stammering, 239–44. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351122351-11.

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Leibner, Gerardo. "The Italian Communist Party between “Old Comrades in Arms” and the Challenges of the New Armed Left." In Toward a Global History of Latin America's Revolutionary Left, 171–98. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401698.003.0005.

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During the 1960s the Italian Communist Party (PCI) developed a policy of dialogue and support toward many Latin American Communist Parties and left-wing organizations. The Cuban Revolution and the radicalization of new Latin American movements challenged Latin American Communist Parties and sympathetic outsiders like the PCI. Being an early exponent of the “pacific (and electoral) road toward socialism” and of autonomy from Soviet criteria, the PCI developed a close relationship with the Chilean Communist Party and gave support to Venezuelan Communists when they were under Fidel Castro’s criticism for retreating from armed struggle. However, between 1969 and 1972, the PCI also gave support to Brazilian guerrilla organizations. This was justified by the fact that “the pacific road” was cut off by the 1964 coup and the Brazilian military dictatorship. However, guerrillas were rivals to the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) and PCI assistance was given despite the protests of Luis Carlos Prestes, the PCB’s leader. This chapter shows how the PCI was influenced by sentimental and moral identifications of its cadres. This case study therefore contributes to a complex understanding of the relations between Communist Parties and the revolutionary armed movements of the 1960s and 1970s in Latin America and Europe.
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Byrne, Jonathan, GertJan Laarman, and Philip MacCarthy. "Routine management after percutaneous coronary intervention." In Oxford Textbook of Interventional Cardiology, 87–98. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199569083.003.007.

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Following a technically successful procedure, it is the post-procedural care of the patient that will often dictate both short- and long-term outcomes. Post-procedural care involves close monitoring of the patient for early complications, which may be secondary to the procedure itself or the presenting complaint. Immediate complications following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may occur due to bleeding, most commonly at the access site, or due to early cardiac complications, often related to technical issues during the procedure. Non-cardiac complications, such as the development of contrast nephropathy, will become apparent in the hours or days following the initial procedure. Prompt and accurate identification of post-procedural complications is essential if they are to be managed effectively, and identification of the ‘at risk’ patient may also facilitate early identification of problems when they do occur. Complication rates are higher in patients with acute coronary syndromes, often exacerbated by aggressive antithrombotic regimens, and also in older patients with comorbid conditions. The type of care and length of stay will also vary according to the clinical context and needs to be carefully considered once the PCI has been performed. Following discharge, the longer-term management of residual coronary disease and recurrent ischaemia along with appropriate secondary prevention may all affect longer-term outcome. This chapter will examine the issues surrounding the immediate and longer-term care of the patient following PCI.
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Perera, Divaka, and Natalia Briceno. "Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with impaired left ventricular function." In Oxford Textbook of Interventional Cardiology, edited by Simon Redwood, Nick Curzen, and Adrian Banning, 273–84. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754152.003.0018.

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Changes in left ventricular (LV) function are an early manifestation of the ischaemic cascade, and often precede well-recognized markers of ischaemia. Prolonged post-ischaemic myocardial dysfunction can persist for hours or days after bloodflow is restored. Patients with impaired LV function at the outset face potentially hazardous clinical consequences from percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This chapter explores the options for optimizing PCI when LV function is impaired, different uses of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (including intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and LV assist devices) with the aim of preventing the development of cardiogenic shock, and the impact of revascularization in ischaemic cardiomyopathy and the role of viability testing.
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Conference papers on the topic "Early PCCI"

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André, M., B. Walter, G. Bruneaux, F. Foucher, and C. Mounaim-Rousselle. "Optimizing Early Injection Strategy for Diesel PCCI Combustion." In SAE 2009 Powertrains Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2731.

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Kanda, Tomohiro, Takazo Hakozaki, Tatsuya Uchimoto, Jyunichi Hatano, Naoto Kitayama, and Hiroshi Sono. "PCCI Operation with Early Injection of Conventional Diesel Fuel." In SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0378.

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Kim, Yungjin, Sangki Park, and Kihyung Lee. "Investigation of the Optimal Injection Conditions for a PCCI Diesel Engine." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92178.

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Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) engines have the potential with their attractive advanced combustion process to achieve a more homogeneous mixture and a lower peak combustion temperature resulting in both lower nitrogen oxides (NOx) and diesel particulate matter (PM) emissions. In this study, the spray characteristics for a PCCI engine according to various injection conditions were introduced and then the effects of injection strategies such as injection angles, injection timings and times on combustion and emissions were studied for a single cylinder PCCI engine using early multiple injections first. Add more, a method of early-main type split injection was used for a 4-cylinder PCCI engine and the effects of injection conditions on the combustion and emission characteristics were investigated. Finally flame visualization tests were performed to validate the result obtained from the engine test. The experimental results showed that the mixture formation, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), and emission characteristics were dominantly affected by the injection conditions and the multiple injection method resulted in higher IMEP and still low smoke level characteristics. It appeared that more homogeneous mixture could be formed with decreasing of spray penetration and increasing of fuel evaporation rate for the early multiple injections. In case of the split injection, both injection timing and injected fuel ratio of the early and main injection largely affected engine combustion and emission characteristics. From the results, as the early injection rate increased premixed combustion was activated, on the other hand, as the main injection rate increased conventional diesel combustion was activated, therefore suitable split injection conditions could be selected for the 4-cylinder PCCI engine.
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Wada, Yoshimitsu, Yuji Nishimura, Akihiro Yamaguchi, Noriyuki Magara, Jiro Senda, and Hajime Fujimoto. "Controlling PCCI Combustion with Mixed Fuel - Application of Flashing Spray to Early Injection." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0624.

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Soloiu, Valentin, Marvin Duggan, Henry Ochieng, David Williams, Gustavo Molina, and Brian Vlcek. "Investigation of Low Temperature Combustion Regimes of Biodiesel With n-Butanol Injected in the Intake Manifold of a Compression Ignition Engine." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92053.

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In this study, the in-cylinder soot and NOx trade off was investigated in a Compression Engine by implementing Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) coupled with Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) for selected regimes of 1–3 bars IMEP. In order to achieve that, an omnivorous (multi-fuel) single cylinder diesel engine was developed by injecting n-butanol in the intake port while being fueled with biodiesel by direct injection in the combustion chamber. By applying this methodology, the in-cylinder pressure decreased by 25% and peak pressure was delayed in the power stroke by about 8 CAD for the cycles in which the n-butanol was injected in the intake manifold at the engine speed of 800 rpm and low engine loads, corresponding to 1–3 bars IMEP. Compared with the baseline taken with ultra-low sulfur diesel no. 2 (USLD#2), the heat release presented a more complex shape. At 1–2 bars IMEP, the premixed charge stage of the combustion totally disappeared and a prolonged diffusion stage was found instead. At 3 bars IMEP, an early low temperature heat release was present that started 6 degrees (1.25 ms) earlier than the diesel reference heat release with a peak at 350 CAD corresponding to 1200 K. Heat losses from radiation of burned gas in the combustion chamber decreased by 10–50% while the soot emissions showed a significant decrease of about 98%, concomitantly with a 98% NOx reduction at 1 IMEP, and 77% at 3 IMEP, by controlling the combustion phases. Gaseous emissions were measured using an AVL SESAM FTIR and showed that there were high increases in CO, HC and NMHC emissions as a result of PCCI/LTC strategy; nevertheless, the technology is still under development. The results of this work indicate that n-butanol can be a very promising fuel alternative including for LTC regimes.
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Kong, Song-Charng, Yong Sun, and Rolf D. Reitz. "Modeling Diesel Spray Flame Lift-Off, Sooting Tendency and NOx Emissions Using Detailed Chemistry With Phenomenological Soot Model." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2005-1009.

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A detailed chemistry-based CFD model was developed to simulate the diesel spray combustion and emission process. A reaction mechanism of n-heptane is coupled with a reduced NOx mechanism to simulate diesel fuel oxidation and NOx formation. The soot emission process is simulated by a phenomenological soot model that uses a competing formation and oxidation rate formulation. The model is applied to predict the diesel spray lift-off length and its sooting tendency under high temperature and pressure conditions with good agreement with experiments of Sandia. Various nozzle diameters and chamber conditions were investigated. The model successfully predicts that the sooting tendency is reduced as the nozzle diameter is reduced and/or the initial chamber gas temperature is decreased, as observed by the experiments. The model is also applied to simulate diesel engine combustion under PCCI-like conditions. Trends of heat release rate, NOx and soot emissions with respect to EGR levels and start-of-injection timings are also well predicted. Both experiments and models reveal that soot emissions peak when the start of injection occurs close to TDC. The model indicates that low soot emission at early SOI is due to better oxidation while low soot emission at late SOI is due to less formation. Since NOx emissions decrease monotonically with injection retardation, a late injection scheme can be utilized for simultaneous soot and NOx reduction for the engine conditions investigated in this study.
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Spirakis, Paul G., Vasileios Vlachos, Vassilios Karakoidas, Dimitrios Liappis, Dimitrios Kalaitzis, Eftychios Valeontis, Spyros Kollias, and George Argyros. "Blueprints for a Large-Scale Early Warning System." In 2010 14th Panhellenic Conference on Informatics (PCI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pci.2010.27.

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Kislov, Konstantin, Fedor Vinberg, Aleksandr Kushnir, and Valentin Gravirov. "Early warning system and man-made noise." In 2012 IV International Conference "Problems of Cybernetics and Informatics" (PCI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpci.2012.6486342.

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Zimmermann, Frederik, and Rachel Giles. "Plot twist for negative FAME 3 results: early QoL benefits of PCI." In 71st ACC Scientific Session, edited by Marc Bonaca. Baarn, the Netherlands: Medicom Medical Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55788/b90ab30d.

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Raghavendra, A. M., and R. E. Kinicki. "A simulation performance study of TCP Vegas and Random Early Detection." In 1999 IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference (Cat. No.99CH36305). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pccc.1999.749435.

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Reports on the topic "Early PCCI"

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Issa, Mohsen. Effect of Early-Age Concrete Elastic Properties on Fatigue Damage in PCC Pavements Containing Fibers. Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/17-025.

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Wei, Fulu, Ce Wang, Xiangxi Tian, Shuo Li, and Jie Shan. Investigation of Durability and Performance of High Friction Surface Treatment. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317281.

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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) completed a total of 25 high friction surface treatment (HFST) projects across the state in 2018. This research study attempted to investigate the durability and performance of HFST in terms of its HFST-pavement system integrity and surface friction performance. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties of epoxy-bauxite mortar. Field inspections were carried out to identify site conditions and common early HFST distresses. Cyclic loading test and finite element method (FEM) analysis were performed to evaluate the bonding strength between HFST and existing pavement, in particular chip seal with different pretreatments such as vacuum sweeping, shotblasting, and scarification milling. Both surface friction and texture tests were undertaken periodically (generally once every 6 months) to evaluate the surface friction performance of HFST. Crash records over a 5-year period, i.e., 3 years before installation and 2 years after installation, were examined to determine the safety performance of HFST, crash modification factor (CMF) in particular. It was found that HFST epoxy-bauxite mortar has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) significantly higher than those of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures and Portland cement concrete (PCC), and good cracking resistance. The most common early HFST distresses in Indiana are reflective cracking, surface wrinkling, aggregate loss, and delamination. Vacuum sweeping is the optimal method for pretreating existing pavements, chip seal in particular. Chip seal in good condition is structurally capable of providing a sound base for HFST. On two-lane highway curves, HFST is capable of reducing the total vehicle crash by 30%, injury crash by 50%, and wet weather crash by 44%, and providing a CMF of 0.584 in Indiana. Great variability may arise in the results of friction tests on horizontal curves by the use of locked wheel skid tester (LWST) due both to the nature of vehicle dynamics and to the operation of test vehicle. Texture testing, however, is capable of providing continuous texture measurements that can be used to calculate a texture height parameter, i.e., mean profile depth (MPD), not only for evaluating friction performance but also implementing quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) plans for HFST.
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Shaver, Greg, and Miles Droege. Develop and Deploy a Safe Truck Platoon Testing Protocol for the Purdue ARPA-E Project in Indiana. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317314.

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Hilly terrain poses challenges to truck platoons using fixed set speed cruise control. Driving the front truck efficiently on hilly terrain improves both trucks fuel economies and improves gap maintenance between the trucks. An experimentally-validated simulation model was used to show fuel savings for the platoon of 12.3% when the front truck uses long horizon predictive cruise control (LH-PCC), 8.7% when the front truck uses flexible set speed cruise control, and only 1.2% when the front truck uses fixed set speed cruise control. Purdue, Peloton, and Cummins have jointly configured two Peterbilt 579 trucks for relevant combinations of: (1) coordinated shifting, (2) constant or variable platoon gap controls, (3) flexible or constant speed setpoint cruise control of the front trucks, and (4) long-horizon predictive cruise control (LHPCC) of the front truck. Confirmation of this functionality during platooning was demonstrated at the Continental Test track in Uvalde, Texas. In Indiana, on-road experiments were limited to single truck operation with long-horizon predictive cruise control, flexible set speed cruise control, and constant setpoint cruise control. Data from all of the above was used to improve the fidelity of simulations used to arrive at the fuel savings and gap control findings for hilly terrain per what is summarized in the findings section. Additionally, in early summer 2020, Purdue submitted to, and received improvement from, INDOT for a safe truck platoon testing protocol (located in this report’s appendix), which could not be implemented in Indiana before the end of the project because of COVID-19. Presentations of the subject matter at COMVEC, MAASTO, Purdue Road School, and the Work Truck Show are listed in the appendix.
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