Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Early nineteenth century England'
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1
Webb, Nicholas. "Representations of the seasons in early-nineteenth-century England." Thesis, University of York, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265368.
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Riss, Richard M. "Early nineteenth century Protestant views of biblical inspiration in England and America." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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Swenson, Astrid. "Conceptualising heritage in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century France, Germany and England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613051.
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Sneddon, Samantha Mhairi. "Infant and early childhood mortality in Fenland England during the late nineteenth century." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578064.
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Nutt, Thomas William. "Illegitimacy and the poor law in late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284057.
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Ashworth, William J. "Memory, foresight and production : the work of analysis in early nineteenth-century England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272281.
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Newbold, Edward John. "The geography of poor relief expenditure in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century rural Oxfordshire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a5d69649-330d-4c60-998b-41d0969a5c3c.
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This thesis aims to explore the relationship between the geographies of law, society, economy and the physical environment in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century rural England. It uses as its exploring ground the operation of the Old Poor Law in rural Oxfordshire. This county was chosen because it was both a microcosm of the farming landscape of Southern England and was one of the counties where the problem of poor relief was most acutely felt. Chapter 1 establishes that the mapping out of spatial diversity, and the consideration of the forces moulding it, is fundamental to an understanding of the functioning of the Old Poor Law. Chapter 2 uses data contained in the parliamentary returns to demonstrate some clear regional differences in the level of poor relief and the chronology of change. Chapters 3 and 4 show that these regional averages and trends do not make intelligible the kaleidoscopic welter of local variations indicated by a closer examination of parish records. Chapters 5 and 6 consider poor relief expenditure in four parishes: Cropredy, Pyrton, Spelsbury and Stoke Lyne. These show that differences in the level of poor relief expenditure cannot automatically be taken to indicate variations in the level of what we might think of as unemployment or poverty. The generosity of disbursements, and therefore the real incomes of the poor, could also vary markedly between parishes. Thus, the Old Poor Law cannot be detached from the particular places in which it acquired its meaning and saliency. Its impact upon the daily lives of ratepayers, administrators and recipient can be established and the poor treated as individuals rather than as abstract units of labour.
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Gribble, Laura. "Metropolitan philanthropy : popular education and political culture in early nineteenth-century England (1800-1830)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313552.
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Piccinini, Sabrina. "'The good old times' : the recovery of medieval literature in early nineteenth-century England." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423694.
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Young, Tracey Elizabeth. "Popular attitudes towards rural customs and rights in late nineteenth and early twentieth century England." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/3473.
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The central aim of this study is to explore rural attitudes concerning subsistence customary practices, such as gleaning from the harvested fields, catching wild rabbits, birds or fish; gathering wild foods; and collecting wood, furze and gorse. It focuses on the period between 1860 and 1920, when social, economic, political and cultural, changes and transformations, were taking place in rural England. It is a comparative regional study of the Cambridge Fens in Cambridgeshire, the Nene River Valley in Northamptonshire and parts of the Chilterns, mostly situated in Buckinghamshire. Tensions and conflicts concerning customary practices were often expressed through petty and social crime, and these can be viewed in the weekly petty session reports published in local and regional newspapers. These are a reliable and continuous historical source regarding the business of the local courts, which along with school log books, memoirs and diaries, provide insights into the attitudes and opinions of rural populations. The particular significance of this study is that it extends the current historiography and aids our understanding of rural conflict associated with popular culture during this period. The continuation and perpetuation of customary beliefs relied on memory, repetition, negotiation and community tenacity. But ultimately the continuation of asserting such rights, and the shape and form this took, depended on the availability of resources in each region, and individual’s and community’s changing needs and requirements.
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Gupta, Abhijit. "The publishing history of novels by women in late nineteenth and early twentieth century England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362575.
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Sterling, Lorelei Rose. "The greening of Russell Square Russell Square as a lens on the historical development of early nineteenth century London /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/L_Sterling_042409.pdf.
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Day, David John. "From Barclay to Brickett : coaching practices and coaching lives in nineteenth and early twentieth century England." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4158.
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Training and the role of the coach became central to sporting activities during the nineteenth century with the term 'coach' appearing in rowing and cricket reports from the 1840s. As in other social processes, the complexity of training evolved with constant reference to the past and coaches continued to depend on oral traditions linked to personal experience, their ability to innovate and apply entrepreneurial skills, and a body of craft knowledge operating within communities of practice. As the nature of British society changed, coaching communities came under threat especially from the structural restrictions imposed by nineteenth century amateur regulators who excluded professional pedagogues from emergent governing bodies. Led by the medical establishment, traditional coaching skills and knowledge were publicly discredited by men who embraced 'scientific' and 'moderate' approaches to training. A swimming case study analyses how this policy of separation through enforcement led to a decline in English competitiveness internationally as amateur administrators discouraged technical developments. Swimming also prOVides a useful medium for exploring how a variation in coaching biographies, in this case of Professors Frederick Beckwith and Walter Brickett, could result from the power of sporting bodies to structurally determine the nature of the coaching environment. However, the extent of the impact of this amateur professional dichotomy needs to be viewed as something other than a sudden fault in the timeline of coaching. Faced with deskilling, with structural constraints, and with the hostile values of amateurism, some professional coaches utilised their entrepreneurial skills to make a living from their knowledge and expertise, while others found ways to work within, and alongside, the dominant amateur structures. The craftsmanship, entrepreneurship, and innovations of all these men may have been diluted but the late nineteenth century amateur hegemony in sport did not immediately lead to the extinction of professional coaching cultures. Keywords: Frederick Beckwith; Coaching; Training; Walter Brickett; Communities of Practice; Swimming.
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Donnelly, James F. "Chemical education and the chemical industry in England from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/500/.
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The thesis examines the relationship between formal education and the chemical industry from about 1850 to about 1920. It first surveys relevant literature and discusses historiographical and definitional matters. It then sketches aspects of the relationship between science, education and technique during the early nineteenth century. It moves on to explore the representation of that relationship during the period of the thesis proper. It argues that this was dominated by a view articulated largely by academic chemists from the mid-century. Industrial relevance was exploited as a means of promoting research and teaching. This, rather than an 'objective' analysis, influenced the view which was promoted. Alternative, more directly technical, approaches were envisaged by some industrialists. At the turn of the century a complex negotiation was in progress, focusing on the place of technological disciplines in academe. Attempts to establish chemical technology curricula in the nineteenth century are surveyed. Reasons are suggested for their failure, particularly the difficulties in publicly transmitting and creating commercially sensitive knowledge and the pressures of curricular and institutional hierarchies. By contrast curricula in 'pure' chemistry were numerically successful. The thesis examines the recruitment of chemistry students by the industrial and educational sectors. It surveys the occupations of a sample of students from a range of English institutions. It concludes that industrial recruitment had a greater role than has been suggested by some scholars. The recruitment and employment of trained men in a number of chemical firms is surveyed, and it is concluded that their main role was in routine analysis. Expansion of this activity was slow, involving vertical routes into managerial positions rather than functional specialization and bureaucracies. A class of technically-trained routine analysts was created. The growth of chemical engineering as academic field and occupation is examined. The roles of academics and industrialists in conceptualizing the field around 'unit operations' are discussed. An account is given of the emergence of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.
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Collier, Jacqueline. "A 'blessed asylum' or a utopian vision : the viability of a Protestant nunnery in early nineteenth-century England." Thesis, Bath Spa University, 2014. http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/5158/.
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In 1694, Mary Astell proposed the establishment of Protestant nunneries in England; in 1809, Helena Whitford reiterated the theme; yet, it was Lady Isabella King in 1816 who sought to put this radical idea into effect. A single, Irish, evangelically influenced gentlewoman, a younger daughter of the Earl of Kingston, she established the Ladies’ Association, a ‘conventual’ home for eighteen distressed gentlewomen at Bailbrook House in Bath in 1816, securing support for it from such influential figures as Queen Charlotte, William Wilberforce and Robert Southey. When Bailbrook House was sold in 1821, she relocated the Ladies’ Association to Clifton in Bristol, where its eventual failure in 1835 shattered her vision of establishing a national scheme of conventual homes that would benefit future generations of women. Limited attention has yet been paid by historians to the role elite women played in creating and managing philanthropic institutions in the early nineteenth century, particularly those aimed at assisting other women in an urban setting. Some historians of philanthropy, such as Frank Prochaska, have identified an ‘explosion’ of early nineteenth-century female activity; however, elite women’s charitable contributions have tended to be understood as rural, concentrating on family estates. Kim Reynolds, who has addressed Victorian elite women’s philanthropy in an urban setting, maintains it functioned simply as a strand of elite women’s work. This dissertation draws upon a previously unstudied collection of papers compiled and annotated by Lady Isabella King, which span the existence of the Ladies’ Association, in order to explore the nature of Lady Isabella’s involvement in this philanthropic venture and her understanding of her role. Thus it not only seeks to recover Lady Isabella as an important historical figure in the development of early nineteenth-century philanthropic ventures, something for which she was recognised by her contemporaries, but also to examine the structure of her unique experimental institution and cast some light on the sorts of women who became its residents. By doing so, it provides a case study in the development and practical application of a philanthropic ideal. It examines the ways that Lady Isabella, quite a conventional elite single woman, used her status, her location and her networks to create and maintain the institution for nearly twenty years. It provides a valuable opportunity to examine a number of the problems she faced in establishing and running the institution, given the social and gendered milieu in which she was operating, and the strategies she employed to achieve her ends. I argue that Lady Isabella’s elite status provided her with the wealth and access to influential social circles to make a difference, that her single status added independence to devote time to her cause and while she was initially beset with self-doubts about her competence to author and manage the project, she gradually gained confidence as she developed ways to implement and manage the institution. At the same time the groundbreaking nature of the Ladies’ Association, the consequent public criticism and a growing discordant atmosphere among the residents of the institution lead to its closure in 1835.
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Rawlings, Philip. "The reform of punishment and the criminal justice system in England and Wales from the late seventeenth century to the early nineteenth century." Thesis, University of Hull, 1988. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3150.
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Mingins, Rosemary. "Focus and perspective on the Beacon controversy : some Quaker responses to the Evangelical revival in early nineteenth-century England." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414320.
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Funnell, P. D. "Richard Payne Knight 1751-1824 : Aspects of aesthetics and art criticism in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371644.
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Walsh, Barbara Mary. "A social history of Roman Catholic nuns and sisters in nineteenth and early twentieth-century England and Wales : the veiled dynamic." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301257.
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Sams, Steven Michael. "The Cauldron of Enmities: The Friends of Ireland and the Conflict between Liberalism and Democracy in the Early Nineteenth Century Atlantic World." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_theses/4.
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In 1828 the Friends of Ireland formed in the United States in order to support Daniel O’Connell’s Catholic Association in Ireland. The Catholic Association campaigned for Catholic Emancipation, a successful movement that promoted the participation of Catholic elites in the United Kingdom Parliament. In the 1840s the Friends of Repeal formed in the United States in order to support Daniel O’Connell’s Repeal Association in Ireland. This organization sought the repeal of the Act of Union of 1800, which had created the United Kingdom and dismantled the Irish Parliament. This time, the movement failed due to mounting sectionalism and sectarianism in both countries. Using Charleston's Catholic Miscellany and the Boston Pilot as primary sources, this thesis explores how Irish Americans participated in the Jacksonian-era public sphere and how the Emancipation and Repeal campaigns illuminated the sometimes competing claims of liberalism and democracy in the Atlantic world.
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Doyle, Christine. ""A Potential Citizen, a Fighting Man or a Mother of Fighting Men": Public Health, Mothercraft, and Biopower in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century England." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38531.
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From the late nineteenth century to the end of the Great War, Britain underwent a profound transition in the way the State conceptualized and approached the related issues of infant mortality, maternal welfare, and public health. For much of the nineteenth century, the State’s liberal, laissez-faire tradition dictated an anti-interventionist approach to public health which emphasized the notion of personal responsibility and respected individual liberties. Complementing this, the fragmented, localized and disciplinary governance methods this engendered were reflective of the Foucauldian power technology of anatomo-power. However, armed with knowledge of the conditions of the slums and the military consequences such conditions reaped shortly after the turn of the century, Britain’s legislative and governance approach to infant and maternal welfare, and public health more generally, evolved as the State began to take greater control over these issues in a manner reflective of a turn towards the welfare state and biopolitics. However, it was only upon the declaration of War in 1914, and in response to the cataclysmic threats this conflict presented, that the conditions occurred which allowed the State to exert an unprecedented authority over the population. This implicitly challenged the traditions of laissez faire-liberalism and anatomo-power, and reflected a pivotal turn towards the welfare state and the implementation of biopolitical governance techniques. Using Foucault’s theory of biopolitics, this thesis assesses this transition with a view to emphasizing the experiences of working-class women, their children, and how their health and welfare improved as a result of these complementary and parallel transitions.
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Wennerbom, Alan John. "Charles Lyell and Gideon Mantell, 1821-1852: Their Quest for Elite Status in English Geology. Supplementary Volume: The Correspondence between Charles Lyell and his family and Gideon Algernon Mantell: 1821-1852." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/380.
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An analysis of the correspondence between Charles Lyell and Gideon Mantell from 1821 to 1852, in conjunction with other manuscript material, highlights the contrasting backgrounds and geological careers of the two men. It is also characterised by two underlying themes: the nature and timing of their geological work; and the influence of various social factors on their career plans and desire to achieve high social and scientific status. In turn, these points raise several wider issues and inter-related questions concerning the following aspects of English geology in the first half of the nineteenth century. When, why and how did an elite group of geologists emerge in England during this period? Who were its members and what were their characteristics in common? What was the nature and scope of the geological work carried out by the identified elite? In what way did it differ from Mantell's? What social and other barriers did Mantell encounter in his search for scientific and social status? What were the critical factors? In this thesis these issues are examined on a decade-by-decade basis, in three main chapters, as a prelude to examining the central question of why Mantell, unlike Lyell, did not achieve the status of an elite geologist. First, an elite group of English geologists is identified through a series of prosopographic and 'screening' analyses of all members of council of the Geological Society of London (GSL). Geologists who did not meet the prescribed criteria are taken into account. Thirteen geologists are identified in the penultimate and final stages of screening over the four decades. Mantell was the only provincial identified, but he did not attain a position in the final list, which consisted exclusively of a distinctive group of 'gentleman-specialists'. Second, the concept of a geological 'domain' is introduced to analyse the nature and scope of the geological work carried out by the identified group. A critical finding is that all members identified in the final 'screening' list established a 'domain' in one of four categories of the concept and were recognised as the leading authority or exponent of the domain they had fashioned. Finally, the impact and relative importance of specific social and other factors on the careers of Lyell and Mantell are examined. When the findings from each decade of the three chapters are brought together it is shown that by the end of the 1820s it was necessary for a future elite geologist to be so 'positioned' in terms of basic geological experience, location, income and available time that he was able to identify and subsequently fashion an appropriate geological 'domain'. 'Gentleman-specialists', such as Lyell, who were able to follow this strategy, constituted a clearly defined elite that dominated the GSL in the 1830s and 1840s. Mantell's failure to achieve elite geological status stemmed from the fact that he placed too much emphasis on fashioning his image and social status, rather than his scientific career. In doing so, he let the opportunity slip of establishing a major domain - British fossil reptiles - in the early 1830s.
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Wennerbom, Alan John. "Charles Lyell and Gideon Mantell, 1821-1852: Their Quest for Elite Status in English Geology. Supplementary Volume: The Correspondence between Charles Lyell and his family and Gideon Algernon Mantell: 1821-1852." University of Sydney, History and Philosophy of Science, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/380.
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An analysis of the correspondence between Charles Lyell and Gideon Mantell from 1821 to 1852, in conjunction with other manuscript material, highlights the contrasting backgrounds and geological careers of the two men. It is also characterised by two underlying themes: the nature and timing of their geological work; and the influence of various social factors on their career plans and desire to achieve high social and scientific status. In turn, these points raise several wider issues and inter-related questions concerning the following aspects of English geology in the first half of the nineteenth century. When, why and how did an elite group of geologists emerge in England during this period? Who were its members and what were their characteristics in common? What was the nature and scope of the geological work carried out by the identified elite? In what way did it differ from Mantell's? What social and other barriers did Mantell encounter in his search for scientific and social status? What were the critical factors? In this thesis these issues are examined on a decade-by-decade basis, in three main chapters, as a prelude to examining the central question of why Mantell, unlike Lyell, did not achieve the status of an elite geologist. First, an elite group of English geologists is identified through a series of prosopographic and 'screening' analyses of all members of council of the Geological Society of London (GSL). Geologists who did not meet the prescribed criteria are taken into account. Thirteen geologists are identified in the penultimate and final stages of screening over the four decades. Mantell was the only provincial identified, but he did not attain a position in the final list, which consisted exclusively of a distinctive group of 'gentleman-specialists'. Second, the concept of a geological 'domain' is introduced to analyse the nature and scope of the geological work carried out by the identified group. A critical finding is that all members identified in the final 'screening' list established a 'domain' in one of four categories of the concept and were recognised as the leading authority or exponent of the domain they had fashioned. Finally, the impact and relative importance of specific social and other factors on the careers of Lyell and Mantell are examined. When the findings from each decade of the three chapters are brought together it is shown that by the end of the 1820s it was necessary for a future elite geologist to be so 'positioned' in terms of basic geological experience, location, income and available time that he was able to identify and subsequently fashion an appropriate geological 'domain'. 'Gentleman-specialists', such as Lyell, who were able to follow this strategy, constituted a clearly defined elite that dominated the GSL in the 1830s and 1840s. Mantell's failure to achieve elite geological status stemmed from the fact that he placed too much emphasis on fashioning his image and social status, rather than his scientific career. In doing so, he let the opportunity slip of establishing a major domain - British fossil reptiles - in the early 1830s.
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Shaw, Martyn. "The 'Nicholsonian effect' : aspects of 'tone' in early nineteenth-century flute performance practice in England, with particular reference to the work of Charles Nicholson (1795-1837)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4923/.
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Charles Nicholson (1795-1837) was one of the most important figures in the evolution of the flute. His influence on the design of the Boehm flute is widely acknowledged. However, the contribution he made as a catalyst for developments in flute performance practice in early nineteenth-century England, is not. Such was Nicholson’s reputation for variety of tone in his playing, that the term ‘Nicholsonian effect’ was coined. This research examines the tone of the flute, and uniquely places it within the context of the interrelationship between performance, pedagogy and flute-design in Nicholson’s work. Tone manipulation emerges as a crucial feature of the style with particular importance attached to three things: tone-colour, ‘vibration’ and the glide. The resulting tone variation constitutes the essence of the style. Research in this field is lacking, and has established only broader performing contexts. This research represents the first detailed study of the form and function of tone-colour, ‘vibration’ and the glide within early nineteenth-century English flute performance practice. An original ‘Nicholson’s “Improved” flute’ has been used to inform the research throughout this study. It will also be used to apply the research in the recital which forms the other half of my PhD submission.
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Wall, Brian Robert. "The Man in the Transatlantic Crowd: The Early Reception of Edgar Allan Poe in Victorian England." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1422.
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An important anomaly in transatlantic criticism is the contrast between transatlantic theory and the applied criticism of literature through a transatlantic lens. While most transatlantic scholars assert the value of individual strands of thought throughout the globe and stress the importance of overcoming national hegemonic barriers in literature, applied criticism generally favors an older model that privileges British literary thought in the nineteenth century. I claim that both British and American writers can influence each other, and that mutations in thought can travel both ways across the Atlantic. To argue this claim, I begin by analyzing the influence of Blackwood's Magazine on the literary aesthetic of Edgar Allan Poe. While Poe's early works read very similar to Blackwood's articles, he positioned himself against Blackwood's in the middle of his career and developed a different, although derivative, approach to psychological fiction. I next follow this psychological strain back across the Atlantic, where Oscar Wilde melded aspects of Poe's fiction to his own unique form of satire and social critique.
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Robinson, Wendy. "The Pupil-Teacher Centre in England and Wales in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries : policy, practice and promise." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271979.
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Cerquozzi, Giancarlo. "Beyond Crime, Sin and Disease: Same-Sex Behaviour Nomenclature and the Sexological Construction of the Homosexual Personage in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36513.
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Over the course of history, many cross-cultural efforts have been made to understand better the form and function of male same-sex behaviour. Initial naming exercises evaluated the sexual actions taken, and categorized these behaviours as expressions of crime, sin and disease. Various historical accounts note that it was in fin-de-siècle Germany and England, however, that several concepts were developed for the first time to encapsulate male same-sex behaviour, and to identify the type of men engaging in such conduct, in a more tolerant way. Operating within the taxonomic impulse of the eighteenth century, sexology — the scientific study of sexualities and sexual preferences that were considered to be unusual, rare, or marginalized — spurred the development of these new concepts. In the aim of better understanding humans through scientifically evaluating, quantifying, and labelling their sexual form and function, sexology moved male same-sex behaviour beyond the notions of crime, sin and disease. This thesis argues that the key works of sexologists Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (1825-1895), Károly Mária Kertbeny (1824-1882), Henry Havelock Ellis (1859-1939) and Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935) were instrumental to the theoretical endeavour of reclassifying male same-sex behaviour. These four sexologists operated within the parameters of what Foucault calls scientia sexualis: the machinery needed for producing the truth of sex via confessional testimony. Through their own confessional testimony, and testimony collected from other men with same-sex behaviour, Ulrichs, Kertbeny, Ellis and Hirschfeld deemed same-sex behaviour to be a phenomenon based on congenital conditions and one which manifested itself in the form of an inherent sex/gender misalignment. While this behaviour was uncommon, it was not abnormal due to its biological origin. Same-sex behaviour was simply an anomaly of sorts — one specific and rare form of attraction on a spectrum of possibilities. This rationalization of same-sex behaviour differed greatly from the work of other sexologists of the time who evaluated same-sex behaviour to be symptomatic of crime, sin and disease like degeneration theorist Richard von Krafft-Ebing. In arguing that same-sex behaviour developed naturally prior to birth, Ulrichs, Kertbeny, Ellis and Hirschfeld empowered men with same-sex behaviour to negotiate new identities for themselves outside of crime, sin and disease. This discursive rebranding of same-sex behaviour is an example of what feminist postructuralism labels as reverse discourse. In order to negotiate new identities for themselves and others with congenital same-sex behaviour, Ulrichs, Kertbeny, Ellis and Hirschfeld developed four specific concepts. These terms are: Urning (1865), homosexualität (1869), sexual inversion (1897), and third sex (1914). While these examples of reverse discourse were operationalized within restrictive conceptualizations of gender expression, they moved away from classifying same-sex behaviour as temporary acts to classifying those engaging in this behaviour as a specific species of people. This transition from sexual act to personage has been elaborated upon most famously by Michel Foucault in The History of Sexuality, Volume 1 (1978/1990).
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Woodhouse, Edward Luke Anderton. "The music of Johannes Brahms in late nineteenth and early twentieth century England and an assessment of his reception and influence on the chamber and orchestral works of Charles Hubert Hastings Parry and Charles Villiers Stanford." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7336/.
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The music of Johannes Brahms currently enjoys popularity comparable with that of Bach, Handel, Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven throughout England. However, unlike composers such as Handel and Mendelssohn who preceded him, Brahms never actually set foot on English soil, thereby making the introduction and eventual acceptance of his music in England long and difficult. This process was eventually engineered principally through the determination and perseverance of several prominent performers, conductors and critics, such as Clara Schumann and August Manns, during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Aside from a small number of relatively short articles and unpublished lectures, the reception and subsequent influence of the music of Brahms in England, and in particular on the composers Charles Hubert Hastings Parry and Charles Villiers Stanford, has not been the subject of any major or substantial study, yet is still a popular notion in many texts on nineteenth century British music. This thesis attempts to assemble and evaluate all the available information on the subject, from the principal people responsible for introducing the music of Brahms to England, to an assessment of the appearance of his supposed reception and influence in England in historical and biographical texts. Finally, a much needed analytical evaluation of key chamber and orchestral compositions across Parry and Stanford’s relative outputs concludes the thesis, attempting to bring clarity to the vexed, outdated, but still commonly accepted notion that their works were merely an inferior assimilation of those of Brahms.
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Bentley, David Ronald. "Trial on indictment in nineteenth century England." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10214/.
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The aim of this thesis is to assess how far trial on indictment in nineteenth century England conformed to -." the present day concept of a fair trial. What by contemporary English standards are considered the essential elements of a fair trial the thesis deduces from current statute and case law. Having identified these elements it attempts to discover how far they were present in the nineteenth century system. The analysis broadly follows the chronology of the trial itself, with particular attention paid to legal aid, the campaign to abolish the rule rendering prisoners and their spouses incompetent as witnesses in their own defence, and appellate remedies. The conclusion reached is that, although at the start of the nineteenth century the trial system fell well short of the twentieth century model, by the century's end it had (except in relation to legal aid and appellate remedies) moved much closer to it. For its analysis of the trial system the research draws upon eighteenth and nineteenth century law texts supplemented by evidence as to trial practice gleaned from contemporary reports of trials (in particular the reports in The Times, the Central Criminal Court Sessions Papers and Legal Journals), legal memoirs and biographies, and unpublished material in the Public " Record Office and elsewhere. The most important single unpublished source consulted has been the notebooks which record the reserved criminal cases which came before the Common Law judges between'*1785 and 1828. Reports of Royal Commissions, and Select Committees, draft Bills and the Reports of Parliamentary Debates (supplemented by articles in newspapers and journals) have provided the raw material upon which the account given of the reforms made and attempted during the century is based.
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Simon, Josep. "Communicating Physics in Nineteenth-Century France and England." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503271.
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Cantlie, Elizabeth Anne. "Women's memoirs in early nineteenth century France." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5510/.
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Although historians have acknowledged the importance of gender as a factor in the social and political life of post-revolutionary France, and bibliographical studies have revealed that vast quantities of memoirs were composed during the half century after the outbreak of the Revolution, the lives of women between the late 1790s and the 1830s, and the works in which they wrote about their lives and about the age in which they lived, have hitherto attracted relatively little attention from literary critics and historians. Previous research, moreover, has concentrated on women as writers of poetry and fiction, on the portrayal of women in novels, and on their position in society as it was defined by legislators, doctors, philosophers and the authors of manuals on female education and conduct. As a result, the diversity of women's writing and the complexity of their lives as historical subjects during this period have often been obscured. It is this diversity and complexity which are revealed by studying memoirs. This thesis examines women's memoirs from both a literary and a historical perspective, focusing on the relationship between gender, genre and historical circumstances. It argues that women wrote memoirs and wrote them in the way they did because of the political and social conditions of the age in which they lived. A short introduction outlines the reasons why the memoirs written by women in the first decades of the nineteenth century have been neglected: the preoccupation of literary scholars with memoirs of the ancien regime; the memoir's apparent lack of depth compared to 'true' or 'literary' autobiography; the weakness of most women's memoirs as sources of information on political and military affairs for the Revolution and Empire; and the narrow focus of recent women-centred histories. The rest of the thesis is an attempt to fill in some of these gaps.
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Parsons, Julien William. "An evaluation of nineteenth-century barrow digging in England." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410268.
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Bissell, G. "Time, agency, and social thought in nineteenth century England." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373217.
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York, Sarah Hayley. "Suicide, lunacy and the asylum in nineteenth-century England." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/801/.
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Suicidal patients constituted a significant proportion of the annual admissions to nineteenth-century public lunatic asylums. They formed a distinct patient category that required treatment and management strategies that were capable of frustrating their suicidal propensity and alleviating their mental affliction. Yet despite being relatively large in number, the suicidal population of public asylums has received only nominal attention in the history of nineteenth-century psychiatry. This thesis examines the admission, discharge, treatment and management of suicidal lunatics over the course of the nineteenth century. It locates suicide and suicidal behaviour within the context of the asylum and uncovers the experiences of patients, their families and asylum staff. There is a distinct appreciation of the broader social and political context in which the asylum operated and how this affected suicide prevention and management. This thesis argues that suicidal behaviour, because of the danger associated with it, triggered admission to the asylum and, once admitted, dangerousness and risk continued to dictate the asylum’s handling of suicidal patients. Rather than cure and custody, it was protection and prevention versus control that dominated the asylum’s treatment of suicidal lunatics. Conclusions are drawn based on evidence from five asylum case studies and contemporary publications.
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Macpherson, F. G. A. "Poetry and political commitment in late nineteenth-century England." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1324548/.
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The ‘committed’ writer as envisaged by Jean-Paul Sartre was one who used the medium of prose to incite the reader to effect change in the world; according to Sartre, poetry, with its tendency to treat language as an end in itself, could not be committed in this sense. There were, however, numerous poets in late nineteenth-century England who believed otherwise, writing verse intended to advance particular political causes. This thesis examines several of them, concentrating on writers who were committed to varieties of left-wing radicalism, and predominantly inspired by the aesthetics of the Romantic tradition. The Introduction sets out the historical and theoretical context of the thesis, with reference to the twentieth-century arguments of Sartre, Adorno and Bourdieu, which can be traced back to earlier debates on aestheticism. Chapter 1 looks at A.C. Swinburne’s engagement with the Italian republican cause in the poems published as Songs before Sunrise (1871), which exhibit his tendency towards idealised abstraction. Chapter 2 considers William Morris, a pivotal figure in the nascent socialist movement of the 1880s, whose background in writing medievalist narrative verse both shaped and limited his series of Chants for Socialists (1885) and the sequence The Pilgrims of Hope (1885-6). Chapter 3 looks at Edward Carpenter, a socialist writer and campaigner who wrote the long utopian poem Towards Democracy (1883-1904), inspired by Walt Whitman’s vision of homosexual comradeship. Chapter 4 surveys various ‘minor’ versifiers and commentators active in the same socialist milieu as Morris and Carpenter, including those who contributed to the songbook Chants of Labour (1888). Finally, Chapter 5 considers younger fin-de-siècle poets who diverged from the socialists either on grounds of aesthetic philosophy (e.g. Wilde) or political ideology (e.g. Kipling). A brief Afterword reflects on the seemingly diminished prospects for political verse in the twenty-first century.
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Carroll, V. L. "Science and eccentricity in early nineteenth-century Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597312.
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This dissertation is about the perceived relationship between science and eccentricity in early nineteenth-century Britain. Taking a cultural-historical approach, it explores how ideas about science and eccentricity gave order and meaning to people’s lives. It begins by examining how eccentricity was defined as a cultural phenomenon. The term ‘eccentric’ was first used figuratively to describe people who were seen to be like comets, and, into the nineteenth century, eccentricity continued to be associated with comet-like qualities: visionariness, liminality and lawlessness. These themes recur throughout the main body of the thesis, which is composed of three case-studies. In each study, eccentricity is looked at in connection with a different medium of self-presentation. Chapter 2 explores eccentricity as cultural performance: focusing on the carnivalesque lectures and demonstrations of the anti-Newtonian natural philosopher and prophet, William Martin (1772-1851), it argues that eccentric characters could serve useful social functions. The central argument of the chapter concerns the role of audiences in the creation of eccentric identities. This is explored through the activities of Martin’s opponents and ‘disciples’. Eccentricity could be mediated through performance, but it also had a literary dimension. Chapter 3 applies techniques of close reading to two ‘eccentric’ books by the Somerset fossil collector, Thomas Hawkins (1810-1889). Hawkins aimed to flesh out the Mosaic account of Creation by supplementing biblical exegesis with evidence from geological science. He styled himself as visionary, recording profound interpretations of fossil signs in ambiguous, vatic language. The chapter examines how Hawkins constructed his ‘eccentric’ prophetic persona through writing. It argues that his books were labelled ‘eccentric’ because they disregarded the genetic conventions governing the production of scientific works. The final case-study explores the relationship between eccentricity and visiting. Focusing on response to the natural history collection of Charles Waterton (1782-1865), it describes how visitors draw on stories, images and gossip in interpreting objects on display. The early nineteenth century saw the rise of the culture of the celebrity. To many visitors, Waterton was the most curious specimen in the collection. The chapter explores how visitors’ anecdotes, circulated in memoirs, travel narratives, newspapers and magazines, functioned to establish and propagate eccentric reputations. The dissertation ends with some reflections on how the case studies might contribute to our understanding of eccentricity in British culture today.
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Byrne, Michael Vincent. "Alternative cosmologies in early eighteenth-century England." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286272.
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Yang, Jei. "Wage earners in early sixteenth century England." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247164.
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Brassley, Paul William. "Studies in agricultural technology in nineteenth- and twentieth-century England." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1074.
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Four published papers and several parts of a book are presented herein, together with a previously unpublished short paper explaining the intellectual background against which they were written and summarising their findings on the development of agricultural termology in England in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This outlines the contribution of economic and sociological the^pries to the study of technical change, but makes the point that historical studies, although clearly influenced by these theories, tend to use a multifactorial approach which avoids privileging any single explanation. Nevertheless, several themes arising in all of this material are identified, especially the gap between innovation and the adoption of technology, and the influence upon it of scientific, systemic, and socio-economic changes. Brassley (1995a) exaiftmes the criteria against which the success of agricultural science should be judged, and concludes that for most of the nineteenth century in Britain it was a failure. It identifies the establishment of the university departments of agriculture in the 1890s, and the Development Commission in 1910, as the main factors which reversed this trend, and, in an appendix, examines the impact of changing output prices upon the supply curve. In Brassley (1995b) the life of a single farmer, Primrose McConnell, is considered. In adoptiondiffusion theory terms, McConnell is a classic example of an innovator, and this paper reveals the various ways in which, as a writer and a practising farmer, he influenced the agricultural industry of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Brassley (1996) concentrates on a single example of technical change, in this case silage, and explains why its widespread adoption took about a hundred years. The principal conclusion is that silage, like many examples of agricultural technology, is not a single change but a complex system of interacting individual components, all of which need to be available or in place before widespread adoption can occur. The significance of this process is studied in Brassley (2000a), which examines the relationship between technical change and output in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and concludes that innovation was not necessarily as important as the adoption of pre-existing technology in accounting for output expansion. Brassley (2000b) is divided into three parts. The first introduces the concept of farming systems in late nineteenth century England and Wales and analyses the principal arable and pastoral systems of the period; the second examines individual aspects of farming technology, with the exception of farm buildings and machinery; and the third traces the development of agricultural science and education in England and Wales between 1850 and 1914. Clearly these three are inter-related, in that science and education had some impact on techniques, which, in turn, influenced farming systems, but one of the main themes to emerge from this study, as from the other papers in this collection, is the restricted rate of change and the gap between technical leaders and laggards.
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Dussart, Fae Ceridwen. "The servant/employer relationship in nineteenth century England and India." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1425876/.
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This thesis juxtaposes the relationship between domestic servants and their employers in metropole (England) and colony (India) between 1850 and 1914. It considers the master/servant relationship as a site for the formation, maintenance and contestation of class, gender, race and national identities. As well as exploring the significance of the relationship in terms of the construction of social identities, this thesis also argues that in certain circumstances the servant/employer relationship could take on an unexpected political significance. For Britain this is considered in relation to the labour and women’s movements. For India, the connection between service and notions o f ‘the Indian’ is linked to the perceived purpose of the imperial project and fear amongst colonizers of nascent Indian nationalism. The structure of service engendered certain ‘the tensions of intimacy’, which could spill into violence. These are explored in both contexts, with reference to the effects of the employment of a primarily female service workforce in Britain, and a male workforce in India.
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Secord, Penelope Anne. "Artisan naturalists : science as popular culture in nineteenth century England." Thesis, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271809.
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Crisp, Zoë Francesca. "The urban back garden in England in the nineteenth century." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607993.
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Edwards, Newman Rebecca. "Genre, transgression and the early nineteenth century literary magazine." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616089.
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Dowland, David A. "Nineteenth-century Anglican theological training : the redbrick challenge /." Oxford : Clarendon press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389537628.
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Texte remanié de: Th. D.--Phil.--Oxford--Keble college, 1993. Titre de soutenance : The development of nineteenth century Anglican non-graduate theological colleges with special reference to episcopal attitudes, 1820s to 1914.Bibliogr. p. 221-238. Index.
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Chong, Wai-sun, and 莊偉新. "Early treatment of insanity in 19th century England." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206555.
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Early intervention in psychosis emerged in the 1980s and has gradually become a new paradigm in mental health service worldwide. Yet, very few studies on the history of early intervention in mental illness exist even to date. This dissertation explored the situation in 19th century England when Britain was the only superpower in the world and at the same time was plagued by the rising number of insanity cases that she could only cope with by building more and bigger asylums.
The idea of early treatment of insanity was found in various publications written by different physicians in the first half of 19th century. A few of them also proposed primary preventive measures as they believed that a good and disciplined life style could help to avoid the illness. They also saw that insanity could be hereditary. Meanwhile, the debate over the nature of insanity whether it is purely biological or goes beyond the physical body was happening in England as in continental Europe. The physicians supporting the idea of early intervention were also those who subscribed to the theory that insanity has a biological origin. The staging concept in the development of mental illness was well conceived by some physicians. There were also attempts to identify the symptoms in incipient insanity which is close to the modern concept of prodromal stage. Some medical professions also put forward detailed theories on the pathology of the illness based on their knowledge on brain physiology and its interaction with other organs of the body.
During this period, professionalization of psychiatrists was advancing. In this process, there was clash between two schools of thoughts. One considered that the profession should move along a scientific path while the other considered that more effort should be devoted to pragmatic issues such as those concerning asylum management. This conflict had in some way hindered the advancement of early treatment.
Another major obstacle to the provision of early treatment was the distrust of the society towards psychiatrists. After a number of notorious cases involving people being wrongly confined in the asylums had been widely publicized, the law was tightened to limit the authority of psychiatrists in certifying insanity and in treating uncertified cases. This had resulted in a serious blockade on the road to early treatment. Stigmatization of mental illness in the society was also a major factor in deterring people from seeking early assistance.
From the experience in 19th century England, it was found that medicalization of mental illness, professionalization of psychiatrists, establishment of mutual trust between psychiatrists and the society, as well as de-stigmatization of mental illness would be conducive to the development of an early intervention paradigm.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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Faulkner, Kathryn Helen. "Knights and knighthood in early thirteenth century England." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267719.
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Huntington, Joanna. "Lay male sanctity in early twelfth century England." Thesis, University of York, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14061/.
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Richmond, Tina Vivienne. "'No finery' : the dress of the poor in nineteenth-century England." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413728.
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James, Gareth. "Discourse and experience : interpretations of intellectual progress in nineteenth-century England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369612.
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Mangion, Carmen Margaret. "Contested identities : active women religious in nineteenth-century England and Wales." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418110.
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