Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Early modern religion'
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1
Mann, Sophie Liana. "Religion, medicine and confessional identity in early modern England." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/religion-medicine-and-confessional-identity-in-early-modern-england(07320420-b588-47e8-888b-ebd5ee4434f4).html.
Abstract:
Early modern historians often frame ‘religion’ and ‘medicine’ as distinct categories of experience and conduct. They have also suggested that religious responses to illness were steadily supplanted by medical interventions during the period. This study calls these assumptions into question. Focusing on the regions of Yorkshire and Essex between approximately 1580 and 1720, it argues that religious beliefs and practices comprised an integral part of medical work, from household physic to the pursuits of university-trained physicians. It demonstrates that tending to the sick body was a religious as well as a medical act, couched in notions of divine favour, Christian duty and Christian charity. Moreover, in an age of profound and contested religious change, a sense of confessional identity shaped people’s medical behaviour in a number of ways. In particular, this study highlights how the exigencies of sickness and its treatment could have paradoxical outcomes, at times working to bolster a sense of religious distinctions, whilst at others working to foster forms of confessional coexistence. In the light of these complexities, this study resists the current tendency to draw schematic correlations between a person’s religious identity and their medical conduct. The thesis is divided into five chapters, each looking at healing practices from a different perspective, starting in the household, and steadily moving out into the wider community. Lay and qualified healers; the dynamics between practitioners and their clients; the treatment of ‘virtuous’ sufferers; and medical charity are all examined. How such practices fared in tense religio-political contexts will also be considered. By examining these issues I hope to shed fresh light on the ways in which medical practices were embedded in social relations and community experiences; and begin to unravel some of the complex channels through which confessional identity was experienced and expressed in relation to healing. Furthermore, this research highlights that religious beliefs and practices did not simply coexist alongside medicine, or provide alternatives to medicine, but rather, operated at its very heart. This requires us to think more carefully about the language we use to talk about things that were related in such extraordinarily subtle ways in the past. The very phrase ‘religion and medicine’ is problematic, since the two subjects are presented as separate spheres of activity. Adopting terms like ‘religion in, or as, medicine’, and vice versa, would provide more useful frames of reference. Employing the more expansive term ‘healing’ is equally helpful, since it constitutes something central to medical practice, as well as something deeply rooted in religious tradition.
2
Lamburn, D. J. "Politics and religion in sixteenth century Beverley." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290476.
3
Anderson, David. "Violence against the sacred: tragedy and religion in early modern England." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32544.
Abstract:
This dissertation argues that the tragedy of the English Renaissance reflects the religious culture of the era in its depiction of sacrificial violence. It contests New Historicist assumptions about both the relationship between religion and politics, and the relationship between religion and literature, by arguing that the tragedians were reflecting the Girardian sacrificial crisis that characterized martyr executions in the sixteenth century and which was fuelled by uncertainty within the church over the issue of violence. Chapter One develops the historical framework. It begins by surveying the history of Protestant and Catholic martyrdom in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. It then traces the doctrine of the persecuted church—the recovered New Testament sense that the true church is necessarily a persecuted minority that suffers for Christ's sake—in various religious writers of the period. The most important of these writers is the martyrologist John Foxe, who fostered an anti-sacrificial strain of Christianity from within the national church. Finally, I discuss how this victim-centred theology disrupted consensus at religious executions, offering an emotional template that the tragedians exploited. Each of the three subsequent chapters is devoted to a different tragedian. Chapter Two discusses William Shakespeare's King Lear, a play which is radical in its sympathy for the sacrificial victim. King Lear shows no particular faith in Christian redemption, but in this very lack of transcendence it demystifies and condemns sacrificial violence. Chapter Three is devoted to John Webster's two tragedies, The White Devil and The Duchess of Malfi. Here, theNotre thèse soutient l'idée que la tragédie de la renaissance anglaise reflète la culture religieuse de l'époque dans son évocation de la violence sacrificielle. Elle conteste les présupposés du néo-historicisme à l'égard de la relation entre la religion et la politique et entre la religion et la littérature, en proposant que les dramaturges exprimaient à travers leurs tragédies une crise sacrificielle girardienne qui caractérisait les exécutions des martyres au seizième siècle et qui était alimentée par une crise de conscience par rapport à la violence qui s'exprimait au sein même de l'église. Le premier chapitre fait état du contexte historique. Nous nous intéressons d'abord à l'histoire des martyres protestants et catholiques au seizième et au début du dix-septième siècles. Nous détaillons ensuite la doctrine de l'église persécutée, c'est à dire la conviction issue du nouveau testament que la véritable église est nécessairement une minorité persécutée au nom du Christ, au travers des écrits de nombreux écrivains de l'époque. Figure illustre parmi ces écrivains, le martyrologue John Foxe cultivait une tendance anti-sacrificielle au sein de l'église nationale. Nous examinons enfin comment cette théologie centrée sur la victime bouleversa le consensus face aux exécutions religieuses, en présentant un champ émotionnel exploité par les dramaturges tragiques. Chacun des trois chapitres suivants se consacre à un différent dramaturge. Le deuxième chapitre aborde King Lear de Shakespeare qui se distingue précisément par la compassion qui y est manifestée pour la victime sacrificielle. King Lear ne fait preuve d'aucune
4
Merritt, Julia Frances. "Religion, government and society in early modern Westminster, c. 1525-1625." Thesis, Boston Spa, U.K. : British Library Document Supply Centre, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.301399.
5
Parsons, Sarah. "Religion and the sea in early modern England, c. 1580-1640." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535903.
6
Malone, Jonathan. "Medicine, religion and the passions in early modern poetry and prose." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707825.
Abstract:
This thesis investigates the use of medical terminology in the expression of religious selfhood in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Concentrating on the period between 1590 and 1640, I examine how the diffusion of medical learning and its key vocabularies into wider cultural contexts offered writers new ways in which to interpret the body’s functions in relation to religious doctrine. Focusing on the physiology of the humoral system and the physical and religious ‘passions’, I explore how an increased use of medical terminology can support or problematize the individual’s relationship with their own body and the religious doctrine to which they adhere. Through extensive use of primary medical and religious texts, I show that knowledge of medical terminology is employed with greater specificity than has previously been considered, evidencing a lively correspondence of ideas for writers working towards a systematic understanding of the religious significance of the body.
7
Fernández, González Ricardo. "Survival, memory and identity : The roles of saint worship in Early Modern Castile." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385154.
Abstract:
This paper aims to explore the connections between the rural communities of Early Modern Castile and the saints they venerated through their festivities, relics and advocations and the roles that these relationships fulfilled in their societies. The Castilians of the sixteenth century seem to have used their interactions with saints not only for the purpose of the salvation of their souls, but rather, as ways to ensure the survival of their population, to cement social cohesion and identity, or to preserve the memory of their communities. Through the topographic relations of Philip II, a fantastic source that reproduces the voices of members of rural communities of Central Castile, this paper analyses the boundaries between the utilitarian and the cultural in the worship of saints, and the limits of local culture and identity.
8
Canning, P. "Language, literature and religion : The stylistics of 'ideoloatry' in early modern England." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517242.
9
Valley, Leslie Ann. "Replacing the Priest: Tradition, Politics, and Religion in Early Modern Irish Drama." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1856.
Abstract:
By the beginning of the twentieth century, Ireland's identity was continually pulled between its loyalties to Catholicism and British imperialism. In response to this conflict of identity, W. B. Yeats and Lady Augusta Gregory argued the need for an Irish theatre that was demonstrative of the Irish people, returning to the literary traditions to the Celtic heritage. What resulted was a questioning of religion and politics in Ireland, specifically the Catholic Church and its priests. Yeat's own drama removed the priests from the stage and replaced them with characters demonstrative of those literary traditions, establishing what he called a "new priesthood". In response to this removal, Yeat's contemporaries such as J. M. Synge and Bernard Shaw evolved his vision, creating a criticism and, ultimately, a rejection of Irish priests. In doing so, these playwrights created depictions of absent, ineffectual, and pagan priests that have endured throughout the twentieth century.
10
Currie, Morgan. "Sanctified Presence: Sculpture and Sainthood in Early Modern Italy." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14226067.
Abstract:
This dissertation examines the memorialization of dramatic action in seventeenth-century sculpture, and its implications for the representation of sanctity. Illusions of transformation and animation enhanced the human tendency to respond to three-dimensional images in interpersonal terms, vivifying the commemorative connotations that predominate in contemporary writing on the medium. The first chapter introduces the concept of seeming actuality, a juxtaposition of the affective appeal of real presence and the ideality of the classical statua that appeared in the work of Stefano Maderno, and was enlivened by Gianlorenzo Bernini into paradoxes of permanent instantaneity. This new mystical sculpture was mimetic, not because it depicted events narrated elsewhere, but imitated mutable, time-bound, spiritual activity with arresting immediacy in the here and now. No other form of image could so fully evoke the mingling of human immanence and divine transcendence that was the fundamental basis of sanctity. Chapters Two through Four closely analyze the sculptural construction hagiographic identities for Ludovica Albertoni, Alessandro Sauli, and John of the Cross, and their interplay with political, social, and religious factors. The discovery of connections between marble and wooden statuary further broadens our understanding of the expressive range of the medium. The homology between saintly and sculptural exemplarity reveals a far more dynamic, interactive, and rhetorical conception of the medium than is portrayed in early modern theoretical writings.
11
Bellows, Nora J. "Purgative texts religion, revulsion, and the rhetoric of insurgency in early modern England /." College Park, Maryland : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1426.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: English Language and Literature. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
12
Turnbull, Emma C. "Anti-Popery in early modern England : religion, war and print, c. 1617-1635." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b8dfa993-21af-4370-8008-e84edb17d272.
Abstract:
This thesis is about anti-popery in early modern England, how its meanings and political uses in printed literature changed in response to the dramatic developments of the Thirty Years' War. I contend that the languages of anti-popery, though structured by binary oppositions, were being used to express complex, multifaceted views about Catholic states in the 1620s and 1630s. The new perspective that this research offers is two-fold. Firstly, it asserts that anti-popery was an active and flexible tool of English Protestant debate about foreign affairs. 'Popish' tyranny, variously embodied in the Counter-Reformation papacy or Habsburg imperialism, was a malleable concept that adapted its meanings and associations with the political circumstances. Our early modern subjects were capable of separating anti-Catholic beliefs about idolatrous worship from political questions of how to identify, and combat, the threat of papal tyranny. Thus, this thesis argues that a greater range of irenic attitudes towards relations with Catholic powers were circulating than previously thought. Secondly, this thesis argues that several different anti-papal languages were operating alongside, and in competition with, one another in early Stuart political culture. As a fluid set of tropes, associations and prejudices, anti-popery had different meanings for different authors and incorporated a range of political and religious agendas. Anti-popery, therefore, was not simply a tool of Puritan opposition to the non-interventionist policy of the Stuarts, but, I argue, was also compatible with a more moderate or conciliatory attitude to Catholic states, including Habsburg Spain. The printed debates of the 1620s and 1630s expose the tensions that existed between competing ideas about the nature of the external popish threat. By 1635 and the reversal of Protestant fortunes on the Continent, these competing anti-papal ideas were exposing the tensions within England about the nature of its Protestantism, and thus helped precipitate the Civil Wars.
13
Anderson, Caroline Corisande. "The material culture of domestic religion in early modern Florence, c.1480 - c.1650." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14205/.
14
Arnold, Rafael. "Yaacob Dweck: The scandal of Kabbalah Leon Modena, Jewish mysticism, early modern Venice [rezensiert von] Rafael Arnold." Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/6159/.
15
Jütte, Daniel. "David B. Ruderman, Giuseppe Veltri (Hg.), Cultural Intermediaries. Jewish Intellectuals in Early Modern Italy / [rezensiert von] Daniel Jütte." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3858/.
Abstract:
rezensiertes Werk:
Cultural intermediaries : Jewish intellectuals in early modern Italy / edited by David B. Ruderman. - Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004. - 293 S.
(Jewish culture and contexts)
ISBN 0-8122-3779-X
16
Tal, Guy. "Witches on top : magic, power, and imagination in the art of early modern Italy /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3230548.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of the History of Art, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 4, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: A, page: 2790. Adviser: Bruce Cole.
17
Dawkins, Thom. "Rejoice in Tribulations: The Afflictive Poetics of Early Modern Religious Poetry." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1562630899327406.
18
Adachi, Mami. "Nuns and nunneries in the cultural memory of early modern English drama." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6745/.
Abstract:
The Reformation had exposed ideas of female religiosity, ridiculing the contested site of the gendered bodies of nuns. Nevertheless, memories of pre-Reformation religion could not be easily destroyed. Nuns and nunneries are memorialised in a range of early modern English texts, among which this thesis identifies a number of tropes featuring nuns in historiography and drama. The first two chapters examine works by authors with differing agendas, John Foxe and Raphael Holinshed (Chapter 1), and John Stow and William Dugdale (Chapter 2), which can be regarded as memory banks of nun tropes. The next three chapters focus on tropes featuring nuns in drama from the mid 1580s to circa 1640. Chapter 3 examines references or allusions to dramatic nuns, which are generally stereotypical, suggesting the onset of cultural forgetting. Chapter 4 explores plays featuring nuns as characters, where nuns assume various roles, sometimes demonstrating a mix of tropical and innovative in a single play. Shakespeare’s utilisation of nun tropes while accommodating the symbolic value of female religious life to artistic needs is treated separately in Chapter 5. These dramatic tropes are seen to draw from and in turn feed into the tropes circulating in the culture of early modern England.
19
Ward, Sarah. "Royalism, religion, and revolution : the gentry of North-East Wales, 1640-1688." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:74c4d561-d20e-4064-8e06-0608af9d7e49.
Abstract:
This thesis focuses specifically on the gentry of North-East Wales. It addresses the question of the uniqueness of the region's gentry in relation to societal organisation, authority, identity, religion, and political culture. The thesis examines the impact of the events of 1640 to 1688 on the conservative culture of the region. It assesses the extent to which the seventeenth-century crises changed that culture. Additionally, it discusses the distinctiveness of the Welsh response to those events. This thesis offers new arguments, or breaks new ground, in relation to three principal areas of historiography: the questions of Welsh identity, religion, and political culture. Within Welsh historiography this thesis argues for a continuation of Welsh identity and ideals. It uncovers a royalist, loyalist, and Anglican culture that operated using ancient ideals of territorial power and patronage to achieve its ends. In doing so it overturns a lingering idea that the Welsh gentry were anglicised and alienated from the populace. The thesis also interacts with English debates on the same themes. In exploring the unique aspects of the culture of North-East Wales, the assertion of an anglicised monoculture across England and Wales can be disproven. This allows for a more complex picture of British identity, religion, and politics to emerge. This thesis musters correspondence, material objects, diaries, notebooks, accounts, official documents, and architectural features to aid in its analysis. This breadth of evidence allows for a broad analysis of regional patterns while allowing for depth when required. The first three chapters of the thesis examine the North-East Welsh gentry in relation to the themes of Welsh society and identity; religion; and finally political culture. The final chapter comprises three case studies that explore aspects of the aforementioned themes in further depth.
20
Ellis-Marino, Elizabeth Meta, and Elizabeth Meta Ellis-Marino. "Politics, Nobility and Religion in an Ecclesiastical State: Baronial Families in Paderborn 1568 - 1661." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594910.
Abstract:
This dissertation examines the fortunes of two families of the territorial nobility in Paderborn, the barons (Freiherren) of Büren, and the baronets (Adelherren) of Fürstenberg. In doing so, it provides a paradigm for understanding the history of the territory over the course of the period 1550–1650. In contrast to their contemporaries in southern Germany, the nobles of Westphalia, the area of Germany in which Paderborn is located, are relatively under-studied. My research indicates that this area, with its myriad small territories and relative power vacuum, was also a microcosm for the political developments of the Holy Roman Empire. In studying these families, the culture of politics in the early modern Empire is illuminated. This dissertation is arranged thematically, where each chapter uses an incident in this territory to discuss a broad theme. My first chapter discusses the development of a significant party of Protestant nobles in Paderborn, and discusses the creation and reinforcement of noble identity. Particular attention is paid to the cultures of noble friendships and patronage. The political usefulness of the feud is also discussed. The second chapter examines a case of two conversions. Elisabeth von Büren, a recently-widowed Calvinist noblewoman, converted from Protestantism to Catholicism because of her increasingly difficult social and political situation. In contrast, her son Moritz experienced an internal conversion that led him to join the Jesuit order, an act that in time resulted in the extinction of this family. This chapter discusses not only the motivations for each conversion, but also the political uses of these converts, and their conversion narratives. The third chapter follows the political fortunes of two brothers, Kaspar and Dietrich von Fürstenberg. Due to his vocal alliance to the Catholic faction in Paderborn, Dietrich, who was a priest, was able to become an imperial prince. His brother, Kaspar, who was the head of the family, not only benefited from this rise in status, but also had to change his sexual practices in response to his family's increased notoriety. This chapter discusses the effects of the Counter-Reformation in Paderborn in both the public and private spheres. The fourth chapter discusses the descendant of these two men, Ferdinand von Fürstenberg. Thanks to his connections and the political realities in Westphalia after the Thirty Years' War, Ferdinand was able not only to become the prince-bishop of Paderborn, but also to enact administrative reform in the rural parishes and employ irenicism, a proto-secularist philosophy, as an aspect of his foreign policy. Ferdinand's patronage networks are analyzed in the context of post 1648 elite intellectual and cultural life. The last two chapters concentrate on the physical legacy of the two Fürstenberg bishops previously discussed. The fifth chapter discusses the "Reformation of the Landscape" enacted through the building programs of these two bishops. Through the building and decoration of monumental structures, the two bishops helped to impose a Catholic order on the countryside, and erase the signs of the previous, defeated Protestant faction. The final chapter discusses the funerary monuments of the family from which these two bishops came. Although they are scattered throughout the region, the funerary monuments of this family form a coherent propagandistic message, intended to promote their majesty, nobility and Catholicism.
21
Mulligan, Mark. "The Brafferton Estate: Harvard, William and Mary, and Religion in the Early Modern English Atlantic World." W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626804.
22
Reeve, David Crispin. "Wimborne Minster, Dorset : a study of a small town 1620 to 1690." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341152.
Abstract:
This is a study ofWimbome Minster, one of 700 or so small market towns that existed in the early modern period. Urban historians have tended to concentrate on the larger towns and cities, due partly to the lack of archive material. The Wimborne sources allow for a number of themes to be discussed. The study of demography highlights the growth in the urban population between the 1640s and 1670s, whilst the rural population stagnated. In the rural area it was a period of change with enclosure, the development of new crops and the conversion of copyhold to leasehold tenure. The analysis of the urban economy shows that Wimborne had a relatively sophisticated occupational structure. It was also developing as a cultural centre. The administrative structure of a non-corporate town can be investigated, identifying a three-tier hierarchy dominated by kinship and occupational networks. There have been very few attempts to analyse law and order issues of a community 'in the round'; issues discussed are punishment, court jurisdiction, the perceptions of crime and the hierarchy's attitude to morality. The turbulent nature of seventeenth-century politics and religion is apparent in towns both large and small. The hostility between the Arminian and Puritan factions within the established church in the 1620s and 1630s, reactions to the Commonwealth and Restoration, and the persecution of the recusant and Protestant nonconformist communities are analysed to reveal a community in conflict with itself The research concludes by examining the urban/rural interface. It highlights the crucial role that the rural hinterland played in supplying food to the growing urban centre. It discusses the relationship between the rural and urban through occupational groups. Small towns such as Wimbome contained complex societal networks, through kinship, religion, politics and occupations. By studying these inter-relational networks a more complete and valid picture of these communities can be seen.
23
Cattell, Daniel Charles. "Catholic-Protestant controversy and the Shakespearean stage : the play of polemic." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8162.
Abstract:
Shakespeare’s career in the theatre coincides with the ascendancy of Catholic-Protestant polemic, a body of writing that exerted a deep and pervasive influence on literate life in early modern England. Eroding a secularizing bias within the academy, the much heralded turn to religion in the discipline has already covered ample ground in repositioning Shakespeare in relation to the religious cultures of his age. But if such criticism is no longer the preserve of parti pris commentators, Shakespeare’s plays have yet to be fully explored through the particular breed of antagonistic writing that emerged during the Reformation and eventually contributed to the period’s self-styling as the “scribbling age.” Placing drama within this neglected field of enquiry, I reveal the importance the modes and preoccupations of such controversial writing had for the evolving shape and content of Shakespeare’s art. The four plays considered here illuminate the subtlety and sophistication with which Catholic-Protestant polemic permeates the theatre; but they also demonstrate that theatre could in turn permeate polemic, hijacking and radically altering its concerns or critiquing its values and assumptions as a practice. King John, 1 Henry IV, Hamlet, and Henry VIII are all marked by cultures of religious scribbling, but in strikingly different ways. By charting changes to these configurations across such a chronology, we can grasp how the plays loosely move from a tentative, experimental approach to polemic to a greater assuredness in its repudiation, developments with important implications for piecing together Shakespeare’s development as a reader and writer.
24
Ingram, Margaret. "Bodies That Speak: Early Modern European Gender Distinctions in Bleeding Corpses and Demoniacs." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22689.
Abstract:
This thesis examines the concept of “speaking bodies” in the early modern European world, primarily in the seventeenth century. Demoniacs and corpses that bled due to cruentation are examined comparatively through the lens of gender. Utilizing sources that include pamphlets, broadsheets, witness testimonies, and legal records, this thesis performs a close textual analysis to reveal that the gender of the speaking bodies informed contemporaries’ beliefs in the validity of a body’s speech. This thesis also argues that one form of speaking bodies – bleeding corpses – survived over another form – demoniacs – because of gender differentials. In order for a body to speak and be heard, whether through literal demonic speech or metaphorical blood, this body either had to be male, or possessed by a male spirit such as a demon.
25
Van, Amberg Joel. "A real presence: Religious and social dynamics of the eucharistic conflicts in early modern Augsburg, 1520-1530." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290052.
Abstract:
This dissertation explores the nexus of religious, political, and economic issues that led to the socially and religiously divisive intra-Protestant dispute over the proper interpretation and celebration of the Eucharist during the first years of the German Reformation. This dispute roiled cities and territories throughout Germany beginning around the year 1524 as lay men and women began organizing and agitating to promote a symbolic understanding of the Eucharist. The laity saw in this initially academic debate a vehicle through which they could articulate and fight for their own bundle of religious and social concerns. The imperial free city of Augsburg, one of the wealthiest, most populous and most politically powerful cities in the Empire, serves in the dissertation as the case study for a German-wide phenomenon. Chapter one contextualizes the Augsburg eucharistic disputes both by laying out the course of the academic eucharistic debates that raged among Martin Luther, Huldreich Zwingli, and their various supporters and by describing the social and economic tensions unique to Augsburg. Chapter two investigates the Augsburg preaching of the Franciscan friar Hans Schilling, whose congregation began to make connections between the adoption of a symbolic understanding of the Eucharist and their political and economic interests. Chapter three explores the reasons behind the spectacular success of the Augsburg preacher Michael Keller. Keller articulated a symbolic understanding of Christ's presence in the Eucharist which resonated with the concerns of many Augsburg residents that the clergy were denying them the right of self-determination in religious issues, that the political elites were driving them out of their traditional role in civic life, and that the large Augsburg merchants were destroying their economic independence. Chapter four discusses the role of marginalized groups in Augsburg who formed sectarian cells, articulating their alienation from society through their doctrine of the Eucharist. Eventually these groups transitioned to Anabaptism as they found that their doctrine of the Eucharist would not carry the full weight of their sectarian agenda. Chapter five interacts with a series of historiographical questions in light of the evidence presented in the foregoing chapters.
26
Jütte, Daniel. "Stefanie B. Siegmund, The Medici State and the Ghetto of Florence. TheConstruction of an Early Modern Jewish Community / [rezensiert von] Daniel Jütte." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3860/.
Abstract:
rezensiertes Werk:
Siegmund, Stefanie B.: The Medici state and the ghetto of Florence : the construction of an early modern Jewish community. - Stanford, Calif. : Stanford Univ. Press, 2006. - 624 S.
(Stanford series in Jewish history and culture)
ISBN 0-8047-5078-5
27
Barnes, Teresa L. "A nun's life : Barking Abbey in the late-medieval and early modern periods." PDXScholar, 2004. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/948.
Abstract:
The purpose of this project is to gain an understanding of the daily lives of nuns in an English nunnery by examining a particular prominent abbey. This study also attempts to update the history of the abbey by incorporating methods and theories used by recent historians of women's monasticism, as well as recent archaeological evidence found at the abbey site. By including specific examinations of Barking Abbey's last nuns, as well as the nuns' artistic and cultural pursuits, this thesis expands the scholarship of the abbey's history into areas previously unexplored. This thesis begins with a look at the nuns of Barking Abbey. the social status of their secular families, and how that status may have defined life in the abbey. It also looks at how Barking fit into the larger context of English women's monasticism based on the social provenance of its nuns. The analysis then turns to the nuns' daily temporal and spiritual responsibilities, focusing on the nuns' liturgical lives as well as the work required for the efficient maintenance of the house. Also covered is the relationship the abbey and its nuns had with their local lay community. This is followed by an examination of cultural activity at the abbey with discussion of books and manuscripts, music, singing, procession, and various other art forms. The final chapter examines the abbey's dissolution in 1539 under Henry VIII's religious reforms, including the dissolution's effect on some of the abbey's last nuns.
28
Plank, Ezra Lincoln. "Creating perfect families: French Reformed Churches and family formation, 1559-1685." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1727.
Abstract:
Although the eruption of religious dissent in Germany touched off by Martin Luther in 1517 began as a theological disagreement, the ensuring years would reveal that these religious ideas had important social consequences. They set into motion a process of reordering society and forming of confessional identities that had significant implications for the nuclear family. Reflecting John Calvin's assertion that "every individual Family ought to be a Little Church of Christ," Reformed Protestants sought to transform nuclear families into spiritual communities, creating domestic microcosms of the larger church.
This project examines the religious formation of families among the French Reformed (Huguenot) Churches, demonstrating that this was a cultural offensive as much as it was a religious one. Huguenot leaders wanted far more than their congregants to attend church: this programme transformed the roles and responsibilities of family members, shaped the activities and routines of the household, circumscribed and defined the appropriate associations of family members, and reorganized the family schedule. This study illuminates the Huguenots' conception of a "holy household" by analyzing the four primary characteristics of these godly families - ordered, educational, pure, and pious - and describes how they were conceived of and implemented in Reformed communities across early modern France.
In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the French Reformed family, this dissertation bridges the divide between intellectual history and social history. There was no greater intellectual source for French Protestantism than John Calvin and Geneva: Calvin was one of the primary theologians influencing the development of Protestantism in France, and the Genevan Church served as an advisor and template for many of the Huguenot churches. Accordingly, each chapter examines in depth the theological underpinnings of this effort, analyzing Calvin's sermons, commentaries, Institutes of the Christian Religion, and written correspondence with leaders of the Huguenot churches. This investigation, in turn, provides an understanding of the religious sources for this new emphasis holy family and domestic piety in France, without which it would be impossible to fully appreciate.
To balance these prescriptive sources, I analyze descriptive records to understand how the actual reform of the family was carried out on the local level. In particular, my research relies extensively on church discipline records (consistory registers) from churches throughout France: Albenc (1606-1682), Archiac (1600-1637), Blois (1574-1579), Coutras (1582-1584), Die (1639-1686), Le Mans (1560-1561), Mussidan (1593-1599), Nîmes (1561-1564), Pont-de-Camares (1574-1579), Rochechouart (1596-1635), and Saint-Gervais (1564-1568). These records reveal the complex and messy manner of this reform, which was often marked by contestation and negotiation. Throughout, I compare these records to Genevan discipline records to compare and contrast how Calvin's own church instituted this familial reform in the Genevan context. My project, in sum, reveals the heretofore overlooked religious role and significance of the family and home in Reformed churches of early modern France.
29
Bardell, Kirsteen Macpherson. "Death by 'divelishe demonstracion' : witchcraft beliefs, gender and popular religion in the early modern Midlands and north of England." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314233.
30
McKeever, Amanda Jane. "The ghost in early modern Protestant culture : shifting perceptions of the afterlife, 1450-1700." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6903/.
Abstract:
My thesis seeks to address the continuity, change and the syncreticism of ideas regarding post-mortem existence in the wake of the Reformation. Prior to reform, the late Medieval world view of the afterlife was very straightforward. One either went to Heaven via Purgatory, or straight to Hell. In the exempla literature of the period, ghosts were seen to provide evidence of the purgatorial system. However, this doctrine was dismantled by reformers who rejected Purgatory wholesale. Reformers then put forth a multiplicity of eschatologies which included various strands of mortalism, none of which allowed for the possibility that the dead could return to the living. In theory therefore, the ghost should have disappeared from the mental landscape, yet it not only survived, but it thrived in Protestant culture. This raises three key questions which are absolutely central to this thesis. Firstly: by what mechanisms did commitment to ghosts continue in lay and elite discourses in early modern England, when religious authority denied the possibility of their existence? Secondly: what opportunities were there to incorporate ghosts into Anglican or wider Protestant belief? Finally: Why would many Protestant elites want to elide the doctrinal problem of their existence and assert that ghosts existed? The ghost must have served a purpose in a way that nothing else could. It is therefore the purpose of the thesis to examine the shifting role of the ghost in early modern Protestant England.
31
Rodgers, Clinton Kyle. "Sin, Satan, and Sacrilege: Antitheatricality, Religion, and the Sensory Order in Elizabethan England." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1467128449.
32
Greatorex, Irene. "Seasonality and early modern towns : the timing of baptisms, marriages and burials in England, 1560-1750, with particular reference to towns." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1992. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/8655/.
Abstract:
The thesis examines the seasonality of baptisms, marriages and burials in early modern towns, and demonstrates that seasonality (which measures how the frequency of vital events varied through the year) is a useful method of examining aspects of social history. Chapter 1 looks at the background to the use of the demographic tool of seasonality and suggests how seasonality may be able to address some of the concerns of urban historians. Chapters 2 to 4 discuss the sources and methodology of the study, and the results are summarised in Chapter 5. The baptismal, burial and marriage seasonality patterns are described, and urban patterns are compared and contrasted with rural patterns. The results are discussed in Chapter 6, which seeks to explain the seasonality patterns, and the similarities and differences between urban and rural patterns, by looking at the context in which they arise, principally living conditions and the prevalence of diseases, and working and leisure patterns. Chapter 7 looks more closely at the transition between urban and rural seasonality patterns. Plague and intestinal disease, due to overcrowded and insanitary living conditions, created a divergent burial pattern in towns up to 1700. Otherwise, the urban and rural seasonality patterns of all events were basically similar in shape. The crucial distinction between urban and rural seasonality was in the much `flatter' patterns in towns, due largely to the more even and varied routines of urban occupations compared to farming, which was inherently seasonal in its labour demands. It is argued that population size was the significant factor in the development of urban seasonality, with small towns being transitional between the high seasonality of rural parishes and the low seasonality of larger towns.
33
Matoussevitch, Yelena. "The Reception of Jean Gerson’s (1363-1429) Legacy and Authority in Early Modern Europe (16th century)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH191.
Abstract:
Le projet consiste à retracer la postérité du grand théologien du Moyen Âge tardif, Jean Gerson (1363-1429) aussi bien dans le milieu protestant que chez les penseurs catholiques du XVIème siècle. Homme d’église, éducateur, poète, penseur du premier ordre et acteur majeur dans l’histoire politique et religieuse de la France, il n’a pas reçu toute l’attention qu’il mérite. Le premier objectif de la thèse consiste ainsi à sortir le nom de Gerson de l’ombre en mettant en évidence son influence au-delà du XVème siècle, ce qui n’a pas été fait auparavant. Visant à surmonter les clivages religieux et nationaux, cette étude présente les traits majeurs de son influence à travers la multiplicité des usages et des interprétations de sa pensée dont les diverses composantes s’articulent différemment au fil du temps. L’approche intégrale de la thèse cherche à combler un manque historiographique puisque la postérité de Gerson, parfois considérée dans ses diverses régions, n’a pas encore fait objet d’étude dans sa globalité. Comme l’attitude envers l’autorité de Gerson fut largement tributaire des conflits religieux qui agitèrent l’Europe, sa présence posthume dépendit surtout des objectifs polémiques et des prises de positions idéologiques de ceux qui trouvaient en lui une source d’inspiration. En conséquence, la thèse est organisée chronologiquement, confessionnellement, ainsi que géographiquement. Afin de fournir au lecteur l’arrière-plan historique précédant immédiatement la Réforme, l’étude commence après le Concile de Constance. D’un point de vue dénominationnel, la thèse est divisée, de façon relativement égale, entre les réceptions protestante et catholique, à l’exception de la postérité de Gerson en Angleterre et en Écosse qui constitue un chapitre à part. L’étude révèle des tendances dans sa réception touchant à l’humanisme, aux théologies systématique et pastorale, au mysticisme dévotionnel, le droit et l’historiographie, laissant de côté sa pensée conciliaristeThe project consists in tracing the legacy of the great late medieval theologian Jean Gerson (1363-1429) both in Protestant circles and among Catholic thinkers of the 16th century. A churchman, educator, poet, humanist, preacher and a first-class thinker, he has not received the attention he deserves. The dissertation hopes to achieve precisely this primary goal: to take Gerson’s name out of shadow and bring him into spotlight, by showing his influence beyond 15th century, which hasn’t been done before. Although the attitude towards Gerson’s authority was largely conditioned by religious conflicts that had agitated Europe during the Reformation, and his posthumous presence depended above all on the polemical objectives and ideological positions of those who found in him a source of inspiration, the dissertation seeks to overcome religious and national divisions and partisan scholarship. The contents of the dissertation are organized chronologically, denominationally, as well as geographically. In order to provide the reader with historical background immediately preceding the Reformation, chronologically it begins after the closure of the Council of Constance. Denominationally, the study is divided, relatively equally, between Protestant and Catholic receptions. Aside from Gerson’s legacy in England and Scotland, which constitutes a separate chapter, his reception in different regions is represented by geographical subdivisions within chapters. By presenting major features of his influence through the massive appropriation of his thought and work, the study reveals discernable tendencies in Gerson’s reception relevant to humanism, systematic theology, devotional mysticism, pastoral care, jurisprudence and early modern historiography, while leaving conciliarist aspect aside
34
Hawkins, Kristel Marie. "Suffering and Early Quaker Identity: Ellis Hookes and the “Great Book of Sufferings”." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1217960188.
35
Cairns, Rhoda F. "The Exegesis of Experience: Typology and Women's Rhetorics in Early Modern England and New England." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1211998311.
36
Letvin, Alice Owen. "Sacrifice in the surrealist novel : the impact of early theories of primitive religion on the depiction of violence in modern fiction /." New York : Garland publ, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354828948.
37
Jones, Judith Frances. "Dances of life and death : interpretations of early modern religious identity from rural parish chuches and their landscapes along the Hampshire/Sussex border 1500-1800." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366338/.
Abstract:
This thesis enters a territory infrequently visited by English archaeologists – the early modern period. I have chosen a research area encompassing fifty neighbouring parish churches along the border of East Hampshire and West Sussex and studied what survives of their post-medieval material culture. Though these medieval churches have generally been altered in the 19th century many of them still retain material, architectural, landscape and documentary clues which reveal important aspects of their early modern condition and the religious experiences of their parishioners in life and death. A major aim has been to show that far from being stripped of imagery and cultural artefacts, other materials were introduced, designed to communicate new forms of Protestant ritual to parishioners who may frequently have been bewildered by the rapid religious changes of the 16th and 17th centuries. Having described the area and visited its historical biography in Part One and in order to capture a sense of what it was like to participate in parish religion, I concentrate on four themes emanating from my studies of these churches: space, sensory experience, the performance of memory and gender. Thus Part Two deals with the spatial qualities of new architectural innovations and the effects of the reorganisation of church furniture and is followed by an account of the sensory experiences which religious participation evoked. These discussions centre on the lives of parishioners. Part Three turns to parishioners’ encounters with death and their understandings of the ways in which the church and churchyard framed and enabled the performance of social memory. The final discussion chapter is a series of case studies centred on tombs commissioned by individual gentlewomen for their families and themselves and their nuanced interpretations of mortuary imagery. A major element of this study lies in the way it develops contemporary methodological frameworks within early modern social archaeology. This allows a wider synthesis to be achieved using thematic regional approaches which run alongside the contextual exploration of the sample’s locales over this long transitional period. My approach is also informed by theoretical issues emanating from a number of associated disciplines such as history, art history and anthropology. This is an unusual standpoint which aims to provide a particularly multilayered exploration of an area and time rich in archaeological material which builds on and develops current scholarly thinking in this particular realm of social archaeology.
38
Padaratz, Pricilla. ""But oh, I could it not refine": Lady Hester Pulter's Textual Alchemy." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35544.
Abstract:
Hester Pulter addresses personal and spiritual transformation in a unique way. The elusive nature of alchemical language allows Pulter to express the incomplete, ongoing process of internal transformation, with all its difficulties and inconsistencies. By means of a rich alchemical lexicon, Pulter stresses suffering rather than consolation, conflict rather than reconciliation, and lack of resolution rather than closure in her poetry. She repeatedly tries to see a divine order in earthly suffering, but she insists upon this suffering, and she often argues for a gendered element to this pain, particularly as a mother grieving her dead children. The lack of resolution we see in Pulter's writing pushes against conventional constructions of the ideal female Christian as passively accepting God's plan, and shows the limits of the religious lyric to truly provide consolation. My thesis will extend the discussion of Pulter's use of alchemical imagery and symbols in her poetry, and will argue that she uses alchemical language to reflect how transformation and healing are never, in fact, fully achieved during our physical existence. The promise of literary alchemy as a vehicle for transformation and spiritual regeneration is not always fulfilled in Pulter's work.
39
Woods, Michael. "Reality vs. Perceptions: The Treatment of Early Modern French Jews in Politics and Literary Culture." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3391.
Abstract:
Although historians have written extensively on both the early modern era and the development of an absolute monarchy, the history of Jewish communities in France and the role they played has been largely ignored. Beginning with the French Wars of Religion, this study analyzes to what extent France’s religious situation affected the growth of absolutism and how this in turn affected the Jews. Taking advantage of the fractured nature of the early French monarchy, Jews began settling in provinces along the border of both Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. Affected by economic jealousies and cultural perceptions of Jews, the treatment of these communities by local officials led to requests by Jews for royal intervention in these regions. Perceptions of Jews evolved through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as the French Enlightenment influenced the way Jewish characters were presented. This study then ties these perceptions of Jews to the political and economic reality of these communities in an attempt to create a unified history of France’s early modern Jewish population.
40
Claussen, Emma. "A study of the term 'politique' and its uses during the French Wars of Religion." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7efdd2a5-5003-45a4-bc36-baef2a6796f6.
Abstract:
This study of the term politique during the French Wars of Religion (c. 1562-98) argues that it is a keyword in the sense that it is is active and actively used in French explorations of the political, in the forming and undermining of collective identities in a period of civil crisis, and in the self-fashioning gestures of a shifting political class. I sample and analyse a range of texts - from treatises that form part of the canon of early modern French political writing (such as Bodin's Six livres de la Republique [1576] and the Satyre ménippée [c. 1593]) to anonymous polemical pamphlets - all of which feature prominent uses of the term politique. Certain of these sources gave rise to a longstanding historiographical impression that politique referred, in the period, to a coherent third party in the religious wars as well as to a related kind of expertise and its practitioner. This thesis builds on and extends recent work showing that there was no such party and no one in the period who directly identified as politique. Rather than seeking to identify the 'real' politiques or to establish a corrected definition of the term as used in sixteenth-century French, I argue that the term is strikingly and increasingly mobile across the period, coming at times to refer to mobility itself in conceptions of politics and political action. Dialogue emerges in the thesis as a key conceptual arena and discursive mode for writers attempting to work out what they and others mean by the term politique. I use philological and word-historical methods to examine writers of the period who seek to determine what makes a good or bad politique, to present themselves as politique, or to condemn politiques as morally bankrupt, and - in some cases - to do all of the above in the same text. Almost every text I analyse in the thesis offers its own definition of politique, and attempts to be definitive, but I show that all these attempts to make the reader recognise the 'true' meaning of politique are extending the drama rather than concluding it.
41
Jütte, Daniel. "Bericht über die internationale Konferenz "Zwischenräume". Jüdischchristliche Lebenswelten unter venezianischer Herrschaft im späten Mittelalterund der frühen Neuzeit / „Interstizi“. Culture ebraico-cristiane aVenezia e nei domini veneziani tra basso medioevo e prima epoca modern/ “Interstices”. Jewish Cultures in late medieval and early modern Venice and its dominions. Venedig, Deutsches Studienzentrum und Dipartimentodi Studi Storici der Universität Ca’ Foscari, 5.9.-7.9.2007." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3833/.
42
McKeogh, Katie. "Sir Thomas Tresham (1543-1605) and early modern Catholic culture and identity, 1580-1610." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c6d9ffcd-570e-4334-acd4-735c656c0a1f.
Abstract:
What did it mean to be a Catholic elite in Protestant England? The relationship between the Protestant crown and its Catholic subjects may be examined fruitfully through a study of an individual and his world. This thesis examines this relationship through the example of Sir Thomas Tresham, who has often been seen as the archetypal Catholic loyalist. It is argued that the notion of Catholic loyalism must be reconfigured to account for the complexities inherent in the relationship between Catholics and the government. The duty to honour the monarch's authority was bound up with social and national sentiment, but it often accompanied criticisms of the practice of that authority, and the ways in which it encroached on personal experience. Intractable tensions lay behind expressions of loyalty, and this thesis travels in these undercurrents of cultural, social, religious, and political conflict to investigate the nuanced relationship between English Catholics and English society. Political resistance as classically understood - actions which directly opposed and undermined government policy - risks the exclusion of culture and identity, through which resistance was redefined. It is argued that Tresham's participation in elite activities became vehicles for resistance in the Catholic context. Book-collecting, reading, and the donation of books to an institutional library are framed as forms of resistance which countered the spirit of government legislation, and provided for the continuation of a robust tradition of Catholic scholarship on English soil. Through artistic and architectural projects, Tresham found ways to participate in elite culture which were not closed off to him, and in which Catholicism and gentility could sit side by side. These activities were also avenues for resistance, whereby the erection of stone testaments to Tresham's faith defied the government's attempts to redefine Englishness and gentility in Protestant terms, to the devastation of Catholicism. These artistic works combined piety, gentility, and resistance, and, together with Tresham's two Catholic libraries, they were to be his legacy.
43
De, Waal Marguerite Florence. "Revelatory deceptions in selected plays by William Shakespeare." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62673.
Abstract:
This dissertation is concerned with the paradox of revelatory deception a form of 'lying' which reveals truth instead of concealing it in four Shakespearean plays: Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Hamlet, and King Lear. Through close analysis, I show that revelatory deceptions in these plays are metatheatrical, and read them as responding to contemporary writers who attacked the theatre for being inherently deceitful. This reading leads to the identification of parallels in the description of theatre in antitheatrical texts and the descriptions of revelatory deceptions in the plays. I suggest that correlations in phrasing and imagery might undermine antitheatrical rhetoric: for example, the plays portray certain theatrical, revelatory deceptions as traps which free their victims instead of killing them. Such 'lies' are differentiated from actual deceits by their potentially relational characteristics: deceptions which reveal the truth require audiences to put aside their self-interest and certainty to consider alternative realities which might reflect, reconfigure, and expand their understanding of the world and of themselves. The resulting truths lead either to the creation or renewal of relationships, as in Much Ado About Nothing and As You Like It, or offer glimpses at the possibility of renewal, which is ultimately denied, as in Hamlet and King Lear. In both cases the imperatives for truth and right action are underscored not obscured, as antitheatricalists would have argued through the audience's vicarious experience of either the gains or losses of characters within the plays.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
English
MA
Unrestricted
44
Kay, Simon Michael Gorniak. "Literary, political and historical approaches to Virgil's Aeneid in early modern France." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13837.
Abstract:
This thesis examines the increasing sophistication of sixteenth-century French literary engagement with Virgil's Aeneid. It argues that successive forms of engagement with the Aeneid should be viewed as a single process that gradually adopts increasingly complex literary strategies. It does this through a series of four different forms of literary engagement with the Aeneid: translation, continuation, rejection and reconciliation. The increasing sophistication of these forms reflects the writers' desire to interact with the original Aeneid as political epic and Roman foundation narrative, and with the political, religious and literary contexts of early modern France. The first chapter compares the methods of and motivations behind all of the sixteenth-century translations of the Aeneid into French; it thus demonstrates shifts in successive translators' interpretations of Virgil's work, and of its application to sixteenth-century France. The next three chapters each analyse adaptation of Virgil's poem in a major French literary work. Firstly, Ronsard's Franciade is analysed as an example of French foundation epic that simultaneously draws upon and rejects Virgil's narrative. Ronsard's poem is read in the light of Mapheo Vegio's “Thirteenth Book” of the Aeneid, or Supplementum, which continues Virgil's narrative and carries it over into a Christian context. Next, Agrippa d'Aubigné's response to Virgilian epic in Les Tragiques is shown to have been mediated by Lucan's Pharsalia and its anti- epic and anti-imperialist interpretation of the Aeneid. D'Aubigné's inversion of Virgil is highlighted through comparison of attitudes to death and resurrection in Les Tragiques, the Aeneid and Vegio's Antoniad. Finally, Guillaume de Salluste du Bartas' combination, in La Sepmaine and La Seconde Sepmaine of the hexameral structure of Genesis with Virgil's narrative of reconciliation after civil war is shown to represent the most sophisticated understanding of and most complex interaction with the Aeneid in sixteenth-century France.
45
Donlan, Thomas. "The Reform of Zeal: Francois de Sales and Militant Catholicism during the French Wars of Religion." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203012.
Abstract:
In recent decades historians have documented the nature and impact of religious violence within French Catholicism during the French Wars of Religion (1562-1629). My dissertation introduces the question of religious nonviolence within French Catholicism in this era by examining the religiosity practiced and promoted by Francois de Sales (1567-1622). By interpreting the words, actions, and impact of this clergyman across three different contexts - the mission field of the Chablais, in lay spiritual counseling, and in the Order of the Visitation- this research presents a fresh perspective on the nature of Catholicism in early modern France and an important historical case study of the possibilities and limits of moderation in a society reeling from religious extremism.
46
Hamilton, Tom. "Pierre de L'Estoile and his world in the Wars of Religion, 1546-1611." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:848fc095-05a9-48e0-8633-76d63d06b663.
Abstract:
Pierre de L'Estoile (1546-1611) kept an extraordinary diary and collection in Paris during the Wars of Religion, recording everything from high-political scandals to low-life criminality during this crucial turning point in early modern history. The first extensive study of L'Estoile in any language, this thesis demonstrates how he negotiated and commemorated the conflicts that divided France as he engaged creatively with the rumours, ephemeral prints, poems, pictures, and books that he assembled in his diary and cabinet. It argues that the story of his life and times is the history of the civil wars in the making. While historians and literary scholars depend on L’Estoile’s diaries as an essential source of information, citing him as a mere passive observer, this thesis instead explores his subjectivity and interprets a wide range of hitherto unseen or neglected manuscript evidence that situates him in the Parisian society of royal office-holders and demonstrates his significance in the republic of letters. It follows a microhistorical approach to L'Estoile and his world in order to challenge established interpretations of his sources as evidence of a widespread mentality of eschatological anxiety in sixteenth-century France, instead focusing on L’Estoile’s personal responses to pieces in his collection. In this way, it critiques a common trend in cultural history to roam freely among ‘collective representations’ and argues for the importance of a precise analysis of social context, materiality, and individual subjectivity in reception studies.
47
Laferriere, Anik. "The Austin Friars in pre-Reformation English society." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5f927d01-ce0b-4c17-83d8-b5346a9c22e5.
Abstract:
This study examines the role of the Austin Friars in pre-Reformation English society, as distinct both from the Austin Friars of Europe and from other English mendicant orders. By examining how the Austins formulated their origins story in a distinctly English context, this thesis argues that the hagiographical writings of the Austin Friars regarding Augustine of Hippo, whom they claimed as their putative founder, had profound consequences for their religious platform. As their definition of Augustine's religious life was less restrictive than that of the European Austin Friars and did not look to a recent, charismatic leader, such as Dominic or Francis, the English Austin Friars developed a religious adaptability visible in their pastoral, theological, and secular activity. This flexibility contributed to their durability by allowing them to adapt to religious needs as they arose rather than being constrained to what had been validated by their heritage. The behaviour of these friars can be characterised foremost by their ceaseless advancement of the interests of their own order through their creation of a network of influence and the manoeuvring of their confrères into socially and economically expedient positions. Given the propensity of the Austin Friars towards reform, this study seeks to understand its place within and interaction with English society, both religious and secular, in an effort to reconstruct the religious culture of this order. It therefore investigates their interaction with the laity and patronage, with heresy and reform, and with secular powers. It emphasises, above all, the distinctiveness of the English Austin Friars both from other mendicant orders and from the European Austin Friars, whose rigid interpretations of the religious example of Augustine led them to a strict demarcation of the Augustinian life as eremitical in nature and to hostile relations with the Augustinian Canons. Ultimately, this thesis interrogates the significance of being an Austin Friar in fifteenth- or sixteenth-century England and their role in the religious landscape, exploring the exceptional variability to their behaviour and their ability to take on accepted forms of behaviour.
48
Emmett, Rebecca Jane. "Networks of print, patronage and religion in England and Scotland 1580-1604 : the career of Robert Waldegrave." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3352.
Abstract:
This thesis seeks to examine the nature of the intertwined networks of print, patronage and religion that existed within and across England and Scotland between 1580 and 1604, through the career of the English printer Robert Waldegrave. Multifaceted and complex, Waldegrave’s career spanned two countries, four decades and numerous controversies. To date scholars have engaged in a teleological narrative of his career, culminating in his involvement with the Marprelate press between April 1588/9. This focus on Waldegrave as a religious radical has coloured accounts of his English business and resulted in his Scottish career being disregarded by many. This thesis adds to the growing body of scholarship concerning printers and the print trade, illustrating the varied role Waldegrave played, both in relation to the texts he produced and within a broader trans-national context of print There are three major thematic areas of enquiry; whether Waldegrave’s characterization by contemporary commentators and subsequent scholars as a Puritan printer is accurate; what his career in Scotland between 1590 and 1603 reveals about the Scottish print trade, and finally the role and significance of the various networks of print, patronage and religion within which he operated in regards to his own career as well as in the broader context of early modern religious and commercial printing. Challenging the reductive interpretation of Waldegrave’s life and career, this thesis places the Marprelate episode within the wider framework of his English and Scottish careers, enabling traditional assumptions about his motivation and autonomy to be questioned and reevaluated. It will be shown that the accepted image of Waldegrave as a committed Puritan printer, developed and disseminated by his representation within the Marprelate tracts was actually a misrepresentation of his position and that the reality was far more nuanced. His choices were informed by commercial concerns and the various needs of the networks of print, patronage and religion within which he worked, which often limited his ability to promote the religious beliefs he held. The study of Waldegrave and his English contemporaries within the Scottish print trade expands our knowledge of the relationship between the print trades of England and Scotland and highlights how intertwined they were during this period. Waldegrave’s Scottish career, and the significance of his complicated relationship with his royal patron, James VI will be established and the wider impact and significance of Waldegrave’s appointment as Royal printer demonstrated. As he worked as a minor jobbing printer, a fugitive on a clandestine press and as the Royal Printer in Scotland Waldegrave is one of a small number of stationers whose career was extremely varied. Through the study of Waldegrave’s unique and multifaceted career it is therefore possible to trace and analyse the complex networks within which he, and his fellow stationers operated during the late-sixteenth century.
49
Purucker, Martina [Verfasser], and Udo [Akademischer Betreuer] Hebel. "The "monstrous births" of Mary Dyer and Anne Hutchinson: early modern interplays of religion, science, and politics in the Atlantic World / Martina Purucker. Betreuer: Udo Hebel." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1104480557/34.
50
Kearns, Kevin M. "Scripture for America: Scriptural Interpretation in John Locke's Paraphrase." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862806/.
Abstract:
Is John Locke a philosopher or theologian? When considering Locke's religious thought, scholars seldom point to his Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul. This is puzzling since the Paraphrase is his most extensive treatment of Christian theology. Since this is the final work of his life, did Locke undergo a deathbed conversion? The scholarship that has considered the Paraphrase often finds Locke contradicting himself on various theological doctrines. In this dissertation, I find that Locke not only remains consistent with his other writings, but provides his subtlest interpretation of Scripture. He is intentionally subtle in order to persuade a Protestant audience to modern liberalism. This is intended to make Protestantism, and specifically Calvinism, the vehicle for modern liberalism. This is seen clearly in Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Though Weber concludes that Protestant support for capitalism in the late 19th Century is due to its theological foundation, I find that Weber is actually examining Lockean Protestantism. Locke's success in transforming Protestantism is also useful today in showing how a modern liberal can converse with someone who actively opposes, and may even wish to harm, modern liberalism. The dissertation analyzes four important Protestant doctrines: Faith Alone, Scripture Alone, the church and family, and Christian political life.