Books on the topic 'Early injection'
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1
Dacome, Lucia. Injecting Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736189.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 7 furthers the analysis of the role of anatomical models as cultural currencies capable of transferring value. It does so by expanding the investigation of the early stages of anatomical modelling to include a new setting. In particular, it follows the journey of the Palermitan anatomist and modeller Giuseppe Salerno and his anatomical ‘skeleton’—a specimen that represented the body’s complex web of blood vessels and was presented as the result of anatomical injections. Although Salerno was headed towards Bologna, a major centre of anatomical modelling, he ended his journey in Naples after the nobleman Raimondo di Sangro purchased the skeleton for his own cabinet of curiosities. This chapter considers the creation and viewing of an anatomical display in di Sangro’s Neapolitan Palace from a comparative perspective that highlights how geography and locality played an important part in shaping the culture of mid-eighteenth-century anatomical modelling.
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Barnett, Ben J., and Margaret Hoffman-Terry. HIV/Hepatitis Co-infection. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0039.
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is common in people living with HIV, and all patients with HIV should be screened for HBV infection. The most common route of transmission worldwide is through perinatal or early childhood exposure, but adult transmission of HBV is often by routes similar to those for HIV, including sexual contact and injection drug use. Although it varies by exposure route, approximately 10% of HIV-positive patients also have chronic HBV infection, and up to 90% have serologic evidence of past exposure to HBV. Long-term complications of HBV infection can include cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
3
Clark, David. Hospice and Palliative Care. Edited by Stuart J. Youngner and Robert M. Arnold. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199974412.013.4.
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Hospice and palliative care have shared but divergent histories. By the early 20th century, a new focus on end-of-life care had also appeared. Despite a lack of definitional precision within these models, there is a fragile but emergent evidence base and a growing professionalization of the field. As awareness increases about the rising number of deaths in the world, competing claims also emerge about the manner of our dying. These go beyond the field itself to include support for assisted dying, greater emphasis on community resilience in the face of aging and death, plus growing environmental awareness of the significance of rising death rates. These require interdisciplinary thinking, as well the injection of new ideas from cognate fields in the health and social sciences.
4
Hiltebeitel, Alf. Thinking Goddesses, Mothers, Brothers, and Snakes with Freud and Bose. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878375.003.0008.
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This chapter further explores snake symbolism, highlighting also goddesses, Freud’s mother Amalia, and Freud’s brothers and half-brothers. The author considers the ideas of post-Freudian psychoanalytic writers who shed light on these themes, including Eric Erikson, and Freud’s “specimen dream” of “Irma’s Injection” as evoking a vagina. Here, Freud states his rule that every dream has an “unplumbable navel” beyond which the analyst cannot go. The chapter goes on to discuss ideas of Bernard This, John Abbott, and Bruno Bettelheim, with Freud’s early mention of the Loch Ness monster as a likely allusion to Athena with her snakes. Finally, the author takes up Bertram Lewin’s concept of the “dream screen,” as well as the personal universe of Romain Rolland’s oceanic feeling.
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Steiner, Lisa A. Infections of the Hand. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0047.
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Hand infections can be delineated by type and location of infection, by a polymicrobial vs single microbial colonization, and by the type of organism. They are most often caused by superficial injury or trauma. Early identification and timely treatment can significantly improve the morbidity associated with hand infections. In addition to determining the source and mechanism of infection, it is important to identify tetanus immunization status, prior injury to the affected area, immune status, occupation, and hand dominance. Some hand infections (eg, paronychia, felon, herpetic whitlow, and cellulitis) can be treated in the emergency department and discharged with close follow-up. Deep space abscesses and infections caused by bite wounds involving tendons will require either observation, admission, or surgery depending on their severity. Take into account a patient’s comorbidities—diabetes, immunosuppression, injection drug use, inability to follow up for re-evaluation, and ability to fill antibiotic prescriptions—upon disposition.
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Youngner, Stuart J., and Robert M. Arnold. Introduction. Edited by Stuart J. Youngner and Robert M. Arnold. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199974412.013.30.
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This volume explores the topic of death and dying from the late twentieth to the early twenty-first centuries, with particular emphasis on the United States. The book comprises six sections. Section I examines how the law has helped shape clinical practice, emphasizing the roles of rights and patient autonomy. Section II focuses on specific clinical issues, including death and dying in children, continuous sedation as a way to relieve suffering at the end of life, and the problem of prognostication in patients who are thought to be dying. Section III considers psychosocial and cultural issues, Section IV discusses death and dying among various vulnerable populations such as the elderly and persons with disabilities, and Section V deals with physician-assisted suicide and active euthanasia (lethal injection). Finally, Section VI looks at hospice and palliative care as a way to address the psychosocial and ethical problems of death and dying.
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Mohamed, Mahmood Nazar, Hassan Ali, Faisal Ibrahim, and Ahamad Jusoh. Estimation of drug users and injecting drug users in Malaysia. UUM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9833282415.
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Malaysia treats the problem of drug addiction as a security issue. Since it was identified in the early 70s, the number of drug addicts is constantly on the rise. At present, the government provides all statistics pertaining to the number of drug users, abusers and addicts in the country.The monograph contains the full report that was submitted to the Ministry of Health and WHO-WPR. It reports the national data for drug addiction for the year 2002, and a detailed description of the methodology used to arrive at the estimates.
8
Kane, David, and Philip Platt. Ultrasound. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0067.
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Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is rapidly becoming a standard part of many rheumatologists' daily clinical practice. MSUS is safe, increasingly widely available, relatively low cost, non-invasive, and hence very acceptable to the patient. Current problems with availability of training, mentoring, and accreditation procedures need to be overcome for MSUS to reach its full potential for rheumatologists. MSUS is capable of improving clinical diagnosis and the accuracy of intervention. MSUS is more sensitive than clinical examination in the detection of synovitis and effusion and is capable of rapid targeted assessment of widely spaced joints coupled with clinical correlation. MSUS has advantages over other imaging modalities; the ability to display dynamic real-time movement makes it the imaging modality of choice for tendon problems. It is significantly more sensitive than plain radiology in the demonstration of early erosive changes, and although its sensitivity is less than that of MRI for the detection of erosions it is far more practical, timely, and available. The combination of sensitivity in detection of synovitis, tenosynovitis, and erosions makes it an ideal imaging modality in the context of an early arthritis clinic. Power Doppler has been shown to be an effective way of evaluating synovitis and hence is of value in early diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory arthritides. The accuracy of placement of local injection therapies is enhanced by MSUS, and it significantly increases the diagnostic success rate of aspiration of joints and bursas. The flexibility of ultrasound as a tool for rheumatologists is shown by its application in the assessment of vasculitides, peripheral nerve pathology, salivary glands, and skin lesions.
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Kane, David, and Philip Platt. Ultrasound. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0067_update_002.
Full textAbstract:
Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is rapidly becoming a standard part of many rheumatologists’ daily clinical practice. MSUS is safe, increasingly widely available, relatively low cost, non-invasive, and hence very acceptable to the patient. Current problems with availability of training, mentoring, and accreditation procedures need to be overcome for MSUS to reach its full potential for rheumatologists. MSUS is capable of improving clinical diagnosis and the accuracy of intervention. MSUS is more sensitive than clinical examination in the detection of synovitis and effusion and is capable of rapid targeted assessment of widely spaced joints coupled with clinical correlation. MSUS has advantages over other imaging modalities; the ability to display dynamic real-time movement makes it the imaging modality of choice for tendon problems. It is significantly more sensitive than plain radiology in the demonstration of early erosive changes, and although its sensitivity is less than that of MRI for the detection of erosions it is far more practical, timely, and available. The combination of sensitivity in detection of synovitis, tenosynovitis, and erosions makes it an ideal imaging modality in the context of an early arthritis clinic. Power Doppler has been shown to be an effective way of evaluating synovitis and hence is of value in early diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory arthritides. The accuracy of placement of local injection therapies is enhanced by MSUS, and it significantly increases the diagnostic success rate of aspiration of joints and bursas. The flexibility of ultrasound as a tool for rheumatologists is shown by its application in the assessment of vasculitides, peripheral nerve pathology, salivary glands, and skin lesions.
10
Sugiyama, Masahiro, Atsushi Ishii, Shinichiro Asayama, and Takanobu Kosugi. Solar Geoengineering Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.647.
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Climate engineering, a set of techniques proposed to intervene directly in the climate system to reduce risks from climate change, presents many novel governance challenges. Solar radiation management (SRM), particularly the use of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), is one of the most discussed proposals. It has been attracting more and more interest, and its pertinence as a potential option for responding to the threats from climate change may be set to increase because of the long-term temperature goal (well below 2°C or 1.5°C) in the 2015 Paris Agreement. Initial research has demonstrated that SAI would cool the climate system and reduce climate risks in many ways, although it is mired in unknown environmental risks and various sociopolitical ramifications. The proposed techniques are in the early stage of research and development (R&D), providing a unique opportunity for upstream public engagement, long touted as a desirable pathway to more plural and inclusive governance of emergent technologies by opening up social choices in technology. Solar geoengineering governance faces various challenges. One of the most acute of these is how to situate public engagement in international governance discourse; the two topics have been studied separately. Another challenge relates to bridging the gap between the social choices at hand and assessment of the risks and benefits of SRM. Deeper integration of knowledge across disciplines and stakeholder and public inputs is a prerequisite for enabling responsible innovation for the future of our climate.
11
Morag-Levine, Noga. Sociological Jurisprudence and The Spirit of The Common Law. Edited by Markus D. Dubber and Christopher Tomlins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198794356.013.24.
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This chapter explores the work and influence of Roscoe Pound who offered sociological jurisprudence in response to transatlantic-inspired threats to the future of the common law. At issue was the rise of social science as an alternative, civil-law-affiliated, administrative paradigm that simultaneously threatened the academic interests of the law schools, the professional concerns of the bar, and the core constitutional principles of judicial supremacy. Within this context, Pound selectively drew on European social legal theory with the goal of saving the common law from itself. The project consisted of two primary proposals for reform, one focused on the universities, the other on the courts. Through the injection of social-scientific content into legal pedagogy and research, sociological jurisprudence forged a socio-legal paradigm that together with lowering the barriers separating law from society also ensured that law would continue to exist as a distinct field of inquiry in the universities and beyond. Where the courts were concerned, sociological jurisprudence answered pressures for radical curtailment of judicial review with a narrow, formalist, construction of the deficiency at the core of the Lochner Court’s reasoning. It was a problem definition that successfully served to deflect direct attacks on judicial supremacy. Largely hidden going forward has been the extent to which the constitutional battle lines of the early twentieth century were drawn between rival, common law- and civil-law-based paradigms of administrative governance.
12
Youngner, Stuart J., and Robert M. Arnold, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Ethics at the End of Life. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199974412.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This handbook explores the topic of death and dying from the late twentieth to the early twenty-first centuries, with particular emphasis on the United States. In this period, technology has radically changed medical practices and the way we die as structures of power have been reshaped by the rights claims of African Americans, women, gays, students, and, most relevant here, patients. Respecting patients’ values has been recognized as the essential moral component of clinical decision making. Technology’s promise has been seen to have a dark side: it prolongs the dying process. For the first time in history, human beings have the ability to control the timing of death. With this ability comes a responsibility that is awesome and inescapable. How we understand and manage this responsibility is the theme of this volume. The book has six sections. Section I examines how the law has helped shape clinical practice, emphasizing the roles of rights and patient autonomy. Section II focuses on specific clinical issues, including death and dying in children, continuous sedation as a way to relieve suffering at the end of life, and the problem of prognostication in patients who are thought to be dying. Section III considers psychosocial and cultural issues. Section IV discusses death and dying among various vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and persons with disabilities. Section V deals with physician-assisted suicide and active euthanasia (lethal injection). Finally, Section VI looks at hospice and palliative care as ways to address the psychosocial and ethical problems of death and dying.
13
Speed, Cathy. Pharmacological pain management in sports injuries. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199533909.003.0015.
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The perception of pain is a biological mechanism which warns that damage has occurred and protects against further damage, allowing healing to occur. Acute pain often acts as an indicator of injury severity and progression or healing. The same may apply in some with chronic injuries, but in others pain may not correlate with tissue damage and/or may not be a sign that the tissue needs to be protected from mechanical stress. The management of most sports injuries involves early mobilization where possible, and pain management in the treatment of these injuries is important to allow rehabilitation to proceed and to ease distress. Modalities play an important role in this respect, and are discussed elsewhere (Chapter 2.4). Injection therapies are also discussed elsewhere (Chapter 2.6). Thorough counselling of the athlete is a priority to ensure that he/she understands what the pain represents, as this will be likely to affect compliance. For example, a degree of pain during eccentric exercise protocols in the rehabilitation of chronic tendinopathies would be anticipated, and would not contraindicate continuation of a set programme. In contrast, when an athlete is returning to sporting activities after injury, pain that is experienced during the activity would not be acceptable, and the athlete is also advised during this period that conclusions as to the tissue’s reaction to activity should not be drawn until the day after the training session. Athletes should also be taught appropriate self-help strategies to manage their pain and when this involves medication, how and when to take it. Principles for the use of medications in pain management are given in ...
14
Knezevic, Nebojsa Nick, Benjamin Cantu, Ivana Knezevic, and Kenneth D. Candido. Chronic Back Pain in the Elderly: Spinal Stenosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0022.
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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common reason for physician office visits among the elderly. Predictive factors for CLBP are female sex, social isolation, hypertension, and joint pain. In the elderly, CLBP may be related to degenerative spinal stenosis with disk degeneration and overall spondylosis. A detailed medical history and a targeted, comprehensive physical examination are the initial approaches to rule out underlying disease that requires urgent attention. Clinical and evidence-based approaches to management suggest avoiding early MRI or CT, as imaging in elderly patients has proven both impractical and uneconomical. Instead, good clinical judgment should be used for making diagnoses. Consensus on the best initial approaches for managing CLBP has not yet been achieved, and conservative therapy is suggested, varying from use of pharmacologic agents, physical therapy, electrical stimulation, and physical manipulations to epidural injections. Surgical alternatives are avoided due to confounding and multiple comorbidities in older patients.
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Rudwaleit, Martin, and Atul Deodhar. Diagnosis, classification, and management of peripheral spondyloarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0004.
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Spondyloarthritis (SpA) can affect the axial skeleton (axSpA) but also manifest as peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, and dactylitis (peripheral SpA). Peripheral SpA can occur after bacterial infections (reactive arthritis) or be associated with psoriasis or inflammatory bowel disease. The arthritis is usually asymmetric, affects predominantly the lower extremity, and can be self-limiting but can also run a chronic course. The frequency of HLA-B27 is around 50% in purely peripheral SpA, while it is 70–90% in axSpA. For classification, the Amor, ESSG, or more recent ASAS criteria for peripheral SpA can be used. The ASAS criteria are likely to capture early peripheral SpA better than the other two. Therapy includes NSAIDs, local steroid injections, and synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, of which sulfasalazine is best studied and the preferred drug for peripheral arthritis. A recent, placebo-controlled clinical trial with adalimumab may lead to the first approval of a biologic in peripheral SpA.
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Felquer, Laura Acosta, and Enrique R. Soriano. Approach to management and symptomatic (including non-pharmacologic) management of psoriatic arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0027.
Full textAbstract:
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogenous disease with multiple manifestations and comorbidities, and requires a collaborative management with other specialists. The major symptoms bordering patients are pain stiffness, and swelling, but fatigue, depression, embarrassment and fear are frequent and not always assessed by treating physicians. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and local glucocorticosteroid injections remain important treatment options that should be used, although with caution, in the appropriate patient. Since the pre-biologic era, physical therapy has been part of non-pharmacological treatment in patients with rheumatic disease. Unfortunately there is little evidence of the efficacy of rehabilitation in PsA with no study with high grade of evidence. Surgery should be reserved for advanced cases as the new paradigms in the treatment of PsA (early diagnosis and treatment, remission as an objective, and treat to target), would very probably reduce the already low number of patients that need this last treatment option. In PsA patients surgery outcomes are similar to those of surgical management of other forms of arthritis. Symptomatic and non-pharmacologic management of PsA remain as important adjuvants of PsA treatment, although with little evidence.
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Chirurgical Works of Percival Pott ...: To Which Are Added a Short Account of the Life of the Author, a Method of Curing the Hydrocele by Injection and Occasional Notes and Observations by Sir James Earle. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.
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Chirurgical Works of Percival Pott ...: To Which Are Added a Short Account of the Life of the Author, a Method of Curing the Hydrocele by Injection and Occasional Notes and Observations by Sir James Earle. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.
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