Journal articles on the topic 'Early infant vocalizations'
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Gregory, Adele, Marija Tabain, and Michael Robb. "Duration and Voice Quality of Early Infant Vocalizations." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 7 (July 13, 2018): 1591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0316.
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Purpose Infant vocal durations have been studied from a variety of perspectives, including medical, social, and linguistic. The resultant developmental profile across the first 6 months of life, however, is still far from clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the durational properties of infant vocalizations from the unique perspective of voice quality. By considering an infant's modal and nonmodal voice qualities, the developmental range of vocalizations produced by infants during the early months of life was captured. Method Four Australian English–speaking infants were recorded for approximately 1 hr per week during the first 6 months of life. A total of 6,309 vocalizations were perceptually identified and labeled according to voice quality. The duration of each vocalization was subsequently measured. Results A nonlinear curve was evident for the duration of all vocalizations combined. Duration increased significantly between Months 3 and 5. Modal voice was the only voice quality that displayed a linear increase in duration across the study. All other voice qualities displayed polynomial trends. Conclusions Based on the current results, the inconsistent pattern of vocal duration development found previously can be reconciled when voice quality properties of vocalizations are taken into account. A nonlinear curve is evident when a broad corpus of infant vocalizations is used, whereas a narrow corpus containing predominantly modal vocalizations displays a linear trend. The results demonstrate the necessity of including nonmodal voice qualities in infant duration experiments so as to not overstate the linear nature of duration increases.
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Seidl, Amanda, Alejandrina Cristia, Melanie Soderstrom, Eon-Suk Ko, Emily A. Abel, Ashleigh Kellerman, and A. J. Schwichtenberg. "Infant–Mother Acoustic–Prosodic Alignment and Developmental Risk." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 6 (June 19, 2018): 1369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0287.
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Purpose One promising early marker for autism and other communicative and language disorders is early infant speech production. Here we used daylong recordings of high- and low-risk infant–mother dyads to examine whether acoustic–prosodic alignment as well as two automated measures of infant vocalization are related to developmental risk status indexed via familial risk and developmental progress at 36 months of age. Method Automated analyses of the acoustics of daylong real-world interactions were used to examine whether pitch characteristics of one vocalization by the mother or the child predicted those of the vocalization response by the other speaker and whether other features of infants' speech in daylong recordings were associated with developmental risk status or outcomes. Results Low-risk and high-risk dyads did not differ in the level of acoustic–prosodic alignment, which was overall not significant. Further analyses revealed that acoustic–prosodic alignment did not predict infants' later developmental progress, which was, however, associated with two automated measures of infant vocalizations (daily vocalizations and conversational turns). Conclusions Although further research is needed, these findings suggest that automated measures of vocalizations drawn from daylong recordings are a possible early identification tool for later developmental progress/concerns. Supplemental Material https://osf.io/cdn3v/
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DeVeney, Shari L., Anastasia Kyvelidou, and Paris Mather. "A home-based longitudinal study of vocalization behaviors across infants at low and elevated risk of autism." Autism & Developmental Language Impairments 6 (January 2021): 239694152110576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23969415211057658.
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Background and Aims: The purpose of this exploratory study was to expand existing literature on prelinguistic vocalizations by reporting results of the first home-based longitudinal study examining a wide variety of behaviors and characteristics, including early vocalizations, across infants at low and elevated risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study of vocalizations and vocalization changes across early developmental periods shows promise in reflecting early clinically significant differences across infants at low and elevated risk of ASD. Observations of early vocalizations and their differences during infancy could provide a reliable and essential component of an early developmental profile that would lower the average diagnostic age for ASD. However, studies employing observation of vocalization behaviors have been limited and often conducted in laboratory settings, reducing the external generalization of the findings. Methods: The present study was conducted to determine the consistency of previous findings with longitudinal data collected in home environments. Infants in the present study represented elevated risk from two etiological backgrounds, (a) infants born prematurely and with low birth weight and (b) infants who had an older sibling diagnosed with ASD. All data were collected in the infants’ homes and compared with data collected from infants with low likelihood of ASD. The study included 44 participants (31 in the low-risk sample, 13 in the high-risk sample) with vocalization behaviors observed at 6- and 12-months through 20-min semi-structured play interactions with caregivers. Observations were video-recorded and later coded for speech and non-speech vocalizations. Results: Differences in the 6-month vocalization behaviors were not statistically significant across risk levels of ASD. By 12 months; however, risk group differences were evident in the total number of vocalizations overall with specific differences across groups representing moderate to large, clinically relevant effects. Infants at low risk of ASD demonstrated significantly greater developmental change between 6- and 12-months than did the infants at high risk. Data were also reviewed for differences across high-risk group etiologies. Conclusions: The present study was unique and innovative in a number of ways as the first home-based longitudinal study examining infant vocal behaviors across low and high risk of ASD. Many of the present study findings were consistent with previous cross-sectional investigations of infants at elevated risk for ASD, indicating support for further home-based longitudinal study in this area. Findings also indicated some preliminary subgroup differences between high-risk etiologies of ASD. Vocalization differences across high risk groups had not been previously addressed in the literature. Implications: Vocalization differences are notable by 12-months of age between infants at low and elevated risk of ASD and infants at high risk demonstrated reduced developmental changes between 6- and 12-months compared to the infants at low risk. Observation of early infant vocalization behaviors may reasonably occur in the home, providing early childhood professionals and researchers with empirical support for data collection of child-caregiver interactions in this setting. Potential differences across high-risk etiologies warrant further investigation.
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Yoo, Hyunjoo, and Seunghee Ha. "Infant Vocalizations and Early Home Language Environment." Communication Sciences & Disorders 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.21806.
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Objectives: It is well known that infant-directed speech (IDS) facilitates early language acquisition. There is also growing evidence that adult-directed (ADS) or overheard speech may influence language learning. Given the importance of early language environment in infancy, greater attention must be paid to systematically investigating home language environment as well as relations between language input and infant volubility. The goals of this study were (1) to investigate the amount of IDS and ADS in a naturalistic environment, (2) to examine infant volubility across differing circumstances, and (3) to explore relations between caregiver volubility and infant volubility.Methods: Sixteen caregiver-infant dyads living in Korea participated in the study. Caregiver and infant vocalizations were recorded using all-day LENA (Language ENvironment Analysis) recorders in their homes as part of a longitudinal study. We quantified the number of infant speech-like vocalizations (i.e., protophones). We also estimated the amount of caregiver volubility. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were conducted to address the research questions.Results: Results indicated that caregivers did not constantly talk to their infants. There was a significant difference in infant volubility between the IDS and No IDS circumstances. However, no significant difference was found between the ADS and No ADS circumstances. Infant volubility was found to be highest when caregiver volubility ranged in the middle.Conclusion: This study may support a midrange hypothesis which suggests that midrange interaction is optimal for infant development outcomes.
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Bourvis, Nadège, Magi Singer, Catherine Saint Georges, Nicolas Bodeau, Mohamed Chetouani, David Cohen, and Ruth Feldman. "Pre-linguistic infants employ complex communicative loops to engage mothers in social exchanges and repair interaction ruptures." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 170274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170274.
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Language has long been identified as a powerful communicative tool among humans. Yet, pre-linguistic communication, which is common in many species, is also used by human infants prior to the acquisition of language. The potential communicational value of pre-linguistic vocal interactions between human infants and mothers has been studied in the past decades. With 120 dyads (mothers and three- or six-month-old infants), we used the classical Still Face Paradigm (SFP) in which mothers interact freely with their infants, then refrain from communication (Still Face, SF), and finally resume play. We employed innovative automated techniques to measure infant and maternal vocalization and pause, and dyadic parameters (infant response to mother, joint silence and overlap) and the emotional component of Infant Directed Speech (e-IDS) throughout the interaction. We showed that: (i) during the initial free play mothers use longer vocalizations and more e-IDS when they interact with older infants and (ii) infant boys exhibit longer vocalizations and shorter pauses than girls. (iii) During the SF and reunion phases, infants show marked and sustained changes in vocalizations but their mothers do not and (iv) mother–infant dyadic parameters increase in the reunion phase. Our quantitative results show that infants, from the age of three months, actively participate to restore the interactive loop after communicative ruptures long before vocalizations show clear linguistic meaning. Thus, auditory signals provide from early in life a channel by which infants co-create interactions, enhancing the mother–infant bond.
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Lopez, Lukas D., Eric A. Walle, Gina M. Pretzer, and Anne S. Warlaumont. "Adult responses to infant prelinguistic vocalizations are associated with infant vocabulary: A home observation study." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 25, 2020): e0242232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242232.
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This study used LENA recording devices to capture infants’ home language environments and examine how qualitative differences in adult responding to infant vocalizations related to infant vocabulary. Infant-directed speech and infant vocalizations were coded in samples taken from daylong home audio recordings of 13-month-old infants. Infant speech-related vocalizations were identified and coded as either canonical or non-canonical. Infant-directed adult speech was identified and classified into different pragmatic types. Multiple regressions examined the relation between adult responsiveness, imitating, recasting, and expanding and infant canonical and non-canonical vocalizations with caregiver-reported infant receptive and productive vocabulary. An interaction between adult like-sound responding (i.e., the total number of imitations, recasts, and expansions) and infant canonical vocalizations indicated that infants who produced more canonical vocalizations and received more adult like-sound responses had higher productive vocabularies. When sequences were analyzed, infant canonical vocalizations that preceded and followed adult recasts and expansions were positively associated with infant productive vocabulary. These findings provide insights into how infant-adult vocal exchanges are related to early vocabulary development.
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Shimada, Yohko M. "Infant vocalization when alone: Possibility of early sound playing." International Journal of Behavioral Development 36, no. 6 (June 29, 2012): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025411431408.
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Five-month-old infants' vocalization when alone was investigated. Several researchers have reported observing that young infants vocalize in comfortable states without any response from others. As is implied by episodic reports in previous studies, it is possible that infants vocalize to play with their own vocal sound. Producing and listening to their vocalizations as sound play could be an early emergence of musical behavior. A hypothesis of this study is that infants vocalize when alone in a comfortable condition for the purpose of listening to their sound, and not to elicit responses from others. Three experimental conditions were conducted in the infants' homes: the response condition, where the mother responded to the infant; the no-response condition, where the infant was left alone in the room and began spontaneous sound production; and the no-response-amplified condition, where the second condition was accompanied by amplified immediate sound feedback. The results suggested that the ratio of sound was higher in the no-response condition, and even higher in the no-response-amplified condition. In both conditions where the infants were alone, repetition of the same phrase was increased. The possible implications of infant vocalization simply to listen to their sounds are discussed.
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Ramsdell-Hudock, Heather L., Anne S. Warlaumont, Lindsey E. Foss, and Candice Perry. "Classification of Infant Vocalizations by Untrained Listeners." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 9 (September 20, 2019): 3265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-18-0494.
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Purpose To better enable communication among researchers, clinicians, and caregivers, we aimed to assess how untrained listeners classify early infant vocalization types in comparison to terms currently used by researchers and clinicians. Method Listeners were caregivers with no prior formal education in speech and language development. A 1st group of listeners reported on clinician/researcher-classified vowel, squeal, growl, raspberry, whisper, laugh, and cry vocalizations obtained from archived video/audio recordings of 10 infants from 4 through 12 months of age. A list of commonly used terms was generated based on listener responses and the standard research terminology. A 2nd group of listeners was presented with the same vocalizations and asked to select terms from the list that they thought best described the sounds. Results Classifications of the vocalizations by listeners largely overlapped with published categorical descriptors and yielded additional insight into alternate terms commonly used. The biggest discrepancies were found for the vowel category. Conclusion Prior research has shown that caregivers are accurate in identifying canonical babbling, a major prelinguistic vocalization milestone occurring at about 6–7 months of age. This indicates that caregivers are also well attuned to even earlier emerging vocalization types. This supports the value of continuing basic and clinical research on the vocal types infants produce in the 1st months of life and on their potential diagnostic utility, and may also help improve communication between speech-language pathologists and families.
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CHEN, LI-MEI, and RAYMOND D. KENT. "Segmental production in Mandarin-learning infants." Journal of Child Language 37, no. 2 (June 3, 2009): 341–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000909009581.
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ABSTRACTThe early development of vocalic and consonantal production in Mandarin-learning infants was studied at the transition from babbling to producing first words. Spontaneous vocalizations were recorded for 24 infants grouped by age: G1 (0 ; 7 to 1 ; 0) and G2 (1 ; 1 to 1 ; 6). Additionally, the infant-directed speech of 24 caregivers was recorded during natural infant–adult interactions to infer language-specific effects. Data were phonetically transcribed according to broad categories of vowels and consonants. Vocalic development, in comparison with reports for children of other linguistic environments, exhibited two universal patterns: the prominence of [ɛ] and [ə], and the predominance of low and mid vowels over high vowels. Language-specific patterns were also found, e.g. the early appearance and acquisition of low vowels [ɑ]. Vowel production was similar in G1 and G2, and a continuum of developmental changes brought infants' vocalization closer to the adult model. Consonantal development showed two universal patterns: labials and alveolars occurred more frequently than velars; and nasals developed earlier than fricatives, affricates and liquids. We also found two language-specific patterns: alveolars were more prominent than labials and affricates developed early. Universal and language-specific characteristics in G1 continued to be prominent in G2. These data indicate that infants are sensitive to the ambient language at an early age, and this sensitivity influences the nature of their vocalizations.
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Hsu, H., A. Fogel, R. B. Cooper, E. E. Nwokah, and D. S. Messinger. "The development of infant positive vocalizations in early infancy." Infant Behavior and Development 19 (April 1996): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0163-6383(96)90572-x.
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Kent, Ray D., and Harold R. Bauer. "Vocalizations of one-year-olds." Journal of Child Language 12, no. 3 (October 1985): 491–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900006620.
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ABSTRACTMother–infant interactions were recorded for five dyads in a home environment. This report describes the vocalizations produced when the infants were 13 months old. Data are reported on syllable structure, phonetic properties of vowel-like and consonant-like segments, intonation contours and peak f0 values for individual syllables. In general, the acoustic–phonetic properties of the 13-month-olds' vocalizations were consistent with data reported in other studies for younger and older children. Hence, the results are seen as evidence for an overall continuity in early phonetic development.
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Rome-Flanders, Tibie, and Carolyn Cronk. "A longitudinal study of infant vocalizations during mother–infant games." Journal of Child Language 22, no. 2 (June 1995): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009788.
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ABSTRACTThis study explored the development of verbal behaviours of infants during two mother–infant games. Twenty-five infants were videotaped as they played peek-a-boo and ball with their mothers at 0;6, 0;9, 1;0, 1;3, 1;6, and 2;0. The frequencies of eight categories of vocal/verbal behaviours were analysed as they evolved over time in both games. Despite differences in the structure and level of difficulty of peek-a-boo and ball, the development of these behaviours proved to be similar in the two games. One category, PRIMITIVE VOCALIZATIONS, which did not change in frequency over time, was seen to have a pragmatic rather than a linguistic function. Another category, PRELEXICAL COMMENT, demonstrated an early capacity for conveying topic and comment together in the form of speech sounds combined with an attentiongetting gesture well before the emergence of multiple-word utterances. The vocal behaviours produced during games were compared with the results of language tests administered during the experimental sessions. Strong correlations were found between the results of these two measures of language. The predictive nature of vocal behaviours during games is discussed.
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Gros-Louis, Julie, Meredith J. West, Michael H. Goldstein, and Andrew P. King. "Mothers provide differential feedback to infants' prelinguistic sounds." International Journal of Behavioral Development 30, no. 6 (November 2006): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025406071914.
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Few studies have focused on mechanisms of developmental change during the prelinguistic period. The lack of focus on early vocal development is surprising given that maternal responsiveness to infants during the first two years has been found to influence later language development. In addition, in a variety of species, social feedback is essential for vocal development. Previous research demonstrated that maternal feedback to prelinguistic vocalizations influenced the production of more developmentally advanced vocalizations, suggesting that effects of maternal responsiveness on vocal development may start during the prelinguistic phase; however, because mothers were instructed how and when to respond to their infants' vocalizations, the timing and type of typical maternal feedback is unknown. In the present study, we analyzed unstructured play sessions for 10 mother–infant dyads to explore the relationship between prelinguistic vocal production and maternal responsiveness. Mothers responded contingently to prelinguistic vocalizations over 70% of the time. Mothers responded with more vocal responses compared to interactive responses (e.g., gazes, smiling, physical contact). Investigation of specific types of vocal responses revealed that mothers responded mainly with acknowledgments to both vowel-like sounds and consonant–vowel clusters. Mothers also showed differential responding to vocalizations that varied in quality. Mothers responded with play vocalizations to vowel-like vocalizations significantly more than to consonant–vowel clusters, whereas they responded with imitations to consonant–vowel clusters more than to vowel-like sounds. Mothers, therefore, appeared to regulate their contingent feedback relative to the speech-like quality of infants' vocalizations which may provide relevant stimulation to guide communicative development.
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Eilers, Rebecca E., and D. Kimbrough Oller. "Infant vocalizations and the early diagnosis of severe hearing impairment." Journal of Pediatrics 124, no. 2 (February 1994): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(94)70303-5.
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Ramsdell-Hudock, Heather L., Andrew Stuart, and Teri Peterson. "What Do Caregivers Tell Us about Infant Babbling?" Studies in Linguistics and Literature 2, no. 3 (August 16, 2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sll.v2n3p161.
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<em>Phonetic repertoires in babbling are an important marker of prelinguistic development. Typical phonetic development, however, is difficult to identify given variability within and across infants. Prior to 18 months of infant age, caregiver report of prelinguistic vocal development is often an important part of clinical practice for early intervention. As a first step toward understanding the utility of caregiver report of babbling, the purpose of this exploratory study was to determine how the phonetic makeup of sounds reported by caregivers in infant babbling would develop, in particular comparison to markedness theory and established norms. In a longitudinal design, caregiver report was tracked through weekly interviews from 7 to 18 months of infant age (N = 15). Reports were phonetically transcribed and examined in terms of the number of utterances; place, manner, and voicing for consonants; and tongue position for vowels. In general, the number of utterances and phonetic segments reported by caregivers increased significantly with infant age (p < .05) and phonetic feature patterns were similar to what one would expect in the vocal development of English-learning infants. Results support the notion that caregiver report of infant vocalizations may provide a valuable means for describing early infant babbling development.</em>
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Apicella, Fabio, Natasha Chericoni, Valeria Costanzo, Sara Baldini, Lucia Billeci, David Cohen, and Filippo Muratori. "Reciprocity in Interaction: A Window on the First Year of Life in Autism." Autism Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/705895.
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From early infancy onwards, young children appear motivated to engage reciprocally with others and share psychological states during dyadic interactions. Although poor reciprocity is one of the defining features of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), few studies have focused on the direct assessment of real-life reciprocal behavior; consequently, our knowledge of the nature and the development of this core feature of autism is still limited. In this study, we describe the phenomenon of reciprocity in infant-caregiver interaction by analyzing family movies taken during the first year of life of 10 infants with ASD and 9 infants with typical development (TD). We analyzed reciprocal behaviors by means of a coding scheme developed for this purpose (caregiver-infant reciprocity scale (CIRS)). Infants with ASD displayed less motor activity during the first semester and subsequently fewer vocalizations, compared to TD infants. Caregivers of ASD infants showed in the second semester shorter periods of involvement and a reduction of affectionate touch. These results suggest that from the first months of life a nonsynchronic motor-vocal pattern may interfere in different ways with the development of reciprocity in the primary relationship between infants later diagnosed with ASD and their caregivers.
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Varella, Thiago T., Yisi Zhang, Daniel Y. Takahashi, and Asif A. Ghazanfar. "A mechanism for punctuating equilibria during mammalian vocal development." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): e1010173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010173.
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Evolution and development are typically characterized as the outcomes of gradual changes, but sometimes such changes are abrupt: States of equilibrium can be punctuated by sudden change. Here, we studied the early vocal development of three different mammals: common marmoset monkeys, Egyptian fruit bats, and humans. Consistent with the notion of punctuated equilibria, we found that all three species undergo at least one sudden transition in the acoustics of their developing vocalizations. To understand the mechanism, we modeled different developmental landscapes. We found that the transition was best described as a shift in the balance of two vocalization landscapes. We show that the natural dynamics of these two landscapes are consistent with the dynamics of energy expenditure and information transmission. By using them as constraints for each species, we predicted the differences in transition timing from immature to mature vocalizations. Using marmoset monkeys, we were able to manipulate both infant energy expenditure (vocalizing in an environment with lighter air) and information transmission (closed-loop contingent parental vocal playback). These experiments support the importance of energy and information in leading to punctuated equilibrium states of vocal development.
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Falk, Dean. "Prelinguistic evolution in early hominins: Whence motherese?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 4 (August 2004): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04000111.
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In order to formulate hypotheses about the evolutionary underpinnings that preceded the first glimmerings of language, mother-infant gestural and vocal interactions are compared in chimpanzees and humans and used to model those of early hominins. These data, along with paleoanthropological evidence, suggest that prelinguistic vocal substrates for protolanguage that had prosodic features similar to contemporary motherese evolved as the trend for enlarging brains in late australopithecines/early Homo progressively increased the difficulty of parturition, thus causing a selective shift toward females that gave birth to relatively undeveloped neonates. It is hypothesized that hominin mothers adopted new foraging strategies that entailed maternal silencing, reassuring, and controlling of the behaviors of physically removed infants (i.e., that shared human babies' inability to cling to their mothers' bodies). As mothers increasingly used prosodic and gestural markings to encourage juveniles to behave and to follow, the meanings of certain utterances (words) became conventionalized. This hypothesis is based on the premises that hominin mothers that attended vigilantly to infants were strongly selected for, and that such mothers had genetically based potentials for consciously modifying vocalizations and gestures to control infants, both of which receive support from the literature.
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Schwichtenberg, AJ, Ashleigh M. Kellerman, Gregory S. Young, Meghan Miller, and Sally Ozonoff. "Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders: Play behaviors with infant siblings and social responsiveness." Autism 23, no. 4 (June 28, 2018): 821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318782220.
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Mother–infant interactions are a proximal process in early development and may be especially salient for children who are at risk for social difficulties (i.e. infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder). To inform how indices of maternal behaviors may improve parent-mediated interventions designed to mitigate autism spectrum disorder risk, the present study explored maternal social responsiveness ratings and social behaviors during dyadic play interactions. Dyads were recruited from families with at least one older child with autism spectrum disorder (high-risk group, n = 90) or families with no history of autism spectrum disorder (low-risk group, n = 62). As part of a prospective study, interactions were coded when infant siblings were 6, 9, and 12 months of age, for gaze, affect, vocalizations, and multimodal bids or responses (i.e. social smiles). Maternal social responsiveness was indexed via the Social Responsiveness Scale. Mothers in both risk groups had comparable Social Responsiveness Scale scores and social behaviors during play. Two maternal behaviors emerged as positive correlates of infant social behaviors and are thus of high relevance to parent-mediated interventions. Specifically, more maternal positive affect and the use of multimodal bids or responses were associated with more infant positive affect, vocalizations, gaze to face, and multimodal bids or responses.
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CHEN, LI-MEI, and RAYMOND D. KENT. "Development of prosodic patterns in Mandarin-learning infants." Journal of Child Language 36, no. 1 (August 27, 2008): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908008878.
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ABSTRACTEarly prosodic development (f0 variation) was systematically measured in Mandarin-learning infants at the transition from babbling to producing first words. Spontaneous vocalizations of twenty-four infants aged 0 ; 7 to 1 ; 6 were recorded in 45-minute sessions. The speech production of twenty-four caregivers was also audio-recorded during caregiver–infant natural daily interactions at home. All recordings were transcribed using broad prosodic patterns. Analysis revealed four major findings: (1) falling f0 contours were more prominently produced than level and rising contours; (2) high prosodic patterns occurred more frequently than mid and low prosodic patterns; (3) these distribution patterns of f0 contours showed significant similarities in babbling and early words; and (4) these distribution patterns were also similar in infants' and their caregivers' data.
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Hopkins, B., J. E. Vos, and T. Van Wulfften Palthe. "Quantitative Description of Early Mother-Infant Interaction Using Information Theoretical Statistics." Behaviour 112, no. 1-2 (1990): 117–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853990x00716.
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AbstractThe general hypothesis concerning the development of dyadic interaction ascribed to here is that during the first six weeks after birth the infant is insufficiently equipped for active participation in en face interaction and acts relatively independently of his mother. Due to the maturation of underlying neural mechanisms at the age of about two months, a number of crucial transformations occur in postural, motor and visual functions (see PRECHTL, 1984). These developmental changes enable the infant to become an increasingly active partner in en face interaction: a two-way process during which both mother and infant relate the timing of their behaviour to that of the other. Six healthy mother-infant pairs participated in this longitudinal, home-based study which made use of video equipment to record a 15 min interaction session at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 21 weeks of age. The infant behaviours selected for study were: posture, movement, looking, smile, whimper, grunt, "pleasure" vocalization, yawn, grasping hands in mid-line, hand-mouth contact. Maternal behaviours selected were: looking, body movement, head movement, touching, speech, other vocalizations and sound effects, moving infant's limbs. The aim of the study was to provide a quantitative description of the changes in the sequential dependence of behaviour within the mother-infant pairs. To this end information theoretical statistics as elaborated by van den BERCKEN (1979) and van den BERCKEN & COOLS (1980) were applied making use of analysis of variance terminology. The methodological problem of taking into account the constraint stemming from each partner's own previous behaviour (auto-correlation) when making inferences about ongoing behaviour between the two partners (cross-correlation) was removed by identifying and successfully controlling the various sources of influences affecting behaviour during dyadic interaction. The data were addressed to the following questions: 1. Was there a change in the use the infants made of their behavioural repertoire (individual variability of the infant) during the age-range studied? 2. Was there a change in the use the mothers made of their behavioural repertoire (individual variability of the mother)? 3. Was there a change in the constraint on the infant's current behaviour stemming from his previous behaviour, i.e. did the amount of variance explained by the exclusive influence of the infant's own preceding behaviour on its current behaviour (auto-covariability) increase during the age-range studied? 4. Was there a change in the constraint on the infant's current behaviour stemming from his mother's previous behaviour, i.e. did the amount of variance explained by the exclusive influence of the mother's previous behaviour (cross-covariability) increase during the age-range studied? 5. Was there a change in the constraint on the infant's current behaviour stemming only from the combined effect of his own and his mother's previous behaviour, i.e. did the so-called synergic covariability effect become stronger during the age-range studied which reflected increasing mutual dependence between the behaviour of the two partners? For both mothers and infants an increase was found in individual variability while no changes were found in the measures of auto- and cross-covariability. The measure of synergic covariability became increasingly stronger from 12 weeks onwards. These results were interpreted as follows: over the age-range studied infant and mother showed a growing mutual dependence (stronger synergic covariability) with increasing use of their own repertoire (increasing individual variabilities) while the infant's behaviour neither became less dependant on his own previous behaviour (auto-covariability) nor more dependant on the mother's previous behaviour (cross-covariability). Thus a quantitative confirmation of the general hypothesis stated at the onset was provided. Moreover, information theoretical statistics have proved a satisfactory method by means of which dyadic interaction between mother and infant can be described quantitatively.
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Yale, Marygrace E., Daniel S. Messinger, Alan B. Cobo-Lewis, D. Kimbrough Oller, and Rebecca E. Eilers. "An event-based analysis of the coordination of early infant vocalizations and facial actions." Developmental Psychology 35, no. 2 (1999): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.35.2.505.
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Colonnesi, Cristina, Bonne J. H. Zijlstra, Annesophie van der Zande, and Susan M. Bögels. "Coordination of gaze, facial expressions and vocalizations of early infant communication with mother and father." Infant Behavior and Development 35, no. 3 (June 2012): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2012.02.004.
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Kim, Ho, and Seunghee Ha. "Relation between Early Vocalizations and Words." Communication Sciences & Disorders 27, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.22877.
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Objectives: This study investigated the relationship of phonological characteristics between early vocalizations at 6-8 months, 12-14 months, and words at 18-20 months. Additionally, we aimed to identify which phonological characteristics of early vocalization can predict speech and language development at 18-20 months.Methods: Vocalizations were collected using Language ENvironmental Analysis (LENA) from 14 children at 6-8, 12-14, and 18-20 months. Vocalizations were classified as precanonical or canonical vocalization. Words were separated from the entire vocalizations at 18-20 months. Consonant inventories and phonological structures were analyzed in early vocalizations and words. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate whether the rate of canonical vocalizations, the number of consonant inventories, and the number of phonological structures in early vocalization are predictive of the number of consonant inventories and the number of different words at 18-20 months.Results: Consonant inventories and phonological structures in words at 18-20 months consisted of inventories which had been produced in early vocalization at 6-8 months and 12-14 months. The results showed that the ratio of canonical vocalizations at 6-8 months predicted the number of consonant inventories and the number of different words. The number of consonant inventories at 12-14 months also predicted the number of consonant inventories in words at 18-20 months.Conclusion: This study confirmed that the phonological development of early vocalization is closely related to later speech-language development, and the speech-language evaluation based on the phonological characteristics of early vocalization can provide a basis for early diagnosis and intervention in infants and toddlers.
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Ramsay, Gordon. "The onset of voice onset time: Measuring the emergent timing of laryngeal and oral gestures in early speech development." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010884.
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Voicing contrasts in stop consonants are predominantly signaled by manipulation of voice onset time (VOT), the relative timing of oral and laryngeal gestures responsible for the release of the oral constriction and the onset of phonation. VOT is usually measured from the acoustic signal and defined by the time between the stop consonant burst and the following glottal period. Although this works well in adult speech, the same measure can be problematic when applied to child vocalizations. Infant productions of closant-vocant sequences perceived as consonant-vowel syllables by adults often do not exhibit full closure and are voiced throughout. Traditional measures of VOT cannot then be employed, even though evidence from the acoustic signal can still be used to deduce the presence and timing of precursors of the oral and laryngeal gestures from which adult voicing contrasts later emerge. This study illustrates these issues using data derived from home audio recordings made monthly from birth to three years as part of a large-scale, longitudinal study of infant vocal development. New methods for measuring VOT are proposed, using the relative amplitude, frequency and phase of the harmonics in the acoustic signal to infer the timing of underlying articulatory gestures.
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Richard, Nancy B. "Interaction Between Mothers and Infants with Down Syndrome." Topics in Early Childhood Special Education 6, no. 3 (October 1986): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027112148600600305.
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Studies of mother-infant dyads indicate that individual differences of both partners contribute to the development of reciprocal interaction. When an infant is born with Down Syndrome, infant responses are reported to be delayed. Infant characteristics that contribute to social interaction with caregivers differ between nonhandicapped infants and those with Down syndrome. In this review, studies of infant characteristics, including temperament, state control, gaze, gesture, and vocalization, are discussed. Although infants with Down syndrome, like nonhandicapped infants, develop social communication behaviors, vulnerable characteristics are found. Differences in the development of state control, gaze patterns, coordination of gesture, gaze, vocalization, and frequency of vocalization have implications for parents and professionals in early intervention.
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Iyer, Suneeti Nathani, and David J. Ertmer. "Relationships Between Vocalization Forms and Functions in Infancy: Preliminary Implications for Early Communicative Assessment and Intervention." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 23, no. 4 (November 2014): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_ajslp-13-0091.
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Purpose This preliminary study explored relationships between form and function in prelinguistic vocalizations to increase our understanding of early communicative development and to provide potential clinical implications for early communicative assessment and intervention. Method Twenty typically developing infants—5 infants in each of 4 age groups, from 3 to 20 months of age—were included. Vocalizations from these infants had previously been categorized for their form (Nathani, Ertmer, & Stark, 2006) and function (Stark, Bernstein, & Demorest, 1993) characteristics. In the present study, cross-classification tabulations between form and function were conducted to examine relationships between vocalization types and their apparent uses. Results As anticipated, earlier developing forms were mostly associated with earlier developing functions, and later developing forms were mostly associated with later developing functions. However, there were some exceptions such that some forms were associated with a variety of functions, and vice versa. Conclusions The results suggest that some forms are more tightly coupled to function than others in the prelinguistic and early linguistic period. Preliminary implications for developmental theory, future research, and clinical applications are discussed. Larger, longitudinal studies with typical and atypical populations and stricter methodological controls are needed to validate these findings.
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Reigado, João, and Helena Rodrigues. "Vocalizations produced in the second year of life in response to speaking and singing." Psychology of Music 46, no. 5 (July 21, 2017): 626–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735617719335.
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We compared infants’ vocalizations produced both in singing and speaking conditions. In this study we collected the vocalizations of 12 infants aged between 12 and 24 months. Each 30-minute session integrated two stimulus conditions – speaking and singing. An acoustic analysis was developed in order to measure both segmental properties and melodic and rhythmic features. The results showed significant differences in the vocalizations to which the two stimulus conditions gave rise: in the duration of the vocalizations and the duration of the phonation, the number of nuclei and the duration of each nucleus present in the vocalizations. In particular, the greater extension of vowels in vocalizations in response to the singing condition seems to be distinctive from those produced in response to the speaking condition. This may reveal that there is a precocious distinction between the singing voice and the speaking voice. The acoustic analysis that we used shows promise in monitoring children’s sequential singing development from early infancy onwards.
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Isomura, Tomoko, and Tamami Nakano. "Automatic facial mimicry in response to dynamic emotional stimuli in five-month-old infants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1844 (December 14, 2016): 20161948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1948.
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Human adults automatically mimic others' emotional expressions, which is believed to contribute to sharing emotions with others. Although this behaviour appears fundamental to social reciprocity, little is known about its developmental process. Therefore, we examined whether infants show automatic facial mimicry in response to others' emotional expressions. Facial electromyographic activity over the corrugator supercilii (brow) and zygomaticus major (cheek) of four- to five-month-old infants was measured while they viewed dynamic clips presenting audiovisual, visual and auditory emotions. The audiovisual bimodal emotion stimuli were a display of a laughing/crying facial expression with an emotionally congruent vocalization, whereas the visual/auditory unimodal emotion stimuli displayed those emotional faces/vocalizations paired with a neutral vocalization/face, respectively. Increased activation of the corrugator supercilii muscle in response to audiovisual cries and the zygomaticus major in response to audiovisual laughter were observed between 500 and 1000 ms after stimulus onset, which clearly suggests rapid facial mimicry. By contrast, both visual and auditory unimodal emotion stimuli did not activate the infants' corresponding muscles. These results revealed that automatic facial mimicry is present as early as five months of age, when multimodal emotional information is present.
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Bradshaw, Paul F. "The profession of faith in early Christian baptism." Evangelical Quarterly 78, no. 2 (April 21, 2006): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-07802002.
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Some sort of profession of faith has accompanied baptism from the beginning, but the understanding of this changed in the early centuries. It changed from being an affirmation of allegiance to a vocalization of the contents of the candidate’s beliefs. This raised questions about the practice of infant baptism. Given the older understanding, it was not unreasonable to suppose that parents should be entitled to decide the religious affiliation of their children, as other matters. The newer understanding raised the question of whether infants can believe.
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Gilkerson, Jill, Jeffrey A. Richards, Steven F. Warren, Judith K. Montgomery, Charles R. Greenwood, D. Kimbrough Oller, John H. L. Hansen, and Terrance D. Paul. "Mapping the Early Language Environment Using All-Day Recordings and Automated Analysis." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 26, no. 2 (May 17, 2017): 248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_ajslp-15-0169.
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Purpose This research provided a first-generation standardization of automated language environment estimates, validated these estimates against standard language assessments, and extended on previous research reporting language behavior differences across socioeconomic groups. Method Typically developing children between 2 to 48 months of age completed monthly, daylong recordings in their natural language environments over a span of approximately 6–38 months. The resulting data set contained 3,213 12-hr recordings automatically analyzed by using the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) System to generate estimates of (a) the number of adult words in the child's environment, (b) the amount of caregiver–child interaction, and (c) the frequency of child vocal output. Results Child vocalization frequency and turn-taking increased with age, whereas adult word counts were age independent after early infancy. Child vocalization and conversational turn estimates predicted 7%–16% of the variance observed in child language assessment scores. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) children produced fewer vocalizations, engaged in fewer adult–child interactions, and were exposed to fewer daily adult words compared with their higher socioeconomic status peers, but within-group variability was high. Conclusions The results offer new insight into the landscape of the early language environment, with clinical implications for identification of children at-risk for impoverished language environments.
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Lynch, Michael P., D. Kimbrough Oller, and Michele Steffens. "Development of speech-like vocalizations in a child with congenital absence of cochleas: The case of total deafness." Applied Psycholinguistics 10, no. 3 (September 1989): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400008651.
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ABSTRACTIn order to assess the effect of total deafness on vocalization development, tape recorded utterances of a 3-year-old child who was born without cochleas were examined. In the beginning of the study, the subject's speech consisted almost exclusively of small numbers of sounds characteristic of early infancy. Across the study, the subject participated in extensive vocal stimulation activities. He also initially received intermittent exposure to tactile speech information via a 16-channel vocoder and, subsequently, a 2-channel tactile aid. Following introduction of the 2-channel aid, the subject made rapid improvement in the quality of his vocalizations, which consisted increasingly of speech-like utterances, including well-formed or canonical syllables. These results suggest that, although hearing impairment slows the onset of canonical babbling, even total deafness does not preclude its eventual appearance.
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Morgan, Lydia, and Yvonne E. Wren. "A Systematic Review of the Literature on Early Vocalizations and Babbling Patterns in Young Children." Communication Disorders Quarterly 40, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525740118760215.
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Children’s speech development begins in infancy. The pattern of this development has been explored in studies over a number of years using a range of research methodology and approaches to investigation. A systematic review of the existing literature was carried out to determine the collective contribution of this literature to our understanding of early vocalizations and babbling through the period 9 to 18 months. Eight bibliographic databases were searched as well as the Cochrane library. Thirteen studies were identified for inclusion, which were mostly longitudinal observational case series. The review identified progressive increases in the complexity and volume of infants’ early vocalizations through the period. It also found a broad order of phonological acquisition. Although the studies in this review demonstrated marked individual variation, the review provides indicative patterns of development which can be used as a basis to explore relationships with later speech development in future studies.
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Ginsburg, G. P., and Brock K. Kilbourne. "Emergence of vocal alternation in mother-infant interchanges." Journal of Child Language 15, no. 2 (June 1988): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900012344.
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ABSTRACTMicroanalyses of unstructured videotaped interactions of three mother-infant dyads revealed dramatic shifts in dyadic vocalization patterns from primarily overlapping to primarily alternating. Maximal overlapping vocalization appeared between 7 and 13 weeks for the different dyads, and subsequent alternation predominance peaked between 12 and 18 weeks. The findings are compared with prior work which had not found alternation predominance and reasons for the difference are suggested. The early emergence of a sequence of predominantly overlapping vocalization followed by predominantly alternating vocalization may be linked to the concomitant development of multimodal sensory-sensory and sensory-motor integration. If so, then the emergent patterns reflect increased potential for co-ordination within the dyad, which may be capitalized upon by the mother and by the infant.
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ESTEVE-GIBERT, NÚRIA, and PILAR PRIETO. "Prosody signals the emergence of intentional communication in the first year of life: evidence from Catalan-babbling infants." Journal of Child Language 40, no. 5 (August 10, 2012): 919–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000912000359.
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ABSTRACTThere is considerable debate about whether early vocalizations mimic the target language and whether prosody signals emergent intentional communication. A longitudinal corpus of four Catalan-babbling infants was analyzed to investigate whether children use different prosodic patterns to distinguish communicative from investigative vocalizations and to express intentionality. A total of 2,701 vocalizations from 0;7 to 0;11 were coded acoustically (by marking pitch range and duration), gesturally, and pragmatically (by marking communicative status and specific pragmatic function). The results showed that communicative vocalizations were shorter and had a wider pitch range than investigative vocalizations and that these patterns in communicative vocalizations depended on the intention of the vocalizations: requests and expressions of discontent displayed wider pitch range and longer duration than responses or statements. These results support the hypothesis that babbling children can successfully use a set of prosodic patterns to signal intentional speech.
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Reisinger, Debra, Rebecca Shaffer, Ernest Pedapati, Kelli Dominick, and Craig Erickson. "A Pilot Quantitative Evaluation of Early Life Language Development in Fragile X Syndrome." Brain Sciences 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9020027.
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Language delay and communication deficits are a core characteristic of the fragile X syndrome (FXS) phenotype. To date, the literature examining early language development in FXS is limited potentially due to barriers in language assessment in very young children. The present study is one of the first to examine early language development through vocal production and the language learning environment in infants and toddlers with FXS utilizing an automated vocal analysis system. Child vocalizations, conversational turns, and adult word counts in the home environment were collected and analyzed in a group of nine infants and toddlers with FXS and compared to a typically developing (TD) normative sample. Results suggest infants and toddlers with FXS are exhibiting deficits in their early language skills when compared to their chronological expectations. Despite this, when accounting for overall developmental level, their early language skills appear to be on track. Additionally, FXS caregivers utilize less vocalizations around infants and toddlers with FXS; however, additional research is needed to understand the true gap between FXS caregivers and TD caregivers. These findings provide preliminary information about the early language learning environment and support for the feasibility of utilizing an automated vocal analysis system within the FXS population that could ease data collection and further our understanding of the emergence of language development.
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Välimaa, Taina T., Sari M. Kunnari, Päivi Laukkanen-Nevala, and David J. Ertmer. "Vocal Development in Infants and Toddlers With Bilateral Cochlear Implants and Infants With Normal Hearing." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 1296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-18-0260.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of vocal development in infants and toddlers with bilateral cochlear implants (CIs; bilateral CI group) who are acquiring Finnish and to compare their progress to that of infants with normal hearing and typical development (TD group). Method Five thousand nine hundred sixty-four spontaneous utterances of 30 infants and toddlers (15 in both groups) were classified as either precanonical (PC) vocalizations, basic canonical syllables (BCS), or advanced forms (AF) levels. Time course of development and group differences were analyzed in a prospective longitudinal study during a time course of 1 year: before implantation and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after CI activation for the bilateral CI group and at 6, 9, and 12 months of age for the TD group. Results The least mature PC vocalizations decreased and the BCS and AF vocalizations increased for both the bilateral CI and TD groups during the follow-up period of 1 year. The bilateral CI group produced a lower percentage of PC vocalizations (effect size, η p 2 = .35) and a higher percentage of BCS (effect size, η p 2 = .16) and AF vocalizations (effect size, η p 2 = 0.24) than the TD group. Conclusions The findings of this study showed that vocal development of infants and toddlers with early-identified profound hearing loss is delayed before CI activation. Findings also showed that infants and toddlers with bilateral CIs make rapid advancements in vocal development after implantation compared to infants with typical development. However, their vocal development seems to remain delayed at least during the 1st year of bilateral CI use as compared to the well-documented milestones of infants and toddlers with typical development. Information about the vocal development time course following bilateral CI activation helps parents recognize progress in auditory-guided speech development before the emergence and the use of spoken words in communication.
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Hapsburg, Deborah von, and Barbara L. Davis. "Auditory Sensitivity and the Prelinguistic Vocalizations of Early-Amplified Infants." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 49, no. 4 (August 2006): 809–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2006/057).
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Heller Murray, Elizabeth, Joanna Lewis, and Emily Zimmerman. "Non-nutritive suck and voice onset time: Examining infant oromotor coordination." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 27, 2021): e0250529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250529.
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The variability of a child’s voice onset time (VOT) decreases during development as they learn to coordinate upper vocal tract and laryngeal articulatory gestures. Yet, little is known about the relationship between VOT and other early motor tasks. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between infant vocalization and another early oromotor task, non-nutritive suck (NNS). Twenty-five full-term infants (11 male, 14 female) completed this study. NNS was measured with a customized pacifier at 3 months to evaluate this early reflex. Measures of mean VOT and variability of VOT (measured via coefficient of variation) were collected from 12-month-old infants using a Language Environmental Analysis device. Variability of VOTs at 12 months was significantly related to NNS measures at 3-months. Increased VOT variability was primarily driven by increased NNS intraburst frequency and increased NNS burst duration. There were no relationships between average VOT or range of VOT and NNS measures. Findings from this pilot study indicate a relationship between NNS measures of intraburst frequency and burst duration and VOT variability. Infants with increased NNS intraburst frequency and NNS burst duration had increased VOT variability, suggesting a relationship between the development of VOT and NNS in the first year of life. Future work is needed to continue to examine the relationship between these early oromotor actions and to evaluate how this may impact later speech development.
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Hamrick, Lisa R., Amanda Seidl, and Bridgette L. Tonnsen. "Acoustic properties of early vocalizations in infants with fragile X syndrome." Autism Research 12, no. 11 (August 13, 2019): 1663–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2176.
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Cassel, Raquel S., Catherine Saint-Georges, Ammar Mahdhaoui, Mohamed Chetouani, Marie Christine Laznik, Filippo Muratori, Jean-Louis Adrien, and David Cohen. "Course of maternal prosodic incitation (motherese) during early development in autism." Interaction Studies 14, no. 3 (December 31, 2013): 480–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.14.3.08cas.
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We examined the course of caregiver (CG) motherese and the course of the infant’s response based on home movies from two single cases: a boy with typical development (TD) and a boy with autistic development (AD). We first blindly assessed infant CG interaction using the Observer computer-based coding procedure, then analyzed speech CG production using a computerized algorithm. Finally we fused the two procedures and filtered for co-occurrence. In this exploratory study we found that the course of CG parentese differed based on gender (father vs. mother) and child status (TD vs. AD). The course of an infant’s response to CG vocalization differed according to the type of speech (motherese vs. other speech) and child status (TD vs. AD). Mothers spent more time interacting with infants, and fathers appeared to interact with their child preferentially between 12 and 18 months in the TD boy, but not in the AD boy. The TD boy responded equally well to motherese compared to other speech after 1 year of age. For the AD boy, the responses to both types of speech were lower than in the boy with TD and decreased from the second to the third semester. Keywords: Autism; motherese; early interaction; computational methods
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Locke, John L. "Bimodal signaling in infancy." Interaction Studies 8, no. 1 (June 13, 2007): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.8.1.11loc.
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It has long been asserted that the evolutionary path to spoken language was paved by manual–gestural behaviors, a claim that has been revitalized in response to recent research on mirror neurons. Renewed interest in the relationship between manual and vocal behavior draws attention to its development. Here, the pointing and vocalization of 16.5-month-old infants are reported as a function of the context in which they occurred. When infants operated in a referential mode, the frequency of simultaneous vocalization and pointing exceeded the frequency of vocalization-only and pointing-only responses by a wide margin. In a non-communicative context, combinatorial effects persisted, but in weaker form. Manual–vocal signals thus appear to express the operation of an integrated system, arguably adaptive in the young from evolutionary times to the present. It was speculated, based on reported evidence, that manual behavior increases the frequency and complexity of vocal behaviors in modern infants. There may be merit in the claim that manual behavior facilitated the evolution of language because it helped make available, early in development, behaviors that under selection pressures in later ontogenetic stages elaborated into speech.
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CHEN, LI-MEI, and RAYMOND D. KENT. "Consonant–vowel co-occurrence patterns in Mandarin-learning infants." Journal of Child Language 32, no. 3 (August 2005): 507–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000905006896.
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Most studies on CV co-occurrence patterns in early phonetic development have been based on Indo-European languages. Data from infants learning Mandarin, which has a substantially different phonological system from Indo-European languages, can confirm or refute the findings of previous studies, thus shedding further light on the theoretical bases of CV association. Spontaneous vocalizations were recorded in 45-minute sessions for each of 24 Mandarin-learning infants aged 0;7 to 1;6. In addition, the speech production of 24 caregivers was audio-recorded during their natural daily interactions with the infants at home. Both infants' vocalizations and adults' speech were transcribed and analysed for consonant–vowel co-occurrence patterns. These patterns were similar to those in other language groups, but language-specific patterns were evident by 1;0. Combinations of alveolars+front vowels and velars+back vowels confirm Davis & MacNeilage's (1990, 1995) frame-then-content theory and Clements's (1991) model of unified features for consonants and vowels. However, our finding of a language-specific pattern (labials+back vowels) suggests the need to reexamine the ‘pure frame’ of Davis & MacNeilage and Clements's grouping of labials and rounded vowels.
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Lacerda, Francisco, and Lisa Gustavsson. "Exploring and learning the consequences of vocalizations in early infancy." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, no. 5 (November 2006): 3136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4787739.
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Roug, L., I. Landberg, and L. J. Lundberg. "Phonetic development in early infancy: a study of four Swedish children during the first eighteen months of life." Journal of Child Language 16, no. 1 (February 1989): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900013416.
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ABSTRACTThe present paper presents data on the phonetic development of four normal Swedish infants, who were audiorecorded bi-weekly in their homes from 0;1 to 1;5. Our results show five distinct stages in the development of early vocalizations: the glottal stage, the velar/uvular stage, the vocalic stage, the reduplicated consonant babbling stage and the variegated consonant babbling stage. The results are based on auditory analysis of selected parts of the material. A comparison is made of this developmental pattern with studies of infants raised in other linguistic communities. The results of this comparison support the claim that babbling follows a universal developmental pattern.
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Ushakova, Tatyana N. "Language Emergence in Infants." European Psychologist 5, no. 4 (December 2000): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.5.4.285.
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The early stage of child development (0-12 months) was investigated in this study. The kernel of language ability was traced within the frame of the system of psychophysiological development. It was shown that in the process of general development several mechanisms are successively put into operation and function in the different spheres of the infant's psychophysiological activity: body movement, contact with adults (an early form of communication), and vocalization (which is regarded as the preverbal form of the future language). On these grounds, and based on the existence of a special mechanism of inborn vocal activity normally presented by the moment of child birth, a framework of communicative operations with ambient people has been developed. The proposed model explains the advantage of using sound communicative forms, namely the infant's first words.
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Lee, Gangeun, and Youngmee Lee. "Temporal Properties of Vocal Turn-Taking between Parents and Young Children with Typical Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Communication Sciences & Disorders 27, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.21870.
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Objectives: The temporal response characteristics in vocal turn-taking are related to the language and emotional development of infants. This study identified the temporal response patterns in the vocal turn-taking between parents and infants with typical development through systematic literature and meta-analysis.Methods: Using eight databases, the appropriateness of the literature was evaluated according to the Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design (PICOS) criteria. As a result, seven articles which met the inclusive criteria were selected. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted. The effect sizes were calculated using Hedges’s g.Results: As a result of the systematic literature review, the selected literature had a low risk of bias. In a considerable number of articles, mothers and infants before 12 months of age participated. The duration of parents’ vocalization was significantly longer than that of infants. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the switching pause between parents and infants.Conclusion: These results suggest that although infants have less duration of vocalization than their parents due to lack of linguistic experience, infants may know the rules of switching pause in verbal communication. Future research should examine parents and infants with diverse communication disorders such as hearing loss and autism spectrum disorders. In addition, these findings have implications for assessment and early intervention designed to target parents’ communication behaviors.
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Greenwood, Charles R., Jay Buzhardt, Dale Walker, Fan Jia, and Judith J. Carta. "Criterion Validity of the Early Communication Indicator for Infants and Toddlers." Assessment for Effective Intervention 45, no. 4 (January 18, 2019): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534508418824154.
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The Early Communication Indicator (ECI) is a progress monitoring measure designed to support intervention decisions of the home visitors and early educators who serve infants and toddlers. The present study sought to add to the criterion validity claims of the ECI in a large sample of children using measures of language and preliteracy not previously investigated. Early Head Start service providers administered and scored ECIs quarterly for infants and toddlers in their caseload as part of standard services. In addition, a battery of language and early literacy criterion tests were administered by researchers when children were 12, 24, 36, and 48 months of age. Analyses of this longitudinal data then examined concurrent and predictive correlational patterns. Results indicated that children grew in communicative proficiency with age, and weak to moderately strong patterns of relationship emerged that differed by ECI scale, age, and criterion measure. The strongest positive patterns of relationships were between Single Words and Multiple Words and the criterion at older ages. Gestures and Vocalizations established a pattern of negative relationships to the criterion measures. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Fernández Flecha, María de los Ángeles. "La adquisición de las relaciones entre prosodia e intención comunicativa: primeras asociaciones entre forma y función." Lexis 38, no. 1 (July 31, 2014): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/lexis.201401.001.
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ResumenEl presente artículo aborda la relación entre la intención comunicativa y la prosodia de las vocalizaciones producidas por infantes de entre 16 y 24 meses de edad. Los resultados muestran que (1) las vocalizaciones comunicativas y no comunicativas no se diferencian de forma significativa a partir de su contorno entonativo final (ascendente, descendente o suspensivo), (2) aunque sí a partir de su frecuencia fundamental, más alta en el caso de las vocalizaciones comunicativas; y que (3) las funciones comunicativas tempranas (declarativa, imperativa, expresiva, mímica, guía de acción y “relleno” conversacional) se diferencian por su contorno entonativo final y, también, más marcadamente, (4) por su frecuencia fundamental, más alta en los imperativos (y vocalizaciones expresivas) que en los declarativos.Palabras clave: intención comunicativa, función comunicativa, prosodia, adquisición del lenguajeAbstractThis paper deals with the relation between communicative intention and prosody in vocalizations uttered by infants 16 to 24 months-old. Results show that (1) communicative and non-communicative vocalizations are not significantly different based on pitch final contour (rising, falling and flat), (2) but show significantly different fundamental frequency values, which are higher in communicative vocalizations; and that (3) early communicative functions (declarative, imperative, emotive, mimic, action guide, and conversational “filling”) can be differentiated based on their final pitch contour and, more clearly, (4) on their fundamental frequency, which is overall higher in imperatives (and emotive vocalizations) than in declaratives.Keywords: communicative intention, communicative function, prosody, language acquisition
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Lee, Chia-Cheng, Li-mei Chen, Chin-Ting Liu, Ray D. Kent, Yung-Chieh Lin, Li-Wen Chen, and Ching-Yi Cheng. "Global measures of early vocalizations in infants with CP in Taiwan as references to perceptual ratings." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, no. 3 (September 2018): 1964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5068581.
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