Journal articles: 'Early gait rehabilitation'

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Kubo, Kazuya, Takanori Miyoshi, Akira Kanai, and Kazuhiko Terashima. "Gait Rehabilitation Device in Central Nervous System Disease: A Review." Journal of Robotics 2011 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/348207.

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Central nervous system diseases cause the gait disorder. Early rehabilitation of a patient with central nervous system disease is shown to be benefit. However, early gait training is difficult because of muscular weakness and those elderly patients who lose of leg muscular power. In the patient's walking training, therapists assist the movement of patient's lower limbs and control the movement of patient's lower limbs. However the assistance for the movement of the lower limbs is a serious hard labor for therapists. Therefore, research into and development of various gait rehabilitation devices is currently underway to identify methods to alleviate the physical burden on therapists. In this paper, we introduced the about gait rehabilitation devices in central nervous system disease.

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Barnett, Cleveland, Natalie Vanicek, Remco Polman, Amanda Hancock, Barbara Brown, Lynne Smith, and Ian Chetter. "Kinematic Gait Adaptations in Unilateral Transtibial Amputees During Rehabilitation." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 33, no. 2 (January 2009): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640902751762.

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Introduction: Physiotherapists routinely prescribe the use of two different early walking aids (EWAs) to individuals who have recently undergone unilateral transtibial amputation. No research to date has investigated the kinematic gait patterns of transtibial amputees walking with an EWA during early rehabilitation. The aim of the current RCT study was to compare gait patterns when walking with two different EWAs and whether either EWA provided patients with greater gait benefits.Methods: Patients were randomly assigned into one of two EWA groups, one group using the Amputee Mobility Aid and another using the Pneumatic Post-Amputation Aid, prior to receiving their functional prosthesis. A 3D motion capture system recorded kinematic data from their first steps up to discharge from rehabilitation.Results: Walking velocity increased significantly ( p < 0.01) during rehabilitation. Control of the prosthetic knee improved during rehabilitation in both groups. A lack of conclusive differences between EWAs was noted at discharge from rehabilitation.Discussion: Both groups displayed changes in gait patterns in different gait measures during rehabilitation. However, these changes were not the same for both groups. Gait adaptations occurred soon after walking with a functional prosthesis.Conclusion: The results from this study would suggest that neither EWA was more beneficial for gait retraining during rehabilitation.

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Sigward, Susan M., Paige E. Lin, Kristamarie A. Pratt, and Maria Laura R. Pucciarelli. "Gait Mechanics During Early Phases Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46 (May 2014): 826–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000495978.35629.84.

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Fang, J., H. Gollee, S. Galen, D. B. Allan, B. A. Conway, and A. Vuckovic. "Kinematic modelling of a robotic gait device for early rehabilitation of walking." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 225, no. 12 (October 17, 2011): 1177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411911424976.

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Rehabilitation of walking is an essential element in the treatment of incomplete spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. During the early post injury period, patients find it challenging to practice upright walking. Simulating stepping movements in a supine posture may be easier and promote earlier rehabilitation. A robotic orthotic device for early intervention in spinal cord injury that does not require the patient to be in an upright posture has been modelled. The model comprises a two-bar mechanical system that is configured and powered to provide limb kinematics that approximate normal overground walking. The modelling work has been based on gait analysis performed on healthy subjects walking at 50 per cent, 75 per cent, and 100 per cent of normal cadence. Simulated angles of hip, knee, and ankle joints show a comparable range of motion (ROM) to the experimental walking data measured in healthy subjects. The model provides operating parameters for a prospective recumbent gait orthosis that could be used in early walking rehabilitation of incomplete SCI patients.

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Peurala, Sinikka H., Olavi Airaksinen, Pekka Jäkälä, Ina M. Tarkka, and Juhani Sivenius. "Effects of intensive gait-oriented physiotherapy during early acute phase of stroke." Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 44, no. 5 (2007): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2006.05.0039.

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Keen, Mary. "Early Development and Attainment of Normal Mature Gait." JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 5, no. 2 (April 1993): 35/23–26/38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008526-199304000-00004.

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Tseng, Ing-Jy, Rey-Yue Yuan, and Chii Jeng. "Treadmill Training Improves Forward and Backward Gait in Early Parkinson Disease." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 94, no. 10 (October 2015): 811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phm.0000000000000273.

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Fang, Juan, Aleksandra Vuckovic, Sujay Galen, Calum Cossar, Bernard A. Conway, and Kenneth J. Hunt. "Design and evaluation of a prototype gait orthosis for early rehabilitation of walking." Technology and Health Care 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-140821.

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Suh, Min Ji, Bo Ryun Kim, Sang Rim Kim, Eun Young Han, Kwang Woo Nam, So Young Lee, Yong Geun Park, and Won Bin Kim. "Bilateral Quadriceps Muscle Strength and Pain Correlate With Gait Speed and Gait Endurance Early After Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 98, no. 10 (October 2019): 897–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phm.0000000000001222.

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Barbosa, Alessandra Ferreira, Janini Chen, Fernanda Freitag, Debora Valente, Carolina de Oliveira Souza, Mariana Callil Voos, and Hsin Fen Chien. "Gait, posture and cognition in Parkinson's disease." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 10, no. 4 (December 2016): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-5764-2016dn1004005.

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ABSTRACT Gait disorders and postural instability are the leading causes of falls and disability in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognition plays an important role in postural control and may interfere with gait and posture assessment and treatment. It is important to recognize gait, posture and balance dysfunctions by choosing proper assessment tools for PD. Patients at higher risk of falling must be referred for rehabilitation as early as possible, because antiparkinsonian drugs and surgery do not improve gait and posture in PD.

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Giaquinto, Salvatore, Elena Ciotola, and Ferdinando Margutti. "Gait in the early days after total knee and hip arthroplasty: A comparison." Disability and Rehabilitation 29, no. 9 (January 2007): 731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638280600926389.

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Wimmer, M. A., T. Schwenke, M. Salineros, and T. P. Andriacchi. "Can early post-op gait predict implant longevity?" Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)83361-0.

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Tay, Laura, Wee Shiong Lim, Mark Chan, Noorhazlina Ali, and Mei Sian Chong. "A Combined Cognitive Stimulation and Physical Exercise Programme (MINDVital) in Early Dementia: Differential Effects on Single- and Dual-Task Gait Performance." Gerontology 62, no. 6 (2016): 604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000444084.

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Background: Gait disorders are common in early dementia, with particularly pronounced dual-task deficits, contributing to the increased fall risk and mobility decline associated with cognitive impairment. Objective: This study examines the effects of a combined cognitive stimulation and physical exercise programme (MINDVital) on gait performance under single- and dual-task conditions in older adults with mild dementia. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with early dementia participated in a multi-disciplinary rehabilitation programme comprising both physical exercise and cognitive stimulation. The programme was conducted in 8-week cycles with participants attending once weekly, and all participants completed 2 successive cycles. Cognitive, functional performance and behavioural symptoms were assessed at baseline and at the end of each 8-week cycle. Gait speed was examined under both single- (Timed Up and Go and 6-metre walk tests) and dual-task (animal category and serial counting) conditions. A random effects model was performed for the independent effect of MINDVital on the primary outcome variable of gait speed under dual-task conditions. Results: The mean age of patients enroled in the rehabilitation programme was 79 ± 6.2 years; 25 (64.1%) had a diagnosis of Alzheimer's dementia, and 26 (66.7%) were receiving a cognitive enhancer therapy. There was a significant improvement in cognitive performance [random effects coefficient (standard error) = 0.90 (0.31), p = 0.003] and gait speed under both dual-task situations [animal category: random effects coefficient = 0.04 (0.02), p = 0.039; serial counting: random effects coefficient = 0.05 (0.02), p = 0.013], with reduced dual-task cost for gait speed [serial counting: random effects coefficient = -4.05 (2.35), p = 0.086] following successive MINDVital cycles. No significant improvement in single-task gait speed was observed. Improved cognitive performance over time was a significant determinant of changes in dual-task gait speed [random effects coefficients = 0.01 (0.005), p = 0.048, and 0.02 (0.005), p = 0.003 for category fluency and counting backwards, respectively]. Conclusion: A combined physical and cognitive rehabilitation programme leads to significant improvements in dual-task walking in early dementia, which may be contributed by improvement in cognitive performance, as single-task gait performance remained stable.

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Wang, Aihui, Ningning Hu, Jun Yu, Junlan Lu, Yifei Ge, and Yan Wang. "Human-Like Robust Adaptive PD Based Human Gait Tracking for Exoskeleton Robot." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, no. 1 (February 20, 2021): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p0088.

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For patients with dyskinesias caused by central nervous system diseases such as stroke, in the early stage of rehabilitation training, lower limb rehabilitation robots are used to provide passive rehabilitation training. This paper proposed a human-like robust adaptive PD control strategy of the exoskeleton robot based on healthy human gait data. When the error disturbance is bounded, a human-like robust adaptive PD control strategy is designed, which not only enables the rehabilitation exoskeleton robot to quickly track the human gait trajectory obtained through the 3D NOKOV motion capture system, but also can well identify the structural parameters of the system and avoid excessively initial output torque for the robot. MATLAB simulation verifies that the proposed method has a better performance to realize tracking the experimental trajectory of human movement and anti-interference ability under the condition of ensuring global stability for a lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot.

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Kalron, Alon, Anat Achiron, and Zeevi Dvir. "Muscular and Gait Abnormalities in Persons With Early Onset Multiple Sclerosis." Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy 35, no. 4 (December 2011): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/npt.0b013e31823801f4.

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van Bloemendaal, Maijke, Sicco A. Bus, Frans Nollet, Alexander C. H. Geurts, and Anita Beelen. "Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Gait Training Assisted by Multichannel Functional Electrical Stimulation in Early Stroke Rehabilitation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 35, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968320981942.

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Background. Many stroke survivors suffer from leg muscle paresis, resulting in asymmetrical gait patterns, negatively affecting balance control and energy cost. Interventions targeting asymmetry early after stroke may enhance recovery of walking. Objective. To determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of up to 10 weeks of gait training assisted by multichannel functional electrical stimulation (MFES gait training) applied to the peroneal nerve and knee flexor or extensor muscle on the recovery of gait symmetry and walking capacity in patients starting in the subacute phase after stroke. Methods. Forty inpatient participants (≤31 days after stroke) were randomized to MFES gait training (experimental group) or conventional gait training (control group). Gait training was delivered in 30-minute sessions each workday. Feasibility was determined by adherence (≥75% sessions) and satisfaction with gait training (score ≥7 out of 10). Primary outcome for efficacy was step length symmetry. Secondary outcomes included other spatiotemporal gait parameters and walking capacity (Functional Gait Assessment and 10-Meter Walk Test). Linear mixed models estimated treatment effect postintervention and at 3-month follow-up. Results. Thirty-seven participants completed the study protocol (19 experimental group participants). Feasibility was confirmed by good adherence (90% of the participants) and participant satisfaction (median score 8). Both groups improved on all outcomes over time. No significant group differences in recovery were found for any outcome. Conclusions. MFES gait training is feasible early after stroke, but MFES efficacy for improving step length symmetry, other spatiotemporal gait parameters, or walking capacity could not be demonstrated. Trial Registration. Netherlands Trial Register (NTR4762).

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Duffell, Lynsey D., Dominic F. L. Southgate, Vivek Gulati, and Alison H. McGregor. "Balance and gait adaptations in patients with early knee osteoarthritis." Gait & Posture 39, no. 4 (April 2014): 1057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.01.005.

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Yang, Yea-Ru, Ya-Yun Lee, Shih-Jung Cheng, Pei-Yi Lin, and Ray-Yau Wang. "Relationships between gait and dynamic balance in early Parkinson's disease." Gait & Posture 27, no. 4 (May 2008): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.08.003.

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Díaz, Steven, Jeannie B. Stephenson, and Miguel A. Labrador. "Use of Wearable Sensor Technology in Gait, Balance, and Range of Motion Analysis." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010234.

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More than 8.6 million people suffer from neurological disorders that affect their gait and balance. Physical therapists provide interventions to improve patient’s functional outcomes, yet balance and gait are often evaluated in a subjective and observational manner. The use of quantitative methods allows for assessment and tracking of patient progress during and after rehabilitation or for early diagnosis of movement disorders. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art in wearable sensor technology in gait, balance, and range of motion research. It serves as a point of reference for future research, describing current solutions and challenges in the field. A two-level taxonomy of rehabilitation assessment is introduced with evaluation metrics and common algorithms utilized in wearable sensor systems.

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Palombaro, Kerstin M., Laurita M. Hack, Kathleen Kline Mangione, Ann E. Barr, Roberta A. Newton, Francesca Magri, and Theresa Speziale. "Gait Variability Detects Women in Early Postmenopause With Low Bone Mineral Density." Physical Therapy 89, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 1315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080401.

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Background Women in early postmenopause and with low bone mineral density (BMD) may exhibit early markers for physical frailty as a result of sarcopenia and osteopenia. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether women in early postmenopause and with low BMD exhibit decreased physical performance and differences in gait variability and fall and fracture rates. Design This study was an observational cohort design with participants assigned to groups on the basis of BMD status. Methods Fifty-four women, 31 with low BMD and 23 with normal BMD, participated. This study was conducted in a university research facility. Physical performance was measured by assessment of dynamic balance (timed backward tandem walk test), strength (handheld dynamometry of isometric quadriceps muscle force production), and free gait speed. Gait variability was assessed on the basis of the coefficient of variation for temporal-spatial gait characteristics. Falls and fractures were assessed for the year after initial testing. Results Significant between-group differences were found for step time and stance time variability. Limitations The limitations of this study included group assignment on the basis of the results of the most recent bone density scan within the preceding 2 years. Conclusions Women in early postmenopause and with low BMD exhibited increased gait variability in step time and stance time but did not exhibit differences in balance, strength, or gait speed. Gait variability may be more sensitive for detecting differences in women in early postmenopause and with or without low BMD than more typical measures of physical performance.

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Hesse, Stefan. "Treadmill Training with Partial Body Weight Support in Hemiparetic Patients—Further Research Needed." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 13, no. 3 (September 1999): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154596839901300306.

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Treadmill training with partial body weight support is a promising new therapy in gait rehabilitation of hemiparetic subjects. As a task-specific training it enables the repetitive practice of complex gait cycles at a very early stage. Initially two or even three therapists assist the movement so that the subjects train gait not only repeti tively but also in a correct manner. Several controlled studies have documented its effectiveness in gait rehabilitation of acute and chronic stroke patients and have shown that hemiparetic patients walked in a more dynamic, symmetric, and less spastic fash ion on the treadmill with body weight support as compared with ground-level walk ing. Nevertheless, to meet the criteria of evidence-based medicine, further compara tive studies will be needed, supplemented by research in basic neurophysiology to explain its effects and technology to alleviate the strenuous effort of therapists during the training. Possible solutions are functional electrical stimulation (FES) in combi nation with treadmill training and a mechanized gait trainer.

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Tang, Ada, Kathryn M. Sibley, Scott G. Thomas, Mark T. Bayley, Denyse Richardson, William E. McIlroy, and Dina Brooks. "Effects of an Aerobic Exercise Program on Aerobic Capacity, Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters, and Functional Capacity in Subacute Stroke." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 23, no. 4 (December 5, 2008): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968308326426.

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Background and objective. In spite of the challenges, engaging in exercise programs very early after stroke may positively influence aerobic capacity and stroke-related outcomes, including walking ability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of adding aerobic cycle ergometer training to conventional rehabilitation early after stroke and to determine effects on aerobic capacity, walking ability, and health-related quality of life. Methods. A prospective matched control design was used. All participants performed a graded maximal exercise test on a semi-recumbent cycle ergometer, spatiotemporal gait assessments, 6-Minute Walk Test, and Stroke Impact Scale. The Exercise group added 30 minutes of aerobic cycle ergometry to conventional inpatient rehabilitation 3 days/week until discharge; the Control group received conventional rehabilitation only. Results. All Exercise participants (n = 23) completed the training without adverse effects. In the 18 matched pairs, both groups demonstrated improvements over time with a trend toward greater aerobic benefit in the Exercise group with 13% and 23% increases in peak VO2 and work rate respectively, compared to 8% and 16% in the Control group (group-time interaction P = .71 and .62). A similar trend toward improved 6-Minute Walk Test distance (Exercise 53% vs Controls 23%, P = .23) was observed. Conclusion. Early aerobic training can be safely implemented without deleterious effects on stroke rehabilitation. A trend toward greater improvement in aerobic capacity and walking capacity suggests that such training may have an early beneficial effect and should be considered for inclusion in rehabilitation programs.

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Wall, Anneli, Jörgen Borg, Susanne Palmcrantz, and Elena Gutierrez-Farewik. "Gait patterns and walking ability after training with a hybrid robotic exoskeleton compared to conventional gait training in early stroke rehabilitation." Gait & Posture 57 (September 2017): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.06.368.

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Escamilla-Nunez, Rafael, Alexandria Michelini, and Jan Andrysek. "Biofeedback Systems for Gait Rehabilitation of Individuals with Lower-Limb Amputation: A Systematic Review." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 14, 2020): 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061628.

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Individuals with lower-limb amputation often have gait deficits and diminished mobility function. Biofeedback systems have the potential to improve gait rehabilitation outcomes. Research on biofeedback has steadily increased in recent decades, representing the growing interest toward this topic. This systematic review highlights the methodological designs, main technical and clinical challenges, and evidence relating to the effectiveness of biofeedback systems for gait rehabilitation. This review provides insights for developing an effective, robust, and user-friendly wearable biofeedback system. The literature search was conducted on six databases and 31 full-text articles were included in this review. Most studies found biofeedback to be effective in improving gait. Biofeedback was most commonly concurrently provided and related to limb loading and symmetry ratios for stance or step time. Visual feedback was the most used modality, followed by auditory and haptic. Biofeedback must not be obtrusive and ideally provide a level of enjoyment to the user. Biofeedback appears to be most effective during the early stages of rehabilitation but presents some usability challenges when applied to the elderly. More research is needed on younger populations and higher amputation levels, understanding retention as well as the relationship between training intensity and performance.

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Hsu, Chao-Jung, Janis Kim, Elliot J. Roth, William Z. Rymer, and Ming Wu. "Forced Use of the Paretic Leg Induced by a Constraint Force Applied to the Nonparetic Leg in Individuals Poststroke During Walking." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 31, no. 12 (November 16, 2017): 1042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968317740972.

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Background. Individuals with stroke usually show reduced muscle activities of the paretic leg and asymmetrical gait pattern during walking. Objective. To determine whether applying a resistance force to the nonparetic leg would enhance the muscle activities of the paretic leg and improve the symmetry of spatiotemporal gait parameters in individuals with poststroke hemiparesis. Methods. Fifteen individuals with chronic poststroke hemiparesis participated in this study. A controlled resistance force was applied to the nonparetic leg using a customized cable-driven robotic system while subjects walked on a treadmill. Subjects completed 2 test sections with the resistance force applied at different phases of gait (ie, early and late swing phases) and different magnitudes (10%, 20%, and 30% of maximum voluntary contraction [MVC] of nonparetic leg hip flexors). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the muscles of the paretic leg and spatiotemporal gait parameters were collected. Results. Significant increases in integrated EMG of medial gastrocnemius, medial hamstrings, vastus medialis, and tibialis anterior of the paretic leg were observed when the resistance was applied during the early swing phase of the nonparetic leg, compared with baseline. Additionally, resistance with 30% of MVC induced the greatest level of muscle activity than that with 10% or 20% of MVC. The symmetry index of gait parameters also improved with resistance applied during the early swing phase. Conclusion. Applying a controlled resistance force to the nonparetic leg during early swing phase may induce forced use on the paretic leg and improve the spatiotemporal symmetry of gait in individuals with poststroke hemiparesis.

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de Sèze, Mathieu-Panchoa, Clément Bonhomme, Jean-Christophe Daviet, Emmanuel Burguete, Hugues Machat, Marc Rousseaux, and Jean Michel Mazaux. "Effect of early compensation of distal motor deficiency by the Chignon ankle-foot orthosis on gait in hemiplegic patients: a randomized pilot study." Clinical Rehabilitation 25, no. 11 (July 12, 2011): 989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215511410730.

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Objective: To compare the effect of the Chignon ankle-foot orthosis on gait versus a standard ankle-foot orthosis. Method: A multicentre randomized study was conducted in seven rehabilitation centres. Hemiplegic patients were recruited after unilateral stroke lasting less than six months. Exclusion criteria were: impossibility to stand for 10 seconds; ankle passive dorsiflexion <5 degrees with knee flexed to 90 degrees; triceps spasticity ≥3/4 on the Ashworth modified scale; diseases that might impair active participation in the study. Thirteen patients were randomized to the Chignon group and 15 to the control group. Included patients were given a standard ankle-foot orthosis or Chignon ankle-foot orthosis. The Chignon ankle-foot orthosis is an articulated double-stopped custom-made orthosis with elements to assist dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. Gait speed improvement (ten-metre test), kinematic assessment, and functional scales were assessed. Results: Gain ratio of walking speed with the orthosis increased significantly more in the Chignon group than in the control group at day 0 (27.2 ± 36% versus −0.8 ± 17%; P = 0.006), day 30 (39.9 ± 19% versus 7.5 ± 17%; P = 0.0004) and day 90 (44.6 ± 27% versus 17.1 ± 0.3%; P = 0.04). There was also a significant improvement in kinematic parameters and spasticity in the Chignon group. Conclusion: Early compensation of distal motor deficiency by the Chignon ankle-foot orthosis improves the immediate gait of hemiplegics more than the standard ankle-foot orthosis and seems to modify motor recovery processes in the legs after stroke.

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Yamamoto, Sumiko, Akiyoshi Hagiwara, Tomofumi Mizobe, Osamu Yokoyama, and Tadashi Yasui. "Gait Improvement of Hemiplegic Patients Using an Ankle-Foot Orthosis with Assistance of Heel Rocker Function." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 33, no. 4 (December 2009): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093640903176563.

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The ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) with oil damper, GaitSolution (GS), was previously developed to make heel rocker function possible during the gait of hemiplegic patients. To clarify the characteristics of patients who show adaptation to GS use, a questionnaire was completed by the clinicians responsible for 99 patients with hemiplegia who participated in this study. Clinicians completed items concerning gait data of patients without AFO use and with GS use, adaptation to the use of GS, and patient opinion of GS use. Approximately 60% of patients achieved heel rocker function during the loading response of the paretic limb and improved gait when using GS. A comparison of the patients whose gaits were improved by GS more than by other AFOs revealed the use of GS was well suited to the gait of patients with a relatively higher Brunnstrom stage and a slightly flexed knee joint during the stance phase. Approximately 60% of patients reported feeling comfortable using GS, although patient comfort did not necessarily coincide with the results of gait assessment by clinicians. Patient comfort mainly depended on trunk posture and hip joint outward rotation; hip joint outward rotation could be improved using GS in the recovery phase but not in the maintenance phase. This result implies the importance of gait training in the early stage of rehabilitation.

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Paterno, Mark V., Michael T. Archdeacon, Kevin R. Ford, Doug Galvin, and Timothy E. Hewett. "Early Rehabilitation Following Surgical Fixation of a Femoral Shaft Fracture." Physical Therapy 86, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 558–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/86.4.558.

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Abstract Background and Purpose. The purpose of this case report is to describe the outcome of a patient following fixation of a midshaft femur fracture and an evaluation-based, immediate-weight-bearing approach to rehabilitation. Case Description. The patient was a 28-year-old male manual laborer whose left femur was fractured in a head-on motor vehicle accident. The patient was treated with internal fixation of the left femur by use of an antegrade intramedullary nail. Following surgery, impairments in range of motion, knee extensor and hip abductor strength, and gait were observed. Intervention focused on immediate weight bearing and early progression of strengthening to address the observed impairments. Outcomes. All of the patient’s impairments improved, and he was able to return to work as a manual laborer within 6 months. Discussion. Immediate weight bearing with early strengthening activities following surgical correction of a midshaft femur fracture may result in early resolution of impairments and functional limitations and decreased disability.

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Lo, Albert C., and Elizabeth W. Triche. "Improving Gait in Multiple Sclerosis Using Robot-Assisted, Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 22, no. 6 (October 29, 2008): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968308318473.

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Background. The majority of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) develop progressive gait impairment, which can start early in the disease and worsen over a lifetime. A promising outpatient intervention to help improve gait function with potential for addressing this treatment gap is task-repetitive gait training. Methods. Body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) with or without robotic assistance (Lokomat) was tested using a randomized crossover design in 13 patients with relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive or primary progressive MS. Patients received 6 training sessions over 3 weeks of each intervention. Outcomes included changes in the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW), the 6-minute walk treadmill test (6MW) distance, the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), as well as double-limb support time and step length ratio. Results. There were no major differences in outcomes between treatment groups. The study population significantly improved on gait outcomes and the EDSS following BWSTT, including a 31% improvement in the T25FW, a 38.5% improvement in the 6MW, and a 1-point gain for the EDSS. Differences in pre/post changes were noted depending on gender, disease subtype, affected limb, and baseline EDSS. Conclusions. Although no differences in gait outcomes or the EDSS were found between treatment groups, this small pilot study of task-repetitive gait training resulted in significant within-subject improvements. BWSTT appears to be an activity-dependent intervention with potential to reduce gait impairment in MS.

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Sánchez-Gómez, Luis María, Ana Isabel Hijas-Gómez, Mar Polo-DeSantos, and Setefilla Luengo-Matos. "VP92 Portable Robotic Exoskeleton Stride Management Assist (SMA®)." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319003362.

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IntroductionThe Stride Management Assist (SMA®) device consist in a portable robotic exoskeleton designed for gait rehabilitation and training by repetition of walking patterns with automated regular gait cycles. Used for adult population with gait disorders of neurological or musculoskeletal origin that require rehabilitation. The objective of this work is to assess its efficacy and safety.MethodsThis technology was identified by the early Awareness and Alert System, “SINTESIS-new technologies” of AETS-ISCIII. An early assessment of the technology was conducted. The searched databases were: Pubmed, Embase, WOS, Tripdatabase, ClinicalTrials.org and Cochrane Library. Clinical studies using the device published in any language until 10 October 2018 were reviewed.ResultsWe found 3 abstracts to congresses and 6 clinical trials that evaluated the use of the device. Outcomes measures among studies included spatiotemporal gait parameters, energy expenditure, muscular activity and functional performance. Five studies consisted in proof-of-concept analysis; 3 studies evaluated the effect of gait training with SMA® compared with conventional therapy alone in individuals after stroke (2 studies) and Parkinson disease (1 study); and 1 before-and-after study assessed the effect of gait training with SMA® in elderly adults. During its use, improvements in spatiotemporal gait parameters were described in 4/5 studies, and 2/5 studies showed less energy expenditure versus 2/5 studies that found no differences. After gait training, 3/4 studies described greater improvements in gait parameters when associated its use. Only one clinical trial collected safety data reporting no adverse events.ConclusionsThe SMA® device allows to increase the efficiency and parameters of the march during its use. The assistance in the stride might have an impact on health by facilitating the recovery of the gait; however, further research is needed to determine the feasibility in the latter case since comparative studies with conventional therapy are limited.

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Lee, Ya-Yun, Min-Hao Li, Jer-Junn Luh, and Chun-Hwei Tai. "Reliability of using foot-worn devices to measure gait parameters in people with Parkinson’s disease." NeuroRehabilitation 49, no. 1 (August 14, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nre-210101.

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BACKGROUND: Recent advances in technology have warranted the use of wearable sensors to monitor gait and posture. However, the psychometric properties of using wearable devices to measure gait-related outcomes have not been fully established in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability of body-worn sensors for gait evaluation in people with PD. Additionally, the influence of disease severity on the reliability was determined. METHODS: Twenty individuals with PD were recruited. During the first evaluation, the participants wore inertial sensors on their shoes and walked along a walkway thrice at their comfortable walking speed. The participants were then required to return to the lab after 3–5 days to complete the second evaluation with the same study procedure. Test-retest reliability of gait-related outcomes were calculated. To determine whether the results would be affected by disease severity, reliability was re-calculated by subdividing the participants into early and mid-advanced stages of the disease. RESULTS: The results showed moderate to good reliability (ICC = 0.64–0.87) of the wearable sensors for gait assessment in the general population with PD. Subgroup analysis showed that the reliability was higher among patients at early stages (ICC = 0.71–0.97) compared to those at mid-advanced stages (ICC = 0.65–0.81) of PD. CONCLUSIONS: Wearable sensors could reliably measure gait parameters in people with PD, and the reliability was higher among individuals at early stages of the disease compared to those at mid-advanced stages. Absolute reliability values were calculated to act as references for future studies.

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Chang, Hsiu-Chen, Chiung-Chu Chen, Yi-Hsin Weng, Wei-Da Chiou, Ya-Ju Chang, and Chin-Song Lu. "The efficacy of cognitive-cycling dual-task training in patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease: A pilot study." NeuroRehabilitation 47, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nre-203090.

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BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that cognitive-motor dual-task (DT) training might improve gait performance, locomotion automaticity, balance, and cognition in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of cognitive-cycling DT training in patients with early-stage PD. METHODS: Participants were scheduled to perform cognitive tasks simultaneously with the cycling training twice per week for eight weeks for a total of 16 sessions during their on-states. Clinical assessments were conducted using the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS), modified Hoehn and Yahr stage, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, gait and cognitive performances under dual-task paradigm, the new freezing of gait questionnaire, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living scale, 39-item Parkinson’s disease questionnaire, and cognitive performance. RESULTS: Thirteen eligible patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 60.64±5.32 years, and the mean disease duration was 7.02±3.23 years. Twelve PD patients completed 16 serial cognitive-cycling sessions for two months. After 16 sessions of training (T2), the UPDRS III scores improved significantly in both the off- and on-states, and TUG were significantly less than those at pretraining (T0). During both the single-task and the DT situations, gait performance and spatial memory cognitive performance significantly improved from T0 to T2. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that cognitive-cycling DT training improves the motor functions, gait and cognitive performances of PD patients.

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Shin, Sung Yul, Robert K. Lee, Patrick Spicer, and James Sulzer. "Does kinematic gait quality improve with functional gait recovery? A longitudinal pilot study on early post-stroke individuals." Journal of Biomechanics 105 (May 2020): 109761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109761.

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Nambi, Gopal, Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Anju Verma, Shereen H. Elsayed, Osama R. Aldhafian, Naif Bin Nwihadh, Mohamed A. Omar, Tohamy G. T. Hassan, and Ayman K. Saleh. "Effects of Postoperative Rehabilitation on Gait Parameters and Electromyography Variables in Acute and Chronic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery in Football Players." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (August 13, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9912795.

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Background and Objective. To date, there were no clinically proven and evident ACLR rehabilitation protocols developed exclusively for football players, also no comparative studies were conducted on kinematic, kinetic, and EMG parameters on postoperative rehabilitation protocol in acute and chronic ACLR. The objective of this study was to find and compare the kinematic, kinetic, and EMG effects of postoperative rehabilitation after acute and chronic ACLR surgeries in football players. Design and Setting. Using the convenience sampling method, eligible subjects were divided into three groups. The test group consisted of acute (n = 15) and chronic (n = 15) ACL injured subjects who underwent ACLR surgery and 8 weeks postoperative rehabilitation. The control group consists of (n = 15) healthy subjects. Kinematic (cadence (steps/min), step length (cm), step width (cm), double support (% of the gait cycle), and swing phase (% of the gait cycle)), kinetic (F1, early stance phase; F2, middle stance phase; and F3, late stance phase forces), and EMG data of the (biceps femoris, adductor longus, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis) muscles were recorded and analyzed at baseline, 8 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months follow-up. Results. The results of the a-ACLR, c-ACLR, and control groups were compared. At 8 weeks following postoperative rehabilitation, the a-ACLR group shows more significant changes than the c-ACLR group ( p < 0.001 ). At 6 and 12 months, there are normal values of kinematic and kinetic values in a-ACLR compared with the results of the control group ( p < 0.001 ). Conclusion. The study showed that postoperative rehabilitation provides significant effects in the kinematic, kinetic, and EMG gait parameters in acute ACLR than chronic ACLR subjects. Early surgical intervention and postrehabilitation are mandatory to get the significant effects in the clinical parameters in acute and chronic ACL injury.

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Eizentals, Peteris, Aleksejs Katashev, and Aleksandrs Okss. "GAIT PARTITIONING WITH SMART SOCKS SYSTEM." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 21, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol4.3844.

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Gait is a very complex movement, involving the central nervous system and a significant part of the skeletomuscular system. Any disease that is affecting one or more of the involved parts will reflect in the gait. Therefore, gait analysis has been studied extensively in the context of early disease diagnostics, post-operation rehabilitation monitoring, and sports injury prevention. Gait cycle phase partitioning is one of the most common gait characteristic analysis methods, which utilizes the cyclical nature of human gait. Pressure sensitive mats and insoles are considered the gold standard, but some inherent limitations of these methods urge researchers to seek for alternatives. One of the proposed alternatives is Smart Sock systems, which contain textile pressure sensors. The main limitation of Smart Sock systems is the limited number of sensors, thus complicating gait phase partitioning by these systems. The present paper describes gait phase partitioning using plantar pressure signal obtained by a Smart Sock system. Six-phase partitioning was achieved, including such gait phases as initial contact, loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, pre-swing and swing phase. Mean gait cycle time values obtained from the experimental data were in accordance with the ones found in the literature.

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Carse, Bruce, Roy Bowers, Barry C. Meadows, and Philip Rowe. "The immediate effects of fitting and tuning solid ankle–foot orthoses in early stroke rehabilitation." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 39, no. 6 (June 17, 2014): 454–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364614538090.

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Background: Ankle-foot orthoses are known to have a generally positive effect on gait in stroke, however the specifc type of AFO and the time point at which it is provided are highly variable in the currently available literature. Objective: The objective was to determine the immediate spatiotemporal and kinematic effect of custom-made solid ankle–foot orthoses in early stroke rehabilitation, compared to shod walking. Methods: Five male and three female participants were recruited to the study ( n = 8), with a mean age of 57 (16) years who were 3.5 (3) weeks post-stroke. Each received a custom-made solid ankle–foot orthosis to a predefined set of design criteria and tuned using heel wedges to control the shank inclination angle during shod walking. Repeated spatiotemporal and three-dimensional gait measures were taken pre- and immediately post-intervention. Study design: A pre–post-test experimental study. Results: With the solid ankle–foot orthosis, walking velocity increased from 0.22 (0.2) to 0.36 (0.3) m/s ( p < 0.05), overall average step length increased from 0.28 (0.1) to 0.37 (0.1) m ( p < 0.05), cadence increased from 45 (19) to 56 (19) steps/min ( p < 0.05) and step length symmetry ratio increased from 0.65 (0.2) to 0.74 (0.2) (not significant). No clear changes were observed in the joint kinematics of the hip and knee. Conclusion: In our small group of early stroke patients who were fitted with a solid ankle–foot orthosis, immediate significant improvements occurred in walking speed, step length and cadence, when compared to walking with shoes only. Clinical relevance This study provides evidence about the immediate effects of custom solid ankle–foot orthoses on gait of early stroke survivors. Ankle–foot orthosis design specifications are fully described for replication. This study suggests that observing global segment orientation may be more useful than joint angles when fitting and tuning ankle–foot orthoses for optimal ankle–foot orthosis/footwear alignment.

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NANKAKU, Manabu, Hideto KANZAKI, Takashi ISHIKURA, Keiichi KAWANABE, and Takashi NAKAMURA. "Gait Analysis of Patients in Early Stages after Total Hip Arthroplasty Surgery." Rigakuryoho Kagaku 20, no. 2 (2005): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/rika.20.121.

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Cofré Lizama, L. Eduardo, Sjoerd M. Bruijn, and Mary P. Galea. "Gait stability at early stages of multiple sclerosis using different data sources." Gait & Posture 77 (March 2020): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.02.006.

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张, 东宁. "Effect of Early Rehabilitation on Time and Distance Parameters in Gait Analysis of Ischemic Stroke Patients." Advances in Clinical Medicine 10, no. 08 (2020): 1548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/acm.2020.108232.

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Andrysek, Jan, Daniela García, Claudio Rozbaczylo, Carlos Alvarez-Mitchell, Rebeca Valdebenito, Karin Rotter, and F. Virginia Wright. "Biomechanical responses of young adults with unilateral transfemoral amputation using two types of mechanical stance control prosthetic knee joints." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 44, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364620916385.

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Background: Prosthetic knee joint function is important in the rehabilitation of individuals with transfemoral amputation. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the gait patterns associated with two types of mechanical stance control prosthetic knee joints—weight-activated braking knee and automatic stance-phase lock knee. It was hypothesized that biomechanical differences exist between the two knee types, including a prolonged swing-phase duration and exaggerated pelvic movements for the weight-activated braking knee during gait. Study design: Prospective crossover study. Methods: Spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters were obtained via instrumented gait analysis for 10 young adults with a unilateral transfemoral amputation. Discrete gait parameters were extracted based on their magnitudes and timing. Results: A 1.01% ± 1.14% longer swing-phase was found for the weight-activated braking knee (p < 0.05). The prosthetic ankle push-off also occurred earlier in the gait cycle for the weight-activated braking knee. Anterior pelvic tilt was 3.3 ± 3.0 degrees greater for the weight-activated braking knee. This range of motion was also higher (p < 0.05) and associated with greater hip flexion angles. Conclusions: Stance control affects biomechanics primarily in the early and late stance associated with prosthetic limb loading and unloading. The prolonged swing-phase time for the weight-activated braking knee may be associated with the need for knee unloading to initiate knee flexion during gait. The differences in pelvic tilt may be related to knee stability and possibly the different knee joint stance control mechanisms. Clinical relevance Understanding the influence of knee function on gait biomechanics is important in selecting and improving treatments and outcomes for individuals with lower-limb amputations. Weight-activated knee joints may result in undesired gait deviations associated with stability in early stance-phase, and swing-phase initiation in the late stance-phase of gait.

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Clark, D. A., D. L. Simpson, J. D. Eldridge, V. Pai, and G. R. Colborne. "Functional assessment of outcome of surgery to correct patellofemoral instability in human patients." Comparative Exercise Physiology 16, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190045.

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A case-control study with 6 months of patient follow up. This study sought to determine if surgery followed by rehabilitation for patellar instability could restore normal gait function. A previous study has established abnormalities in gait pattern and joint congruence in patients with a history of patellar instability. We hypothesised that surgery for patellofemoral instability would improve knee function. Eight human patients (mean age 29, range 17-42) who were awaiting patella stabilisation surgery (5 tibial tuberosity osteotomy, 2 medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, 1 trochleoplasty) were compared against eight normal Controls (mean age 28, range 19-31). Patients were assessed pre-operatively and six months after surgery by biomechanical gait analysis. Gait trials involved simultaneous collection of kinematic and force data. Patients were grouped into two subgroups pre-operatively based on knee joint net moment during stance, and their joint moments during stance pre- and post-operatively were compared against the Control subjects. In pre-operative gait analysis, four patients (P1) produced some extensor moment in early stance and four (P2) demonstrated a severe gait deficiency with failure to generate a knee extensor moment during stance. Normalisation in gait pattern was observed in all patients post-operatively. Those who had the most severe gait abnormality (P2) demonstrated the most improvement in their knee joint moments. Improvements were observed in the milder (P1) cases, but these were less dramatic. Patella stabilisation by surgery can restore normal gait function. Normalising the anatomy of the knee extensor mechanism is the objective of surgery. Normal anatomy facilitates the rehabilitation objectives of optimising extensor function during the weight-bearing phase of gait.

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Kent, J. A., and K. E. Sherman. "Intrinsic variability in the early unaided gait of bilateral C-leg® users." Gait & Posture 39 (June 2014): S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.04.113.

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Kelly, Gemma, and Jonathan Pool. "Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation In Gait Rehabilitation For Children And Youth Following Acquired Brain Injury." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 26, no. 6 (June 2, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2019.26.6.12.

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Background/Aims Relearning to walk is an important goal for many children and young people after acquired brain injury. Rhythmic auditory stimulation uses rhythm to support gait retraining. Its efficacy has been shown for adults with acquired brain injury and children and young people with cerebral palsy. No studies exist for children and young people with acquired brain injury. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether the addition of rhythmic auditory stimulation to standard physiotherapy improves children and young people's gait speed and quality after severe acquired brain injury. Methods Four children and young people (aged 10–13 years) with severe acquired brain injury accessing residential rehabilitation were recruited to a multiple baseline single case experimental design study, AB design. During baseline (A) phase children and young people accessed standard rehabilitation (10 physiotherapy sessions per week). In the intervention (B) phase, 2 out of the 10 standard physiotherapy sessions were replaced with rhythmic auditory stimulation. Length of baseline was randomised and intervention phases were 4 weeks. The 10 m walk test and Edinburgh Visual Gait Scale were completed pre and post sessions biweekly. Data analysis including visual analysis of level, slope and trend of the data will be presented with the results of a test of statistical significance. Results Data collection will finish in December 2018. Early results indicate that the quality of walking improved more during the intervention phase than the baseline phase for at least one of the participants, and rhythmic auditory stimulation was equal to normal physiotherapy in the other participants. Statistical testing is required. Conclusions Early results indicate that rhythmic auditory stimulation is at least as effective as normal physio in improving the walking quality of children and young people with acquired brain injury, but this needs to be confirmed. Recommendations for clinical practice and future studies can be made based on the findings and experience of this study.

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Migel, Kimmery, and Erik Wikstrom. "Gait Biomechanics Following Taping and Bracing in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Critically Appraised Topic." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2019-0030.

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Clinical Scenario: Approximately 30% of all first-time patients with LAS develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). CAI-associated impairments are thought to contribute to aberrant gait biomechanics, which increase the risk of subsequent ankle sprains and the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Alternative modalities should be considered to improve gait biomechanics as impairment-based rehabilitation does not impact gait. Taping and bracing have been shown to reduce the risk of recurrent ankle sprains; however, their effects on CAI-associated gait biomechanics remain unknown. Clinical Question: Do ankle taping and bracing modify gait biomechanics in those with CAI? Summary of Key Findings: Three case-control studies assessed taping and bracing applications including kinesiotape, athletic tape, a flexible brace, and a semirigid brace. Kinesiotape decreased excessive inversion in early stance, whereas athletic taping decreased excessive inversion and plantar flexion in the swing phase and limited tibial external rotation in terminal stance. The flexible and semirigid brace increased dorsiflexion range of motion, and the semirigid brace limited plantar flexion range of motion at toe-off. Clinical Bottom Line: Taping and bracing acutely alter gait biomechanics in those with CAI. Strength of Recommendation: There is limited quality evidence (grade B) that taping and bracing can immediately alter gait biomechanics in patients with CAI.

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Paskaleva, Ruska. "IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN EARLY PEOPLE WITH DIABET." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2802441p.

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The exercise of regular physical activity aims to maintain muscles in good condition, to prevent the possible occurrence of inactive hypotrophies or contractions, to activate the various types of modulating descending control (pain suppression), to achieve and maintain the emotional tone of the patient. We recommend general exercises, analytical and functional gymnastics; stretching; passive mobilizations; kinesitherapy, non-competitive games, field treatment, dosed tourism and moderate exercise (mostly aerobic exercise): walking, swimming, cycling - at moderate intensity (up to 60 W), recreational activities and art-therapy with a duration of 2-3 hours. The subject of the study was 120 diabetic patients, with anthropometric measurements and a Daily Activity Test before and after rehabilitation. Rehabilitation events are applied depending on the motor skills. The activities were twice a week with a duration of 50 minutes, with active participation of the students during the clinical practice. Achieved results on improving daily activities and the gait stability confirm the thesis that exercise of regular physical activity in diabetic patients maintains well muscles, prevents complications in the nervous system and the locomotory system.

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Outermans, Jacqueline C., Roland PS van Peppen, Harriet Wittink, Tim Takken, and Gert Kwakkel. "Effects of a high-intensity task-oriented training on gait performance early after stroke: a pilot study." Clinical Rehabilitation 24, no. 11 (August 18, 2010): 979–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215509360647.

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George-Reichley, Debra G., and Jill S. Higginson. "Potential Muscle Function during the Swing Phase of Stroke Gait." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 26, no. 2 (May 2010): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.26.2.180.

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The understanding of individual muscle impairments that affect swing phase in stroke gait will lead to better rehabilitation strategies for this population. We used induced acceleration analysis to evaluate the potential each muscle has to accelerate the hip and knee joints of the swing limb, using kinematics from three stroke subjects and five healthy subjects. To determine the influence of altered limb position on muscle function, we augmented hip extension by 10° in swing phase for all subjects. We found that in early swing, healthy subjects had greater potential to accelerate the knee into flexion than stroke subjects, whereas stroke subjects had greater potential to accelerate the hip into flexion. Perturbing the hip flexion angle into greater extension increased the potential of biarticular muscles to flex the knee in swing phase. The potential of muscles to improve swing phase dynamics depends on the initial posture of the limb and highlights the importance of subject-specific evaluations in the design of appropriate therapeutic interventions.

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Shan, Mia X., Yen M. Tran, Kim T. Vu, and Blessen C. Eapen. "Postacute inpatient rehabilitation for COVID-19." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 8 (August 2020): e237406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-237406.

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This case describes the successful pulmonary rehabilitation of a premorbidly independent female in the early 80s who was admitted for acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19 requiring 14 days of intubation. Patient was admitted to the acute rehabilitation unit 1 month after hospitalisation. Patient initially had poor endurance and was only able to ambulate with a front wheel walker for 150 feet, and also had tachycardia and decreased oxygen saturation after ambulation. During patient’s rehabilitation course, therapy was focused on improving activity tolerance. Ten days after admission, patient was able to ambulate without an assistive device for 250 feet and with a rollator for over 900 feet. Patient also showed improvement in gait speed, heart rate, oxygen saturation after ambulation and incentive spirometer volume. This case demonstrates that pulmonary rehabilitation is an important component of inpatient care for patients with COVID-19 to improve functional exercise capacity and aerobic capacity.

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Schröder, J., S. Truijen, T. Criekinge, and W. Saeys. "Feasibility and effectiveness of repetitive gait training early after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 51, no. 2 (2019): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/16501977-2505.

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Smith, Beth A., and Beverly D. Ulrich. "Early onset of stabilizing strategies for gait and obstacles: Older adults with Down syndrome." Gait & Posture 28, no. 3 (October 2008): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.02.002.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Early gait rehabilitation'

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